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Zhu L, Feng S, Li Y, Sun X, Sui Q, Chen B, Qu K, Xia B. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis reveals the toxic and protective mechanisms of marine microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa in response to TiO 2 nanoparticles and UV-B radiation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169174. [PMID: 38072255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised regarding the adverse effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on marine organisms, as an increasing number of NPs inevitably enter the marine environment with the development of nanotechnology. Owing to the photocatalytic properties, TiO2 NPs' toxicity may be aggravated by enhanced UV-B resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion. However, the molecular mechanisms of phytoplankton in response to TiO2 NPs under UV-B remains poorly understood. In this study, we integrated whole transcriptome analysis with physiological data to provide understanding on the toxic and protective mechanisms of marine Chlorella pyrenoidosa in response to TiO2 NPs under UV-B. The results indicated that the changes in gene expression could be related to the growth inhibition and TiO2 NP internalization in C. pyrenoidosa, and several molecular mechanisms were identified as toxicity response to TiO2 NPs and UV-B. Differential expression of genes involved in glycerophospholipids metabolism indicated that cell membrane disruption allowed TiO2 NPs to enter the algal cell under UV-B exposure, although the up-regulation of genes involved in the general secretory dependent pathway and the ATP-binding cassette transporter family drove cellular secretion of extracellular polymeric substances, acting as a barrier that prevent TiO2 NP internalization. The absence of changes in gene expression related to the antioxidant system may be responsible for the severe oxidative stress observed in algal cells following exposure to TiO2 NPs under UV-B irradiation. Moreover, differential expression of genes involved in pathways such as photosynthesis and energy metabolism were up-regulated, including the light-harvesting, photosynthetic electron transport coupled to photophosphorylation, carbon fixation, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, indicating that more energy and metabolites were supplied to cope with the toxicity of TiO2 NPs and UV-B. The obtained results provide valuable information on the molecular mechanisms of response of marine phytoplankton exposed to TiO2 NPs and UV-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Sulan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Marine Technology and Geomatics, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Marine Technology and Geomatics, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qi Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Keming Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Sun M, Shen Y. Integrating the multiple functions of CHLH into chloroplast-derived signaling fundamental to plant development and adaptation as well as fruit ripening. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111892. [PMID: 37821024 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl)-mediated oxygenic photosynthesis sustains life on Earth. Greening leaves play fundamental roles in plant growth and crop yield, correlating with the idea that more Chls lead to better adaptation. However, they face significant challenges from various unfavorable environments. Chl biosynthesis hinges on the first committed step, which involves inserting Mg2+ into protoporphyrin. This step is facilitated by the H subunit of magnesium chelatase (CHLH) and features a conserved mechanism from cyanobacteria to plants. For better adaptation to fluctuating land environments, especially drought, CHLH evolves multiple biological functions, including Chl biosynthesis, retrograde signaling, and abscisic acid (ABA) responses. Additionally, it integrates into various chloroplast-derived signaling pathways, encompassing both retrograde signaling and hormonal signaling. The former comprises ROS (reactive oxygen species), heme, GUN (genomes uncoupled), MEcPP (methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate), β-CC (β-cyclocitral), and PAP (3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate). The latter involves phytohormones like ABA, ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, strigolactone, brassinolide, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. Together, these elements create a coordinated regulatory network tailored to plant development and adaptation. An intriguing example is how drought-mediated improvement of fruit quality provides insights into chloroplast-derived signaling, aiding the shift from vegetative to reproductive growth. In this context, we explore the integration of CHLH's multifaceted roles into chloroplast-derived signaling, which lays the foundation for plant development and adaptation, as well as fruit ripening and quality. In the future, manipulating chloroplast-derived signaling may offer a promising avenue to enhance crop yield and quality through the homeostasis, function, and regulation of Chls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuanyue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
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Fan L, Hou Y, Zheng L, Shi H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Li S, Liu L, Guo M, Yang Z, Liu J. Characterization and fine mapping of a yellow leaf gene regulating chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in cotton (Gossypium arboreum). Gene 2023; 885:147712. [PMID: 37579958 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development are essential for photosynthesis and plant growth. Gossypium arboreum, a valuable source of genetic variation for cotton improvement, remains poorly studied for the mechanisms regulating chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. Here we created a G. arboreum etiolated leaf and stuntedness (els) mutant that displayed a distinct yellow color of leaves, bracts and stems throughout the whole growth, where chlorophyll accumulation in leaves was reduced and chloroplast development was delayed. The GaCHLH gene, which encodes the H subunit of magnesium chelatase (Mg-chelatase), was screened by MutMap and KASP analysis. Compared to GaCHLH, the gene Gachlh of the mutant had a single nucleotide transition (G to A) at 1549 bp, which causes the substitution of a glycine (G) by a serine (S) at the 517th amino acid, resulting in an abnormal secondary structure of the Gachlh protein. GaCHLH-silenced SXY1 and ZM24 plants exhibited a lower GaCHLH expression level, a lower chlorophyll content, and the yellow-leaf phenotype. Gachlh expression affected the expression of key genes in the tetrapyrrole pathway. GaCHLH and Gachlh were located in the chloroplasts and that alteration of the mutation site did not affect the final target position. The BiFC assay result indicated that Gachlh could not bind to GaCHLD properly, which prevented the assembly of Mg-chelatase and thus led to the failure of chlorophyll synthesis. In this study, the Gachlh gene of G. arboreum els was finely localized and identified for the first time, providing new insights into the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Yan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huiyun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Shengdong Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Le Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengzhen Guo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zuoren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of China Northwestern Inland Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832003, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China.
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
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Cao Y, Hu J, Hou J, Fu C, Zou X, Han X, Jia P, Sun C, Xu Y, Xue Y, Zou Y, Liu X, Chen X, Li G, Guo J, Xu M, Fu A. Vacuolar Sugar Transporter TMT2 Plays Crucial Roles in Germination and Seedling Development in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15852. [PMID: 37958835 PMCID: PMC10647555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar sugar transporters transport sugar across the tonoplast, are major players in maintaining sugar homeostasis, and therefore play vital roles in plant growth, development, and biomass yield. In this study, we analyzed the physiological roles of the tonoplast monosaccharide transporter 2 (TMT2) in Arabidopsis. In contrast to the wild type (WT) that produced uniform seedlings, the tmt2 mutant produced three types of offspring: un-germinated seeds (UnG), seedlings that cannot form true leaves (tmt2-S), and seedlings that develop normally (tmt2-L). Sucrose, glucose, and fructose can substantially, but not completely, rescue the abnormal phenotypes of the tmt2 mutant. Abnormal cotyledon development, arrested true leaf development, and abnormal development of shoot apical meristem (SAM) were observed in tmt2-S seedlings. Cotyledons from the WT and tmt2-L seedlings restored the growth of tmt2-S seedlings through micrografting. Moreover, exogenous sugar sustained normal growth of tmt2-S seedlings with cotyledon removed. Finally, we found that the TMT2 deficiency resulted in growth defects, most likely via changing auxin signaling, target of rapamycin (TOR) pathways, and cellular nutrients. This study unveiled the essential functions of TMT2 for seed germination and initial seedling development, ensuring cotyledon function and mobilizing sugars from cotyledons to seedlings. It also expanded the current knowledge on sugar metabolism and signaling. These findings have fundamental implications for enhancing plant biomass production or seed yield in future agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Xu
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Shaanxi Academy of Basic Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.C.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (C.F.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (P.J.); (C.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (G.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Aigen Fu
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Shaanxi Academy of Basic Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.C.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (C.F.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (P.J.); (C.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (G.L.); (J.G.)
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Mamani-Huarcaya BM, Navarro-Gochicoa MT, Herrera-Rodríguez MB, Camacho-Cristóbal JJ, Ceacero CJ, Fernández Cutire Ó, González-Fontes A, Rexach J. Leaf Proteomic Analysis in Seedlings of Two Maize Landraces with Different Tolerance to Boron Toxicity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2322. [PMID: 37375947 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) toxicity is an important stressor that negatively affects maize yield and the quality of the produce. The excessive B content in agricultural lands is a growing problem due to the increase in arid and semi-arid areas because of climate change. Recently, two Peruvian maize landraces, Sama and Pachía, were physiologically characterized based on their tolerance to B toxicity, the former being more tolerant to B excess than Pachía. However, many aspects regarding the molecular mechanisms of these two maize landraces against B toxicity are still unknown. In this study, a leaf proteomic analysis of Sama and Pachía was performed. Out of a total of 2793 proteins identified, only 303 proteins were differentially accumulated. Functional analysis indicated that many of these proteins are involved in transcription and translation processes, amino acid metabolism, photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, protein degradation, and protein stabilization and folding. Compared to Sama, Pachía had a higher number of differentially expressed proteins related to protein degradation, and transcription and translation processes under B toxicity conditions, which might reflect the greater protein damage caused by B toxicity in Pachía. Our results suggest that the higher tolerance to B toxicity of Sama can be attributed to more stable photosynthesis, which can prevent damage caused by stromal over-reduction under this stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Maribel Mamani-Huarcaya
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna 23000, Peru
| | | | | | - Juan José Camacho-Cristóbal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan Ceacero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Óscar Fernández Cutire
- Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna 23000, Peru
| | - Agustín González-Fontes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Rexach
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Yang X, Cai J, Xue J, Luo X, Zhu W, Xiao X, Xue M, An F, Li K, Chen S. Magnesium chelatase subunit D is not only required for chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis, but also affecting starch accumulation in Manihot esculenta Crantz. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:258. [PMID: 37189053 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium chelatase plays an important role in photosynthesis, but only a few subunits have been functionally characterized in cassava. RESULTS Herein, MeChlD was successfully cloned and characterized. MeChlD encodes a magnesium chelatase subunit D, which has ATPase and vWA conservative domains. MeChlD was highly expressed in the leaves. Subcellular localization suggested that MeChlD:GFP was a chloroplast-localized protein. Furthermore, the yeast two-hybrid system and BiFC analysis indicated that MeChlD interacts with MeChlM and MePrxQ, respectively. VIGS-induce silencing of MeChlD resulted in significantly decreased chlorophyll content and reduction the expression of photosynthesis-related nuclear genes. Furthermore, the storage root numbers, fresh weight and the total starch content in cassava storage roots of VIGS-MeChlD plants was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION Taken together, MeChlD located at the chloroplast is not only required for chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis, but also affecting the starch accumulation in cassava. This study expands our understanding of the biological functions of ChlD proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiuqin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Wenli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xinhui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Maofu Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Feifei An
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Kaimian Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Songbi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Du C, Sang W, Xu C, Jiang Z, Wang J, Fang Y, Zhu C, Wizi J, Akram MA, Ni L, Li S. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of Microcystis aeruginosa exposed to artemisinin sustained-release microspheres. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130114. [PMID: 36368067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin sustained-release microspheres (ASMs) have been shown to inhibit Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) blooms. Previous studies have focused on inhibitory mechanism of ASMs on the physiological level of M. aeruginosa, but the algal inhibitory mechanism of ASMs has not been comprehensively and profoundly revealed. The study proposed to reveal the toxicity mechanism of ASMs on M. aeruginosa based on transcriptomics and metabolomics. After exposure to 0.2 g·L-1 ASMs for 7 days, M. aeruginosa biomass was significantly inhibited, with an inhibition rate (IR) of 47 % on day 7. Transcriptomic and metabolomic results showed that: (1) 478 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 251 differential metabolites (DMs) were obtained; (2) ASMs inhibited photosynthesis by blocking photosynthetic pigment synthesis, destroying photoreaction centers and photosynthetic carbon reactions; (3) ASMs reduced L-glutamic acid content and blocked glutathione (GSH) synthesis, leading to an imbalance in the antioxidant system; (4) ASM disrupted nitrogen metabolism and the hindered synthesis of various amino acids; (5) ASMs inhibited glyoxylate cycle and TCA cycle. This study provides an important prerequisite for the practical application of ASMs and a new perspective for the management of harmful algal blooms (HABs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunhao Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlu Sang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Chu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Chengjie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Jakpa Wizi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Asif Akram
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Lixiao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China.
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, 210023 Nanjing, China.
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Chakraborty S, Bhattacharjee S, Tiwari B, Jaishwal T, Singh SS, Mishra AK. Deciphering the mechanisms of zinc tolerance in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sphaerica and its zinc bioremediation potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9591-9608. [PMID: 36057058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria adopt a variety of changes at proteomic and metabolic levels for surviving under harmful environmental conditions including heavy metal stress. The current study investigates the impact of zinc stress on the proteome of Anabaena sphaerica to get an insight into its molecular mechanisms of zinc tolerance. The study revealed three different aspects that were associated with the zinc tolerance in A. sphaerica: (i) the reduced expression of photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, energy metabolism, respiratory, and transcriptional/translational proteins probably to conserve energy and utilizing it to sustain growth; (ii) the enhanced expression of metallothionein and ferritin domain protein All 3940 to chelate free zinc ions whereas upregulation of antioxidative proteins for detoxifying reactive oxygen species; and (iii) the expression of large numbers of hypothetical proteins to maintain the important cellular functions. Furthermore, over expressions of sulfate adenylyl transferase and cystathionine beta synthase along with the increased synthesis of peptidases and thiolated antioxidant proteins were also noticed which denoted cysteine synthesis under sulfur deprivation possibly by mobilizing the sulfur from dead cells and its channelization towards the production of thiolated antioxidants. Besides tolerating excess amount of zinc, A. sphaerica exhibited high zinc biosorption efficiency which confirmed its outstanding zinc bioremediation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhunath Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Samujjal Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Balkrishna Tiwari
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Tameshwar Jaishwal
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Systematics and Stress Biology, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Satya Shila Singh
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Systematics and Stress Biology, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Arun Kumar Mishra
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Drought Stress Response of Nitraria tangutorum as Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought resistance in plants is controlled by multiple genes. To identify the genes that mediate drought stress responses and to assess the associated metabolic pathways in the desert shrub Nitraria tangutorum, we conducted a transcriptome analysis of plants under control (maximum field capacity) and drought (20% of the maximum field capacity) conditions. We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of N. tangutorum and their enrichment in the KEGG metabolic pathways database, and explored the molecular biological mechanisms underlying the answer to its drought tolerance. Between the control and drought groups, 119 classified metabolic pathways annotated 3047 DEGs in the KEGG database. For drought tolerance, nitrate reductase (NR) gene expression was downregulated, indicating that NR activity was decreased to improve drought tolerance. In ammonium assimilation, drought stress inhibited glutamine formation. Protochlorophyllide reductase (1.3.1.33) expression was upregulated to promote chlorophyll a synthesis, whereas divinyl reductase (1.3.1.75) expression was downregulated to inhibit chlorophyll-ester a synthesis. The expression of the chlorophyll synthase (2.5.1.62) gene was downregulated, which affected the synthesis of chlorophyll a and b. Overall, drought stress appeared to improve the ability to convert chlorophyll b into chlorophyll a. Our data serve as a theoretical foundation for further elucidating the growth regulatory mechanism of desert xerophytes, thereby facilitating the development and cultivation of new, drought-resistant genotypes for the purpose of improving desert ecosystems.
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Li R, Luo C, Qiu J, Li Y, Zhang H, Tan H. Metabolomic and transcriptomic investigation of the mechanism involved in enantioselective toxicity of imazamox in Lemna minor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127818. [PMID: 34875416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Imazamox (IM) is a chiral pesticide that has been widely used in agriculture. Currently, few studies have investigated the toxicity mechanisms of imazamox to aquatic macrophyte from the enantiomer level. In this study, the enantioselective effects of IM on the toxicity and physiological and biochemical system of aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor were systematically investigated. Metabolomic and transcriptomic for Lemna minor were used to identify potential mechanisms of toxicity. 7 d EC50s for racemic-, R-, and S-IM were 0.036, 0.035, and 0.203 mg/L, respectively, showing enantioselective toxicity. In addition, IM caused Lemna minor lipid peroxidation and antioxidant damage, and inhibited the activities of the target enzymes. Metabolomic and transcriptomic data indicated that R-IM interferenced differentially expressed genes and metabolites of Lemna minor which were enriched in carbon fixation during photosynthesis, glutathione metabolic pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, zeatin biosynthesis, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. S-IM affected phenylalanine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Racemic-IM influenced carbon fixation during operation, glutathione metabolic pathway, zeatin biosynthesis and pentose phosphate pathway. The results provide new insights into the enantioselective toxicity mechanisms of IM to Lemna minor, and lay the foundation for conducting environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Guangxi key laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Luo
- Guangxi key laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsi Qiu
- Guangxi key laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfu Li
- Guangxi key laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangxi key laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihua Tan
- Guangxi key laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Wu CJ, Wang J, Zhu J, Ren J, Yang YX, Luo T, Xu LX, Zhou QH, Xiao XF, Zhou YX, Luo S. Molecular Characterization of Mg-Chelatase CHLI Subunit in Pea ( Pisum sativum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:821683. [PMID: 35145539 PMCID: PMC8821089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.821683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As a rate-limiting enzyme for chlorophyll biosynthesis, Mg-chelatase is a promising target for improving photosynthetic efficiency. It consists of CHLH, CHLD, and CHLI subunits. In pea (Pisum sativum L.), two putative CHLI genes (PsCHLI1 and PsCHLI2) were revealed recently by the whole genome sequencing, but their molecular features are not fully characterized. In this study, PsCHLI1 and PsCHLI2 cDNAs were identified by PCR-based cloning and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PsCHLIs were derived from an ancient duplication in legumes. Both PsCHLIs were more highly expressed in leaves than in other organs and downregulated by abscisic acid and heat treatments, while PsCHLI1 was more highly expressed than PsCHLI2. PsCHLI1 and PsCHLI2 encode 422- and 417-amino acid proteins, respectively, which shared 82% amino acid identity and were located in chloroplasts. Plants with a silenced PsCHLI1 closely resembled PsCHLI1 and PsCHLI2 double-silenced plants, as both exhibited yellow leaves with barely detectable Mg-chelatase activity and chlorophyll content. Furthermore, plants with a silenced PsCHLI2 showed no obvious phenotype. In addition, the N-terminal fragment of PsCHLI1 (PsCHLI1N, Val63-Cys191) and the middle fragment of PsCHLI1 (PsCHLI1M, Gly192-Ser336) mediated the formation of homodimers and the interaction with CHLD, respectively, while active PsCHLI1 was only achieved by combining PsCHLI1N, PsCHLI1M, and the C-terminal fragment of PsCHLI1 (Ser337-Ser422). Taken together, PsCHLI1 is the key CHLI subunit, and its peptide fragments are essential for maintaining Mg-chelatase activity, which can be used to improve photosynthetic efficiency by manipulating Mg-chelatase in pea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-jun Wu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - You-xin Yang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lu-xi Xu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing-hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu-feng Xiao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-xin Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sha Luo
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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12
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ain-Ali QU, Mushtaq N, Amir R, Gul A, Tahir M, Munir F. Genome-wide promoter analysis, homology modeling and protein interaction network of Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) gene family in Solanum tuberosum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261215. [PMID: 34914734 PMCID: PMC8675703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) regulates the expression of numerous stress-responsive genes, and hence plays a pivotal role in abiotic stress responses and tolerance in plants. The study aimed to develop a complete overview of the cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) present in S. tuberosum DREB gene promoters. A total of one hundred and four (104) cis-regulatory elements (CREs) were identified from 2.5kbp upstream of the start codon (ATG). The in-silico promoter analysis revealed variable sets of cis-elements and functional diversity with the predominance of light-responsive (30%), development-related (20%), abiotic stress-responsive (14%), and hormone-responsive (12%) elements in StDREBs. Among them, two light-responsive elements (Box-4 and G-box) were predicted in 64 and 61 StDREB genes, respectively. Two development-related motifs (AAGAA-motif and as-1) were abundant in StDREB gene promoters. Most of the DREB genes contained one or more Myeloblastosis (MYB) and Myelocytometosis (MYC) elements associated with abiotic stress responses. Hormone-responsive element i.e. ABRE was found in 59 out of 66 StDREB genes, which implied their role in dehydration and salinity stress. Moreover, six proteins were chosen corresponding to A1-A6 StDREB subgroups for secondary structure analysis and three-dimensional protein modeling followed by model validation through PROCHECK server by Ramachandran Plot. The predicted models demonstrated >90% of the residues in the favorable region, which further ensured their reliability. The present study also anticipated pocket binding sites and disordered regions (DRs) to gain insights into the structural flexibility and functional annotation of StDREB proteins. The protein association network determined the interaction of six selected StDREB proteins with potato proteins encoded by other gene families such as MYB and NAC, suggesting their similar functional roles in biological and molecular pathways. Overall, our results provide fundamental information for future functional analysis to understand the precise molecular mechanisms of the DREB gene family in S. tuberosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurat-ul ain-Ali
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Mushtaq
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Amir
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Munir
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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13
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Yu J, Zhao G, Li W, Zhang Y, Wang P, Fu A, Zhao L, Zhang C, Xu M. A single nucleotide polymorphism in an R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene triggers the male sterility in soybean ms6 (Ames1). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3661-3674. [PMID: 34319425 PMCID: PMC8519818 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Identification and functional analysis of the male sterile gene MS6 in Glycine max. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop providing vegetable oil and protein. The male sterility-based hybrid breeding is a promising method for improving soybean yield to meet the globally growing demand. In this research, we identified a soybean genic male sterile locus, MS6, by combining the bulked segregant analysis sequencing method and the map-based cloning technology. MS6, highly expressed in anther, encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor (GmTDF1-1) that is homologous to Tapetal Development and Function 1, a key factor for anther development in Arabidopsis and rice. In male sterile ms6 (Ames1), the mutant allele contains a missense mutation, leading to the 76th leucine substituted by histidine in the DNA binding domain of GmTDF1-1. The expression of soybean MS6 under the control of the AtTDF1 promoter could rescue the male sterility of attdf1 but ms6 could not. Additionally, ms6 overexpression in wild-type Arabidopsis did not affect anther development. These results evidence that GmTDF1-1 is a functional TDF1 homolog and L76H disrupts its function. Notably, GmTDF1-1 shows 92% sequence identity with another soybean protein termed as GmTDF1-2, whose active expression also restored the fertility of attdf1. However, GmTDF1-2 is constitutively expressed at a very low level in soybean, and therefore, not able to compensate for the MS6 deficiency. Analysis of the TDF1-involved anther development regulatory pathway showed that expressions of the genes downstream of TDF1 are significantly suppressed in ms6, unveiling that GmTDF1-1 is a core transcription factor regulating soybean anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Guolong Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Chunbao Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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14
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Wang D, Wang C, Li C, Song H, Qin J, Chang H, Fu W, Wang Y, Wang F, Li B, Hao Y, Xu M, Fu A. Functional Relationship of Arabidopsis AOXs and PTOX Revealed via Transgenic Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:692847. [PMID: 34367216 PMCID: PMC8336870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.692847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) and plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) are terminal oxidases of electron transfer in mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. Here, taking advantage of the variegation phenotype of the Arabidopsis PTOX deficient mutant (im), we examined the functional relationship between PTOX and its five distantly related homologs (AOX1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, and AOX2). When engineered into chloroplasts, AOX1b, 1c, 1d, and AOX2 rescued the im defect, while AOX1a partially suppressed the mutant phenotype, indicating that AOXs could function as PQH2 oxidases. When the full length AOXs were overexpressed in im, only AOX1b and AOX2 rescued its variegation phenotype. In vivo fluorescence analysis of GFP-tagged AOXs and subcellular fractionation assays showed that AOX1b and AOX2 could partially enter chloroplasts while AOX1c and AOX1d were exclusively present in mitochondria. Surprisingly, the subcellular fractionation, but not the fluorescence analysis of GFP-tagged AOX1a, revealed that a small portion of AOX1a could sort into chloroplasts. We further fused and expressed the targeting peptides of AOXs with the mature form of PTOX in im individually; and found that targeting peptides of AOX1a, AOX1b, and AOX2, but not that of AOX1c or AOX1d, could direct PTOX into chloroplasts. It demonstrated that chloroplast-localized AOXs, but not mitochondria-localized AOXs, can functionally compensate for the PTOX deficiency in chloroplasts, providing a direct evidence for the functional relevance of AOX and PTOX, shedding light on the interaction between mitochondria and chloroplasts and the complex mechanisms of protein dual targeting in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Wang
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Cai Li
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Han Chang
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weihan Fu
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yaqi Hao
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Xu
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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15
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Islam S, Bhor SA, Tanaka K, Sakamoto H, Yaeno T, Kaya H, Kobayashi K. Transcriptome Analysis Shows Activation of Stress and Defense Responses by Silencing of Chlorophyll Biosynthetic Enzyme CHLI in Transgenic Tobacco. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7044. [PMID: 32987929 PMCID: PMC7582866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we have shown the transcriptional changes in a chlorosis model transgenic tobacco plant, i-amiCHLI, in which an artificial micro RNA is expressed in a chemically inducible manner to silence the expression of CHLI genes encoding a subunit of a chlorophyll biosynthetic enzyme. Comparison to the inducer-treated and untreated control non-transformants and untreated i-amiCHLI revealed that 3568 and 3582 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the inducer-treated i-amiCHLI plants. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes indicated the upregulation of the genes related to innate immune responses, and cell death pathways, and the downregulation of genes for photosynthesis, plastid organization, and primary and secondary metabolic pathways in the inducer-treated i-amiCHLI plants. The cell death in the chlorotic tissues with a preceding H2O2 production was observed in the inducer-treated i-amiCHLI plants, confirming the activation of the immune response. The involvement of activated innate immune response in the chlorosis development was supported by the comparative expression analysis between the two transgenic chlorosis model systems, i-amiCHLI and i-hpHSP90C, in which nuclear genes encoding different chloroplast proteins were similarly silenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikhul Islam
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Sachin Ashok Bhor
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan;
| | - Hikaru Sakamoto
- Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan;
| | - Takashi Yaeno
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kaya
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kappei Kobayashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
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16
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Begum Y, Mondal SK. Comprehensive study of the genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis and degradation pathways in some monocot and dicot plant species. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2387-2414. [PMID: 32292132 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1748717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis is one of the most important cellular processes essential for plant photosynthesis. Chl degradation pathway is also important catabolic process occurs during leaf senescence, fruit ripening and under biotic or abiotic stress conditions. Here we have systematically investigated the molecular evolution, gene structure, compositional analysis along with ENc plot, correspondence analysis and codon usage bias of the proteins and encoded genes involved in Chl metabolism from monocots and dicots. The gene and species specific phylogenetic trees using amino acid sequences showed clear clustering formation of the selected species based on monocots and dicots but not supported by 18S rRNA. Nucleotide composition of the encoding genes showed that average GC%, GC1%, GC2% and GC3% were higher in monocots. RSCU analysis depicts that genes from monocots for both pathways and genes for synthesis pathway from dicots only biased to G/C-ending synonymous codons but in degradation pathway most optimal codons (except UUG) in dicots biased to A/U-ending synonymous codons. We found strong evidence of episodic diversifying selection at several amino acid sites in all genes investigated. Conserved domain and gene structures were observed for the genes with varying lengths of introns and exons, involved in Chl metabolism along with some intronless genes within synthesis pathway. ENc and correspondence analyses suggested the mutational or selection constraint on the genes to shape the codon usage. These comprehensive studies may be helpful in further research in molecular phylogenetics and genomics and to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of Chl metabolic pathway.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Begum
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Center of Excellence in Systems Biology and Biomedical Engineering (TEQIP Phase-II), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sunil Kanti Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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17
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A TMT-Based Quantitative Proteome Analysis to Elucidate the TSWV Induced Signaling Cascade in Susceptible and Resistant Cultivars of Solanum lycopersicum. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030290. [PMID: 32110948 PMCID: PMC7154910 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), transmitted by small insects known as thrips, is one of the major threats to tomato productivity across the globe. In addition to tomato, this virus infects more than 1000 other plants belonging to 85 families and is a cause of serious concern. Very little, however, is known about the molecular mechanism of TSWV induced signaling in plants. Here, we used a tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteome approach to investigate the protein profiles of tomato leaves of two cultivars (cv 2621 and 2689; susceptible and resistant to TSWV infection, respectively) following TSWV inoculation. This approach resulted in the identification of 5112 proteins of which 1022 showed significant changes in response to TSWV. While the proteome of resistant cultivar majorly remains unaltered, the proteome of susceptible cultivar showed distinct differences following TSWV inoculation. TSWV modulated proteins in tomato included those with functions previously implicated in plant defense including secondary metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling, calcium signaling and jasmonate biosynthesis, among others. Taken together, results reported here provide new insights into the TSWV induced signaling in tomato leaves and may be useful in the future to manage this deadly disease of plants.
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18
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Wang C, Zhang L, Li Y, Ali Buttar Z, Wang N, Xie Y, Wang C. Single Nucleotide Mutagenesis of the TaCHLI Gene Suppressed Chlorophyll and Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Common Wheat Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:97. [PMID: 32153608 PMCID: PMC7046076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Chlorophyll plays a vital role in plant development and crop improvement and further determines the crop productivity to a certain extent. The biosynthesis of chlorophyll remains a complex metabolic process, and fundamental biochemical discoveries have resulted from studies of plant mutants with altered leaf color. In this study, we identified a chlorophyll-deficiency mutant, referred to as chli, from the wheat cultivar Shaannong33 that exhibited an obvious pale-green leaf phenotype at the seedling stage, with significantly decreased accumulation of chlorophyll and its precursors, protoporphyrin IX and Mg-protoporphyrin IX. Interestingly, a higher protoporphyrin IX to Mg-protoporphyrin IX ratio was observed in chli. Lipid biosynthesis in chli leaves and seeds was also affected, with the mutant displaying significantly reduced total lipid content relative to Shaanong33. Genetic analysis indicated that the pale-green leaf phenotype was controlled by a single pair of recessive nuclear genes. Furthermore, sequence alignment revealed a single-nucleotide mutation (G664A) in the gene TraesCS7A01G480700.1, which encodes subunit I of the Mg-chelatase in plants. This single-nucleotide mutation resulted in an amino acid substitution (D221N) in the highly conserved domain of subunit I. As a result, mutant protein Tachli-7A lost the ability to interact with the normal protein TaCHLI-7A, as assessed by yeast two-hybrid assay. Meanwhile, Tachli-7A could not recover the chlorophyll deficiency phenotype of the Arabidopsis thaliana SALK_050029 mutant. Furthermore, we found that in Shaannong33, the protoporphyrin IX to Mg-protoporphyrin IX ratio was growth state-dependent and insensitive to environmental change. Overall, the mutation in Tachli-7A impaired the function of Mg-chelatase and blocked the conversion of protoporphyrin IX to Mg- protoporphyrin IX. Based on our results, the chli mutant represents a potentially useful resource for better understanding chlorophyll and lipid biosynthetic pathways in common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yingzhuang Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Na Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanzhou Xie
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chengshe Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism Underlying the Weakening of Carbon Metabolism in Chlorotic Tea Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123943. [PMID: 30544636 PMCID: PMC6321456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To uncover mechanism of highly weakened carbon metabolism in chlorotic tea (Camellia sinensis) plants, iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)-based proteomic analyses were employed to study the differences in protein expression profiles in chlorophyll-deficient and normal green leaves in the tea plant cultivar “Huangjinya”. A total of 2110 proteins were identified in “Huangjinya”, and 173 proteins showed differential accumulations between the chlorotic and normal green leaves. Of these, 19 proteins were correlated with RNA expression levels, based on integrated analyses of the transcriptome and proteome. Moreover, the results of our analysis of differentially expressed proteins suggested that primary carbon metabolism (i.e., carbohydrate synthesis and transport) was inhibited in chlorotic tea leaves. The differentially expressed genes and proteins combined with photosynthetic phenotypic data indicated that 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) showed a major effect on repressing flavonoid metabolism, and abnormal developmental chloroplast inhibited the accumulation of chlorophyll and flavonoids because few carbon skeletons were provided as a result of a weakened primary carbon metabolism. Additionally, a positive feedback mechanism was verified at the protein level (Mg chelatase and chlorophyll b reductase) in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, which might effectively promote the accumulation of chlorophyll b in response to the demand for this pigment in the cells of chlorotic tea leaves in weakened carbon metabolism.
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