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Gao J, Lu C, Wei Y, Xie Q, Jin J, Li J, Yang F, Zhu G. Phosphorylation of 399S at CsHsp70 of Cymbidium sinense is essential to maintain chlorophyll stability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108518. [PMID: 38744085 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The Chinese orchids symbolise nobility and gentility in China, and the variation of leaf color makes Cymbidium sinense more diversified and valuable. However, its color variations especially at the protein level still remain largely unexplored. In this study, the proteomics and phosphoproteomics of Cymbidium sinense leaf color variation mutants were studied. A total of 1059 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) and 1127 differentially abundant phosphorylation sites belonging to 644 phosphoproteins (DAPPs) were identified in the yellow section of leaf variegation mutant of Cymbidium sinense (MY) compared with the green section (MG). Moreover, 349 co-expressing proteins were found in both omics' datasets, while only 26 proteins showed the same expression patterns in the two omics. The interaction network analysis of kinases and phosphatases showed that DAPs and DAPPs in photosynthesis, response to hormones, pigment metabolic process, phosphorylation, glucose metabolic process, and dephosphorylation might contribute to leaf color variation. The abundance of 28 Hsps and 28 phosphorylation sites belonging to 10 Hsps showed significant differences between MG and MY. CsHsp70 was selected to explore the function in Cymbidium sinense leaf variegation. The results showed CsHsp70 is essential for maintaining photosynthetic pigment content and the 399S phosphorylation site is crucial to the function of CsHsp70. Collectively, our findings construct a comprehensive coverage of protein and protein phosphorylation in leaf variegation of C. sinense, providing valuable insights into its formation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chuqiao Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yonglu Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qi Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jianpeng Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Fengxi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Genfa Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Wang B, Xue P, Zhang Y, Zhan X, Wu W, Yu P, Chen D, Fu J, Hong Y, Shen X, Sun L, Cheng S, Liu Q, Cao L. OsCPK12 phosphorylates OsCATA and OsCATC to regulate H 2O 2 homeostasis and improve oxidative stress tolerance in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100780. [PMID: 38130060 PMCID: PMC10943579 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs), the best-characterized calcium sensors in plants, regulate many aspects of plant growth and development as well as plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, how CPKs regulate the antioxidant defense system remains largely unknown. We previously found that impaired function of OsCPK12 leads to oxidative stress in rice, with more H2O2, lower catalase (CAT) activity, and lower yield. Here, we explored the roles of OsCPK12 in oxidative stress tolerance in rice. Our results show that OsCPK12 interacts with and phosphorylates OsCATA and OsCATC at Ser11. Knockout of either OsCATA or OsCATC leads to an oxidative stress phenotype accompanied by higher accumulation of H2O2. Overexpression of the phosphomimetic proteins OsCATAS11D and OsCATCS11D in oscpk12-cr reduced the level of H2O2 accumulation. Moreover, OsCATAS11D and OsCATCS11D showed enhanced catalase activity in vivo and in vitro. OsCPK12-overexpressing plants exhibited higher CAT activity as well as higher tolerance to oxidative stress. Our findings demonstrate that OsCPK12 affects CAT enzyme activity by phosphorylating OsCATA and OsCATC at Ser11 to regulate H2O2 homeostasis, thereby mediating oxidative stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; Northern Rice Research Center of Bao Qing, Shuangyashan 155600, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Pao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Daibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Junlin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yongbo Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xihong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Lianping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; Northern Rice Research Center of Bao Qing, Shuangyashan 155600, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
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da Cruz TI, Rocha DC, Lanna AC, Dedicova B, Vianello RP, Brondani C. Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 ( OsCPK5) Overexpression in Upland Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) under Water Deficit. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3826. [PMID: 38005723 PMCID: PMC10674721 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit significantly affects global crop growth and productivity, particularly in water-limited environments, such as upland rice cultivation, reducing grain yield. Plants activate various defense mechanisms during water deficit, involving numerous genes and complex metabolic pathways. Exploring homologous genes that are linked to enhanced drought tolerance through the use of genomic data from model organisms can aid in the functional validation of target species. We evaluated the upland rice OsCPK5 gene, an A. thaliana AtCPK6 homolog, by overexpressing it in the BRSMG Curinga cultivar. Transformants were assessed using a semi-automated phenotyping platform under two irrigation conditions: regular watering, and water deficit applied 79 days after seeding, lasting 14 days, followed by irrigation at 80% field capacity. The physiological data and leaf samples were collected at reproductive stages R3, R6, and R8. The genetically modified (GM) plants consistently exhibited higher OsCPK5 gene expression levels across stages, peaking during grain filling, and displayed reduced stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate and increased water-use efficiency compared to non-GM (NGM) plants under drought. The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage under both irrigation conditions. Their drought susceptibility index was 0.9 times lower than that of NGM plants, and they maintained a higher chlorophyll a/b index, indicating sustained photosynthesis. The NGM plants under water deficit exhibited more leaf senescence, while the OsCPK5-overexpressing plants retained their green leaves. Overall, OsCPK5 overexpression induced diverse drought tolerance mechanisms, indicating the potential for future development of more drought-tolerant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Ignez da Cruz
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Anna Cristina Lanna
- Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás 75375-000, Brazil; (A.C.L.); (R.P.V.)
| | - Beata Dedicova
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sundsvägen 10, P.O. Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | | | - Claudio Brondani
- Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás 75375-000, Brazil; (A.C.L.); (R.P.V.)
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Chen C, Ma Y, Zuo L, Xiao Y, Jiang Y, Gao J. The CALCINEURIN B-LIKE 4/CBL-INTERACTING PROTEIN 3 module degrades repressor JAZ5 during rose petal senescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1605-1620. [PMID: 37403193 PMCID: PMC10517193 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Flower senescence is genetically regulated and developmentally controlled. The phytohormone ethylene induces flower senescence in rose (Rosa hybrida), but the underlying signaling network is not well understood. Given that calcium regulates senescence in animals and plants, we explored the role of calcium in petal senescence. Here, we report that the expression of calcineurin B-like protein 4 (RhCBL4), which encodes a calcium receptor, is induced by senescence and ethylene signaling in rose petals. RhCBL4 interacts with CBL-interacting protein kinase 3 (RhCIPK3), and both positively regulate petal senescence. Furthermore, we determined that RhCIPK3 interacts with the jasmonic acid response repressor jasmonate ZIM-domain 5 (RhJAZ5). RhCIPK3 phosphorylates RhJAZ5 and promotes its degradation in the presence of ethylene. Our results reveal that the RhCBL4-RhCIPK3-RhJAZ5 module mediates ethylene-regulated petal senescence. These findings provide insights into flower senescence, which may facilitate innovations in postharvest technology for extending rose flower longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanxing Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lanxin Zuo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunhe Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Hu CH, Li BB, Chen P, Shen HY, Xi WG, Zhang Y, Yue ZH, Wang HX, Ma KS, Li LL, Chen KM. Identification of CDPKs involved in TaNOX7 mediated ROS production in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1108622. [PMID: 36756230 PMCID: PMC9900008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the critical sensors and decoders of calcium signal, calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) has become the focus of current research, especially in plants. However, few resources are available on the properties and functions of CDPK gene family in Triticum aestivum (TaCDPK). Here, a total of 79 CDPK genes were identified in the wheat genome. These TaCDPKs could be classified into four subgroups on phylogenesis, while they may be classified into two subgroups based on their tissue and organ-spatiotemporal expression profiles or three subgroups according to their induced expression patterns. The analysis on the signal network relationships and interactions of TaCDPKs and NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, NOXs), the key producers for reactive oxygen species (ROS), showed that there are complicated cross-talks between these two family proteins. Further experiments demonstrate that, two members of TaCDPKs, TaCDPK2/4, can interact with TaNOX7, an important member of wheat NOXs, and enhanced the TaNOX7-mediated ROS production. All the results suggest that TaCDPKs are highly expressed in wheat with distinct tissue or organ-specificity and stress-inducible diversity, and play vital roles in plant development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses by directly interacting with TaNOXs for ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Hu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Shen
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Wei-Gang Xi
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Zong-Hao Yue
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Hong-Xing Wang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Ke-Shi Ma
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Li-Li Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Zhang C, Li N, Hu Z, Liu H, Hu Y, Tan Y, Sun Q, Liu X, Xiao L, Wang W, Wang R. Mutation of Leaf Senescence 1 Encoding a C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein Induces ROS Accumulation and Accelerates Leaf Senescence in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214464. [PMID: 36430940 PMCID: PMC9696409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature senescence of leaves causes a reduced yield and quality of rice by affecting plant growth and development. The regulatory mechanisms underlying early leaf senescence are still unclear. The Leaf senescence 1 (LS1) gene encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein that is localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. In this study, we constructed a rice mutant named leaf senescence 1 (ls1) with a premature leaf senescence phenotype using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the LS1 gene. The ls1 mutants exhibited premature leaf senescence and reduced chlorophyll content. The expression levels of LS1 were higher in mature or senescent leaves than that in young leaves. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased and catalase (CAT) activity was remarkably reduced in the ls1 plants. Furthermore, a faster decrease in pigment content was detected in mutants than that in WT upon induction of complete darkness. TUNEL and staining experiments indicated severe DNA degradation and programmed cell death in the ls1 mutants, which suggested that excessive ROS may lead to leaf senescence and cell death in ls1 plants. Additionally, an RT-qPCR analysis revealed that most senescence-associated and ROS-scavenging genes were upregulated in the ls1 mutants compared with the WT. Collectively, our findings revealed that LS1 might regulate leaf development and function, and that disruption of LS1 function promotes ROS accumulation and accelerates leaf senescence and cell death in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhongxiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuanyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yanning Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiqin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Ruozhong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (R.W.)
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Yue JY, Jiao JL, Wang WW, Wang HZ. The Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase TaCDPK27 Positively Regulates Salt Tolerance in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137341. [PMID: 35806346 PMCID: PMC9266408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As essential calcium ion (Ca2+) sensors in plants, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) function in regulating the environmental adaptation of plants. However, the response mechanism of CDPKs to salt stress is not well understood. In the current study, the wheat salt-responsive gene TaCDPK27 was identified. The open reading frame (ORF) of TaCDPK27 was 1875 bp, coding 624 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight and isoelectric point were 68.905 kDa and 5.6, respectively. TaCDPK27 has the closest relationship with subgroup III members of the CDPK family of rice. Increased expression of TaCDPK27 in wheat seedling roots and leaves was triggered by 150 mM NaCl treatment. TaCDPK27 was mainly located in the cytoplasm. After NaCl treatment, some of this protein was transferred to the membrane. The inhibitory effect of TaCDPK27 silencing on the growth of wheat seedlings was slight. After exposure to 150 mM NaCl for 6 days, the NaCl stress tolerance of TaCDPK27-silenced wheat seedlings was reduced, with shorter lengths of both roots and leaves compared with those of the control seedlings. Moreover, silencing of TaCDPK27 further promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT); aggravated the injury to photosystem II (PS II); and increased programmed cell death (PCD) in wheat leaves under NaCl treatment, confirming that the TaCDPK27-silenced seedlings exhibited more NaCl injury than control seedlings. Taken together, the decrease in NaCl tolerance in TaCDPK27-silenced seedlings was due to excessive ROS accumulation and subsequent aggravation of the NaCl-induced PCD. TaCDPK27 may be essential for positively regulating salt tolerance in wheat seedlings.
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Yang F, Miao Y, Liu Y, Botella JR, Li W, Li K, Song CP. Function of Protein Kinases in Leaf Senescence of Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:864215. [PMID: 35548290 PMCID: PMC9083415 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.864215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an evolutionarily acquired process and it is critical for plant fitness. During senescence, macromolecules and nutrients are disassembled and relocated to actively growing organs. Plant leaf senescence process can be triggered by developmental cues and environmental factors, proper regulation of this process is essential to improve crop yield. Protein kinases are enzymes that modify their substrates activities by changing the conformation, stability, and localization of those proteins, to play a crucial role in the leaf senescence process. Impressive progress has been made in understanding the role of different protein kinases in leaf senescence recently. This review focuses on the recent progresses in plant leaf senescence-related kinases. We summarize the current understanding of the function of kinases on senescence signal perception and transduction, to help us better understand how the orderly senescence degeneration process is regulated by kinases, and how the kinase functions in the intricate integration of environmental signals and leaf age information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jose R. Botella
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Weiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Grossi CEM, Santin F, Quintana SA, Fantino E, Ulloa RM. Calcium-dependent protein kinase 2 plays a positive role in the salt stress response in potato. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:535-548. [PMID: 33651205 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
StCDPK2 is an early player in the salt stress response in potato plants; its overexpression promoted ROS scavenging, chlorophyll stability, and the induction of stress-responsive genes conferring tolerance to salinity. The salinity of soils affects plant development and is responsible for great losses in crop yields. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are sensor-transducers that decode Ca2+ signatures triggered by abiotic stimuli and translate them into physiological responses. Histochemical analyses of potato plants harboring StCDPK2 promoter fused to the reporter gene β-glucuronidase (ProStCDPK2:GUS) revealed that GUS activity was high in the leaf blade and veins, it was restricted to root tips and lateral root primordia, and was observed upon stolon swelling. Comparison with ProStCDPK1:GUS and ProStCDPK3:GUS plants revealed their differential activities in the plant tissues. ProStCDPK2:GUS plants exposed to high salt presented enhanced GUS activity in roots which correlated with the numerous stress-responsive sites predicted in its promoter sequence. Moreover, StCDPK2 expression increased in in vitro potato plants after 2 h of high salt exposure and in greenhouse plants exposed to a dynamic stress condition. As inferred from biometric data and chlorophyll content, plants that overexpress StCDPK2 were more tolerant than wild-type plants when exposed to high salt. Overexpressing plants have a more efficient antioxidant system; they showed reduced accumulation of peroxide and higher catalase activity under salt conditions, and enhanced expression of WRKY6 and ERF5 transcription factors under control conditions. Our results indicate that StCDPK2 is an early player in the salt stress response and support a positive correlation between StCDPK2 overexpression and tolerance towards salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Eugenia María Grossi
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Santin
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (IBODA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silverio Andrés Quintana
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Elisa Fantino
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sur le Métabolisme Spécialisé Végétal, Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Rita María Ulloa
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Yao J, Li R, Cheng Y, Li Z. A combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of chrysanthemum provides new insights into petal senescence. PLANTA 2021; 255:22. [PMID: 34918180 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous transcription factor genes and methylation-related genes were differentially expressed in senescent petals compared with control petals. Studying petal senescence is crucial for extending the postharvest longevity of cut flowers, but petal senescence remains relatively unexplored compared to well-studied leaf senescence. In this study, a combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of senescent (22 days after cutting) and control (0 day after cutting) petals was performed to investigate the molecular processes underlying petal senescence of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), an important cut flower crop worldwide. A total of 11,324 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 4888 up-regulated and 6436 down-regulated genes, and 403 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 210 up-regulated and 193 down-regulated proteins, were identified at transcript and protein levels, respectively. A cross-comparison of transcriptomic and proteomic data identified 257 consistent DEGs/DEPs, including 122 up-regulated and 135 down-regulated DEGs/DEPs. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that "cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis" is a main pathway for both DEGs and DEPs, especially for down-regulated DEGs/DEPs. Functional analysis indicated that chrysanthemum genes mainly encoding putative cytochrome P450s, non-specific lipid-transfer proteins, subtilisin-like proteases, AAA-ATPases, proteins essential for cuticular wax biosynthesis, and proteins in hormone signal transduction or ubiquitination were differentially expressed at both transcript and protein levels. In addition, numerous transcription factor genes and methylation-related genes were also differentially expressed, inferring an involvement of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in petal senescence. These results provide a valuable resource of studying chrysanthemum senescence and significant insights into petal senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanni Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yulin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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11
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Lin F, Letuma P, Li Z, Lin S, Rensing C, Lin W. Rhizospheric pathogen proliferation and ROS production are associated with premature senescence of the osvha-a1 rice mutant. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7247-7263. [PMID: 34297101 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root-pathogen interactions influence premature senescence in rice, however, few studies have addressed the underlying mechanism. In this study, when premature senescence significantly occurred in the osvha-a1 mutant (loss of tonoplast H+-ATPase activity), the relative abundance of rhizospheric bacterial communities was similar between the mutant and its wild type, while the fungi in the rhizosphere of the osvha-a1 mutant significantly differed from the wild type. Furthermore, one key fungal strain in the rhizospheric soil of the osvha-a1 mutant, Gibberella intermedia, increased substantially during the late growing phase, resulting in severe accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By contrast, the wild type showed much lower levels of ROS when infected by G. intermedia. Using high performance liquid chromatography, sugars in root exudates were identified to be different between osvha-a1 mutant and the wild type. G. intermedia could use mannose and rhamnose in root exudates from the mutant more efficiently than any other sugar. Finally, antagonistic bacteria could be employed for limiting the proliferation of G. intermedia in the rhizosphere, thereby alleviating the early senescent phenotypes of the osvha-a1 mutant, and improving grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Puleng Letuma
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho
| | - Zhaowei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Huang X, Zhang H, Wang Q, Guo R, Wei L, Song H, Kuang W, Liao J, Huang Y, Wang Z. Genome-wide identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs involved in flag leaf senescence of rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:655-684. [PMID: 33569692 PMCID: PMC7985109 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This study showed the systematic identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involving in flag leaf senescence of rice, providing the possible lncRNA-mRNA regulatory relationships and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks during leaf senescence. LncRNAs have been reported to play crucial roles in diverse biological processes. However, no systematic identification of lncRNAs associated with leaf senescence in plants has been studied. In this study, a genome-wide high throughput sequencing analysis was performed using rice flag leaves developing from normal to senescence. A total of 3953 lncRNAs and 38757 mRNAs were identified, of which 343 lncRNAs and 9412 mRNAs were differentially expressed. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), 22 continuously down-expressed lncRNAs targeting 812 co-expressed mRNAs and 48 continuously up-expressed lncRNAs targeting 1209 co-expressed mRNAs were considered to be significantly associated with flag leaf senescence. Gene Ontology results suggested that the senescence-associated lncRNAs targeted mRNAs involving in many biological processes, including transcription, hormone response, oxidation-reduction process and substance metabolism. Additionally, 43 senescence-associated lncRNAs were predicted to target 111 co-expressed transcription factors. Interestingly, 8 down-expressed lncRNAs and 29 up-expressed lncRNAs were found to separately target 12 and 20 well-studied senescence-associated genes (SAGs). Furthermore, analysis on the competing endogenous RNA (CeRNA) network revealed that 6 down-expressed lncRNAs possibly regulated 51 co-expressed mRNAs through 15 miRNAs, and 14 up-expressed lncRNAs possibly regulated 117 co-expressed mRNAs through 21 miRNAs. Importantly, by expression validation, a conserved miR164-NAC regulatory pathway was found to be possibly involved in leaf senescence, where lncRNA MSTRG.62092.1 may serve as a ceRNA binding with miR164a and miR164e to regulate three transcription factors. And two key lncRNAs MSTRG.31014.21 and MSTRG.31014.36 also could regulate the abscisic-acid biosynthetic gene BGIOSGA025169 (OsNCED4) and BGIOSGA016313 (NAC family) through osa-miR5809. The possible regulation networks of lncRNAs involving in leaf senescence were discussed, and several candidate lncRNAs were recommended for prior transgenic analysis. These findings will extend the understanding on the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in leaf senescence, and lay a foundation for functional research on candidate lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang City, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang City, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang City, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang City, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lingxia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang City, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang City, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Weigang Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianglin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang City, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang City, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Zhaohai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang City, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China.
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Li L, He Y, Zhang Z, Shi Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Wu JL, Tang S. OsNAC109 regulates senescence, growth and development by altering the expression of senescence- and phytohormone-associated genes in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:637-654. [PMID: 33543390 PMCID: PMC7985107 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that OsNAC109 regulates senescence, growth and development via binding to the cis-element CNTCSSNNSCAVG and altering the expression of multiple senescence- and hormone-associated genes in rice. The NAC family is one of the largest transcripton factor families in plants and plays an essential role in plant development, leaf senescence and responses to biotic/abiotic stresses through modulating the expression of numerous genes. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel yellow leaf 3 (yl3) mutant exhibiting arrested-growth, increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased level of soluble proteins, increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced activities of ROS scavenging enzymes, altered expression of photosynthesis and senescence/hormone-associated genes. The yellow leaf and arrested-growth trait was controlled by a single recessive gene located to chromosome 9. A single nucleotide substitution was detected in the mutant allele leading to premature termination of its coding protein. Genetic complementation could rescue the mutant phenotype while the YL3 knockout lines displayed similar phenotype to WT. YL3 was expressed in all tissues tested and predicted to encode a transcriptional factor OsNAC109 which localizes to the nucleus. It was confirmed that OsNAC109 could directly regulate the expression of OsNAP, OsNYC3, OsEATB, OsAMTR1, OsZFP185, OsMPS and OsGA2ox3 by targeting to the highly conserved cis-element CNTCSSNNSCAVG except OsSAMS1. Our results demonstrated that OsNAC109 is essential to rice leaf senescence, growth and development through regulating the expression of senescence- and phytohormone-associated genes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yongfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jian-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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14
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Xiong E, Li Z, Zhang C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Peng T, Chen Z, Zhao Q. A study of leaf-senescence genes in rice based on a combination of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5998850. [PMID: 33257942 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a highly complex, genetically regulated and well-ordered process with multiple layers and pathways. Delaying leaf senescence would help increase grain yields in rice. Over the past 15 years, more than 100 rice leaf-senescence genes have been cloned, greatly improving the understanding of leaf senescence in rice. Systematically elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf senescence will provide breeders with new tools/options for improving many important agronomic traits. In this study, we summarized recent reports on 125 rice leaf-senescence genes, providing an overview of the research progress in this field by analyzing the subcellular localizations, molecular functions and the relationship of them. These data showed that chlorophyll synthesis and degradation, chloroplast development, abscisic acid pathway, jasmonic acid pathway, nitrogen assimilation and ROS play an important role in regulating the leaf senescence in rice. Furthermore, we predicted and analyzed the proteins that interact with leaf-senescence proteins and achieved a more profound understanding of the molecular principles underlying the regulatory mechanisms by which leaf senescence occurs, thus providing new insights for future investigations of leaf senescence in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhui Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University (HAU), China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ye Liu
- College of Agriculture, HAU
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15
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Formyl tetrahydrofolate deformylase affects hydrogen peroxide accumulation and leaf senescence by regulating the folate status and redox homeostasis in rice. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:720-738. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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He Y, Shi Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Wang H, Li L, Zhang Z, Shang H, Wang Z, Wu JL. The OsABCI7 Transporter Interacts with OsHCF222 to Stabilize the Thylakoid Membrane in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:283-299. [PMID: 32661060 PMCID: PMC7479889 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The thylakoid membrane is a highly complex membrane system in plants and plays crucial roles in the biogenesis of the photosynthetic apparatus and plant development. However, the genetic factors involved in chloroplast development and its relationship with intracellular metabolites are largely unknown. Here, a rice (Oryza sativa) chlorotic and necrotic leaf1 (cnl1) mutant was identified and map-based cloning revealed that a single base substitution followed by a 6-bp deletion in the ATP-binding cassette transporter I family member7 (OsABCI7) resulted in chlorotic and necrotic leaves with thylakoid membrane degradation, chlorophyll breakdown, photosynthesis impairment, and cell death in cnl1 Furthermore, the expression of OsABCI7 was inducible under lower temperatures, which severely affected cnl1 chloroplast development, and etiolated cnl1 seedlings were unable to recover to a normal green state under light conditions. Functional complementation and overexpression showed that OsABCI7 could rescue the cnl1 chlorotic and necrotic phenotype. OsABCI7 interacted with HIGH CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE222 (OsHCF222) to regulate cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis for thylakoid membrane stability. OsABCI7 localized to thylakoid membranes, while OsHCF222 targeted to endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid eased the yellowish leaf phenotype by increasing chlorophyll content and alleviating ROS stress in cnl1 Unlike cnl1, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated OsHCF222 knockout lines showed chlorotic leaves but were seedling lethal. Our results provide insight into the functions of ABC transporters in rice, especially within the relationship between ROS homeostasis and stability of thylakoid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yongfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Liangjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Huihui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhonghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jian-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
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17
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Yang S, Fang G, Zhang A, Ruan B, Jiang H, Ding S, Liu C, Zhang Y, Jaha N, Hu P, Xu Z, Gao Z, Wang J, Qian Q. Rice EARLY SENESCENCE 2, encoding an inositol polyphosphate kinase, is involved in leaf senescence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:393. [PMID: 32847519 PMCID: PMC7449006 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early leaf senescence influences yield and yield quality by affecting plant growth and development. A series of leaf senescence-associated molecular mechanisms have been reported in rice. However, the complex genetic regulatory networks that control leaf senescence need to be elucidated. RESULTS In this study, an early senescence 2 (es2) mutant was obtained from ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis (EMS)-induced mutational library for the Japonica rice cultivar Wuyugeng 7 (WYG7). Leaves of es2 showed early senescence at the seedling stage and became severe at the tillering stage. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increased, while chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, catalase (CAT) activity significantly decreased in the es2 mutant. Moreover, genes which related to senescence, ROS and chlorophyll degradation were up-regulated, while those associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis were down-regulated in es2 mutant compared to WYG7. The ES2 gene, which encodes an inositol polyphosphate kinase (OsIPK2), was fine mapped to a 116.73-kb region on chromosome 2. DNA sequencing of ES2 in the mutant revealed a missense mutation, ES2 was localized to nucleus and plasma membrane of cells, and expressed in various tissues of rice. Complementation test and overexpression experiment confirmed that ES2 completely restored the normal phenotype, with chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rate increased comparable with the wild type. These results reveal the new role of OsIPK2 in regulating leaf senescence in rice and therefore will provide additional genetic evidence on the molecular mechanisms controlling early leaf senescence. CONCLUSIONS The ES2 gene, encoding an inositol polyphosphate kinase localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane of cells, is essential for leaf senescence in rice. Further study of ES2 will facilitate the dissection of the genetic mechanisms underlying early leaf senescence and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guonan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Anpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Banpu Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Noushin Jaha
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Kong W, Wang L, Cao P, Li X, Ji J, Dong P, Yan X, Wang C, Wang H, Sun J. Identification and genetic analysis of EMS-mutagenized wheat mutants conferring lesion-mimic premature aging. BMC Genet 2020; 21:88. [PMID: 32807077 PMCID: PMC7430028 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesion-mimic and premature aging (lmpa) mutant lmpa1 was identified from the ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutant library in the bread wheat variety Keda 527 (KD527) background. To reveal the genetic basis of lmpa1 mutant, phenotypic observations and analyses of chlorophyll content and photosynthesis were carried out in lmpa1, KD527 and their F1 and F2 derivatives. Further, bulked segregation analysis (BSA) in combination with a 660 K SNP array were conducted on the F2 segregation population of lmpa1/Chinese spring (CS) to locate the lmpa1 gene. RESULTS Most agronomic traits of lmpa1 were similar to those of KD527 before lesion-like spots appeared. Genetic analysis indicated that the F1 plants from the crossing of lmpa1 and KD527 exhibited the lmpa phenotype and the F2 progenies showed a segregation of normal (wild type, WT) and lmpa, with the ratios of lmpa: WT = 124:36(χ2 = 1.008 < =3.841), indicating that lmpa is a dominant mutation. The combination of BSA and the SNP array analysis of CS, lmpa1 and lmpa1/CS F2 WT pool (50 plants) and lmpa pool (50 plants) showed that polymorphic SNPs were enriched on chromosome 5A, within a region of 30-40 Mb, indicating that the wheat premature aging gene Lmpa1 was probably located on the short arm of chromosome 5A. CONCLUSIONS EMS-mutagenized mutant lmpa1 deriving from elite wheat line KD527 conferred lmpa. Lmpa phenotype of lmpa1 mutant is controlled by a single dominant allele designated as Lmpa1, which affected wheat growth and development and reduced the thousand grain weight (tgw) of single plant in wheat. The gene Lmpa1 was tentatively located within the region of 30-40 Mb near to the short arm of chromosome 5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Kong
- Agronomy College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Agronomy College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.
| | - Pei Cao
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10093, China
| | - Xingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultrual University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Agronomy College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Puhui Dong
- Agronomy College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Xuefang Yan
- Agronomy College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Chunping Wang
- Agronomy College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultrual University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10081, China.
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Rani MH, Liu Q, Yu N, Zhang Y, Wang B, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Islam MA, Zegeye WA, Cao L, Cheng S. ES5 is involved in the regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis and impacts on early senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:501-515. [PMID: 31919641 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00961-964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence, which affects plant growth and yield in rice, is an ideal target for crop improvement and remarkable advances have been made to identify the mechanism underlying this process. We have characterized an early senile mutant es5 (early leaf senescence 5) in rice exhibiting leaf yellowing phenotype after the 4-leaf stage. This phenotype was confirmed by the higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the disintegration of chloroplasts, reduction in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate and up-regulation of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) like Osh36, OsI57, and OsI85. Positional cloning revealed that the es5 phenotype is the result of one base substitution in ES5, encoding phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS) family protein, which is involved in the base-exchange type reaction to synthesize the minor membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine. Functional complementation of ES5 in the es5 plants completely restored the wild-type phenotype. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis showed that es5 plants had increased levels of phosphatidylserine (PS) and decreased level of phosphatidylcholine (PC). These results provide evidence about the role of PS in rice leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasanuzzaman Rani
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongrun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Md Anowerul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Workie Anley Zegeye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Rani MH, Liu Q, Yu N, Zhang Y, Wang B, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Islam MA, Zegeye WA, Cao L, Cheng S. ES5 is involved in the regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis and impacts on early senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:501-515. [PMID: 31919641 PMCID: PMC7026238 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence, which affects plant growth and yield in rice, is an ideal target for crop improvement and remarkable advances have been made to identify the mechanism underlying this process. We have characterized an early senile mutant es5 (early leaf senescence 5) in rice exhibiting leaf yellowing phenotype after the 4-leaf stage. This phenotype was confirmed by the higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the disintegration of chloroplasts, reduction in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate and up-regulation of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) like Osh36, OsI57, and OsI85. Positional cloning revealed that the es5 phenotype is the result of one base substitution in ES5, encoding phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS) family protein, which is involved in the base-exchange type reaction to synthesize the minor membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine. Functional complementation of ES5 in the es5 plants completely restored the wild-type phenotype. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis showed that es5 plants had increased levels of phosphatidylserine (PS) and decreased level of phosphatidylcholine (PC). These results provide evidence about the role of PS in rice leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasanuzzaman Rani
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongrun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Md Anowerul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Workie Anley Zegeye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Atif RM, Shahid L, Waqas M, Ali B, Rashid MAR, Azeem F, Nawaz MA, Wani SH, Chung G. Insights on Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CPKs) Signaling for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5298. [PMID: 31653073 PMCID: PMC6862689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are the major limiting factors influencing the growth and productivity of plants species. To combat these stresses, plants can modify numerous physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes through cellular and subcellular signaling pathways. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs or CPKs) are the unique and key calcium-binding proteins, which act as a sensor for the increase and decrease in the calcium (Ca) concentrations. These Ca flux signals are decrypted and interpreted into the phosphorylation events, which are crucial for signal transduction processes. Several functional and expression studies of different CPKs and their encoding genes validated their versatile role for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. CPKs are indispensable for modulating abiotic stress tolerance through activation and regulation of several genes, transcription factors, enzymes, and ion channels. CPKs have been involved in supporting plant adaptation under drought, salinity, and heat and cold stress environments. Diverse functions of plant CPKs have been reported against various abiotic stresses in numerous research studies. In this review, we have described the evaluated functions of plant CPKs against various abiotic stresses and their role in stress response signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Muhammad Atif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Luqman Shahid
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Babar Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China.
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Education Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190001, India.
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 59626, Korea.
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