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Hamza HM, Diab RH, Khatab IA, Gaafar RM, Elhiti M. Enhancing in vitro regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and Fusarium wilt resistance of Egyptian cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100360. [PMID: 38494244 PMCID: PMC10904196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2024.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic embryogenesis offers a reliable method for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) regeneration and genetic enhancement against Fusarium wilt. This study aimed to establish a tailored somatic embryogenesis system for Egyptian cultivars, fostering genetic improvements and Fusarium wilt-resistance lines. RESULTS Employing the Optimal Arbitrary Design (OAD) approach, we optimized the induction medium, initiating prolific embryogenic calli (53.3 %) at 1 mg/L 2,4-D. The cotyledonary leaf (CL) was the preferred explant, showing 60 % embryogenic callus development. Bieth Alpha exhibited higher responsiveness, generating ∼ 18 somatic embryos per explant compared to Prince's ∼ 10. Somatic embryogenesis system validation used quantitative RT-PCR, showing Cucumis sativus splicing factor 3B subunit (CUS1) and an embryogenesis marker gene expression exclusively within embryogenic calli and mainly during embryogenesis initiation. Evaluating fungal toxin filtrate concentrations for selecting embryogenic calli, the S2 selection (25 % filtrate, four subculture cycles) was chosen for somatic embryo development. To gauge the ramifications of selection at the genetic stratum, an in-depth analysis was executed. A cluster analysis grounded in ISSR banding patterns revealed a distinct separation between in vivo-cultivated plants of the two cultivars and regenerated plants devoid of pathogen filtrate treatment or those regenerated post-filtrate treatment. This segregation distinctly underscores the discernible genetic impact of the selection process. CONCLUSIONS The highest embryogenic capacity (53.3%) was achieved in this study by optimizing the induction stage, which demonstrated the optimal concentrations of BA and 2,4-D for induced proembryonic masses. Moreover, consistent gene expression throughout both stages of embryogenesis suggests that our system unequivocally follows the somatic embryogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy M Hamza
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Rana H Diab
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ismael A Khatab
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Egypt
| | - Reda M Gaafar
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Elhiti
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
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Awon VK, Dutta D, Banerjee S, Pal S, Gangopadhyay G. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis highlight key pathways involved in the somatic embryogenesis of Darjeeling tea. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:207. [PMID: 38395740 PMCID: PMC10893738 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Darjeeling tea is a globally renowned beverage, which faces numerous obstacles in sexual reproduction, such as self-incompatibility, poor seed germination, and viability, as well as issues with vegetative propagation. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a valuable method for rapid clonal propagation of Darjeeling tea. However, the metabolic regulatory mechanisms underlying SE in Darjeeling tea remain largely unknown. To address this, we conducted an integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis of embryogenic callus (EC), globular embryo (GE), and heart-shaped embryo (HE). RESULTS The integrated analyses showed that various genes and metabolites involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway, auxin biosynthesis pathway, gibberellin, brassinosteroid and amino acids biosynthesis pathways were differentially enriched in EC, GE, and HE. Our results revealed that despite highly up-regulated auxin biosynthesis genes YUC1, TAR1 and AAO1 in EC, endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was significantly lower in EC than GE and HE. However, bioactive Gibberellin A4 displayed higher accumulation in EC. We also found higher BABY BOOM (BBM) and Leafy cotyledon1 (LEC1) gene expression in GE along with high accumulation of castasterone, a brassinosteroid. Total flavonoids and phenolics levels were elevated in GE and HE compared to EC, especially the phenolic compound chlorogenic acid was highly accumulated in GE. CONCLUSIONS Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis revealed enriched metabolic pathways, including auxin biosynthesis and signal transduction, brassinosteroid, gibberellin, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, amino acids metabolism, and transcription factors (TFs) during SE in Darjeeling tea. Notably, EC displayed lower endogenous IAA levels, conducive to maintaining differentiation, while higher IAA concentration in GE and HE was crucial for preserving embryo identity. Additionally, a negative correlation between bioactive gibberellin A4 (GA4) and IAA was observed, impacting callus growth in EC. The high accumulation of chlorogenic acid, a phenolic compound, might contribute to the low success rate in GE and HE formation in Darjeeling tea. TFs such as BBM1, LEC1, FUS3, LEA, WOX3, and WOX11 appeared to regulate gene expression, influencing SE in Darjeeling tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Awon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, EN80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Debabrata Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, EN80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Saptadipa Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, EN80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Soumili Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, EN80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Gaurab Gangopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, EN80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India.
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Ballesteros D, Martínez MT, Sánchez-Romero C, Montalbán IA, Sales E, Moncaleán P, Arrillaga I, Corredoira E. Current status of the cryopreservation of embryogenic material of woody species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1337152. [PMID: 38298606 PMCID: PMC10828030 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1337152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Cryopreservation, or the storage at liquid nitrogen temperatures (-196°C), of embryogenic cells or somatic embryos allows their long-term conservation without loss of their embryogenic capacity. During the last decade, protocols for cryopreservation of embryogenic material of woody species have been increasing in number and importance. However, despite the large experimental evidence proved in thousands of embryogenic lines, the application for the large-scale conservation of embryogenic material in cryobanks is still limited. Cryopreservation facilitates the management of embryogenic lines, reducing costs and time spent on their maintenance, thus limiting the risk of the appearance of somaclonal variation or contamination. Somatic embryogenesis in combination with cryopreservation is especially useful to preserve the juvenility of lines while the corresponding clones are being field-tested. Hence, when tree performance has been evaluated, selected varieties can be propagated from the cryostock. The traditional method of slow cooling or techniques based on vitrification are mostly applied procedures. For example, slow cooling methods are widely applied to conserve embryogenic lines of conifers. Desiccation based procedures, although simpler, have been applied in a smaller number of species. Genetic stability of the cryopreserved material is supported by multiloci PCR-derived markers in most of the assayed species, whereas DNA methylation status assays showed that cryopreservation might induce some changes that were also observed after prolonged subculture of the embryogenic lines. This article reviews the cryopreservation of embryogenic cultures in conifers, fruit species, deciduous forest species and palms, including a description of the different cryopreservation procedures and the analysis of their genetic stability after storage in liquid nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ballesteros
- Departamento de Botánica y Geología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom
| | - María Teresa Martínez
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Sede Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Ester Sales
- Dpto. Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio natural, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Huesca, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Arrillaga
- Institut Biotec/Med, Dpto Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Corredoira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Sede Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Meira FS, Ribeiro DG, de Campos SS, Falcão LL, Gomes ACMM, de Alencar Dusi DM, Marcellino LH, Mehta A, Scherwinski-Pereira JE. Differential expression of genes potentially related to the callogenesis and in situ hybridization of SERK gene in macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:89-101. [PMID: 37482557 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of understanding the molecular processes triggered during callus formation in macaw palm, the expression of seven genes potentially involved in this process, identified in previous studies and from the literature, was investigated by RT-qPCR. In addition, in situ hybridization of the SERK gene was performed. Leaf tissues from adult plants from two macaw palm accession were inoculated in a medium combined with Picloram at a concentration of 450 μM to induce callus. The expression analysis was performed from leaf samples from two accessions of different origins (Municipalities of Tiros, MG, and Buriti Vermelho, DF, Brazil), which are characterized as non-responsive (NR) and responsive (R), respectively. The material was collected before callus induction (0 DAI, initial day) and 120 days after callus induction (120 DAI). Genes related to development (SERK, OASA, EF1, ANN1) and stress (LEA, CAT2, and MDAR5) were evaluated. The results obtained showed that all the genes involved with the development had their expressions downregulated at 0 DAI when the accession R was compared with the accession NR. On the other hand, it was possible to observe that these genes were upregulated at 120 DAI. The LEA stress gene showed a tendency to increase expression in the NR accession, while the R accession showed decreased expression and the CAT2 and MDAR5 genes showed upregulation in both accessions. In situ hybridization showed SERK transcripts in the vascular bundles, indicating the expression of SERK in this region, in addition to its expression in calluses. The results obtained in this study support our hypothesis that the regulation of genes involved in the control of oxidative stress and development is crucial for the formation of calluses in macaw palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Sathler Meira
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Daiane Gonzaga Ribeiro
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Samanta Siqueira de Campos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Horticultura e Silvicultura, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Loeni Ludke Falcão
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Brasília, 70770-917, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucilia Helena Marcellino
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Brasília, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Brasília, 70770-917, Brazil
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Ramakrishnan M, Zhou M, Ceasar SA, Ali DJ, Maharajan T, Vinod KK, Sharma A, Ahmad Z, Wei Q. Epigenetic modifications and miRNAs determine the transition of somatic cells into somatic embryos. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1845-1873. [PMID: 37792027 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This review discusses the epigenetic changes during somatic embryo (SE) development, highlights the genes and miRNAs involved in the transition of somatic cells into SEs as a result of epigenetic changes, and draws insights on biotechnological opportunities to study SE development. Somatic embryogenesis from somatic cells occurs in a series of steps. The transition of somatic cells into somatic embryos (SEs) is the most critical step under genetic and epigenetic regulations. Major regulatory genes such as SERK, WUS, BBM, FUS3/FUSA3, AGL15, and PKL, control SE steps and development by turning on and off other regulatory genes. Gene transcription profiles of somatic cells during SE development is the result of epigenetic changes, such as DNA and histone protein modifications, that control and decide the fate of SE formation. Depending on the type of somatic cells and the treatment with plant growth regulators, epigenetic changes take place dynamically. Either hypermethylation or hypomethylation of SE-related genes promotes the transition of somatic cells. For example, the reduced levels of DNA methylation of SERK and WUS promotes SE initiation. Histone modifications also promote SE induction by regulating SE-related genes in somatic cells. In addition, miRNAs contribute to the various stages of SE by regulating the expression of auxin signaling pathway genes (TIR1, AFB2, ARF6, and ARF8), transcription factors (CUC1 and CUC2), and growth-regulating factors (GRFs) involved in SE formation. These epigenetic and miRNA functions are unique and have the potential to regenerate bipolar structures from somatic cells when a pluripotent state is induced. However, an integrated overview of the key regulators involved in SE development and downstream processes is lacking. Therefore, this review discusses epigenetic modifications involved in SE development, SE-related genes and miRNAs associated with epigenetics, and common cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of SE-related genes. Finally, we highlight future biotechnological opportunities to alter epigenetic pathways using the genome editing tool and to study the transition mechanism of somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration On Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingbing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kalamassery, Kochi, 683104, Kerala, India
| | - Doulathunnisa Jaffar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Theivanayagam Maharajan
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kalamassery, Kochi, 683104, Kerala, India
| | | | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zishan Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration On Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration On Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Lu L, Holt A, Chen X, Liu Y, Knauer S, Tucker EJ, Sarkar AK, Hao Z, Roodbarkelari F, Shi J, Chen J, Laux T. miR394 enhances WUSCHEL-induced somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1059-1072. [PMID: 36751948 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many plant species can give rise to embryos from somatic cells after a simple hormone treatment, illustrating the remarkable developmental plasticity of differentiated plant cells. However, many species are recalcitrant to somatic embryo formation for unknown reasons, which poses a significant challenge to agriculture, where somatic embryogenesis is an important tool to propagate desired genotypes. The micro-RNA394 (miR394) promotes shoot meristem maintenance in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. We analyzed whether miR394 affects indirect somatic embryogenesis and determined the transcriptome of embryogenic callus upon miR394-enhanced somatic embryogenesis. We show that ectopic miR394 expression enhances somatic embryogenesis in the recalcitrant Ler accession when co-expressed with the transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) and that miR394 acts in this process through silencing the target LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS (LCR). Furthermore, we show that higher endogenous miR394 levels are required for the elevated embryogenic potential of the Columbia accession compared with Ler, providing a mechanistic explanation for this natural variation. Our transcriptional analysis provides a framework for miR394 function in regulating pluripotency by expanding WUS-mediated direct transcriptional repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Holt
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xinying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Steffen Knauer
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elise J Tucker
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ananda Kumar Sarkar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Farshad Roodbarkelari
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Thomas Laux
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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Mira MM, Day S, Ibrahim S, Hill RD, Stasolla C. The Arabidopsis Phytoglobin 2 mediates phytochrome B (phyB) light signaling responses during somatic embryogenesis. PLANTA 2023; 257:88. [PMID: 36976396 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During the light induction of somatic embryogenesis, phyB-Pfr suppresses Phytoglobin 2, known to elevate nitric oxide (NO). NO depresses Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4 (PIF4) relieving its inhibition on embryogenesis through auxin. An obligatory step of many in vitro embryogenic systems is the somatic-embryogenic transition culminating with the formation of the embryogenic tissue. In Arabidopsis, this transition requires light and is facilitated by high levels of nitric oxide (NO) generated by either suppression of the NO scavenger Phytoglobin 2 (Pgb2), or its removal from the nucleus. Using a previously characterized induction system regulating the cellular localization of Pgb2, we demonstrated the interplay between phytochrome B (phyB) and Pgb2 during the formation of embryogenic tissue. The deactivation of phyB in the dark coincides with the induction of Pgb2 known to reduce the level of NO; consequently, embryogenesis is inhibited. Under light conditions, the active form of phyB depresses the levels of Pgb2 transcripts, thus expecting an increase in cellular NO. Induction of Pgb2 increases Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4 (PIF4) suggesting that high levels of NO repress PIF4. The PIF4 inhibition is sufficient to induce several auxin biosynthetic (CYP79B2, AMI1, and YUCCA 1, 2, and 6) and response (ARF5, 8, and 16) genes, conducive to the formation of the embryonic tissue and production of somatic embryos. Auxin responses mediated by ARF10 and 17 appear to be regulated by Pgb2, possibly through NO, in a PIF4-independent fashion. Overall, this work provides a new and preliminary model integrating Pgb2 (and NO) with phyB in the light regulation of in vitro embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Mira
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Sam Day
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shimaa Ibrahim
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Robert D Hill
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Awada R, Lepelley M, Breton D, Charpagne A, Campa C, Berry V, Georget F, Breitler JC, Léran S, Djerrab D, Martinez-Seidel F, Descombes P, Crouzillat D, Bertrand B, Etienne H. Global transcriptome profiling reveals differential regulatory, metabolic and hormonal networks during somatic embryogenesis in Coffea arabica. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:41. [PMID: 36694132 PMCID: PMC9875526 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is one of the most promising processes for large-scale dissemination of elite varieties. However, for many plant species, optimizing SE protocols still relies on a trial and error approach. We report the first global scale transcriptome profiling performed at all developmental stages of SE in coffee to unravel the mechanisms that regulate cell fate and totipotency. RESULTS RNA-seq of 48 samples (12 developmental stages × 4 biological replicates) generated 90 million high quality reads per sample, approximately 74% of which were uniquely mapped to the Arabica genome. First, the statistical analysis of transcript data clearly grouped SE developmental stages into seven important phases (Leaf, Dedifferentiation, Primary callus, Embryogenic callus, Embryogenic cell clusters, Redifferentiation and Embryo) enabling the identification of six key developmental phase switches, which are strategic for the overall biological efficiency of embryo regeneration. Differential gene expression and functional analysis showed that genes encoding transcription factors, stress-related genes, metabolism-related genes and hormone signaling-related genes were significantly enriched. Second, the standard environmental drivers used to control SE, i.e. light, growth regulators and cell density, were clearly perceived at the molecular level at different developmental stages. Third, expression profiles of auxin-related genes, transcription factor-related genes and secondary metabolism-related genes were analyzed during SE. Gene co-expression networks were also inferred. Auxin-related genes were upregulated during dedifferentiation and redifferentiation while transcription factor-related genes were switched on from the embryogenic callus and onward. Secondary metabolism-related genes were switched off during dedifferentiation and switched back on at the onset of redifferentiation. Secondary metabolites and endogenous IAA content were tightly linked with their respective gene expression. Lastly, comparing Arabica embryogenic and non-embryogenic cell transcriptomes enabled the identification of biological processes involved in the acquisition of embryogenic capacity. CONCLUSIONS The present analysis showed that transcript fingerprints are discriminating signatures of cell fate and are under the direct influence of environmental drivers. A total of 23 molecular candidates were successfully identified overall the 12 developmental stages and can be tested in many plant species to optimize SE protocols in a rational way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Awada
- Nestlé Research - Plant Science Research Unit, Tours, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871UMR DIADE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, IRD France
| | - Maud Lepelley
- Nestlé Research - Plant Science Research Unit, Tours, France
| | - David Breton
- Nestlé Research - Plant Science Research Unit, Tours, France
| | - Aline Charpagne
- grid.419905.00000 0001 0066 4948Nestlé Research, Société Des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.511382.c0000 0004 7595 5223Sophia Genetics, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Claudine Campa
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, IRD France ,grid.4399.70000000122879528UMR DIADE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Victoria Berry
- Nestlé Research - Plant Science Research Unit, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Georget
- grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871UMR DIADE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, IRD France
| | - Jean-Christophe Breitler
- grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871UMR DIADE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, IRD France
| | - Sophie Léran
- grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871UMR DIADE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, IRD France
| | - Doâa Djerrab
- grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871UMR DIADE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, IRD France
| | - Federico Martinez-Seidel
- grid.418390.70000 0004 0491 976XMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSchool of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Patrick Descombes
- grid.419905.00000 0001 0066 4948Nestlé Research, Société Des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Benoît Bertrand
- grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871UMR DIADE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, IRD France
| | - Hervé Etienne
- grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871UMR DIADE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, IRD France
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Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Physiological Characteristics during Somatic Embryogenesis of Fraxinus mandshurica. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010289. [PMID: 36613732 PMCID: PMC9820202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fraxinus mandshurica is one of the precious tree species in northeast China and has important economic and ecological value. Ascorbic acid (ASA) is a strong antioxidant that can significantly improve plant photosynthetic efficiency and stress resistance and participate widely in plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the development process of mature zygotic embryos of F. mandshurica under different concentrations of ASA and found that 100 mg·L-1 exogenous ASA was the optimal concentration and that the induction rate of somatic embryos (SEs) was the highest at 72.89%, which was 7.13 times higher than that of the control group. The polyphenol content, peroxidase (POD) activity, nitric oxide (NO) content, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, total ascorbic acid (T-ASA) content, ASA content, ASA/Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) ratio, GSH/GSSG ratio, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were significantly increased under the application of exogenous ASA in explants, whereas the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were decreased. At the same time, the content of T-ASA and ASA, T-GSH and GSSG, and PAL and SOD had the same change pattern in the control group and the treatment group. These results suggested that high or low concentrations of ASA could not promote the somatic embryogenesis of F. mandshurica and that exogenous ASA had significant effects on the physiology of F. mandshurica explants. ASA was also highly related to somatic embryogenesis and the explant browning of F. mandshurica. Our results could provide a reference for further study on the browning mechanism of F. mandshurica explants and lay the foundation for optimizing the condition of somatic embryogenesis in F. mandshurica.
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Aguilar ME, Wang XY, Escalona M, Yan L, Huang LF. Somatic embryogenesis of Arabica coffee in temporary immersion culture: Advances, limitations, and perspectives for mass propagation of selected genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994578. [PMID: 36275513 PMCID: PMC9582858 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Culture in temporary immersion systems (TIS) is a valuable tool for the semi-automation of high frequency somatic embryogenesis of coffee. This system allows the intermittent exposure of explants to liquid medium in cycles of specific frequency and duration of immersion with renewal of the culture atmosphere in each cycle. TIS have revolutionized somatic embryogenesis of coffee plants as an alternative for scaling up and reducing costs associated with labor-intensive solid media culture. In Central America, somatic embryogenesis is employed on a commercial scale to produce F1 Coffea arabica hybrids. In Asia and Africa, somatic embryogenesis is used for the multiplication of selected genotypes of C. arabica and C.canephora. Somatic embryogenesis of coffee plants is considered a model system for woody species due to its biological versatility and low frequency of somaclonal variation. Nevertheless, the success of somatic embryogenesis for mass propagation of coffee plants depends on the development, optimization, and transfer of complementary technologies. Temporary immersion using the RITA® bioreactor is, so far, the best complementary tool for somatic embryogenesis of Arabica coffee for a single recipient with simple changes in liquid media. Likewise, high volume bioreactors, such as 10-L glass BIT® and 10-L flexible disposable plastic bags, have been successfully used for somatic embryogenesis of other coffee species. These bioreactors allow the manipulation of thousands of embryos under semi-automated conditions. The protocols, advantages, and benefits of this technology have been well documented for organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis pathways. However, adaptation in commercial laboratories requires technical and logistical adjustments based on the biological response of the cultures as well as the costs of implementation and production. This review presents the historical and present background of TIS and its commercial application and, in particular, pertinent information regarding temporary immersion culture for C. arabica somatic embryogenesis. The main limitations of this technology, such as hyperhydricity, asynchrony, and developmental abnormalities, are examined, and a critical analysis of current knowledge regarding physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of the plant response to temporary immersion is offered. Further, perspectives are provided for understanding and solving the morpho-physiological problems associated with temporary immersion culture of coffee plants. Systematic Review Registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Aguilar
- Biotechnology Laboratories, Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Xiao-yang Wang
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, China
| | - Maritza Escalona
- Plant Tissues Culture Lab, Centro de Bioplantas, Universidad Ciego de Ávila, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Lin Yan
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, China
| | - Li-fang Huang
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, China
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Gao Y, Cui Y, Zhao R, Chen X, Zhang J, Zhao J, Kong L. Cryo-Treatment Enhances the Embryogenicity of Mature Somatic Embryos via the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network in White Spruce. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031111. [PMID: 35163033 PMCID: PMC8834816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In conifers, somatic embryogenesis is uniquely initiated from immature embryos in a narrow time window, which is considerably hindered by the difficulty to induce embryogenic tissue (ET) from other tissues, including mature somatic embryos. In this study, the embryogenic ability of newly induced ET and DNA methylation levels was detected, and whole-transcriptome sequencing analyses were carried out. The results showed that ultra-low temperature treatment significantly enhanced ET induction from mature somatic embryos, with the induction rate from 0.4% to 15.5%, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The newly induced ET showed higher capability in generating mature embryos than the original ET. DNA methylation levels fluctuated during the ET induction process. Here, WGCNA analysis revealed that OPT4, TIP1-1, Chi I, GASA5, GST, LAX3, WRKY7, MYBS3, LRR-RLK, PBL7, and WIN1 genes are involved in stress response and auxin signal transduction. Through co-expression analysis, lncRNAs MSTRG.505746.1, MSTRG.1070680.1, and MSTRG.33602.1 might bind to pre-novel_miR_339 to promote the expression of WRKY7 genes for stress response; LAX3 could be protected by lncRNAs MSTRG.1070680.1 and MSTRG.33602.1 via serving as sponges for novel_miR_495 to initiate auxin signal transduction; lncRNAs MSTRG.505746.1, MSTRG.1070680.1, and MSTRG.33602.1 might serve as sponges for novel_miR_527 to enhance the expression of Chi I for early somatic embryo development. This study provides new insight into the area of stress-enhanced early somatic embryogenesis in conifers, which is also attributable to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ying Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.K.)
| | - Lisheng Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (R.Z.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
- Centre for Forest Biology, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.K.)
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12
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Berenguer E, Carneros E, Pérez-Pérez Y, Gil C, Martínez A, Testillano PS. Small molecule inhibitors of mammalian GSK-3β promote in vitro plant cell reprogramming and somatic embryogenesis in crop and forest species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7808-7825. [PMID: 34338766 PMCID: PMC8664590 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant in vitro regeneration systems, such as somatic embryogenesis, are essential in breeding; they permit propagation of elite genotypes, production of doubled-haploids, and regeneration of whole plants from gene editing or transformation events. However, in many crop and forest species, somatic embryogenesis is highly inefficient. We report a new strategy to improve in vitro embryogenesis using synthetic small molecule inhibitors of mammalian glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), never used in plants. These inhibitors increased in vitro embryo production in three different systems and species, microspore embryogenesis of Brassica napus and Hordeum vulgare, and somatic embryogenesis of Quercus suber. TDZD-8, a representative compound of the molecules tested, inhibited GSK-3 activity in microspore cultures, and increased expression of embryogenesis genes FUS3, LEC2, and AGL15. Plant GSK-3 kinase BIN2 is a master regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signalling. During microspore embryogenesis, BR biosynthesis and signalling genes CPD, GSK-3-BIN2, BES1, and BZR1 were up-regulated and the BAS1 catabolic gene was repressed, indicating activation of the BR pathway. TDZD-8 increased expression of BR signalling elements, mimicking BR effects. The findings support that the small molecule inhibitors promoted somatic embryogenesis by activating the BR pathway, opening up the way for new strategies using GSK-3β inhibitors that could be extended to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Berenguer
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants group, Margarita Salas Center of Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Carneros
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants group, Margarita Salas Center of Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pérez-Pérez
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants group, Margarita Salas Center of Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Translational Medicinal and Biological Chemistry group, Margarita Salas Center of Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Translational Medicinal and Biological Chemistry group, Margarita Salas Center of Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar S Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants group, Margarita Salas Center of Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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13
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Jorrin Novo JV. Proteomics and plant biology: contributions to date and a look towards the next decade. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:93-103. [PMID: 33770454 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1910028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review presents the view of the author, that is opinionable and even speculative, on the field of proteomics, its application to plant biology knowledge, and translation to biotechnology. Written in a more academic than scientific style, it is based on past original and review articles by the author´s group, and those published by leading scientists in the last two years. AREAS COVERED Starting with a general definition and references to historical milestones, it covers sections devoted to the different platforms employed, the plant biology discourse in the protein language, challenges and future prospects, ending with the author opinion. EXPERT OPINION In 25 years, five proteomics platform generations have appeared. We are now moving from proteomics to Systems Biology. While feasible with model organisms, proteomics of orphan species remains challenging. Proteomics, even in its simplest approach, sheds light on plant biological processes, central dogma, and molecular bases of phenotypes of interest, and it can be translated to areas such as food traceability and allergen detection. Proteomics should be validated and optimized to each experimental system, objectives, and hypothesis. It has limitations, artifacts, and biases. We should not blindly accept proteomics data and just create a list of proteins, networks, and avoid speculative biological interpretations. From the hundred to thousand proteins identified and quantified, it is important to obtain a focus and validate some of them, otherwise it is merely. We are starting to have the protein pieces, so let, from now, build the proteomics and biological puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Jorrin Novo
- Dpt. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Cordoba , Spain
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14
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Zhang M, Wang A, Qin M, Qin X, Yang S, Su S, Sun Y, Zhang L. Direct and Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Camellia oleifera Abel. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644389. [PMID: 33841471 PMCID: PMC8034400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera Abel. is an important woody oil species; however, the shortage of rapid and industrialized seedling culture is a large constraint on the development of the tea oil industry. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is one of the main powerful biotechnological tools for plant mass regeneration, but the largely unknown SE in C. oleifera limits the scale production of clonal plants. In this study, we described a high-efficiency SE system via direct and indirect pathways in C. oleifera and investigated the effect of genotype, explant age and phytohormones on SE. In the direct pathway, somatic embryos were highly induced from immature seeds 220 days after full blossom, and the development of embryoids was achieved with a combination of 0.19 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.05 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). In the indirect pathway, embryogenic calli were induced from the same explants in medium containing 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D, while 0.75 mg/L 2,4-D treatment led to high proliferation rates for embryogenic calli. The addition of 0.19 mg/L 2,4-D alone stimulated the production of globular embryos while causing a 75% loss of the induction rate in the heart embryo stage. Upon transfer of the globular embryos to phytohormone-free medium, an optimal induction rate of 62.37% from globular embryos to cotyledonary embryos was obtained. These data suggest that the subsequent differentiation process after the globular embryo stage in ISE is more similar to an endogenous phytohormones-driven process. Mature embryos germinated to produce intact plantlets on half-strength MS basal medium with a regeneration rate of 63.67%. Histological analysis confirmed the vascular bundle isolation of embryoids from the mother tissue. We further studied the different varieties and found that there were no significant genotype differences for SE induction efficiency in C. oleifera. Thus, we established a high-efficiency induction system for direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE) in C. oleifera and regenerated intact plantlets via SE, not organogenesis. ISE has a more complicated induction and regulatory mechanism than direct somatic embryogenesis. The improved protocol of SE would benefit mass propagation and genetic manipulation in C. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Aibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mou Qin
- Baise Forestry Bureau of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Xuejing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuchai Su
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Ibáñez S, Carneros E, Testillano PS, Pérez-Pérez JM. Advances in Plant Regeneration: Shake, Rattle and Roll. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E897. [PMID: 32708602 PMCID: PMC7412315 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Some plant cells are able to rebuild new organs after tissue damage or in response to definite stress treatments and/or exogenous hormone applications. Whole plants can develop through de novo organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. Recent findings have enlarged our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms required for tissue reprogramming during plant regeneration. Genetic analyses also suggest the key role of epigenetic regulation during de novo plant organogenesis. A deeper understanding of plant regeneration might help us to enhance tissue culture optimization, with multiple applications in plant micropropagation and green biotechnology. In this review, we will provide additional insights into the physiological and molecular framework of plant regeneration, including both direct and indirect de novo organ formation and somatic embryogenesis, and we will discuss the key role of intrinsic and extrinsic constraints for cell reprogramming during plant regeneration.
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Grants
- BIO2015-64255-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- RTI2018-096505-B-I00 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- AGL2017-82447-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- IDIFEDER 2018/016 Conselleria de Cultura, Educación y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana
- PROMETEO/2019/117 Conselleria de Cultura, Educación y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana
- ACIF/2018/220 Conselleria de Cultura, Educación y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ibáñez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain;
| | - Elena Carneros
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Margarita Salas Center of Biological Research, CIB Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (P.S.T.)
| | - Pilar S. Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Margarita Salas Center of Biological Research, CIB Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (P.S.T.)
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Uc-Chuc MA, Pérez-Hernández C, Galaz-Ávalos RM, Brito-Argaez L, Aguilar-Hernández V, Loyola-Vargas VM. YUCCA-Mediated Biosynthesis of the Auxin IAA Is Required during the Somatic Embryogenic Induction Process in Coffea canephora. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4751. [PMID: 32635392 PMCID: PMC7369726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of considerable research on somatic embryogenesis (SE), the molecular mechanism that regulates the biosynthesis of auxins during the SE induction process remains unknown. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an auxin that is synthesized in plants through five pathways. The biosynthetic pathway most frequently used in this synthesis is the conversion of tryptophan to indol-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) by tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis (TAA) followed by the conversion of IPA to IAA by enzymes encoded by YUCCA (YUC) genes of the flavin monooxygenase family; however, it is unclear whether YUC-mediated IAA biosynthesis is involved in SE induction. In this study, we report that the increase of IAA observed during SE pre-treatment (plants in MS medium supplemented with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0.54 µM and kinetin (Kin) 2.32 µM for 14 days) was due to its de novo biosynthesis. By qRT-PCR, we demonstrated that YUC gene expression was consistent with the free IAA signal found in the explants during the induction of SE. In addition, the use of yucasin to inhibit the activity of YUC enzymes reduced the signal of free IAA in the leaf explants and dramatically decreased the induction of SE. The exogenous addition of IAA restored the SE process in explants treated with yucasin. Our findings suggest that the biosynthesis and localization of IAA play an essential role during the induction process of SE in Coffea canephora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Uc-Chuc
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 344 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (M.A.U.-C.); (C.P.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (L.B.-A.)
| | - Cleyre Pérez-Hernández
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 344 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (M.A.U.-C.); (C.P.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (L.B.-A.)
| | - Rosa M. Galaz-Ávalos
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 344 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (M.A.U.-C.); (C.P.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (L.B.-A.)
| | - Ligia Brito-Argaez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 344 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (M.A.U.-C.); (C.P.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (L.B.-A.)
| | - Víctor Aguilar-Hernández
- Catedrático CONACYT, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico;
| | - Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 344 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (M.A.U.-C.); (C.P.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (L.B.-A.)
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Hazubska-Przybył T, Ratajczak E, Obarska A, Pers-Kamczyc E. Different Roles of Auxins in Somatic Embryogenesis Efficiency in Two Picea Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3394. [PMID: 32403374 PMCID: PMC7246981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of auxins 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) or picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid; 9 µM) and cytokinin BA (benzyloadenine; 4.5 µM) applied in the early stages of somatic embryogenesis (SE) on specific stages of SE in Picea abies and P. omorika were investigated. The highest SE initiation frequency was obtained after 2,4-D application in P. omorika (22.00%) and picloram application in P. abies (10.48%). NAA treatment significantly promoted embryogenic tissue (ET) proliferation in P. abies, while 2,4-D treatment reduced it. This reduction was related to the oxidative stress level, which was lower with the presence of NAA in the proliferation medium and higher with the presence of 2,4-D. The reduced oxidative stress level after NAA treatment suggests that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a signalling molecule and promotes ET proliferation. NAA and picloram in the proliferation medium decreased the further production and maturation of P. omorika somatic embryos compared with that under 2,4-D. The quality of the germinated P. abies embryos and their development into plantlets depended on the auxin type and were the highest in NAA-originated embryos. These results show that different auxin types can generate different physiological responses in plant materials during SE in both spruce species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Hazubska-Przybył
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland; (E.R.); (A.O.); (E.P.-K.)
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18
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Abstract
The third edition of "Plant Proteomics Methods and Protocols," with the title "Advances in Proteomics Techniques, Data Validation, and Integration with Other Classic and -Omics Approaches in the Systems Biology Direction," was conceived as being based on the success of the previous editions, and the continuous advances and improvements in proteomic techniques, equipment, and bioinformatics tools, and their uses in basic and translational plant biology research that has occurred in the past 5 years (in round figures, of around 22,000 publications referenced in WoS, 2000 were devoted to plants).The monograph contains 29 chapters with detailed proteomics protocols commonly employed in plant biology research. They present recent advances at all workflow stages, starting from the laboratory (tissue and cell fractionation, protein extraction, depletion, purification, separation, MS analysis, quantification) and ending on the computer (algorithms for protein identification and quantification, bioinformatics tools for data analysis, databases and repositories). At the end of each chapter there are enough explanatory notes and comments to make the protocols easily applicable to other biological systems and/or studies, discussing limitations, artifacts, or pitfalls. For that reason, as with the previous editions, it would be especially useful for beginners or novices.Out of the 29 chapters, six are devoted to descriptive proteomics, with a special emphasis on subcellular protein profiling (Chapters 5 - 10 ), six to PTMs (Chapters 11 , and 14 - 18 ), three to protein interactions (Chapters 19 - 21 ), and two to specific proteins, peroxidases (Chapter 24 ) and proteases and protease inhibitors (Chapter 26 ). The book reflects the new trajectory in MS-based protein identification and quantification, moving from the classic gel-based approaches to the most recent labeling (Chapters 10 , 11 , 29 ), shotgun (Chapters 5 , 7 , 12 , 15 ), parallel reaction monitoring (Chapter 16 ), and targeted data acquisition (Chapter 13 ). MS imaging (Chapter 25 ), the only in vivo MS-based proteomics strategy, is far from being fully optimized and exploited in plant biology research. A confident protein identification and quantitation, especially in orphan species, of low-abundance proteins, is still a challenging task (Chapters 4 , 28 ).What is really new is the use of different techniques for proteomics data validation and their integration into other classic and -omics approaches in the systems biology direction. Chapter 2 reports on multiple extractions in a single experiment of the different biomolecules, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Chapter 27 describes how metabolic pathways can be reconstructed from multiple -omics data, and Chapter 3 network building. Finally, Chapters 22 and 23 deal with, respectively, the search for allele-specific proteins and proteogenomics.Around 200 groups were, almost 1 year ago, invited to take part in this edition. Unfortunately, only 10% of them kindly accepted. My gratitude to those who accepted our invitation but also to those who did not, as all of them have contributed to the plant proteomics field. I will enlist, in this introductory chapter, following my own judgment, some of the relevant papers published in the past 5 years, those that have shown us how to enhance and exploit the potential of proteomics in plant biology research, without aiming at giving a too exhaustive list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus V Jorrin-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain.
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19
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Awada R, Campa C, Gibault E, Déchamp E, Georget F, Lepelley M, Abdallah C, Erban A, Martinez-Seidel F, Kopka J, Legendre L, Léran S, Conéjéro G, Verdeil JL, Crouzillat D, Breton D, Bertrand B, Etienne H. Unravelling the Metabolic and Hormonal Machinery During Key Steps of Somatic Embryogenesis: A Case Study in Coffee. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194665. [PMID: 31547069 PMCID: PMC6802359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is one of the most promising processes for large-scale dissemination of elite varieties. However, for many plant species, optimizing SE protocols still relies on a trial-and-error approach. Using coffee as a model plant, we report here the first global analysis of metabolome and hormone dynamics aiming to unravel mechanisms regulating cell fate and totipotency. Sampling from leaf explant dedifferentiation until embryo development covered 15 key stages. An in-depth statistical analysis performed on 104 metabolites revealed that massive re-configuration of metabolic pathways induced SE. During initial dedifferentiation, a sharp decrease in phenolic compounds and caffeine levels was also observed while auxins, cytokinins and ethylene levels were at their highest. Totipotency reached its highest expression during the callus stages when a shut-off in hormonal and metabolic pathways related to sugar and energetic substance hydrolysis was evidenced. Abscisic acid, leucine, maltotriose, myo-inositol, proline, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and zeatin appeared as key metabolic markers of the embryogenic capacity. Combining metabolomics with multiphoton microscopy led to the identification of chlorogenic acids as markers of embryo redifferentiation. The present analysis shows that metabolite fingerprints are signatures of cell fate and represent a starting point for optimizing SE protocols in a rational way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Awada
- Nestlé Research-Plant Science Unit, 101 avenue Gustave Eiffel, F-37097 Tours CEDEX 2, France.
- CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
- UMR IPME (Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Claudine Campa
- UMR IPME (Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
- IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Estelle Gibault
- Nestlé Research-Plant Science Unit, 101 avenue Gustave Eiffel, F-37097 Tours CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Eveline Déchamp
- CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
- UMR IPME (Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Frédéric Georget
- CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
- UMR IPME (Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Maud Lepelley
- Nestlé Research-Plant Science Unit, 101 avenue Gustave Eiffel, F-37097 Tours CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Cécile Abdallah
- UMR IPME (Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
- IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm, Germany.
| | | | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm, Germany.
| | - Laurent Legendre
- Université de Lyon (Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418), F-69622 Lyon, France.
| | - Sophie Léran
- CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
- UMR IPME (Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Geneviève Conéjéro
- Histocytology and Plant Cell Imaging platform PHIV, UMR AGAP (CIRAD, INRA, SupAgro)-UMR B&PMP (INRA, CNRS, SupAgro, University of Montpellier), F-34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- Histocytology and Plant Cell Imaging platform PHIV, UMR AGAP (CIRAD, INRA, SupAgro)-UMR B&PMP (INRA, CNRS, SupAgro, University of Montpellier), F-34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Dominique Crouzillat
- Nestlé Research-Plant Science Unit, 101 avenue Gustave Eiffel, F-37097 Tours CEDEX 2, France.
| | - David Breton
- Nestlé Research-Plant Science Unit, 101 avenue Gustave Eiffel, F-37097 Tours CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Benoît Bertrand
- CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
- UMR IPME (Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Hervé Etienne
- CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
- UMR IPME (Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
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