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Lazaridi E, Kapazoglou A, Gerakari M, Kleftogianni K, Passa K, Sarri E, Papasotiropoulos V, Tani E, Bebeli PJ. Crop Landraces and Indigenous Varieties: A Valuable Source of Genes for Plant Breeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:758. [PMID: 38592762 PMCID: PMC10975389 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Landraces and indigenous varieties comprise valuable sources of crop species diversity. Their utilization in plant breeding may lead to increased yield and enhanced quality traits, as well as resilience to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Recently, new approaches based on the rapid advancement of genomic technologies such as deciphering of pangenomes, multi-omics tools, marker-assisted selection (MAS), genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing greatly facilitated the exploitation of landraces in modern plant breeding. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the implementation of new genomic technologies and highlight their importance in pinpointing the genetic basis of desirable traits in landraces and indigenous varieties of annual, perennial herbaceous, and woody crop species cultivated in the Mediterranean region. The need for further employment of advanced -omic technologies to unravel the full potential of landraces and indigenous varieties underutilized genetic diversity is also indicated. Ultimately, the large amount of genomic data emerging from the investigation of landraces and indigenous varieties reveals their potential as a source of valuable genes and traits for breeding. The role of landraces and indigenous varieties in mitigating the ongoing risks posed by climate change in agriculture and food security is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Lazaridi
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (V.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Aliki Kapazoglou
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture (IOSV), Department of Vitis, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra (ELGO-Dimitra), Sofokli Venizelou 1, Lykovrysi, 14123 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Gerakari
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (V.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Konstantina Kleftogianni
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (V.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Kondylia Passa
- Department of Agriculture, University of Patras, Nea Ktiria, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece;
| | - Efi Sarri
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (V.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Vasileios Papasotiropoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (V.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Eleni Tani
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (V.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Penelope J. Bebeli
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (V.P.); (E.T.)
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Flores-Saavedra M, Villanueva G, Gramazio P, Vilanova S, Mauceri A, Abenavoli MR, Sunseri F, Prohens J, Plazas M. Nitrogen use efficiency, growth and physiological parameters in different tomato genotypes under high and low N fertilisation conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108447. [PMID: 38417307 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Identification of novel genotypes with enhanced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a key challenge for a sustainable tomato production. In this respect, the performance of a panel of thirty tomato accessions were evaluated under high (HN; 5 mM N) and low (LN; 0.5 mM N) nitrogen irrigation solutions. For each treatment, when 50% of plants reached the first flower bud stage, plant growth and biomass traits, chlorophyll, flavonol and anthocyanin indexes, nitrogen balance index (NBI), C:N ratio in leaves, stems, and roots, and NUE were evaluated. Significant (p < 0.05) effects were observed for accession, N treatment, and their interaction across all the traits. Under LN, plants showed a delayed development (40 days for HN vs. 65 days for LN) and reduced growth and biomass. On average, LN condition led to 41.8% decrease in nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) but also 189.0% increase in NUtE, resulting in 62.2% overall increase in NUE. A broad range of variation among accessions was observed under both HN and LN conditions. Under LN conditions, chlorophyll index and NBI decreased, while flavonol and anthocyanin indexes increased. Leaf C:N ratio was positively correlated with nitrogen utilisation efficiency (NUtE) in both N treatments. Multi-trait analyses identified top-performing accessions under each condition, allowing to identify one accession among top performers under both conditions. Correlation analysis revealed that high root biomass and leaf C:N ratio are useful markers for selecting high NUE accessions. These findings offer valuable insights for improving tomato NUE under varying nitrogen fertilization conditions and for breeding high-NUE cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Flores-Saavedra
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Villanueva
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pietro Gramazio
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Vilanova
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Mauceri
- Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria Località Feo di Vito snc, 89124, Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria Località Feo di Vito snc, 89124, Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria Località Feo di Vito snc, 89124, Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Petropoulos SA, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Editorial: Rediscovering local landraces: shaping horticulture for the future, volume II. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1329995. [PMID: 38162299 PMCID: PMC10757604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1329995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, N. Ionia, Greece
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Posadinu CM, Rodriguez M, Conte P, Piga A, Attene G. Fruit quality and shelf-life of Sardinian tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290166. [PMID: 38064465 PMCID: PMC10707699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The conservation and characterization of landraces have key roles in the safeguarding and valorization of agrobiodiversity. Indeed, these plant genetic resources represent an important crop heritage with quality and sensory characteristics that can be of great use to consumers and industry. In addition, the preservation of genetic resources from the risk of progressive genetic erosion, and the enhancement of their potential can contribute to food security and improve the nutritional value of food. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate a collection of Sardinian tomato landraces for parameters that have determinant roles in evaluating their responses to conservation, and therefore to consumer acceptance. Six Sardinian landraces and two commercial varieties were cultivated in a two-years off-season trial, harvested at two different maturity stages (turning, red-ripe) and characterized using 14 fruit-related quality parameters that define the marketability, nutritional value, and flavor of the fruit. Data were collected at intervals of 10 days, starting from the harvest date and over 30 days of storage under refrigeration. The simultaneous analysis of all the qualitative characteristics for the different genotypes allowed to clearly differentiate the local varieties from the commercial varieties and a few landraces emerged for their satisfactory performances, e.g. "Tamatta kaki" ad "Tamatta groga de appiccai". In particular, the "Tamatta groga de appiccai" showed satisfactory lycopene content at marketable stages (average 5.65 mg 100g-1 FF), a peculiar orange-pink color with the highest hue angle values (range: H°T0 = 72.55-H°T30 = 48.26), and the highest firmness among the landraces of the red-ripe group (range: EpT0 = 1.64-EpT30 = 0.54 N mm-1). These results highlight the potential of some of the Sardinian tomato landraces for developing new varieties or promoting their direct valorization in local markets and could considerably increase the effectiveness and efficiency of agrobiodiversity conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Rodriguez
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Conservazione e Valorizzazione della Biodiversità Vegetale, University of Sassari, Alghero, Italy
| | - Paola Conte
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Piga
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Attene
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Conservazione e Valorizzazione della Biodiversità Vegetale, University of Sassari, Alghero, Italy
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Landi S, Punzo P, Nurcato R, Albrizio R, Sanseverino W, Aiese Cigliano R, Giorio P, Fratianni F, Batelli G, Esposito S, Grillo S. Transcriptomic landscape of tomato traditional long shelf-life landraces under low water regimes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107877. [PMID: 37473675 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
'Corbarino' (COR) and 'Lucariello' (LUC) belong to the family of Mediterranean long shelf-life tomato landraces, producing high quality fruits under low water input cultivation regime in their traditional cultivation area. Understanding the morpho-physiological and molecular details of the peculiar drought stress tolerance of these two genotypes may be key to their valorization as breeding material. RNA sequencing of leaf samples of COR and LUC subjected to drought stress by water withholding in a semi-controlled greenhouse identified 3089 and 2135 differentially expressed genes respectively. These included COR- and LUC-specific annotated genes, as well as genes containing single nucleotide polymorphisms as compared to reference genome. Enriched Gene Ontology categories showed that categories such as response to water, oxidoreductase activity, nucleotide salvation and lipid biosynthesis-related processes were enriched among up-regulated DEGs. By contrast, growth and photosynthesis related genes were down-regulated after drought stress, consistent with leaf gas exchange and biomass accumulation measurements. Genes encoding cell wall degrading enzymes of the pectinase family were also down-regulated in drought stress conditions and upregulated in rewatering, indicating that cell wall composition/hardness is important for drought stress responses. Globally our results contribute to understanding the transcriptomic and physiological responses of representative tomato genotypes from Southern Italy, highlighting a promising set of genes to be investigated to improve tomato tolerance to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Landi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Paola Punzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Roberta Nurcato
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Rossella Albrizio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFoM), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Walter Sanseverino
- Sequentia Biotech SL, Carrer Dr. Trueta 179, 3°5a, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pasquale Giorio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFoM), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Florinda Fratianni
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Food Sciences (CNR-ISA), Avellino, 83100, Italy
| | - Giorgia Batelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Stefania Grillo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy.
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Egea I, Estrada Y, Faura C, Egea-Fernández JM, Bolarin MC, Flores FB. Salt-tolerant alternative crops as sources of quality food to mitigate the negative impact of salinity on agricultural production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1092885. [PMID: 36818835 PMCID: PMC9935836 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1092885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An increase of abiotic stress tolerance and nutritive value of foods is currently a priority because of climate change and rising world population. Among abiotic stresses, salt stress is one of the main problems in agriculture. Mounting urbanization and industrialization, and increasing global food demand, are pressing farmers to make use of marginal lands affected by salinity and low-quality saline water. In that situation, one of the most promising approaches is searching for new sources of genetic variation like salt-tolerant alternative crops or underexploited crops. They are generally less efficient than cultivated crops in optimal conditions due to lower yield but represent an alternative in stressful growth conditions. In this review, we summarize the advances achieved in research on underexploited species differing in their genetic nature. First, we highlight advances in research on salt tolerance of traditional varieties of tomato or landraces; varieties selected and developed by smallholder farmers for adaptation to their local environments showing specific attractive fruit quality traits. We remark advances attained in screening a collection of tomato traditional varieties gathered in Spanish Southeast, a very productive region which environment is extremely stressing. Second, we explore the opportunities of exploiting the natural variation of halophytes, in particular quinoa and amaranth. The adaptation of both species in stressful growth conditions is becoming an increasingly important issue, especially for their cultivation in arid and semiarid areas prone to be affected by salinity. Here we present a project developed in Spanish Southeast, where quinoa and amaranth varieties are being adapted for their culture under abiotic stress targeting high quality grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Egea
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yanira Estrada
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Faura
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Maria C. Bolarin
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Flores
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Roig‐Oliver M, Fullana‐Pericàs M, Bota J, Flexas J. Genotype-dependent changes of cell wall composition influence physiological traits of a long and a non-long shelf-life tomato genotypes under distinct water regimes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1396-1412. [PMID: 36310415 PMCID: PMC10098506 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage strongly affects plants' physiological performance. Since tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) non-long shelf-life (nLSL) and long shelf-life (LSL) genotypes differently face water deprivation, we subjected a nLSL and a LSL genotype to four treatments: control (well watering), short-term water deficit stress at 40% field capacity (FC) (ST 40% FC), short-term water deficit stress at 30% FC (ST 30% FC), and short-term water deficit stress at 30% FC followed by recovery (ST 30% FC-Rec). Treatments promoted genotype-dependent elastic adjustments accompanied by distinct photosynthetic responses. While the nLSL genotype largely modified mesophyll conductance (gm ) across treatments, it was kept within a narrow range in the LSL genotype. However, similar gm values were achieved under ST 30% FC conditions. Particularly, modifications in the relative abundance of cell wall components and in sub-cellular anatomic parameters such as the chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular air space per leaf area (Sc /S) and the cell wall thickness (Tcw ) regulated gm in the LSL genotype. Instead, only changes in foliar structure at the supra-cellular level influenced gm in the nLSL genotype. Even though further experiments testing a larger range of genotypes and treatments would be valuable to support our conclusions, we show that even genotypes of the same species can present different elastic, anatomical, and cell wall composition-mediated mechanisms to regulate gm when subjected to distinct water regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Roig‐Oliver
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de BiologiaUniversitat de les Illes Balears (UIB) – Agro‐Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA)Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.507122PalmaIlles BalearsSpain
| | - Mateu Fullana‐Pericàs
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de BiologiaUniversitat de les Illes Balears (UIB) – Agro‐Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA)Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.507122PalmaIlles BalearsSpain
| | - Josefina Bota
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de BiologiaUniversitat de les Illes Balears (UIB) – Agro‐Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA)Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.507122PalmaIlles BalearsSpain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de BiologiaUniversitat de les Illes Balears (UIB) – Agro‐Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA)Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.507122PalmaIlles BalearsSpain
- King Abdulaziz UniversityP.O. Box 80200Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia
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8
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Patanè C, Cosentino SL, Romano D, Toscano S. Relative Water Content, Proline, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Leaves of Long Shelf-Life Tomatoes under Drought Stress and Rewatering. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223045. [PMID: 36432775 PMCID: PMC9699019 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Some physiological, oxidative, and antioxidant enzymatic patterns were assessed in plants of three local Sicilian landraces of long shelf-life tomatoes ('Custonaci', 'Salina', and 'Vulcano'), as compared to the commercial tomato hybrid 'Faino' (control). Three water treatments were considered in open-field: DRY (no irrigation); IRR (long-season full irrigation); REW (drought/rewatering cycles). During the growing season, soil water deficit (SWD) was estimated, and relative water content (RWC), specific leaf area (SLA), proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured in leaves. Differently from control, RWC in local landraces exhibited a similar pattern in REW and DRY, indicating a low capacity to re-hydrate after rewatering. Positive correlation of proline content vs. SWD in all local landraces highlights an osmotic adjustment occurring in these tomatoes in response to limited soil water content. Long shelf-life tomatoes suffered minor oxidative stress due to severe soil water deficit, as revealed by the lower levels of MDA with respect to the control. Significant correlation of CAT vs. SWD for all tomatoes indicates that this antioxidant enzyme, among those analyzed, may be considered as a biomarker for a water stress condition more than for oxidative stress due to water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Patanè
- CNR-Istituto per la BioEconomia (IBE), Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore L. Cosentino
- CNR-Istituto per la BioEconomia (IBE), Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Romano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Toscano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
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9
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Pons C, Casals J, Palombieri S, Fontanet L, Riccini A, Rambla JL, Ruggiero A, Figás MDR, Plazas M, Koukounaras A, Picarella ME, Sulli M, Fisher J, Ziarsolo P, Blanca J, Cañizares J, Cammareri M, Vitiello A, Batelli G, Kanellis A, Brouwer M, Finkers R, Nikoloudis K, Soler S, Giuliano G, Grillo S, Grandillo S, Zamir D, Mazzucato A, Causse M, Díez MJ, Prohens J, Monforte AJ, Granell A. Atlas of phenotypic, genotypic and geographical diversity present in the European traditional tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac112. [PMID: 35795386 PMCID: PMC9252105 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean basin countries are considered secondary centres of tomato diversification. However, information on phenotypic and allelic variation of local tomato materials is still limited. Here we report on the evaluation of the largest traditional tomato collection, which includes 1499 accessions from Southern Europe. Analyses of 70 traits revealed a broad range of phenotypic variability with different distributions among countries, with the culinary end use within each country being the main driver of tomato diversification. Furthermore, eight main tomato types (phenoclusters) were defined by integrating phenotypic data, country of origin, and end use. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses identified associations in 211 loci, 159 of which were novel. The multidimensional integration of phenoclusters and the GWAS meta-analysis identified the molecular signatures for each traditional tomato type and indicated that signatures originated from differential combinations of loci, which in some cases converged in the same tomato phenotype. Our results provide a roadmap for studying and exploiting this untapped tomato diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Pons
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Joan Casals
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology/Miquel Agustí Foundation, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Baix Llobregat, Esteve Terrades 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Samuela Palombieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lilian Fontanet
- INRAE, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes 67 Allé des Chênes, Centre de Recherche PACA, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS60094, Montfavet, 84143, France
- HM Clause, Portes-lès-Valence, France
| | - Alessandro Riccini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo,Italy
| | - Jose Luis Rambla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria del Rosario Figás
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Thessaloniki, 54124 Greece
| | - Maurizio E Picarella
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo,Italy
| | - Maria Sulli
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Josef Fisher
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Peio Ziarsolo
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Jose Blanca
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Joaquin Cañizares
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Maria Cammareri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Antonella Vitiello
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giorgia Batelli
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Angelos Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Matthijs Brouwer
- Wageningen Univ & Res, Plant Breeding, POB 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Richard Finkers
- Wageningen Univ & Res, Plant Breeding, POB 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Salvador Soler
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephania Grillo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Silvana Grandillo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Dani Zamir
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrea Mazzucato
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo,Italy
| | - Mathilde Causse
- INRAE, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes 67 Allé des Chênes, Centre de Recherche PACA, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS60094, Montfavet, 84143, France
| | - Maria José Díez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Antonio Jose Monforte
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
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10
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Raigón MD, García-Martínez MD, Chiriac OP. Nutritional Characterization of a Traditional Cultivar of Tomato Grown Under Organic Conditions-cv. "Malacara". Front Nutr 2022; 8:810812. [PMID: 35087858 PMCID: PMC8786908 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.810812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of genetic diversity due to the replacement of local tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties by improved cultivars has been mitigated in many cases by the good work of organic farmers in maintaining local agricultural biodiversity. In parallel to these initiatives, in recent years, consumers have developed an increasing awareness of both food-related health, environmental issues, and food demand to recover the flavors of the past. In the case of tomatoes, these attributes (nutritional, organoleptic, social, and environmental) are closely related to organic production using local varieties. “Malacara” tomato is an example of a local variety. Coming from Sierra de Cádiz, it is a varietal type called “Cuelga” (“for hanging,” because the tomato trusses are hung from beams in the farmhouses). Cultivated and harvested in the open air during the summer months, these tomatoes are commercialized and consumed in the winter. Historically, this variety has enabled the fresh consumption of tomatoes during the winter, without the need to force cultivation. It is highly appreciated in the local cuisine and is the basis for sauces figuring in typical dishes. Its characteristic traits are small, pallid fruits, and long shelf life. The main objective of this work has been to typify two Malacara tomato cultivars (red and yellow color) grown under organic farming conditions, through the characterization of morphological, nutritional, and volatile parameters. The main differences are due to morphological parameters (fruit weight and color of the exocarp and endocarp). Other characteristics such as the content of ash, fiber, moisture, the concentration of iron, magnesium, and calcium, and content of lycopene are different between both cultivars. This study provides information on the nutritional and aromatic composition of two Malacara tomato cultivars, differentiated by their color and grown under organic farming conditions. The results add value to the native horticultural heritage and can aid in the selection of tomato varieties suitable for a sustainable production system and to produce tomatoes with high nutritional value and rich in aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Raigón
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrobiodiversidad Valenciana/Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D García-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrobiodiversidad Valenciana/Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Octavian P Chiriac
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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11
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Aiese Cigliano R, Aversano R, Di Matteo A, Palombieri S, Termolino P, Angelini C, Bostan H, Cammareri M, Consiglio FM, Della Ragione F, Paparo R, Valkov VT, Vitiello A, Carputo D, Chiusano ML, D’Esposito M, Grandillo S, Matarazzo MR, Frusciante L, D’Agostino N, Conicella C. Multi-omics data integration provides insights into the post-harvest biology of a long shelf-life tomato landrace. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab042. [PMID: 35039852 PMCID: PMC8801724 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the transcriptome and epigenome dynamics of the tomato fruit during post-harvest in a landrace belonging to a group of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) collectively known as "Piennolo del Vesuvio", all characterized by a long shelf-life. Expression of protein-coding genes and microRNAs as well as DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications were analysed in distinct post-harvest phases. Multi-omics data integration contributed to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying processes leading to long shelf-life. We unveiled global changes in transcriptome and epigenome. DNA methylation increased and the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 was lost as the fruit progressed from red ripe to 150 days post-harvest. Thousands of genes were differentially expressed, about half of which were potentially epi-regulated as they were engaged in at least one epi-mark change in addition to being microRNA targets in ~5% of cases. Down-regulation of the ripening regulator MADS-RIN and of genes involved in ethylene response and cell wall degradation was consistent with the delayed fruit softening. Large-scale epigenome reprogramming that occurred in the fruit during post-harvest likely contributed to delayed fruit senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita’ 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Matteo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita’ 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Samuela Palombieri
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Universita` 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Pasquale Termolino
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Universita` 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Institute for Applied Calculus, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli
| | - Hamed Bostan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita’ 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Cammareri
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Universita` 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Federica Maria Consiglio
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Universita` 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Floriana Della Ragione
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli
| | - Rosa Paparo
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Universita` 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Vitiello
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Universita` 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita’ 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita’ 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maurizio D’Esposito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli
| | - Silvana Grandillo
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Universita` 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Matarazzo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli
| | - Luigi Frusciante
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita’ 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Nunzio D’Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita’ 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Clara Conicella
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Universita` 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
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12
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Petit J, Bres C, Reynoud N, Lahaye M, Marion D, Bakan B, Rothan C. Unraveling Cuticle Formation, Structure, and Properties by Using Tomato Genetic Diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:778131. [PMID: 34912361 PMCID: PMC8667768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.778131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit has a thick, astomatous cuticle that has become a model for the study of cuticle formation, structure, and properties in plants. Tomato is also a major horticultural crop and a long-standing model for research in genetics, fruit development, and disease resistance. As a result, a wealth of genetic resources and genomic tools have been established, including collections of natural and artificially induced genetic diversity, introgression lines of genome fragments from wild relatives, high-quality genome sequences, phenotype and gene expression databases, and efficient methods for genetic transformation and editing of target genes. This mini-review reports the considerable progresses made in recent years in our understanding of cuticle by using and generating genetic diversity for cuticle-associated traits in tomato. These include the synthesis of the main cuticle components (cutin and waxes), their role in the structure and properties of the cuticle, their interaction with other cell wall polymers as well as the regulation of cuticle formation. It also addresses the opportunities offered by the untapped germplasm diversity available in tomato and the current strategies available to exploit them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Petit
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BFP, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Bres
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BFP, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Reynoud
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Didier Marion
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
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13
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Thole V, Vain P, Martin C. Effect of Elevated Temperature on Tomato Post-Harvest Properties. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112359. [PMID: 34834722 PMCID: PMC8623658 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fleshy fruit of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a commodity used worldwide as a fresh or processed product. Like many crops, tomato plants and harvested fruits are susceptible to the onset of climate change. Temperature plays a key role in tomato fruit production and ripening, including softening, development of fruit colour, flavour and aroma. The combination of climate change and the drive to reduce carbon emission and energy consumption is likely to affect tomato post-harvest storage conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of an elevated storage temperature on tomato shelf life and fungal susceptibility. A collection of 41 genotypes with low and high field performance at elevated temperature, including different growth, fruit and market types, was used to assess post-harvest performances. A temperature increase from 18–20 °C to 26 °C reduced average shelf life of fruit by 4 days ± 1 day and increased fungal susceptibility by 11% ± 5% across all genotypes. We identified tomato varieties that exhibit both favourable post-harvest fruit quality and high field performance at elevated temperature. This work contributes to efforts to enhance crop resilience by selecting for thermotolerance combined with traits suitable to maintain and improve fruit quality, shelf life and pathogen susceptibility under changing climate conditions.
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14
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Postharvest Quality Evolution in Long Shelf-Life “Vesuviano” Tomato Landrace. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
“Vesuviano” or “piennolo” tomato is among the most famous Italian small tomato landraces and is cultivated on the slopes of Vesuvio volcano (Southern Italy). The “piennolo” tomato is an interesting case with regard to its potential sustainability, as it is traditionally grown in water-deficit conditions with a low fertilizer input. Fruits with a high firmness and a thick skin can be stored for 3–4 months at room temperature (“long shelf-life” or LSL tomato) without postharvest fungicide applications. The aim of this research was to study the retention, changes in quality, and nutritional traits of “Vesuviano” tomatoes over 120 days of “natural” storage. The dry matter, soluble sugar, organic acids, volatile compounds, and carotenoid contents were evaluated at harvesting and in fruits stored for 40, 80, and 120 days. Slight decreases in dry matter content, soluble sugars, and sweetness index were found, while the organic acids levels remained relatively stable. Moreover, interesting increases in the concentrations of certain flavor volatiles, alcohols, aldehydes, and terpenes were detected. Regarding carotenoids, the total lycopene levels exhibited a 1.5-fold increase from harvest to 120 days. The unchanged lycopene cis-isomer levels and the β-carotene/total lycopene ratio is characteristic of relatively stable isomerization activity and indicated an optimal ripening pattern up until the end of the “natural” storage period. These results, which demonstrate good overall quality retention of this LSL tomato, represent a well-grounded reason to enhance the cultivation and marketing of this genetic resource, the fruits of which can be appreciated by consumers during the winter–early spring, when high-quality fresh tomatoes are not available on the markets.
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15
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Influence of Ripening on Polyphenolic Content, Degradative, and Browning Enzymes in Cantaloupe Varieties (C. Melo, L.). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical changes that occur during the growth and ripening of fruit and vegetable tissues, especially for color and firmness, are the most important factors affecting the quality of fresh products. Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo, L.) is one of the main economically important fruits in the world and its quality parameters, e.g., sweetness, nutritional factors, and texture, influence consumer preferences. Hence, these two features, appearance and texture changes, were investigated in three different genotypes of netted melon, all characterized by an extended shelf life but with different ripening phases. In particular, in all melon cultivars, the cell wall-modifying enzymatic activities and indicators of softening as well as total polyphenols, ortho-diphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, and antioxidant activity were studied. One variety with excellent shelf-life displayed the best nutritional and healthy qualities, in the early stages of ripening, and the lowest degree of browning. The lytic enzyme activities were reduced in the initial stages and after they increased gradually until the overripe stage, with the same trend for all varieties under investigation. The antioxidant activities declined with increasing time of ripeness in all genotypes. The outcomes confirm that the activities of both classes examined, antioxidant and cell wall-modifying enzymes, may vary significantly during ripeness depending on the genotype, suggesting the involvement in determining the postharvest behavior of these fruits.
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16
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Tomato Landraces Are Competitive with Commercial Varieties in Terms of Tolerance to Plant Pathogens—A Case Study of Hungarian Gene Bank Accessions on Organic Farms. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13050195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Landraces are generally neglected by industrialized agriculture, regardless of their potential to provide valuable genetic material for breeding and to diversifying the available assortment for producers and markets. They may also excel in certain plant protection issues with possible resistance or tolerance to plant pathogens. This is the first report on the disease susceptibility traits of Hungarian on certain indeterminate and determinate tomato gene bank accessions under on-farm organic conditions. For this, a three-year on-farm experiment was conducted in two management systems, open-field and protected. Yield and disease symptoms data obtained from ten tomato landraces were compared to commercial varieties. The incidence and severity of three important diseases (caused by late blight ‘Phytophthora infestans’, early blight ‘Alternaria solani’ and Septoria leafspot ‘Septoria lycopersici’), as well as yield, were recorded and assessed. According to these results, there were no significant difference between landraces and control varieties (San Marzano, Kecskeméti 549) regarding the studied parameters, and year was a determinant factor in the occurrence and severity of the infection of the studied diseases. In 2016, rainy, humid weather induced a severe late blight infection, causing serious damage to the open field, while the weather in 2015 and 2017 was favorable for tomato production and our measurements. There were some differences within and between landraces in terms of susceptibility. The investigation revealed that certain accessions can be highly recommended, e.g., the indeterminate ‘Fadd’ (RCAT030275) and ‘Mátrafüred’ (RCAT057656) had suitably high yields with significantly lower susceptibility to late blight, and the determinate ‘Szentlőrinckáta’ (RCAT078726) with high yield as well as tolerance to early blight is also recommendable, but it is sensitive to late blight under an adverse environment. This study suggests that landraces are competitive with the studied commercial varieties under organic production systems. Considering yield and the prevention of the major diseases of tomato, the studied tomato gene bank accessions are recommended for organic field and protected management systems.
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17
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Rosa-Martínez E, Adalid AM, Alvarado LE, Burguet R, García-Martínez MD, Pereira-Dias L, Casanova C, Soler E, Figàs MR, Plazas M, Prohens J, Soler S. Variation for Composition and Quality in a Collection of the Resilient Mediterranean 'de penjar' Long Shelf-Life Tomato Under High and Low N Fertilization Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:633957. [PMID: 33897723 PMCID: PMC8058473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.633957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 'de penjar' tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a group of local varieties from the Spanish Mediterranean region carrying the alc mutation, which provides long shelf-life. Their evolution under low-input management practices has led to the selection of resilient genotypes to adverse conditions. Here we present the first evaluation on nutritional fruit composition of a collection of 44 varieties of 'de penjar' tomato under two N fertilization levels, provided by doses of manure equivalent to 162 kg N ha-1 in the high N treatment and 49 kg N ha-1 in the low N treatment. Twenty-seven fruit composition and quality traits, as well as plant yield and SPAD value, were evaluated. A large variation was observed, with lycopene being the composition trait with the highest relative range of variation (over 4-fold) under both N treatments, and significant differences among varieties were detected for all traits. While yield and most quality traits were not affected by the reduction in N fertilization, fruits from the low N treatment had, on average, higher values for hue (5.9%) and lower for fructose (-11.5%), glucose (-15.8%), and total sweetness index (-12.9%). In addition, lycopene and β-carotene presented a strongly significant genotype × N input interaction. Local varieties had higher values than commercial varieties for traits related to the ratio of sweetness to acidity and for vitamin C, which reinforces the appreciation for their organoleptic and nutritional quality. Highest-yielding varieties under both conditions displayed wide variation in the composition and quality profiles, which may allow the selection of specific ideotypes with high quality under low N conditions. These results revealed the potential of 'de penjar' varieties as a genetic resource in breeding for low N inputs and improving the organoleptic and nutritional tomato fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosa-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana M. Adalid
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis E. Alvarado
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Resurrección Burguet
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. García-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leandro Pereira-Dias
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Casanova
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Soler
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María R. Figàs
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Soler
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Exploring Genetic Variability among and within Hail Tomato Landraces Based on Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Landraces are valuable sources of genetic characteristics, which are of plant breeders’ interest to include in breeding programs for crop improvement. We assess the inter- and intra-genetic variability among 96 accessions representing three Hail tomato landrace using DNA-based marker sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP). Seven SRAP primer combinations generated 55 alleles with a polymorphism of 100%, and an average of 7.86 polymorphic alleles per pair of primers. All primers showed an average of 0.68 polymorphic information content (PIC) value and discrimination power (DP) of 14.29. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) confirmed the clustering produced via the UPGMA similarity dendrogram allowed for the grouping of the 96 accessions according to its gene bank accession numbers and showed relatively good separation between landraces. A similarity value ranged from 0.04 to 1.0 among accessions of Hail 747, 0.05 to 1.0 in Hail 1072, and from 0.16 to 0.92 in Hail 548. These results showed the landraces harbor a wide range of genetic diversity at both inter and intra-variation levels. AMOVA showed that most of the genetic variation was because of differences within populations (87%). Tomato Hail landraces have well-differentiated genetic populations and admixtures, where Hail 747 formed their separate group, and both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 were admixed, and some accessions showed more diversity pattern. We have to take the SRAP technique’s effectiveness in the study of genetic variability among and within landraces into consideration in the tomato-breeding programs through marker-assessed selection.
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The Beneficial Health Effects of Vegetables and Wild Edible Greens: The Case of the Mediterranean Diet and Its Sustainability. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10249144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) concept as currently known describes the dietary patterns that were followed in specific regions of the area in the 1950s and 1960s. The broad recognition of its positive effects on the longevity of Mediterranean populations also led to the adoption of this diet in other regions of the world, and scientific interest focused on revealing its health effects. MD is not only linked with eating specific nutritional food products but also with social, religious, environmental, and cultural aspects, thus representing a healthy lifestyle in general. However, modern lifestyles adhere to less healthy diets, alienating people from their heritage. Therefore, considering the increasing evidence of the beneficial health effects of adherence to the MD and the ongoing transitions in consumers’ behavior, the present review focuses on updating the scientific knowledge regarding this diet and its relevance to agrobiodiversity. In addition, it also considers a sustainable approach for new marketing opportunities and consumer trends of the MD.
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Tamburino R, Sannino L, Cafasso D, Cantarella C, Orrù L, Cardi T, Cozzolino S, D’Agostino N, Scotti N. Cultivated Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) Suffered a Severe Cytoplasmic Bottleneck during Domestication: Implications from Chloroplast Genomes. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111443. [PMID: 33114641 PMCID: PMC7692331 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In various crops, genetic bottlenecks occurring through domestication can limit crop resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we investigated nucleotide diversity in tomato chloroplast genome through sequencing seven plastomes of cultivated accessions from the Campania region (Southern Italy) and two wild species among the closest (Solanum pimpinellifolium) and most distantly related (S. neorickii) species to cultivated tomatoes. Comparative analyses among the chloroplast genomes sequenced in this work and those available in GenBank allowed evaluating the variability of plastomes and defining phylogenetic relationships. A dramatic reduction in genetic diversity was detected in cultivated tomatoes, nonetheless, a few de novo mutations, which still differentiated the cultivated tomatoes from the closest wild relative S. pimpinellifolium, were detected and are potentially utilizable as diagnostic markers. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that S. pimpinellifolium is the closest ancestor of all cultivated tomatoes. Local accessions all clustered together and were strictly related with other cultivated tomatoes (S. lycopersicum group). Noteworthy, S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme resulted in a mixture of both cultivated and wild tomato genotypes since one of the two analyzed accessions clustered with cultivated tomato, whereas the other with S. pimpinellifolium. Overall, our results revealed a very reduced cytoplasmic variability in cultivated tomatoes and suggest the occurrence of a cytoplasmic bottleneck during their domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Tamburino
- CNR-IBBR, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy; (R.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Lorenza Sannino
- CNR-IBBR, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy; (R.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Donata Cafasso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Concita Cantarella
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via dei Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano (SA), Italy; (C.C.); (T.C.); (N.D.)
| | - Luigi Orrù
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC), Italy;
| | - Teodoro Cardi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via dei Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano (SA), Italy; (C.C.); (T.C.); (N.D.)
| | - Salvatore Cozzolino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Nunzio D’Agostino
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via dei Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano (SA), Italy; (C.C.); (T.C.); (N.D.)
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Nunzia Scotti
- CNR-IBBR, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy; (R.T.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0812-53-9482
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Esposito S, Cardi T, Campanelli G, Sestili S, Díez MJ, Soler S, Prohens J, Tripodi P. ddRAD sequencing-based genotyping for population structure analysis in cultivated tomato provides new insights into the genomic diversity of Mediterranean 'da serbo' type long shelf-life germplasm. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:134. [PMID: 32922806 PMCID: PMC7459340 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Double digest restriction-site associated sequencing (ddRAD-seq) is a flexible and cost-effective strategy for providing in-depth insights into the genetic architecture of germplasm collections. Using this methodology, we investigated the genomic diversity of a panel of 288 diverse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) accessions enriched in 'da serbo' (called 'de penjar' in Spain) long shelf life (LSL) materials (152 accessions) mostly originating from Italy and Spain. The rest of the materials originate from different countries and include landraces for fresh consumption, elite cultivars, heirlooms, and breeding lines. Apart from their LSL trait, 'da serbo' landraces are of remarkable interest for their resilience. We identified 32,799 high-quality SNPs, which were used for model ancestry population structure and non-parametric hierarchical clustering. Six genetic subgroups were revealed, clearly separating most 'da serbo' landraces, but also the Spanish germplasm, suggesting a subdivision of the population based on type and geographical provenance. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the collection decayed very rapidly within <5 kb. We then investigated SNPs showing contrasted minor frequency allele (MAF) in 'da serbo' materials, resulting in the identification of high frequencies in this germplasm of several mutations in genes related to stress tolerance and fruit maturation such as CTR1 and JAR1. Finally, a mini-core collection of 58 accessions encompassing most of the diversity was selected for further exploitation of key traits. Our findings suggest the presence of a genetic footprint of the 'da serbo' germplasm selected in the Mediterranean basin. Moreover, we provide novel insights on LSL 'da serbo' germplasm as a promising source of alleles for tolerance to stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Esposito
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Pontecagnano, (SA) Italy
| | - Teodoro Cardi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Pontecagnano, (SA) Italy
| | - Gabriele Campanelli
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Monsampolo del Tronto (AP), Tronto, Italy
| | - Sara Sestili
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Monsampolo del Tronto (AP), Tronto, Italy
| | - María José Díez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Soler
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pasquale Tripodi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Pontecagnano, (SA) Italy
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Fratianni F, Cozzolino A, d’Acierno A, Nazzaro F, Riccardi R, Spigno P. Qualitative Aspects of Some of Some Traditional Landraces of the Tomato "Piennolo" ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) of the Campania Region, Southern Italy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070565. [PMID: 32605145 PMCID: PMC7402180 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to analyze some qualitative aspects of five landraces of the tomato "Piennolo," typical of the Vesuvian area, Italy, and determine the in vitro antioxidant activity. All samples showed a high °Brix value and acidity, as well as a discrete amount of reducing sugars, indicating their good quality as fresh products. They showed a high content of lycopene (up to 218 mg g-1 of fresh product) and ascorbic acid (up to 238 mg g-1 of fresh product). The content of total polyphenols was never less than 278 mg g-1 of fresh product. Hyperoside, chlorogenic and gallic acids were the most abundant polyphenols. The interrelationships between the parameters analyzed and the different landraces showed that total polyphenols could have mostly affected (r = 0.76) the antioxidant activity more than lycopene (r = -0.96). The interrelationships between the most abundant polyphenols and antioxidant activity showed that hyperoside, although the most abundant, negatively affected (r = -0.93) the antioxidant activity. Due to the high content of lycopene, ascorbic acid, and hyperoside, the five landraces of the tomato "Piennolo" could be considered promising in terms of their potential healthy characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, CNR-ISA, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.F.); (A.d.)
| | - Autilia Cozzolino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA)-University of Molise, Via de Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Antonio d’Acierno
- Institute of Food Science, CNR-ISA, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.F.); (A.d.)
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, CNR-ISA, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.F.); (A.d.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0825-299-102
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