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Mi X, Tang M, Zhu J, Shu M, Wen H, Zhu J, Wei C. Alternative splicing of CsWRKY21 positively regulates cold response in tea plant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108473. [PMID: 38430784 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) was an important post-transcriptional mechanism that involved in plant resistance to adversity stress. WRKY transcription factors function as transcriptional activators or repressors to modulate plant growth, development and stress response. However, the role of alternate splicing of WRKY in cold tolerance is poorly understood in tea plants. In this study, we found that the CsWRKY21 transcription factor, a member of the WRKY IId subfamily, was induced by low temperature. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activity assays showed that CsWRKY21 localized to the nucleus and had no transcriptional activation activity. Y1H and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that CsWRKY21 suppressed expression of CsABA8H and CsUGT by binding with their promoters. Transient overexpression of CsABA8H and CsUGT reduced abscisic acid (ABA) content in tobacco leaves. Furthermore, we discovered that CsWRKY21 undergoes AS in the 5'UTR region. The AS transcript CsWRKY21-b was induced at low temperature, up to 6 folds compared to the control, while the full-length CsWRKY21-a transcript did not significantly change. Western blot analysis showed that the retention of introns in the 5'UTR region of CsWRKY21-b led to higher CsWRKY21 protein content. These results revealed that alternative splicing of CsWRKY21 involved in cold tolerance of tea plant by regulating the protein expression level and then regulating the content of ABA, and provide insights into molecular mechanisms of low temperature defense mediated by AS in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozeng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China; Guizhou Tea Research Institute, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsha Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China; Guizhou Tea Research Institute, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingtao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Y, Cai Q, Luo L, Sun Z, Li L. Genome-Wide Analysis of C-Repeat Binding Factor Gene Family in Capsicum baccatum and Functional Exploration in Low-Temperature Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:549. [PMID: 38498531 PMCID: PMC10891952 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Capsicum baccatum is a close relative of edible chili peppers (Capsicum annuum) with high economic value. The CBF gene family plays an important role in plant stress resistance physiology. We detected a total of five CBF genes in the C. baccatum genome-wide sequencing data. These genes were scattered irregularly across four chromosomes. The genes were categorized into three groupings according to their evolutionary relationships, with genes in the same category showing comparable principles for motif composition. The 2000 bp upstream of CbCBF contains many resistance-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and transcription factor binding sites. These findings emphasize the crucial functions of these genes in responding to challenging conditions and physiological regulation. Analysis of tissue-specific expression revealed that CbCBF3 exhibited the greatest level of expression among all tissues. Under conditions of low-temperature stress, all CbCBF genes exhibited different levels of responsiveness, with CbCBF3 showing a considerable up-regulation after 0.25 h of cold stress, indicating a high sensitivity to low-temperature response. The importance of the CbCBF3 gene in the cold response of C. baccatum was confirmed by the use of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, as well as the prediction of its protein interaction network. To summarize, this study conducts a thorough bioinformatics investigation of the CbCBF gene family, showcases the practicality of employing VIGS technology in C. baccatum, and confirms the significance of the CbCBF3 gene in response to low temperatures. These findings provide significant references for future research on the adaptation of C. baccatum to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Yang
- College of Geography and Ecotourism, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Qihang Cai
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.C.); (L.L.)
- Yunnan International Joint R&D Center for Intergrated Utilization of Ornamental Grass, International Technological Cooperation Base of High Effective Economic Forestry Cultivating of Yunnan Province, South and Southeast Asia Joint R&D Center of Economic Forest Full Industry Chain of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Li Luo
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Zhenghai Sun
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.C.); (L.L.)
- Yunnan International Joint R&D Center for Intergrated Utilization of Ornamental Grass, International Technological Cooperation Base of High Effective Economic Forestry Cultivating of Yunnan Province, South and Southeast Asia Joint R&D Center of Economic Forest Full Industry Chain of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Liping Li
- College of Wetland, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Tang Q, Wei S, Zheng X, Tu P, Tao F. APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factors in higher plant and their roles in regulation of plant stress response. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38267262 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2299769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Plants, anchored throughout their life cycles, face a unique set of challenges from fluctuating environments and pathogenic assaults. Central to their adaptative mechanisms are transcription factors (TFs), particularly the AP2/ERF superfamily-one of the most extensive TF families unique to plants. This family plays instrumental roles in orchestrating diverse biological processes ranging from growth and development to secondary metabolism, and notably, responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Distinguished by the presence of the signature AP2 domain or its responsiveness to ethylene signals, the AP2/ERF superfamily has become a nexus of research focus, with increasing literature elucidating its multifaceted roles. This review provides a synoptic overview of the latest research advancements on the AP2/ERF family, spanning its taxonomy, structural nuances, prevalence in higher plants, transcriptional and post-transcriptional dynamics, and the intricate interplay in DNA-binding and target gene regulation. Special attention is accorded to the ethylene response factor B3 subgroup protein Pti5 and its role in stress response, with speculative insights into its functionalities and interaction matrix in tomatoes. The overarching goal is to pave the way for harnessing these TFs in the realms of plant genetic enhancement and novel germplasm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Tang
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sishan Wei
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Tao
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Cao Y, Chen Y, Cheng N, Zhang K, Duan Y, Fang S, Shen Q, Yang X, Fang W, Zhu X. CsCuAO1 Associated with CsAMADH1 Confers Drought Tolerance by Modulating GABA Levels in Tea Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:992. [PMID: 38256065 PMCID: PMC10815580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that COPPER-CONTAINING AMINE OXIDASE (CuAO) and AMINOALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (AMADH) could regulate the accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in tea through the polyamine degradation pathway. However, their biological function in drought tolerance has not been determined. In this study, Camellia sinensis (Cs) CsCuAO1 associated with CsAMADH1 conferred drought tolerance, which modulated GABA levels in tea plants. The results showed that exogenous GABA spraying effectively alleviated the drought-induced physical damage. Arabidopsis lines overexpressing CsCuAO1 and CsAMADH1 exhibited enhanced resistance to drought, which promoted the synthesis of GABA and putrescine by stimulating reactive oxygen species' scavenging capacity and stomatal movement. However, the suppression of CsCuAO1 or CsAMADH1 in tea plants resulted in increased sensitivity to drought treatment. Moreover, co-overexpressing plants increased GABA accumulation both in an Agrobacterium-mediated Nicotiana benthamiana transient assay and transgenic Arabidopsis plants. In addition, a GABA transporter gene, CsGAT1, was identified, whose expression was strongly correlated with GABA accumulation levels in different tissues under drought stress. Taken together, CsCuAO1 and CsAMADH1 were involved in the response to drought stress through a dynamic GABA-putrescine balance. Our data will contribute to the characterization of GABA's biological functions in response to environmental stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Yiwen Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Nuo Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Kexin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Yu Duan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Shimao Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 417100, China; (Q.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Qiang Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 417100, China; (Q.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 417100, China; (Q.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
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Wang D, Cui B, Guo H, Liu Y, Nie S. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the CBF transcription factor family in Lolium perenne under abiotic stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2086733. [PMID: 35713148 PMCID: PMC10730156 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2086733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
C-repeat binding factor (CBF) subfamily genes encoding transcriptional activators are members of the AP2/ERF superfamily. CBFs play important roles in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In this study, we identified and analyzed the structure, phylogeny, conserved motifs, and expression profiles of 12 CBFs of the grass species Lolium perenne cultured under abiotic stress. The identified LpCBFs were grouped into three phylogenetic clades according to their protein structures and motif organizations. LpCBF expression was differentially induced by cold, heat, water deficit, salinity, and abscisic acid, among which cold treatment induced LpCBF gene expression significantly. Furthermore, association network analysis indicated that different proteins, including certain stress-related proteins, potentially interact with LpCBFs. Altogether, these findings will enhance our understanding of LpCBFs protein structure and function in the regulation of L. perenne stress responses. Our results will provide valuable information for further functional research of LpCBF proteins in L. perenne stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Binyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuming Nie
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Cai W, Feng Q, Wang L, Su S, Hou Z, Liu D, Kang X, Xu J, Pan Z, Tao J. Localization in vivo and in vitro confirms EnApiAP2 protein encoded by ENH_00027130 as a nuclear protein in Eimeria necatrix. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1305727. [PMID: 38116134 PMCID: PMC10728482 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1305727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Apicomplexan AP2 family of proteins (ApiAP2) are transcription factors (TFs) that regulate parasite growth and development, but little is known about the ApiAP2 TFs in Eimeria spp. ENH_00027130 sequence is predicted to encode a Eimeria necatrix ApiAP2 protein (EnApiAP2). Methods The cDNAs encoding full-length and truncated EnApiAP2 protein were cloned and sequenced, respectively. Then, the two cDNAs were cloned into the pET28a(+) expression vector and expressed expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The mouse polyclonal antibody (pAb) and monoclonal antibody (mAb) against recombinant EnApiAP2 (rEnApiAP2) and EnApiAP2tr (rEnApiAP2tr) were prepared and used to localize the native EnApiAP2 protein in E. necatrix, respectively. Finally, the recombinant pEGFP-C1-ΔNLS-EnApiAP2s (knockout of a nuclear localization sequence, NLS) and pEGFP-C1-EnApiAP2 plasmid were constructed and transfected into DF-1 cells, respectively, to further observe subcellular localization of EnApiAP2 protein. Results The EnApiAP2 gene had a size of 5019 bp and encoded 1672 amino acids, containing a conserved AP2 domain with a secondary structure consisting of an α-helix and three antiparallel β-strands. The rEnApiAP2 and rEnApiAP2tr were predominantly expressed in the form of inclusion bodies, and could be recognized by the 6×His tag mAb and the serum of convalescent chickens after infection with E. necatrix, respectively. The native EnApiAP2 protein was detected in sporozoites (SZ) and second generation merozoites (MZ-2) extracts, with a size of approximately 210 kDa. A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that the transcription level of EnApiAP2 was significantly higher in SZ than in MZ-2, third generation merozoites (MZ-3) and gametocytes (P<0.01). EnApiAP2 protein was localized in the nuclei of SZ, MZ-2 and MZ-3 of E. necatrix. The protein of EnApiAP2 was localized in the nucleus of the DF-1 cells, whereas the ΔNLS-EnApiAP2 was expressed in the cytoplasm, which further confirmed that EnApiAP2 is nucleoprotein. Discussion EnApiAP2 protein encoded by ENH_00027130 sequence was localized in the nucleus of E. necatrix parasites, and relied on the NLS for migration to DF-1 cell nucleus. The function of EnApiAP2 need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liyue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhaofeng Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinjun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Principal's Office, Suqian University, Suqian, China
| | - Jianping Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Caccialupi G, Milc J, Caradonia F, Nasar MF, Francia E. The Triticeae CBF Gene Cluster-To Frost Resistance and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:2606. [PMID: 37998341 PMCID: PMC10670769 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of CBF/DREB1 transcriptional factors in Triticeae crops involved in the abiotic stress response has been highlighted. The CBFs represent an important hub in the ICE-CBF-COR pathway, which is one of the most relevant mechanisms capable of activating the adaptive response to cold and drought in wheat, barley, and rye. Understanding the intricate mechanisms and regulation of the cluster of CBF genes harbored by the homoeologous chromosome group 5 entails significant potential for the genetic improvement of small grain cereals. Triticeae crops seem to share common mechanisms characterized, however, by some peculiar aspects of the response to stress, highlighting a combined landscape of single-nucleotide variants and copy number variation involving CBF members of subgroup IV. Moreover, while chromosome 5 ploidy appears to confer species-specific levels of resistance, an important involvement of the ICE factor might explain the greater tolerance of rye. By unraveling the genetic basis of abiotic stress tolerance, researchers can develop resilient varieties better equipped to withstand extreme environmental conditions. Hence, advancing our knowledge of CBFs and their interactions represents a promising avenue for improving crop resilience and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Caccialupi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (J.M.); (F.C.); (M.F.N.); (E.F.)
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8
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Ye M, Liu C, Li N, Yuan C, Liu M, Xin Z, Lei S, Sun X. A constitutive serine protease inhibitor suppresses herbivore performance in tea ( Camellia sinensis). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad178. [PMID: 37868619 PMCID: PMC10585712 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors promote herbivore resistance in diverse plant species. Although many inducible protease inhibitors have been identified, there are limited reports available on the biological relevance and molecular basis of constitutive protease inhibitors in herbivore resistance. Here, we identified a serine protease inhibitor, CsSERPIN1, from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Expression of CsSERPIN1 was not strongly affected by the assessed biotic and abiotic stresses. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that CsSERPIN1 strongly inhibited the activities of digestive protease activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin. Transient or heterologous expression of CsSERPIN1 significantly reduced herbivory by two destructive herbivores, the tea geometrid and fall armyworm, in tea and Arabidopsis plants, respectively. The expression of CsSERPIN1 in Arabidopsis did not negatively influence the growth of the plants under the measured parameters. Our findings suggest that CsSERPIN1 can inactivate gut digestive proteases and suppress the growth and development of herbivores, making it a promising candidate for pest prevention in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chuande Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Nana Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chenhong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zhaojun Xin
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Shu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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Jin J, Zhao M, Jing T, Wang J, Lu M, Pan Y, Du W, Zhao C, Bao Z, Zhao W, Tang X, Schwab W, Song C. (Z)-3-Hexenol integrates drought and cold stress signaling by activating abscisic acid glucosylation in tea plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1491-1507. [PMID: 37315209 PMCID: PMC10517186 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cold and drought stresses severely limit crop production and can occur simultaneously. Although some transcription factors and hormones have been characterized in plants subjected each stress, the role of metabolites, especially volatiles, in response to cold and drought stress exposure is rarely studied due to lack of suitable models. Here, we established a model for studying the role of volatiles in tea (Camellia sinensis) plants experiencing cold and drought stresses simultaneously. Using this model, we showed that volatiles induced by cold stress promote drought tolerance in tea plants by mediating reactive oxygen species and stomatal conductance. Needle trap microextraction combined with GC-MS identified the volatiles involved in the crosstalk and showed that cold-induced (Z)-3-hexenol improved the drought tolerance of tea plants. In addition, silencing C. sinensis alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (CsADH2) led to reduced (Z)-3-hexenol production and significantly reduced drought tolerance in response to simultaneous cold and drought stress. Transcriptome and metabolite analyses, together with plant hormone comparison and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis pathway inhibition experiments, further confirmed the roles of ABA in (Z)-3-hexenol-induced drought tolerance of tea plants. (Z)-3-Hexenol application and gene silencing results supported the hypothesis that (Z)-3-hexenol plays a role in the integration of cold and drought tolerance by stimulating the dual-function glucosyltransferase UGT85A53, thereby altering ABA homeostasis in tea plants. Overall, we present a model for studying the roles of metabolites in plants under multiple stresses and reveal the roles of volatiles in integrating cold and drought stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Mengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Chenjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
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Peterson A, Kishchenko O, Kuhlmann M, Tschiersch H, Fuchs J, Tikhenko N, Schubert I, Nagel M. Cryopreservation of Duckweed Genetic Diversity as Model for Long-Term Preservation of Aquatic Flowering Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3302. [PMID: 37765466 PMCID: PMC10534739 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Vegetatively propagating aquatic angiosperms, the Lemnaceae family (duckweeds) represents valuable genetic resources for circular bioeconomics and other sustainable applications. Due to extremely fast growth and laborious cultivation of in vitro collections, duckweeds are an urgent subject for cryopreservation. We developed a robust and fast DMSO-free protocol for duckweed cryopreservation by vitrification. A single-use device was designed for sampling of duckweed fronds from donor culture, further spin-drying, and subsequent transferring to cryo-tubes with plant vitrification solution 3 (PVS3). Following cultivation in darkness and applying elevated temperatures during early regrowth stage, a specific pulsed illumination instead of a diurnal regime enabled successful regrowth after the cryopreservation of 21 accessions of Spirodela, Landoltia, Lemna, and Wolffia genera, including interspecific hybrids, auto- and allopolyploids. Genome size measurements revealed no quantitative genomic changes potentially caused by cryopreservation. The expression of CBF/DREB1 genes, considered as key factors in the development of freezing tolerance, was studied prior to cooling but was not linked with duckweed regrowth after rewarming. Despite preserving chlorophyll fluorescence after rewarming, the rewarmed fronds demonstrated nearly zero photosynthetic activity, which did not recover. The novel protocol provides the basis for future routine application of cryostorage to duckweed germplasm collections, saving labor for in vitro cultivation and maintaining characterized reference and mutant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Peterson
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Acad. Zabolotnogo Str. 148, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kishchenko
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Acad. Zabolotnogo Str. 148, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Markus Kuhlmann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Henning Tschiersch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Joerg Fuchs
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Natalia Tikhenko
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Ingo Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Manuela Nagel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
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11
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Huang J, Zhao X, Bürger M, Chory J, Wang X. The role of ethylene in plant temperature stress response. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:808-824. [PMID: 37055243 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Temperature influences the seasonal growth and geographical distribution of plants. Heat or cold stress occur when temperatures exceed or fall below the physiological optimum ranges, resulting in detrimental and irreversible damage to plant growth, development, and yield. Ethylene is a gaseous phytohormone with an important role in plant development and multiple stress responses. Recent studies have shown that, in many plant species, both heat and cold stress affect ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of ethylene in plant temperature stress responses and its crosstalk with other phytohormones. We also discuss potential strategies and knowledge gaps that need to be adopted and filled to develop temperature stress-tolerant crops by optimizing ethylene response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Huang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Xiaobo Zhao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Marco Bürger
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xinchao Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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12
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Samarina L, Wang S, Malyukova L, Bobrovskikh A, Doroshkov A, Koninskaya N, Shkhalakhova R, Matskiv A, Fedorina J, Fizikova A, Manakhova K, Loshkaryova S, Tutberidze T, Ryndin A, Khlestkina E. Long-term cold, freezing and drought: overlapping and specific regulatory mechanisms and signal transduction in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145793. [PMID: 37235017 PMCID: PMC10206121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Low temperatures and drought are two main environmental constraints reducing the yield and geographical distribution of horticultural crops worldwide. Understanding the genetic crosstalk between stress responses has potential importance for crop improvement. Methods In this study, Illumina RNA-seq and Pac-Bio genome resequencing were used to annotate genes and analyze transcriptome dynamics in tea plants under long-term cold, freezing, and drought. Results The highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was identified under long-term cold (7,896) and freezing (7,915), with 3,532 and 3,780 upregulated genes, respectively. The lowest number of DEGs was observed under 3-day drought (47) and 9-day drought (220), with five and 112 genes upregulated, respectively. The recovery after the cold had 6.5 times greater DEG numbers as compared to the drought recovery. Only 17.9% of cold-induced genes were upregulated by drought. In total, 1,492 transcription factor genes related to 57 families were identified. However, only 20 transcription factor genes were commonly upregulated by cold, freezing, and drought. Among the 232 common upregulated DEGs, most were related to signal transduction, cell wall remodeling, and lipid metabolism. Co-expression analysis and network reconstruction showed 19 genes with the highest co-expression connectivity: seven genes are related to cell wall remodeling (GATL7, UXS4, PRP-F1, 4CL, UEL-1, UDP-Arap, and TBL32), four genes are related to calcium-signaling (PXL1, Strap, CRT, and CIPK6), three genes are related to photo-perception (GIL1, CHUP1, and DnaJ11), two genes are related to hormone signaling (TTL3 and GID1C-like), two genes are involved in ROS signaling (ERO1 and CXE11), and one gene is related to the phenylpropanoid pathway (GALT6). Discussion Based on our results, several important overlapping mechanisms of long-term stress responses include cell wall remodeling through lignin biosynthesis, o-acetylation of polysaccharides, pectin biosynthesis and branching, and xyloglucan and arabinogalactan biosynthesis. This study provides new insight into long-term stress responses in woody crops, and a set of new target candidate genes were identified for molecular breeding aimed at tolerance to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiia Samarina
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Songbo Wang
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Malyukova
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Alexandr Bobrovskikh
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey Doroshkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Koninskaya
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Ruset Shkhalakhova
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Alexandra Matskiv
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Jaroslava Fedorina
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Anastasia Fizikova
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Karina Manakhova
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Svetlana Loshkaryova
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Tsiala Tutberidze
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Alexey Ryndin
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Elena Khlestkina
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
- Federal Research Center, N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Wang Y, Samarina L, Mallano AI, Tong W, Xia E. Recent progress and perspectives on physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance of tea plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145609. [PMID: 36866358 PMCID: PMC9971632 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea is one of the most consumed and widely planted beverage plant worldwide, which contains many important economic, healthy, and cultural values. Low temperature inflicts serious damage to tea yields and quality. To cope with cold stress, tea plants have evolved a cascade of physiological and molecular mechanisms to rescue the metabolic disorders in plant cells caused by the cold stress; this includes physiological, biochemical changes and molecular regulation of genes and associated pathways. Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying how tea plants perceive and respond to cold stress is of great significance to breed new varieties with improved quality and stress resistance. In this review, we summarized the putative cold signal sensors and molecular regulation of the CBF cascade pathway in cold acclimation. We also broadly reviewed the functions and potential regulation networks of 128 cold-responsive gene families of tea plants reported in the literature, including those particularly regulated by light, phytohormone, and glycometabolism. We discussed exogenous treatments, including ABA, MeJA, melatonin, GABA, spermidine and airborne nerolidol that have been reported as effective ways to improve cold resistance in tea plants. We also present perspectives and possible challenges for functional genomic studies on cold tolerance of tea plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lidia Samarina
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Ali Inayat Mallano
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Enhua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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14
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Identification and Analysis of the CBF Gene Family in Three Species of Acer under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032088. [PMID: 36768411 PMCID: PMC9916880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-Repeat Binding Factor (CBF) gene family has been identified and characterized in multiple plant species, and it plays a crucial role in responding to low temperatures. Presently, only a few studies on tree species demonstrate the mechanisms and potential functions of CBFs associated with cold resistance, while our study is a novel report on the multi-aspect differences of CBFs among three tree species, compared to previous studies. In this study, genome-wide identification and analysis of the CBF gene family in Acer truncatum, Acer pseudosieboldianum, and Acer yangbiense were performed. The results revealed that 16 CBF genes (five ApseCBFs, four AcyanCBFs, and seven AtruCBFs) were unevenly distributed across the chromosomes, and most CBF genes were mapped on chromosome 2 (Chr2) and chromosome 11 (Chr11). The analysis of phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, and conserved motif showed that 16 CBF genes could be clustered into three subgroups; they all contained Motif 1 and Motif 5, and most of them only spanned one exon. The cis-acting elements analysis showed that some CBF genes might be involved in hormone and abiotic stress responsiveness. In addition, CBF genes exhibited tissue expression specificity. High expressions of ApseCBF1, ApseCBF3, AtruCBF1, AtruCBF4, AtruCBF6, AtruCBF7, and ApseCBF3, ApseCBF4, ApseCBF5 were detected on exposure to low temperature for 3 h and 24 h. Low expressions of AtruCBF2, AtruCBF6, AtruCBF7 were detected under cold stress for 24 h, and AtruCBF3 and AtruCBF5 were always down-regulated under cold conditions. Taken together, comprehensive analysis will enhance our understanding of the potential functions of the CBF genes on cold resistance, thereby providing a reference for the introduction of Acer species in our country.
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15
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Cheng Y, Ban Q, Mao J, Lin M, Zhu X, Xia Y, Cao X, Zhang X, Li Y. Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals That Amino Acid Biosynthesis May Determine Differences in Cold-Tolerant and Cold-Sensitive Tea Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031907. [PMID: 36768228 PMCID: PMC9916234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting tea production. The planting of cold-resistant tea cultivars is one of the most effective measures to prevent chilling injury. However, the differences in cold resistance between tea cultivars remain unclear. In the present study, we perform a transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of Camellia sinensis var. "Shuchazao" (cold-tolerant, SCZ) and C. sinensis var. assamica "Yinghong 9" (cold-sensitive, YH9) during cold acclimation and analyze the correlation between gene expression and metabolite biosynthesis. Our results show that there were 51 differentially accumulated metabolites only up-regulated in SCZ in cold-acclimation (CA) and de-acclimation (DA) stages, of which amino acids accounted for 18%. The accumulation of L-arginine and lysine in SCZ in the CA stage was higher than that in YH9. A comparative transcriptomic analysis showed an enrichment of the amino acid biosynthesis pathway in SCZ in the CA stage, especially "arginine biosynthesis" pathways. In combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, it was found that genes and metabolites associated with amino acid biosynthesis were significantly enriched in the CA stage of SCZ compared to CA stage of YH9. Under cold stress, arginine may improve the cold resistance of tea plants by activating the polyamine synthesis pathway and CBF (C-repeat-binding factor)-COR (cold-regulated genes) regulation pathway. Our results show that amino acid biosynthesis may play a positive regulatory role in the cold resistance of tea plants and assist in understanding the cold resistance mechanism differences among tea varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qiuyan Ban
- School of Horticulture, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Junlin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaojie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xianchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yeyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Zhao M, Li Y, Zhang X, You X, Yu H, Guo R, Zhao X. Genome-Wide Identification of AP2/ERF Superfamily Genes in Juglans mandshurica and Expression Analysis under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315225. [PMID: 36499551 PMCID: PMC9736363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Juglans mandshurica has strong freezing resistance, surviving temperatures as low as -40 °C, making it an important freeze tolerant germplasm resource of the genus Juglans. APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) is a plant-specific superfamily of transcription factors that regulates plant development, growth, and the response to biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, phylogenetic analysis was used to identify 184 AP2/ERF genes in the J. mandshurica genome, which were classified into five subfamilies (JmAP2, JmRAV, JmSoloist, JmDREB, and JmERF). A significant amount of discordance was observed in the 184 AP2/ERF genes distribution of J. mandshurica throughout its 16 chromosomes. Duplication was found in 14 tandem and 122 segmental gene pairs, which indicated that duplications may be the main reason for JmAP2/ERF family expansion. Gene structural analysis revealed that 64 JmAP2/ERF genes contained introns. Gene evolution analysis among Juglandaceae revealed that J. mandshurica is separated by 14.23 and 15 Mya from Juglans regia and Carya cathayensis, respectively. Based on promoter analysis in J. mandshurica, many cis-acting elements were discovered that are related to light, hormones, tissues, and stress response processes. Proteins that may contribute to cold resistance were selected for further analysis and were used to construct a cold regulatory network based on GO annotation and JmAP2/ERF protein interaction network analysis. Expression profiling using qRT-PCR showed that 14 JmAP2/ERF genes were involved in cold resistance, and that seven and five genes were significantly upregulated under cold stress in female flower buds and phloem tissues, respectively. This study provides new light on the role of the JmAP2/ERF gene in cold stress response, paving the way for further functional validation of JmAP2/ERF TFs and their application in the genetic improvement of Juglans and other tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiangling You
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruixue Guo
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (X.Z.)
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17
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Zhang X, Cao X, Xia Y, Ban Q, Cao L, Li S, Li Y. CsCBF5 depletion impairs cold tolerance in tea plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111463. [PMID: 36126878 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CBFs play important roles in tea plant cold tolerance. In our study, 16 tea varieties were used to investigate the relationship between the expression level of CsCBFs and cold tolerance in field experiments. A strong and positive correlation was found between cold stress-regulated CsCBF1, CsCBF3 and CsCBF5 expression levels (R2 > 0.8) in tea mesophyll cells and cold tolerance in 16 tea varieties. A previous study reported that CsCBF1 and CsCBF3 were important components associated with cold tolerance in tea plants; thus, the function of CsCBF5 in the CsCBF family was targeted. Our previous study reported that CsCBF5 was localized in the nucleus and exhibited transcriptional activity. In the current study, MDA content in leaves was significantly increased in CsCBF5-silenced leaves, which exhibited poor cold tolerance, compared with WT plants under cold stress. In contrast, increased germination rates and antioxidant enzyme activities under cold conditions compared with WT plants. Furthermore, CsCBF5 overexpression in Arabidopsis promoted the expression levels of the cold-regulated genes AtCOR15a, AtCOR78, AtERD4 and AtRD29B; however, the expression levels of downstream genes, including CsCOR47, CsCOR413, CsERD4 and CsRD29B, were significantly reduced in CsCBF5-silenced tea leaves. Taken together, our results indicated that CsCBF5 could function as a positive regulator in the cold stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaojie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qiuyan Ban
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Siya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yeyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Shi W, Riemann M, Rieger SM, Nick P. Cold-Induced Nuclear Import of CBF4 Regulates Freezing Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911417. [PMID: 36232718 PMCID: PMC9570231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) are crucial transcriptional activators in plant responses to low temperature. CBF4 differs in its slower, but more persistent regulation and its role in cold acclimation. Cold acclimation has accentuated relevance for tolerance to late spring frosts as they have become progressively more common, as a consequence of blurred seasonality in the context of global climate change. In the current study, we explore the functions of CBF4 from grapevine, VvCBF4. Overexpression of VvCBF4 fused to GFP in tobacco BY-2 cells confers cold tolerance. Furthermore, this protein shuttles from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in response to cold stress, associated with an accumulation of transcripts for other CBFs and the cold responsive gene, ERD10d. This response differs for chilling as compared to freezing and is regulated differently by upstream signalling involving oxidative burst, proteasome activity and jasmonate synthesis. The difference between chilling and freezing is also seen in the regulation of the CBF4 transcript in leaves from different grapevines differing in their cold tolerance. Therefore, we propose the quality of cold stress is transduced by different upstream signals regulating nuclear import and, thus, the transcriptional activation of grapevine CBF4.
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19
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Min X, Wang Q, Wei Z, Liu Z, Liu W. Full-length transcriptional analysis reveals the complex relationship of leaves and roots in responses to cold-drought combined stress in common vetch. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:976094. [PMID: 36212304 PMCID: PMC9538161 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.976094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to single or combined abiotic stresses between aboveground and underground parts are complex and require crosstalk signaling pathways. In this study, we explored the transcriptome data of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) subjected to cold and drought stress between leaves and roots via meta-analysis to identify the hub abiotic stress-responsive genes. A total of 4,836 and 3,103 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the leaves and roots, respectively. Transcriptome analysis results showed that the set of stress-responsive DEGs to concurrent stress is distinct from single stress, indicating a specialized and unique response to combined stresses in common vetch. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses identified that "Photosystem II," "Defence response," and "Sucrose synthase/metabolic activity" were the most significantly enriched categories in leaves, roots, and both tissues, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis results indicated that "ABC transporters" are the most enriched pathway and that all of the genes were upregulated in roots. Furthermore, 29 co-induced DEGs were identified as hub genes based on the consensus expression profile module of single and co-occurrence stress analysis. In transgenic yeast, the overexpression of three cross-stress tolerance candidate genes increased yeast tolerance to cold-drought combined stress. The elucidation of the combined stress-responsive network in common vetch to better parse the complex regulation of abiotic responses in plants facilitates more adequate legume forage breeding for combined stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Engineering Research Centre of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Western China Technology Innovation Centre for Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Engineering Research Centre of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Western China Technology Innovation Centre for Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenwu Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Engineering Research Centre of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Western China Technology Innovation Centre for Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Engineering Research Centre of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Western China Technology Innovation Centre for Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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20
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Li B, He S, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Lang X, Wang H, Fan K, Hu J, Ding Z, Qian W. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) family genes in tea plant. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:667. [PMID: 36138347 PMCID: PMC9502961 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a type of calmodulin binding protein, CAMTAs are widely involved in vegetative and reproductive processes as well as various hormonal and stress responses in plants. To study the functions of CAMTA genes in tea plants, we investigated bioinformatics analysis and performed qRT-PCR analysis of the CAMTA gene family by using the genomes of ‘ShuChaZao’ tea plant cultivar. Results In this study, 6 CsCAMTAs were identified from tea plant genome. Bioinformatics analysis results showed that all CsCAMTAs contained six highly conserved functional domains. Tissue-specific analysis results found that CsCAMTAs played great roles in mediating tea plant aging and flowering periods. Under hormone and abiotic stress conditions, most CsCAMTAs were upregulated at different time points under different treatment conditions. In addition, the expression levels of CsCAMTA1/3/4/6 were higher in cold-resistant cultivar ‘LongJing43’ than in the cold-susceptible cultivar ‘DaMianBai’ at cold acclimation stage, while CsCAMTA2/5 showed higher expression levels in ‘DaMianBai’ than in ‘LongJing43’ during entire cold acclimation periods. Conclusions In brief, the present results revealed that CsCAMTAs played great roles in tea plant growth, development and stress responses, which laid the foundation for deeply exploring their molecular regulation mechanisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08894-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shan He
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yiqian Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xuxu Lang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kai Fan
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jianhui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wenjun Qian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China. .,Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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21
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Phour M, Sindhu SS. Mitigating abiotic stress: microbiome engineering for improving agricultural production and environmental sustainability. PLANTA 2022; 256:85. [PMID: 36125564 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The responses of plants to different abiotic stresses and mechanisms involved in their mitigation are discussed. Production of osmoprotectants, antioxidants, enzymes and other metabolites by beneficial microorganisms and their bioengineering ameliorates environmental stresses to improve food production. Progressive intensification of global agriculture, injudicious use of agrochemicals and change in climate conditions have deteriorated soil health, diminished the microbial biodiversity and resulted in environment pollution along with increase in biotic and abiotic stresses. Extreme weather conditions and erratic rains have further imposed additional stress for the growth and development of plants. Dominant abiotic stresses comprise drought, temperature, increased salinity, acidity, metal toxicity and nutrient starvation in soil, which severely limit crop production. For promoting sustainable crop production in environmentally challenging environments, use of beneficial microbes has emerged as a safer and sustainable means for mitigation of abiotic stresses resulting in improved crop productivity. These stress-tolerant microorganisms play an effective role against abiotic stresses by enhancing the antioxidant potential, improving nutrient acquisition, regulating the production of plant hormones, ACC deaminase, siderophore and exopolysaccharides and accumulating osmoprotectants and, thus, stimulating plant biomass and crop yield. In addition, bioengineering of beneficial microorganisms provides an innovative approach to enhance stress tolerance in plants. The use of genetically engineered stress-tolerant microbes as inoculants of crop plants may facilitate their use for enhanced nutrient cycling along with amelioration of abiotic stresses to improve food production for the ever-increasing population. In this chapter, an overview is provided about the current understanding of plant-bacterial interactions that help in alleviating abiotic stress in different crop systems in the face of climate change. This review largely focuses on the importance and need of sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches using beneficial microbes for ameliorating the environmental stresses in our agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Phour
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Satyavir S Sindhu
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India.
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22
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Malyukova LS, Koninskaya NG, Orlov YL, Samarina LS. Effects of exogenous calcium on the drought response of the tea plant ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13997. [PMID: 36061747 PMCID: PMC9435517 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drought is one of the major factors reducing the yield of many crops worldwide, including the tea crop (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Calcium participates in most of cellular signaling processes, and its important role in stress detection and triggering a response has been shown in many crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of calcium on the tea plant response to drought. Methods Experiments were conducted using 3-year-old potted tea plants of the best local cultivar Kolkhida. Application of ammonium nitrate (control treatment) or calcium nitrate (Ca treatment) to the soil was performed before drought induction. Next, a 7-day drought was induced in both groups of plants. The following physiological parameters were measured: relative electrical conductivity, pH of cell sap, and concentrations of cations, sugars, and amino acids. In addition, relative expression levels of 40 stress-related and crop quality-related genes were analyzed. Results Under drought stress, leaf electrolyte leakage differed significantly, indicating greater damage to cell membranes in control plants than in Ca-treated plants. Calcium application resulted in greater pH of cell sap; higher accumulation of tyrosine, methionine, and valine; and a greater Mg2+ content as compared to control plants. Drought stress downregulated most of the quality-related genes in both groups of tea plants. By contrast, significant upregulation of some genes was observed, namely CRK45, NAC26, TPS11, LOX1, LOX6, Hydrolase22, DREB26, SWEET2, GS, ADC, DHN2, GOLS1, GOLS3, and RHL41. Among them, three genes (LOX1, RHL41, and GOLS1) showed 2-3 times greater expression in Ca-treated plants than in control plants. Based on these results, it can be speculated that calcium affects galactinol biosynthesis and participates in the regulation of stomatal aperture not only through activation of abscisic-acid signaling but also through jasmonic-acid pathway activation. These findings clarify calcium-mediated mechanisms of drought defense in tree crops. Thus, calcium improves the drought response in the tea tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila S. Malyukova
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Natalia G. Koninskaya
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Yuriy L. Orlov
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia,Digital Health Institute, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidiia S. Samarina
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia,Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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23
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Wang L, Wang S, Tong R, Wang S, Yao J, Jiao J, Wan R, Wang M, Shi J, Zheng X. Overexpression of PgCBF3 and PgCBF7 Transcription Factors from Pomegranate Enhances Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis under the Promoter Activity Positively Regulated by PgICE1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169439. [PMID: 36012703 PMCID: PMC9408969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress limits plant growth, development and yields, and the C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) function in the cold resistance in plants. However, how pomegranate CBF transcription factors respond to cold signal remains unclear. Considering the significantly up-regulated expression of PgCBF3 and PgCBF7 in cold-tolerant Punica granatum ‘Yudazi’ in comparison with cold-sensitive ‘Tunisia’ under 4 °C, the present study focused on the two CBF genes. PgCBF3 was localized in the nucleus, while PgCBF7 was localized in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, both owning transcriptional activation activity in yeast. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assay further confirmed that PgICE1 could specifically bind to and significantly enhance the activation activity of the promoters of PgCBF3 and PgCBF7. Compared with the wild-type plants, the PgCBF3 and PgCBF7 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines had the higher survival rate after cold treatment; exhibited increased the contents of soluble sugar and proline, while lower electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, and reactive oxygen species production, accompanying with elevated enzyme activity of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase; and upregulated the expression of AtCOR15A, AtCOR47, AtRD29A, and AtKIN1. Collectively, PgCBFs were positively regulated by the upstream PgICE1 and mediated the downstream COR genes expression, thereby enhancing freezing tolerance.
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24
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Li Y, Xin Q, Zhang Y, Liang M, Zhao G, Jiang D, Liu X, Zhang H. Comparative metabolome analysis unravels a close association between dormancy release and metabolic alteration induced by low temperature in lily bulbs. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1561-1572. [PMID: 35612596 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between dormancy release and metabolic metabolic changes in lily bulbs during low temperature storage was investigated. Low temperature is a major environmental factor required for dormancy release in lily bulbs. Although great advances in plant metabolomics have been achieved, knowledge about the molecular basis of lily bulb metabolomes at different developmental stages in response to low temperature is still limited. In this work, the dormancy release, vegetative growth, flowering, metabolic profile and gene expression in the less dormant cultivar Lilium longiforum × Oriental hybrid 'Triumphator' (T) and the more dormant cultivar Lilium Asiatic hybrid 'Honesty' (H) were compared. Exposure to low temperature (LT) successfully promoted stem elongation, floral transition and flowering of both T and H bulbs. However, exposure to room temperature (RT) restricted stalk elongation of both T and H bulbs, and prohibited floral transition and flowering of H bulbs. Correspondingly, higher antioxidant enzyme activity and total primary metabolite contents were observed in the apical bud of T bulbs. Gene expression analysis revealed that expressions of LiFT, LiFLK, LiSOC1 and LiCBF were decreased, whereas the expression of LiSVP and LiFLC were increased, in the apical bud of H bulbs under RT storage condition. Our findings reveal that the growth and dormancy breaking of lily bulbs are closely associated with the metabolic changes in the apical buds during postharvest storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Muping, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Qi Xin
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Muping, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 26 West Gangcheng Street, Yantai, 265500, Shandong, China
| | - Meixia Liang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Muping, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Muping District in Yantai, 551 Muping District Government Avenue, Yantai, 264100, China
| | - Daqi Jiang
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Muping District in Yantai, 551 Muping District Government Avenue, Yantai, 264100, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Muping, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Muping, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China.
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25
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Zhang H, Gong Y, Sun P, Chen S, Ma C. Genome-wide identification of CBF genes and their responses to cold acclimation in Taraxacum kok-saghyz. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13429. [PMID: 35582615 PMCID: PMC9107785 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) are transcription factors that are known to play important roles in plant cold acclimation. They are highly conserved in most higher plants. Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) is an herb native to China and Kazakhstan and is well-known for its production of rubber silk with industrial and economic value. To understand cold acclimation mechanisms, we conducted a genome-wide discovery of the CBF family genes in TKS and revealed ten CBF genes. A bioinformatic analysis of the CBF genes was carried out to analyze the phylogenetic relationship, protein conservative motifs, protein physicochemical properties, gene structure, promoter cis-acting elements, and the gene expression patterns under cold acclimation and control conditions. It was found that most of these genes were highly responsive at the late stage of cold acclimation, indicating that they play important roles in the cold acclimation processes of TKS. This study provides a theoretical basis for the study of the molecular functions of the CBF gene family in TKS, and a useful guidance for the genetic improvement of the cold tolerance traits of TKS and other plants, including crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongyong Gong
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Peilin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Application, Heilongjiang Institute of Atomic Energy, Harbin, China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chunquan Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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Zhao M, Jin J, Wang J, Gao T, Luo Y, Jing T, Hu Y, Pan Y, Lu M, Schwab W, Song C. Eugenol functions as a signal mediating cold and drought tolerance via UGT71A59-mediated glucosylation in tea plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1489-1506. [PMID: 34931743 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cold and drought stress are the most critical stresses encountered by crops and occur simultaneously under field conditions. However, it is unclear whether volatiles contribute to both cold and drought tolerance, and if so, by what mechanisms they act. Here, we show that airborne eugenol can be taken up by the tea (Camellia sinensis) plant and metabolized into glycosides, thus enhancing cold and drought tolerance of tea plants. A uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucosyltransferase, UGT71A59, was discovered, whose expression is strongly induced by multiple abiotic stresses. UGT71A59 specifically catalyzes glucosylation of eugenol glucoside in vitro and in vivo. Suppression of UGT71A59 expression in tea reduced the accumulation of eugenol glucoside, lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, and ultimately impaired cold and drought stress tolerance. Exposure to airborne eugenol triggered a marked increase in UGT71A59 expression, eugenol glucoside accumulation, and cold tolerance by modulating ROS accumulation and CBF1 expression. It also promoted drought tolerance by altering abscisic acid homeostasis and stomatal closure. CBF1 and CBF3 play positive roles in eugenol-induced cold tolerance and CBF2 may be a negative regulator of eugenol-induced cold tolerance in tea plants. These results provide evidence that eugenol functions as a signal in cold and drought tolerance regulation and shed new light on the biological functions of volatiles in the response to multiple abiotic stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Mengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P.R. China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P.R. China
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27
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Hwarari D, Guan Y, Ahmad B, Movahedi A, Min T, Hao Z, Lu Y, Chen J, Yang L. ICE-CBF-COR Signaling Cascade and Its Regulation in Plants Responding to Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031549. [PMID: 35163471 PMCID: PMC8835792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress limits plant geographical distribution and influences plant growth, development, and yields. Plants as sessile organisms have evolved complex biochemical and physiological mechanisms to adapt to cold stress. These mechanisms are regulated by a series of transcription factors and proteins for efficient cold stress acclimation. It has been established that the ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway in plants regulates how plants acclimatize to cold stress. Cold stress is perceived by receptor proteins, triggering signal transduction, and Inducer of CBF Expression (ICE) genes are activated and regulated, consequently upregulating the transcription and expression of the C-repeat Binding Factor (CBF) genes. The CBF protein binds to the C-repeat/Dehydration Responsive Element (CRT/DRE), a homeopathic element of the Cold Regulated genes (COR gene) promoter, activating their transcription. Transcriptional regulations and post-translational modifications regulate and modify these entities at different response levels by altering their expression or activities in the signaling cascade. These activities then lead to efficient cold stress tolerance. This paper contains a concise summary of the ICE-CBF-COR pathway elucidating on the cross interconnections with other repressors, inhibitors, and activators to induce cold stress acclimation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delight Hwarari
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.H.); (Y.G.); (B.A.); (A.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Yuanlin Guan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.H.); (Y.G.); (B.A.); (A.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Baseer Ahmad
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.H.); (Y.G.); (B.A.); (A.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Ali Movahedi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.H.); (Y.G.); (B.A.); (A.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Tian Min
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.H.); (Y.G.); (B.A.); (A.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ye Lu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinhui Chen
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Liming Yang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.H.); (Y.G.); (B.A.); (A.M.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.)
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Jin J, Zhao M, Gao T, Jing T, Zhang N, Wang J, Zhang X, Huang J, Schwab W, Song C. Amplification of early drought responses caused by volatile cues emitted from neighboring plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:243. [PMID: 34782598 PMCID: PMC8593122 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to survive in dynamic environments. Plants can communicate via volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to warn neighboring plants of threats. In most cases, VOCs act as positive regulators of plant defense. However, the communication and role of volatiles in response to drought stress are poorly understood. Here, we showed that tea plants release numerous VOCs. Among them, methyl salicylate (MeSA), benzyl alcohol, and phenethyl alcohol markedly increased under drought stress. Interestingly, further experiments revealed that drought-induced MeSA lowered the abscisic acid (ABA) content in neighboring plants by reducing 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene expression, resulting in inhibition of stomatal closure and ultimately decreasing early drought tolerance in neighboring plants. Exogenous application of ABA reduced the wilting of tea plants caused by MeSA exposure. Exposure of Nicotiana benthamiana to MeSA also led to severe wilting, indicating that the ability of drought-induced MeSA to reduce early drought tolerance in neighboring plants may be conserved in other plant species. Taken together, these results provide evidence that drought-induced volatiles can reduce early drought tolerance in neighboring plants and lay a novel theoretical foundation for optimizing plant density and spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xianchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jin Huang
- Biotechnology Institute, Chengdu Newsun Crop Science Co., Ltd, 610212, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.
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29
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Cheng YS, Bai LP, Zhang L, Chen G, Fan JG, Xu S, Guo ZF. Identification and characterization of AnICE1 and AnCBFs involved in cold tolerance from Ammopiptanthus nanus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:70-82. [PMID: 34624610 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ICE-CBF-COR pathway plays a vital role in improving the cold tolerance of plants. As an evergreen small shrub, Ammopiptanthus nanus has a high tolerance to cold stress because of its special growth conditions. Regrettably, no cold-responsive genes in the ICE-CBF-COR pathway have been reported in A. nanus. In the current study, we isolated AnICE1, AnCBF1, and AnCBF2 in A. nanus and analyzed their sequence structure. Evolutionary analysis indicated that these genes are most closely related to those from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Glycine max, Spatholobus suberectus, and Cajanus cajan, all belonging to the Fabaceae. Expression analysis showed that the expression levels of these genes were induced under cold stress and treatment with several plant hormones. As a critical upstream regulator in the ICE-CBF-COR pathway, the function of AnICE1 was further identified. The subcellular localization indicated that AnICE1 is predominantly localized in the plasma membrane and less in the nucleus. Overexpression of AnICE1 in Arabidopsis thaliana improved seed germination and growth of transgenic seedlings during cold stress. Moreover, some physiological indices such as relative electrical conductivity, contents of proline and malondialdehyde, catalase activity, and Nitro Blue tetrazolium and 3.3'-diaminobenzidine staining were investigated by transient expression in A. nanus seedlings and stable overexpression in A. thaliana. These results indicated that AnICE1 enhanced cold tolerance in A. nanus and transgenic A. thaliana. This study is significant for understanding the cold-resistant mechanism of ICE and CBF genes in A. nanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Forestry Biotechnology and Analysis Test Center, Liaoning Academy of Forestry Sciences, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Ju-Gang Fan
- Forestry Biotechnology and Analysis Test Center, Liaoning Academy of Forestry Sciences, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhi-Fu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China.
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30
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Wang P, Yu J, Jin S, Chen S, Yue C, Wang W, Gao S, Cao H, Zheng Y, Gu M, Chen X, Sun Y, Guo Y, Yang J, Zhang X, Ye N. Genetic basis of high aroma and stress tolerance in the oolong tea cultivar genome. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:107. [PMID: 33931633 PMCID: PMC8087695 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) are commercially cultivated in >60 countries, and their fresh leaves are processed into tea, which is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Although several chromosome-level tea plant genomes have been published, they collapsed the two haplotypes and ignored a large number of allelic variations that may underlie important biological functions in this species. Here, we present a phased chromosome-scale assembly for an elite oolong tea cultivar, "Huangdan", that is well known for its high levels of aroma. Based on the two sets of haplotype genome data, we identified numerous genetic variations and a substantial proportion of allelic imbalance related to important traits, including aroma- and stress-related alleles. Comparative genomics revealed extensive structural variations as well as expansion of some gene families, such as terpene synthases (TPSs), that likely contribute to the high-aroma characteristics of the backbone parent, underlying the molecular basis for the biosynthesis of aroma-related chemicals in oolong tea. Our results uncovered the genetic basis of special features of this oolong tea cultivar, providing fundamental genomic resources to study evolution and domestication for the economically important tea crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shan Jin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuan Yue
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenling Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuilian Gao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongli Cao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengya Gu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuejin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiangfan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120, Shenzhen, China.
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Naixing Ye
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
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31
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Wang P, Jin S, Chen X, Wu L, Zheng Y, Yue C, Guo Y, Zhang X, Yang J, Ye N. Chromatin accessibility and translational landscapes of tea plants under chilling stress. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:96. [PMID: 33931606 PMCID: PMC8087716 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved regulatory mechanisms at multiple levels to regulate gene expression in order to improve their cold adaptability. However, limited information is available regarding the stress response at the chromatin and translational levels. Here, we characterize the chromatin accessibility, transcriptional, and translational landscapes of tea plants in vivo under chilling stress for the first time. Chilling stress significantly affected both the transcription and translation levels as well as the translation efficiency of tea plants. A total of 3010 genes that underwent rapid and independent translation under chilling stress were observed, and they were significantly enriched in the photosynthesis-antenna protein and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. A set of genes that were significantly responsive to cold at the transcription and translation levels, including four (+)-neomenthol dehydrogenases (MNDs) and two (E)-nerolidol synthases (NESs) arranged in tandem on the chromosomes, were also found. We detected potential upstream open reading frames (uORFs) on 3082 genes and found that tea plants may inhibit the overall expression of genes by enhancing the translation of uORFs under chilling stress. In addition, we identified distal transposase hypersensitive sites (THSs) and proximal THSs and constructed a transcriptional regulatory network for tea plants under chilling stress. We also identified 13 high-confidence transcription factors (TFs) that may play a crucial role in cold regulation. These results provide valuable information regarding the potential transcriptional regulatory network in plants and help to clarify how plants exhibit flexible responses to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shan Jin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xuejin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liangyu Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chuan Yue
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yongchun Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jiangfan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Naixing Ye
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Liu J, Magwanga RO, Xu Y, Wei T, Kirungu JN, Zheng J, Hou Y, Wang Y, Agong SG, Okuto E, Wang K, Zhou Z, Cai X, Liu F. Functional Characterization of Cotton C-Repeat Binding Factor Genes Reveal Their Potential Role in Cold Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:766130. [PMID: 34956264 PMCID: PMC8692369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is a common biological abiotic stress in major cotton-growing areas. Cold stress significantly affects the growth, yield, and yield quality of cotton. Therefore, it is important to develop more robust and cold stress-resilient cotton germplasms. In response to climate change and erratic weather conditions, plants have evolved various survival mechanisms, one of which involves the induction of various stress responsive transcript factors, of which the C-repeat-binding factors (CBFs) have a positive effect in enhancing plants response to cold stress. In this study, genomewide identification and functional characterization of the cotton CBFs were carried out. A total of 29, 28, 25, 21, 30, 26, and 15 proteins encoded by the CBF genes were identified in seven Gossypium species. A phylogenetic evaluation revealed seven clades, with Clades 1 and 6 being the largest. Moreover, the majority of the proteins encoded by the genes were predicted to be located within the nucleus, while some were distributed in other parts of the cell. Based on the transcriptome and RT-qPCR analysis, Gthu17439 (GthCBF4) was highly upregulated and was further validated through forward genetics. The Gthu17439 (GthCBF4) overexpressed plants exhibited significantly higher tolerance to cold stress, as evidenced by the higher germination rate, increased root growth, and high-induction levels of stress-responsive genes. Furthermore, the overexpressed plants under cold stress had significantly reduced oxidative damage due to a reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Moreover, the overexpressed plants under cold stress had minimal cell damage compared to the wild types, as evidenced by the Trypan and 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining effect. The results showed that the Gthu17439 (GthCBF4) could be playing a significant role in enhancing cold stress tolerance in cotton and can be further exploited in developing cotton germplasm with improved cold-stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangna Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University (SBPMAS), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Richard Odongo Magwanga
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
- School of Biological, Physical, Mathematics and Actuarial Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
| | - Yanchao Xu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
| | - Joy Nyangasi Kirungu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University (SBPMAS), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
| | - Stephen Gaya Agong
- School of Biological, Physical, Mathematics and Actuarial Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
| | - Erick Okuto
- School of Biological, Physical, Mathematics and Actuarial Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
| | - Kunbo Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongli Zhou,
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
- Xiaoyan Cai,
| | - Fang Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University (SBPMAS), Zhengzhou, China
- Fang Liu,
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Samarina LS, Bobrovskikh AV, Doroshkov AV, Malyukova LS, Matskiv AO, Rakhmangulov RS, Koninskaya NG, Malyarovskaya VI, Tong W, Xia E, Manakhova KA, Ryndin AV, Orlov YL. Comparative Expression Analysis of Stress-Inducible Candidate Genes in Response to Cold and Drought in Tea Plant [ Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze]. Front Genet 2020; 11:611283. [PMID: 33424935 PMCID: PMC7786056 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.611283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold and drought are two of the most severe threats affecting the growth and productivity of the tea plant, limiting its global spread. Both stresses cause osmotic changes in the cells of the tea plant by decreasing their water potential. To develop cultivars that are tolerant to both stresses, it is essential to understand the genetic responses of tea plant to these two stresses, particularly in terms of the genes involved. In this study, we combined literature data with interspecific transcriptomic analyses (using Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum) to choose genes related to cold tolerance. We identified 45 stress-inducible candidate genes associated with cold and drought responses in tea plants based on a comprehensive homologous detection method. Of these, nine were newly characterized by us, and 36 had previously been reported. The gene network analysis revealed upregulated expression in ICE1-related cluster of bHLH factors, HSP70/BAM5 connected genes (hexokinases, galactinol synthases, SnRK complex, etc.) indicating their possible co-expression. Using qRT-PCR we revealed that 10 genes were significantly upregulated in response to both cold and drought in tea plant: HSP70, GST, SUS1, DHN1, BMY5, bHLH102, GR-RBP3, ICE1, GOLS1, and GOLS3. SnRK1.2, HXK1/2, bHLH7/43/79/93 were specifically upregulated in cold, while RHL41, CAU1, Hydrolase22 were specifically upregulated in drought. Interestingly, the expression of CIP was higher in the recovery stage of both stresses, indicating its potentially important role in plant recovery after stress. In addition, some genes, such as DHN3, bHLH79, PEI54, SnRK1.2, SnRK1.3, and Hydrolase22, were significantly positively correlated between the cold and drought responses. CBF1, GOLS1, HXK2, and HXK3, by contrast, showed significantly negative correlations between the cold and drought responses. Our results provide valuable information and robust candidate genes for future functional analyses intended to improve the stress tolerance of the tea plant and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiia S Samarina
- Biotechnology Department, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Alexandr V Bobrovskikh
- Biotechnology Department, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia.,Institute Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V Doroshkov
- Biotechnology Department, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia.,Institute Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila S Malyukova
- Biotechnology Department, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Alexandra O Matskiv
- Biotechnology Department, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Ruslan S Rakhmangulov
- Biotechnology Department, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Natalia G Koninskaya
- Biotechnology Department, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Valentina I Malyarovskaya
- Biotechnology Department, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Enhua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Karina A Manakhova
- Biotechnology Department, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ryndin
- Biotechnology Department, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Yuriy L Orlov
- Biotechnology Department, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia.,Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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34
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Samarina L, Matskiv A, Simonyan T, Koninskaya N, Malyarovskaya V, Gvasaliya M, Malyukova L, Tsaturyan G, Mytdyeva A, Martinez-Montero ME, Choudhary R, Ryndin A. Biochemical and Genetic Responses of Tea ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Microplants under Mannitol-Induced Osmotic Stress In Vitro. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121795. [PMID: 33348920 PMCID: PMC7766420 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osmotic stress is a major factor reducing the growth and yield of many horticultural crops worldwide. To reveal reliable markers of tolerant genotypes, we need a comprehensive understanding of the responsive mechanisms in crops. In vitro stress induction can be an efficient tool to study the mechanisms of responses in plants to help gain a better understanding of the physiological and genetic responses of plant tissues against each stress factor. In the present study, the osmotic stress was induced by addition of mannitol into the culture media to reveal biochemical and genetic responses of tea microplants. The contents of proline, threonine, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate were increased in leaves during mannitol treatment. The expression level of several genes, namely DHN2, LOX1, LOX6, BAM, SUS1, TPS11, RS1, RS2, and SnRK1.3, was elevated by 2–10 times under mannitol-induced osmotic stress, while the expression of many other stress-related genes was not changed significantly. Surprisingly, down-regulation of the following genes, viz. bHLH12, bHLH7, bHLH21, bHLH43, CBF1, WRKY2, SWEET1, SWEET2, SWEET3, INV5, and LOX7, was observed. During this study, two major groups of highly correlated genes were observed. The first group included seven genes, namely CBF1, DHN3, HXK2,SnRK1.1, SPS, SWEET3, and SWEET1. The second group comprised eight genes, viz. DHN2, SnRK1.3, HXK3, RS1, RS2,LOX6, SUS4, and BAM5. A high level of correlation indicates the high strength connection of the genes which can be co-expressed or can be linked to the joint regulons. The present study demonstrates that tea plants develop several adaptations to cope under osmotic stress in vitro; however, some important stress-related genes were silent or downregulated in microplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiia Samarina
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +79-66-7709038
| | - Alexandra Matskiv
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Taisiya Simonyan
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Natalia Koninskaya
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Valentina Malyarovskaya
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Maya Gvasaliya
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Lyudmila Malyukova
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Gregory Tsaturyan
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Alfiya Mytdyeva
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Marcos Edel Martinez-Montero
- Department of Plant Breeding and Plant Conservation, Bioplantas Center, University of Ciego de Avila, Ciego de Avila 65200, Cuba;
| | - Ravish Choudhary
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Alexey Ryndin
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
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