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Kaur J, Manchanda P, Kaur H, Kumar P, Kalia A, Sharma SP, Taggar MS. In-Silico Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in Resistant Starch Biosynthesis in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01121-w. [PMID: 38509332 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an important horticultural crop is a member of the family Solanaceae and is mainly grown for consumption at global level. Starch, the principal component of tubers, is one of the significant elements for food and non-food-based applications. The genes associated with biosynthesis of starch have been investigated extensively over the last few decades. However, a complete regulation pathway of constituent of amylose and amylopectin are still not deeply explored. The current in-silico study of genes related to amylose and amylopectin synthesis and their genomic organization in potato is still lacking. In the current study, the nucleotide and amino acid arrangement in genome and twenty-two genes linked to starch biosynthesis pathway in potato were analysed. The genomic structure analysis was also performed to find out the structural pattern and phylogenetic relationship of genes. The genome mining and structure analysis identified ten specific motifs and phylogenetic analysis of starch biosynthesis genes divided them into three different clades on the basis of their functioning and phylogeny. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of amylose biosynthesis pathway genes in three contrast genotypes revealed the down-gene expression that leads to identify potential cultivar for functional genomic approaches. These potential lines may help to achieve higher content of resistant starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Pooja Manchanda
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
| | - Harleen Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Adesh Medical College & Hospital, Mohri, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136135, India
| | - Anu Kalia
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Sat Pal Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Monica Sachdeva Taggar
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
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Kumar P, Madhawan A, Sharma A, Sharma V, Das D, Parveen A, Fandade V, Sharma D, Roy J. A sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 1 gene from wheat, TaSnRK1α regulates starch biosynthesis by modulating AGPase activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108407. [PMID: 38340690 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Major portion of wheat grain consist of carbohydrate, mainly starch. The proportion of amylose and amylopectin in starch greatly influence the end product quality. Advancement in understanding starch biosynthesis pathway and modulating key genes has enabled the genetic modification of crops resulting in enhanced starch quality. However, the regulation of starch biosynthesis genes still remains unexplored. So, to expand the limited knowledge, here, we characterized a Ser/Thr kinase, SnRK1α in wheat and determined its role in regulating starch biosynthesis. SnRK1 is an evolutionary conserved protein kinase and share homology to yeast SNF1. Yeast complementation assay suggests TaSnRK1α restores growth defect and promotes glycogen accumulation. Domain analysis and complementation assay with truncated domain proteins suggest the importance of ATP-binding and UBA domain in TaSnRK1α activity. Sub-cellular localization identified nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of TaSnRK1α in tobacco leaves. Further, heterologous over-expression (O/E) of TaSnRK1α in Arabidopsis not only led to increase in starch content but also enlarges the starch granules. TaSnRK1α was found to restore starch accumulation in Arabidopsis kin10. Remarkably, TaSnRK1α O/E increases the AGPase activity suggesting the direct regulation of rate limiting enzyme AGPase involved in starch biosynthesis. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo interaction assay reveal that TaSnRK1α interacts with AGPase large sub-unit. Overall, our findings indicate that TaSnRK1α plays a role in starch biosynthesis by regulating AGPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon 8 Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Akansha Madhawan
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon 8 Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Akshya Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Vinita Sharma
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepak Das
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon 8 Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Afsana Parveen
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Vikas Fandade
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon 8 Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Joy Roy
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
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Yu G, Mou Y, Shoaib N, He X, Liu L, Di R, Mughal N, Zhang N, Huang Y. Serine 31 Phosphorylation-Driven Regulation of AGPase Activity: Potential Implications for Enhanced Starch Yields in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15283. [PMID: 37894964 PMCID: PMC10607544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), which catalyzes the transformation of ATP and glucose-1-phosphate (Glc-1-P) into adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADP-Glc), acts as a rate-limiting enzyme in crop starch biosynthesis. Prior research has hinted at the regulation of AGPase by phosphorylation in maize. However, the identification and functional implications of these sites remain to be elucidated. In this study, we identified the phosphorylation site (serine at the 31st position of the linear amino acid sequence) of the AGPase large subunit (Sh2) using iTRAQTM. Subsequently, to ascertain the impact of Sh2 phosphorylation on AGPase, we carried out site-directed mutations creating Sh2-S31A (serine residue replaced with alanine) to mimic dephosphorylation and Sh2-S31D (serine residue replaced with aspartic acid) or Sh2-S31E (serine residue replaced with glutamic acid) to mimic phosphorylation. Preliminary investigations were performed to determine Sh2 subcellular localization, its interaction with Bt2, and the resultant AGPase enzymatic activity. Our findings indicate that phosphorylation exerts no impact on the stability or localization of Sh2. Furthermore, none of these mutations at the S31 site of Sh2 seem to affect its interaction with Bt2 (smaller subunit). Intriguingly, all S31 mutations in Sh2 appear to enhance AGPase activity when co-transfected with Bt2, with Sh2-S31E demonstrating a substantial five-fold increase in AGPase activity compared to Sh2. These novel insights lay a foundational groundwork for targeted improvements in AGPase activity, thus potentially accelerating the production of ADP-Glc (the primary substrate for starch synthesis), promising implications for improved starch biosynthesis, and holding the potential to significantly impact agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (N.S.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (N.M.); (Y.H.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Crop Science Education, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuewei Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (N.S.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (N.M.); (Y.H.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Crop Science Education, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Noman Shoaib
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (N.S.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (N.M.); (Y.H.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Crop Science Education, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuewu He
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China;
| | - Lun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (N.S.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (N.M.); (Y.H.)
| | - Runze Di
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (N.S.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (N.M.); (Y.H.)
| | - Nishbah Mughal
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (N.S.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (N.M.); (Y.H.)
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Yubi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (N.S.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (N.M.); (Y.H.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Crop Science Education, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Payne D, Li Y, Govindan G, Kumar A, Thomas J, Addo-Quaye CA, Pereira A, Sunkar R. High Daytime Temperature Responsive MicroRNA Profiles in Developing Grains of Rice Varieties with Contrasting Chalkiness. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11631. [PMID: 37511395 PMCID: PMC10380806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperature impairs starch biosynthesis in developing rice grains and thereby increases chalkiness, affecting the grain quality. Genome encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) fine-tune target transcript abundances in a spatio-temporal specific manner, and this mode of gene regulation is critical for a myriad of developmental processes as well as stress responses. However, the role of miRNAs in maintaining rice grain quality/chalkiness during high daytime temperature (HDT) stress is relatively unknown. To uncover the role of miRNAs in this process, we used five contrasting rice genotypes (low chalky lines Cyp, Ben, and KB and high chalky lines LaGrue and NB) and compared the miRNA profiles in the R6 stage caryopsis samples from plants subjected to prolonged HDT (from the onset of fertilization through R6 stage of caryopsis development). Our small RNA analysis has identified approximately 744 miRNAs that can be grouped into 291 families. Of these, 186 miRNAs belonging to 103 families are differentially regulated under HDT. Only two miRNAs, Osa-miR444f and Osa-miR1866-5p, were upregulated in all genotypes, implying that the regulations greatly varied between the genotypes. Furthermore, not even a single miRNA was commonly up/down regulated specifically in the three tolerant genotypes. However, three miRNAs (Osa-miR1866-3p, Osa-miR5150-3p and canH-miR9774a,b-3p) were commonly upregulated and onemiRNA (Osa-miR393b-5p) was commonly downregulated specifically in the sensitive genotypes (LaGrue and NB). These observations suggest that few similarities exist within the low chalky or high chalky genotypes, possibly due to high genetic variation. Among the five genotypes used, Cypress and LaGrue are genetically closely related, but exhibit contrasting chalkiness under HDT, and thus, a comparison between them is most relevant. This comparison revealed a general tendency for Cypress to display miRNA regulations that could decrease chalkiness under HDT compared with LaGrue. This study suggests that miRNAs could play an important role in maintaining grain quality in HDT-stressed rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Payne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Yongfang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Ganesan Govindan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Julie Thomas
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Charles A Addo-Quaye
- Department of Computer Science and Cybersecurity, Metropolitan State University, Saint Paul, MN 55106, USA
| | - Andy Pereira
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Sahoo S, Khuswaha GS, Misra N, Suar M. Exploiting AGPase genes and encoded proteins to prioritize development of optimum engineered strains in microalgae towards sustainable biofuel production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:209. [PMID: 37237168 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), with two large subunits (ls) and two small subunits (ss), is a promising knockout target for increasing the neutral lipid content, the details regarding the sequence-structure features and their distribution within metabolic system in microalgae is rather limited. Against this backdrop, a comprehensive genome-wide comparative analysis on 14 sequenced microalgal genomes was performed. For the first time the heterotetrameric structure of the enzyme and the interaction of the catalytic unit with the substrate was also studied. Novel findings of the present study includes: (i) at the DNA level, the genes controlling the ss are more conserved than those controlling the ls; the variation in both the gene groups is mainly due to exon number, exon length and exon phase distribution; (ii) at protein level, the ss genes are more conserved relative to those for ls; (III) three putative key consensus sequences 'LGGGAGTRLYPLTKNRAKPAV', 'WFQGTADAV' and 'ASMGIYVFRKD' were ubiquitously conserved in all the AGPases; (iv) molecular dynamics investigations revealed that the modeled AGPase heterotetrameric structure, from oleaginous algae Chlamydomonas reinharditii, was completely stable in real time environment; (v) The binding interfaces of catalytic unit, ssAGPase, from C. reinharditii with α-D-glucose 1-phosphate (αGP) was also analyzed. The results of the present study have provided system-based insights into the structure-function of the genes and encoded proteins, which provided clues for exploitation of variability in these genes that, could be further utilized to design site-specific mutagenic experiments for engineering of microalgal strains towards sustainable development of biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susrita Sahoo
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Gajraj Singh Khuswaha
- KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
- Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Namrata Misra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
- KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
- KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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6
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Xie W, He S, Fang S, Yin B, Tian R, Wang Y, Wang D. Analysis of starch dissolved in ionic liquid by glass nanopore at single molecular level. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124271. [PMID: 37019197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the glass nanopore technology was proposed to detect a single molecule of starch dissolved in ionic liquid [1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl)]. Firstly, the influence of BmimCl on nanopore detection is discussed. It is found that a certain amount of strong polar ionic liquids will disturb the charge distribution in nanopores and increase the detection noise. Then, by analysis of the characteristic current signal of the conical nanopore, the motion behaviour of starch near the entrance of the nanopore was studied and analysis the dominant ion of starch in the BmimCl dissolution process. Finally, based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy simply discussed the mechanism of amylose and amylopectin dissolved in BmimCl. These results confirm that branched chain structure would affect the dissolution of polysaccharides in ionic liquids and the contribution of anions to the dissolution of polysaccharides are dominant. It is further proved that the current signal can be used to judge the charge and structure information of the analyte, and the dissolution mechanism can be assist analyzed at the single molecule level.
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Adly WMRM, Niedbała G, EL-Denary ME, Mohamed MA, Piekutowska M, Wojciechowski T, Abd El-Salam EST, Fouad AS. Somaclonal Variation for Genetic Improvement of Starch Accumulation in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum) Tubers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:232. [PMID: 36678944 PMCID: PMC9865851 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Starch content is one of the major quality criteria targeted by potato breeding programs. Traditional potato breeding is a laborious duty due to the tetraploid nature and immense heterozygosity of potato genomes. In addition, screening for functional genetic variations in wild relatives is slow and strenuous. Moreover, genetic diversity, which is the raw material for breeding programs, is limited due to vegetative propagation used in the potato industry. Somaclonal variation provides a time-efficient tool to breeders for obtaining genetic variability, which is essential for breeding programs, at a reasonable cost and independent of sophisticated technology. The present investigation aimed to create potato somaclones with an improved potential for starch accumulation. Based on the weight and starch content of tubers, the somaclonal variant Ros 119, among 105 callus-sourced clones, recorded a higher tuberization potential than the parent cv Lady Rosetta in a field experiment. Although this somaclone was similar to the parent in the number of tubers produced, it exhibited tubers with 42 and 61% higher fresh and dry weights, respectively. Additionally, this clone recorded 10 and 75% increases in starch content based on the dry weight and average content per plant, respectively. The enhanced starch accumulation was associated with the upregulation of six starch-synthesis-related genes, namely, the AGPase, GBSS I, SBE I, SBE II, SS II and SS III genes. AGPase affords the glycosyl moieties required for the synthesis of amylose and amylopectin. GBSS is required for amylose elongation, while SBE I, SBE II, SS II and SS III are responsible for amylopectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M. R. M. Adly
- Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Gniewko Niedbała
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Mahasen A. Mohamed
- Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Magdalena Piekutowska
- Department of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Partyzantów 27, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wojciechowski
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Ahmed S. Fouad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Hartman MD, Rojas BE, Ferrero DML, Leyva A, Durán R, Iglesias AA, Figueroa CM. Phosphorylation of aldose-6-phosphate reductase from Prunus persica leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:461-469. [PMID: 36508780 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-alcohols are major photosynthates in plants from the Rosaceae family. Expression of the gene encoding aldose-6-phosphate reductase (Ald6PRase), the critical enzyme for glucitol synthesis in rosaceous species, is regulated by physiological and environmental cues. Additionally, Ald6PRase is inhibited by small molecules (hexose-phosphates and inorganic orthophosphate) and oxidizing compounds. This work demonstrates that Ald6PRase from peach leaves is phosphorylated in planta at the N-terminus. We also show in vitro phosphorylation of recombinant Ald6PRase by a partially purified kinase extract from peach leaves containing Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). Moreover, phosphorylation of recombinant Ald6PRase was inhibited by hexose-phosphates, phosphoenolpyruvate and pyrophosphate. We further show that phosphorylation of recombinant Ald6PRase was maximal using recombinant CDPKs. Overall, our results suggest that phosphorylation could fine-tune the activity of Ald6PRase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías D Hartman
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bruno E Rojas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Danisa M L Ferrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Leyva
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable and Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosario Durán
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable and Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Racca S, Gras DE, Canal MV, Ferrero LV, Rojas BE, Figueroa CM, Ariel FD, Welchen E, Gonzalez DH. Cytochrome c and the transcription factor ABI4 establish a molecular link between mitochondria and ABA-dependent seed germination. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1780-1795. [PMID: 35637555 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During germination, seed reserves are mobilised to sustain the metabolic and energetic demands of plant growth. Mitochondrial respiration is presumably required to drive germination in several species, but only recently its role in this process has begun to be elucidated. Using Arabidopsis thaliana lines with changes in the levels of the respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc), we investigated the role of this protein in germination and its relationship with hormonal pathways. Cytochrome c deficiency causes delayed seed germination, which correlates with decreased cyanide-sensitive respiration and ATP production at the onset of germination. In addition, CYTc affects the sensitivity of germination to abscisic acid (ABA), which negatively regulates the expression of CYTC-2, one of two CYTc-encoding genes in Arabidopsis. CYTC-2 acts downstream of the transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4), which binds to a region of the CYTC-2 promoter required for repression by ABA and regulates its expression. The results show that CYTc is a main player during seed germination through its role in respiratory metabolism and energy production. In addition, the direct regulation of CYTC-2 by ABI4 and its effect on ABA-responsive germination establishes a link between mitochondrial and hormonal functions during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Racca
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diana E Gras
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Victoria Canal
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucía V Ferrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bruno E Rojas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Federico D Ariel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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10
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Gao H, Niu J, Zhao W, Zhang D, Li S, Xu Y, Liu Y. The Effect and Regulation Mechanism of Powdery Mildew on Wheat Grain Carbon Metabolism. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Gao
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou Normal University Zhengzhou 450044 China
| | - Jishan Niu
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450046 China
| | - Wanyong Zhao
- College of Food and Bioengineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Dale Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Suoping Li
- School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou Normal University Zhengzhou 450044 China
| | - Yumiao Liu
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou Normal University Zhengzhou 450044 China
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11
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Figueroa CM, Asencion Diez MD, Ballicora MA, Iglesias AA. Structure, function, and evolution of plant ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:307-323. [PMID: 35006475 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines research performed in the last two decades on the structural, kinetic, regulatory and evolutionary aspects of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, the regulatory enzyme for starch biosynthesis. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADP-Glc PPase) catalyzes the first committed step in the pathway of glycogen and starch synthesis in bacteria and plants, respectively. Plant ADP-Glc PPase is a heterotetramer allosterically regulated by metabolites and post-translational modifications. In this review, we focus on the three-dimensional structure of the plant enzyme, the amino acids that bind the regulatory molecules, and the regions involved in transmitting the allosteric signal to the catalytic site. We provide a model for the evolution of the small and large subunits, which produce heterotetramers with distinct catalytic and regulatory properties. Additionally, we review the various post-translational modifications observed in ADP-Glc PPases from different species and tissues. Finally, we discuss the subcellular localization of the enzyme found in grain endosperm from grasses, such as maize and rice. Overall, this work brings together research performed in the last two decades to better understand the multiple mechanisms involved in the regulation of ADP-Glc PPase. The rational modification of this enzyme could improve the yield and resilience of economically important crops, which is particularly important in the current scenario of climate change and food shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matías D Asencion Diez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Ballicora
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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12
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Radha B, Sunitha NC, Sah RP, T P MA, Krishna GK, Umesh DK, Thomas S, Anilkumar C, Upadhyay S, Kumar A, Ch L N M, S B, Marndi BC, Siddique KHM. Physiological and molecular implications of multiple abiotic stresses on yield and quality of rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:996514. [PMID: 36714754 PMCID: PMC9874338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.996514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses adversely affect rice yield and productivity, especially under the changing climatic scenario. Exposure to multiple abiotic stresses acting together aggravates these effects. The projected increase in global temperatures, rainfall variability, and salinity will increase the frequency and intensity of multiple abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses affect paddy physiology and deteriorate grain quality, especially milling quality and cooking characteristics. Understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms behind grain quality reduction under multiple abiotic stresses is needed to breed cultivars that can tolerate multiple abiotic stresses. This review summarizes the combined effect of various stresses on rice physiology, focusing on grain quality parameters and yield traits, and discusses strategies for improving grain quality parameters using high-throughput phenotyping with omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena Radha
- Department of Plant Physiology, Kerala Agricultural University-College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Rameswar P Sah
- Division of Crop Production, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Md Azharudheen T P
- Division of Crop Production, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - G K Krishna
- Department of Plant Physiology, Kerala Agricultural University-College of Agriculture, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Deepika Kumar Umesh
- Mulberry Breeding & Genetics Section, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute-Berhampore, Central Silk Board, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India
| | - Sini Thomas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Kerala Agricultural University-Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kumarakom, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrappa Anilkumar
- Division of Crop Production, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Sameer Upadhyay
- Division of Crop Production, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Production, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Manikanta Ch L N
- Department of Plant Physiology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Behera S
- Division of Crop Production, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu Charan Marndi
- Division of Crop Production, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The University of Western Australia Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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13
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Arenas-M A, Castillo FM, Godoy D, Canales J, Calderini DF. Transcriptomic and Physiological Response of Durum Wheat Grain to Short-Term Heat Stress during Early Grain Filling. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010059. [PMID: 35009063 PMCID: PMC8747107 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In a changing climate, extreme weather events such as heatwaves will be more frequent and could affect grain weight and the quality of crops such as wheat, one of the most significant crops in terms of global food security. In this work, we characterized the response of Triticum turgidum L. spp. durum wheat to short-term heat stress (HS) treatment at transcriptomic and physiological levels during early grain filling in glasshouse experiments. We found a significant reduction in grain weight (23.9%) and grain dimensions from HS treatment. Grain quality was also affected, showing a decrease in starch content (20.8%), in addition to increments in grain protein levels (14.6%), with respect to the control condition. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis of durum wheat grains allowed us to identify 1590 differentially expressed genes related to photosynthesis, response to heat, and carbohydrate metabolic process. A gene regulatory network analysis of HS-responsive genes uncovered novel transcription factors (TFs) controlling the expression of genes involved in abiotic stress response and grain quality, such as a member of the DOF family predicted to regulate glycogen and starch biosynthetic processes in response to HS in grains. In summary, our results provide new insights into the extensive transcriptome reprogramming that occurs during short-term HS in durum wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Arenas-M
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (A.A.-M.); (F.M.C.)
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Francisca M. Castillo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (A.A.-M.); (F.M.C.)
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Diego Godoy
- Plant Production and Plant Protection Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Javier Canales
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (A.A.-M.); (F.M.C.)
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (D.F.C.)
| | - Daniel F. Calderini
- Plant Production and Plant Protection Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (D.F.C.)
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14
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Wan C, Gao L, Wang J, Lei X, Wu Y, Gao J. Proteomics characterization nitrogen fertilizer promotes the starch synthesis and metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis in common buckwheat. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:342-349. [PMID: 34599992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) affects common buckwheat quality by affecting starch and amino acids (AAs) content, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. We selected two common buckwheat varieties with high and low starch content, and designed two treatments with 180 and 0 kg N/ha. Application of high-N led to significant increases in starch, amylose and amylopectin content. Of 1337 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) induced by high-N conditions. 472DEPs were significantly upregulated and 176DEPs downregulated for Xinong9976. 239DEPs were significantly upregulated and 126DEPs downregulated for Beizaosheng. The six alpha-glucan phosphorylases, three alpha-amylases, one granule-bound starch synthase 1 and one sucrose synthase exhibited higher expression at the 180 kg N/ha than at the 0 kg N/ha. In addition, high-N application promoted arginine, leucine, isoleucine and valine biosynthesis. This study revealed the effect of N on the starch and AA content of common buckwheat and its mechanism. The crucial proteins identified may develop the quality of common buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wan
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Licheng Gao
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xinhui Lei
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yixin Wu
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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15
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Kumar A, Prajapati D, Devi KA, Pal A, Choudhary U, Dashora A, Choudhary J, Joshi A, Saharan V. Slow-release Zn application through Zn-chitosan nanoparticles in wheat to intensify source activity and sink strength. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:272-281. [PMID: 34666280 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Source activity and sink strength are important aspects to measure growth and yield in wheat. Despite zinc's extended functions in the amendment of plant metabolic activities, critical research findings are missing on mapping the elusive interplays of slow-release zinc (Zn) application from nanoparticles (NPs) in crop plants. The present study reports that slow-releasing Zn application through Zn-chitosan NPs bestows myriad effects on source activity and sink strength in wheat plants. Herein, effects of foliar application of Zn-chitosan NPs (0.04-0.16%; w/v) at booting stage of wheat crop were evaluated to quantify the source sink potential compared to ZnSO4. Zn-chitosan NPs endowed elevated source activity by up-regulating cellular redox homeostasis by improving the antioxidant status, cellular stability and higher photosynthesis. Cognately, in the field experiment, NPs (0.08-0.16%, w/v) significantly spurred sink strength by up-regulating starch biosynthesis enzymes viz. sucrose synthase (SUS), invertase (INV), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and accumulated more starch in developing wheat grains. Concomitantly, higher spike lengths without awns, significantly higher number of grains/spike, test weight (24% more than ZnSO4 treatment), yield (21% more than ZnSO4 treatment), biological yield and harvest index quantified the higher sink size to further validate the better sink strength in slow-release Zn application via chitosan NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Damyanti Prajapati
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Khaidem Aruna Devi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India
| | - Urmila Choudhary
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Wheat and Barley, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Abhay Dashora
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Wheat and Barley, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Jagdish Choudhary
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Wheat and Barley, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Arunabh Joshi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India.
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16
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Huang L, Tan H, Zhang C, Li Q, Liu Q. Starch biosynthesis in cereal endosperms: An updated review over the last decade. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100237. [PMID: 34746765 PMCID: PMC8554040 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Starch is a vital energy source for living organisms and is a key raw material and additive in the food and non-food industries. Starch has received continuous attention in multiple research fields. The endosperm of cereals (e.g., rice, corn, wheat, and barley) is the most important site for the synthesis of storage starch. Around 2010, several excellent reviews summarized key progress in various fields of starch research, serving as important references for subsequent research. In the past 10 years, many achievements have been made in the study of starch synthesis and regulation in cereals. The present review provides an update on research progress in starch synthesis of cereal endosperms over the past decade, focusing on new enzymes and non-enzymatic proteins involved in starch synthesis, regulatory networks of starch synthesis, and the use of elite alleles of starch synthesis-related genes in cereal breeding programs. We also provide perspectives on future research directions that will further our understanding of cereal starch biosynthesis and regulation to support the rational design of ideal quality grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hongyan Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qianfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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17
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Figueroa CM, Lunn JE, Iglesias AA. Nucleotide-sugar metabolism in plants: the legacy of Luis F. Leloir. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4053-4067. [PMID: 33948638 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review commemorates the 50th anniversary of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Luis F. Leloir 'for his discovery of sugar-nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates'. He and his co-workers discovered that activated forms of simple sugars, such as UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, are essential intermediates in the interconversion of sugars. They elucidated the biosynthetic pathways for sucrose and starch, which are the major end-products of photosynthesis, and for trehalose. Trehalose 6-phosphate, the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis that they discovered, is now a molecule of great interest due to its function as a sugar signalling metabolite that regulates many aspects of plant metabolism and development. The work of the Leloir group also opened the doors to an understanding of the biosynthesis of cellulose and other structural cell wall polysaccharides (hemicelluloses and pectins), and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Nucleotide-sugars also serve as sugar donors for a myriad of glycosyltransferases that conjugate sugars to other molecules, including lipids, phytohormones, secondary metabolites, and proteins, thereby modifying their biological activity. In this review, we highlight the diversity of nucleotide-sugars and their functions in plants, in recognition of Leloir's rich and enduring legacy to plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000 Santa Fe,Argentina
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000 Santa Fe,Argentina
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18
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Wang J, Chen Z, Zhang Q, Meng S, Wei C. The NAC Transcription Factors OsNAC20 and OsNAC26 Regulate Starch and Storage Protein Synthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:1775-1791. [PMID: 32989010 PMCID: PMC7723083 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Starch and storage proteins determine the weight and quality of cereal grains. Synthesis of these two grain components has been comprehensively investigated, but the transcription factors responsible for their regulation remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the roles of NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) transcription factors, OsNAC20, and OsNAC26 in starch and storage protein synthesis in rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm. OsNAC20 and OsNAC26 showed high levels of amino acid sequence similarity. Both were localized in the aleurone layer, starchy endosperm, and embryo. Mutation of OsNAC20 or OsNAC26 alone had no effect on the grain, while the osnac20/26 double mutant had significantly decreased starch and storage protein content. OsNAC20 and OsNAC26 alone could directly transactivate the expression of starch synthaseI (SSI), pullulanase (Pul), glutelin A1 (GluA1), glutelin B4/5 (GluB4/5), α-globulin, and 16 kD prolamin and indirectly influenced plastidial disproportionating enzyme1 (DPE1) expression to regulate starch and storage protein synthesis. Although they could also bind to the promoters of ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2b (AGPS2b), ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase large subunit 2 (AGPL2), and starch branching enzymeI (SBEI), and the expression of the three genes was largely decreased in the osnac20/26 mutant, ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase and starch branching enzyme activities were unchanged in this double mutant. In addition, OsNAC20 and OsNAC26 are main regulators of Pul, GluB4, α-globulin, and 16 kD prolamin In conclusion, OsNAC20 and OsNAC26 play an essential and redundant role in the regulation of starch and storage protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zichun Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shanshan Meng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Cunxu Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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