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Elshamly AMS, Iqbal R, Elshikh MS, Alwasel YA, Chaudhary T. Chitosan combined with humic applications during sensitive growth stages to drought improves nutritional status and water relations of sweet potato. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6351. [PMID: 38491017 PMCID: PMC10943102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The current decline in freshwater resources presents a significant global challenge to crop production, a situation expected to intensify with ongoing climate change. This underscores the need for extensive research to enhance crop yields under drought conditions, a priority for scientists given its vital role in global food security. Our study explores the effects of using humic and chitosan treatments to alleviate drought stress during critical growth phases and their impact on crop yield and water efficiency. We employed four different irrigation strategies: full irrigation, 70% irrigation at the early vine development stage, 70% irrigation during the storage root bulking stage, and 85% irrigation across both stages, complemented by full irrigation in other periods. The plants received either humic treatments through foliar spray or soil application, or chitosan foliar applications, with tap water serving as a control. Our findings highlight that the early vine development stage is particularly vulnerable to drought, with a 42.0% decrease in yield observed under such conditions. In normal growth scenarios, foliar application of humic substances significantly improved growth parameters, resulting in a substantial increase in yield and water efficiency by 66.9% and 68.4%, respectively, compared to the control treatment under full irrigation. For sweet potatoes irrigated with 70% water at the storage root bulking stage, ground application of humic substances outperformed both foliar applications of chitosan and humic in terms of yield results. The highest tuber yield and water efficiency were attained by combining chitosan and humic ground applications, regardless of whether 70% irrigation was used at the storage root bulking stage or 85% irrigation during both the early vine development and storage root bulking stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M S Elshamly
- Water Studies and Research Complex, National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmeen A Alwasel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Chaudhary
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, 2100, Hungary.
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Djalovic I, Prasad PVV, Akhtar K, Paunović A, Riaz M, Dugalic M, Katanski S, Zaheer S. Nitrogen Fertilization and Cultivar Interactions Determine Maize Yield and Grain Mineral Composition in Calcareous Soil under Semiarid Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:844. [PMID: 38592917 PMCID: PMC10975829 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the contributions of climate factors and fertilization to maize yield is significant for the assessment of climate change impacts on maize production under semiarid conditions. This experiment was conducted with an overall objective to find how N fertilization and cultivar interactions along with climatic conditions determine the mineral composition and maize yield responses of four divergent maize cultivars grown under eight different fertilization levels. The results showed that element contents were significantly affected by year (Y), cultivar (C), N fertilization, and N × C interaction. The element contents of grains were mainly influenced by N rate or N × C interactions. The results showed that maize yield was significantly affected by year (Y), genotype (G), N fertilization (N), and Y × G × N interaction. These results implied that the maize yield was significantly affected by changes in genotypes and environments. Overall, our findings are a result of the interactions of genetic, environmental, and agronomic management factors. Future studies could evaluate more extreme plant densities, N fertilizer levels, and environments to further enhance our understanding of management effects on the mineral composition and maize yield in calcareous soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 11060 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kashif Akhtar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio-Resources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | | | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Marijana Dugalic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nis, Kosančićeva 4, 37000 Kruševac, Serbia;
| | - Snežana Katanski
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 11060 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Sajjad Zaheer
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan;
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Abaza ASD, Elshamly AMS, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS, Ditta A. Impact of different sowing dates and irrigation levels on NPK absorption, yield and water use efficiency of maize. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12956. [PMID: 37563236 PMCID: PMC10415405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Upper Egypt experiences high temperatures during summer and low temperatures during winter, which significantly impacts the sowing dates of maize in this region. The productivity of maize crops and water use efficiency can be greatly affected by water stress and sowing dates (SDs). Therefore, it is crucial to determine the optimal irrigation level and SDs based on local conditions. To assess the effects, two irrigation levels were employed: (1) control (full irrigation water applied) and (2) 70% of irrigation water. Field experiments were conducted at the National Water Research Center's water studies and research complex station in Toshka. The aim was to evaluate two irrigation levels (full and limited irrigation) across five SDs (early: mid-February and March, normal: mid-June, and late: mid-August and September) in both 2019 and 2020, in order to identify the ideal sowing date (SD) and irrigation level. The normal SD resulted in an increased the growth season length between plant emergence and maturity. Conversely, the late SD reduced the number of days until plant maturity, resulting in higher grain yields and water use efficiency (WUE). Notably, the SD in September, coupled with the 70% irrigation level, yielded the highest productivity and WUE, with a productivity of 7014 kg ha-1 and a WUE of 0. 9 kg m-3. Based on the findings, it is recommended that regions with similar conditions consider cultivating maize seeds in September, adopting a 70% irrigation level, to achieve optimal N uptake, growth traits (plant height, ear length, ear weight, number of rows per ear, and grain index weight), yield, and WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S D Abaza
- Water Studies and Research Complex, National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman M S Elshamly
- Water Studies and Research Complex, National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (U), Dir Upper, KPK, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Ebbisa A. Mechanisms underlying cereal/legume intercropping as nature-based biofortification: A review. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe deficiencies of micronutrients known as hidden hunger are severely affecting more than one-half of the world’s population, which is highly related to low bioavailability of micronutrients, poor quality diets, and consumption of cereal-based foods in developing countries. Although numerous experiments proved biofortification as a paramount approach for improving hidden hunger around the world, its effectiveness is highly related to various soil factors, climate conditions, and the adoption rates of biofortified crops. Furthermore, agronomic biofortification may result in the sedimentation of heavy metals in the soil that pose another detrimental effect on plants and human health. In response to these challenges, several studies suggested intercropping as one of the feasible, eco-friendly, low-cost, and short-term approaches for improving the nutritional quality and yield of crops sustainable way. Besides, it is the cornerstone of climate-smart agriculture and the holistic solution for the most vulnerable area to solve malnutrition that disturbs human healthy catastrophically. Nevertheless, there is meager information on mechanisms and processes related to soil-plant interspecific interactions that lead to an increment of nutrients bioavailability to tackle the crisis of micronutrient deficiency in a nature-based solution. In this regard, this review tempted to (1) explore mechanisms and processes that can favor the bioavailability of Zn, Fe, P, etc. in soil and edible parts of crops, (2) synthesize available information on the benefits and synergic role of the intercropping system in food and nutritional security, and (3) outline the bottlenecks influencing the effectiveness of biofortification for promoting sustainable agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Based on this review SSA countries are malnourished due to limited access to diverse diets, supplementation, and commercially fortified food; hence, I suggest integrated research by agronomists, plant nutritionists, and agroecologist to intensify and utilize intercropping systems as biofortification sustainably alleviating micronutrient deficiencies.
Graphical Abstract
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Dragičević V, Brankov M, Stoiljković M, Tolimir M, Kanatas P, Travlos I, Simić M. Kernel color and fertilization as factors of enhanced maize quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1027618. [PMID: 36479516 PMCID: PMC9720313 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1027618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Maize is an important staple crop and a significant source of various nutrients. We aimed to determine the macronutrients, antioxidants, and essential elements in maize genotypes (white, yellow, and red kernel) using three different fertilizers, which could be used as a basis to increase the nutrient density of maize. The fertilizer treatments used bio- and organic fertilizers as a sustainable approach, urea, as a commonly used mineral fertilizer, and the control (no fertilization). We evaluated the yield, concentration of macronutrient (protein, oil, and starch), nonenzymatic antioxidants (phenolics, yellow pigment, total glutathione (GSH), and phytic phosphorus), and reduction capacity of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, as well as essential elements that are commonly deficient in the diet (Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and S) and their relationships with phytic acid. The genotype expressed the strongest effect on the variability of grain yield and the analyzed grain constituents. The red-kernel hybrid showed the greatest accumulation of protein, oil, phenolics, and essential elements (Ca, Fe, Cu, and S) than a yellow and white hybrid, especially in the biofertilizer treatment. The yellow kernel had the highest concentrations of yellow pigment, GSH, phytic phosphorous, Mg, Mn, and Zn (19.61 µg g-1, 1,134 nmol g-1, 2.63 mg g-1, 1,963 µg g-1, 11.7 µg g-1, and 33.9 µg g-1, respectively). The white kernel had a greater starch concentration (2.5% higher than that in the red hybrid) and the potential bioavailability of essential metals, particularly under no fertilization. This supports the significance of white maize as a staple food in many traditional diets across the world. Urea was important for the enhancement of the antioxidant status (with 88.0% reduction capacity for the DPPH radical) and increased potential Zn bioavailability in the maize kernels (13.3% higher than that in the biofertilizer treatment). This study underlines the differences in the yield potential and chemical composition of red, yellow, and white-kernel maize and their importance as a necessary part of a sustainable human diet. This information can help determine the most appropriate genotype based on the antioxidants and/or essential elements targeted for kernel improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Dragičević
- Group for Agro-ecology and Cropping Practices, Department for Breeding, Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Brankov
- Group for Agro-ecology and Cropping Practices, Department for Breeding, Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milovan Stoiljković
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Tolimir
- Group for Agro-ecology and Cropping Practices, Department for Breeding, Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ilias Travlos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Milena Simić
- Group for Agro-ecology and Cropping Practices, Department for Breeding, Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Belgrade, Serbia
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Band Phosphorus and Sulfur Fertilization as Drivers of Efficient Management of Nitrogen of Maize (Zea mays L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131660. [PMID: 35807612 PMCID: PMC9268923 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of nitrogen use (NUE) from mineral fertilizers is one of the most important priorities of modern agriculture. The objectives of the present study were to assess the role of different nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) rates on maize grain yield (GY), crop residue biomass, NUE indices, N concentration in plants during the growing season, N management indices and to select the most suitable set of NUE indicators. The following factors were tested: band application of di-ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulphate mixture (NPS fertilizer at rates 0, 8.7, 17.4, 26.2 kg ha−1 of P) and different total N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha−1 of N). In each year of the study, a clear trend of increased GY after NP(S) band application was observed. A particularly positive influence of that factor was confirmed at the lowest level of N fertilization. On average, the highest GY values were obtained for N2P3 and N3P1 treatments. The total N uptake and NUE indices also increased after the band application. In addition, a trend of improved N remobilization efficiency and the N contribution of remobilized N to grain as a result of band application of NP(S) was observed. Among various NUE indices, internal N utilization efficiency (IE) exhibited the strongest, yet negative, correlation with GY, whereas IE was a function of the N harvest index.
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Liu X, Zhang L, Yu Y, Qian C, Li C, Wei S, Li C, Gu W. Nitrogen and Chemical Control Management Improve Yield and Quality in High-Density Planting of Maize by Promoting Root-Bleeding Sap and Nutrient Absorption. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:754232. [PMID: 35812983 PMCID: PMC9260249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.754232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-density planting aggravates competition among plants and has a negative impact on plant growth and productivity. Nitrogen application and chemical control can improve plant growth and increase grain yield in high-density planting. Our experiment explored the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and plant growth regulators on maize root-bleeding sap, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) accumulation and translocation, and grain yield and quality in high-density planting. We established a field study during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons, with three nitrogen levels of N100 (100 kg ha-1), N200 (200 kg ha-1), and N300 (300 kg ha-1) at high-density planting (90,000 plants ha-1), and applied Yuhuangjin (a plant growth regulator mixture of 3% DTA-6 and 27% ethephon) at the 7th leaf. Our results showed that N200 application combined with chemical control could regulate amino acid and mineral nutrient concentration delivery rates in root-bleeding sap and improve its sap rate. Also, the treated plant exhibited higher P and K uptake and translocation ability. Furthermore, chemical control and N200 treatment maintained a high level of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), nitrate reductase (NR), and glutamine synthetase (GS) enzymatic activities in leaves. In addition, plant growth regulator and nitrogen application improved the enzymatic activities of GS, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and the contents of crude protein, lysine, sucrose, and soluble sugar in grain and ultimately increased maize yield. This study suggests that N200 application in combination with chemical control promotes root vitality and nutrient accumulation and could improve grain yield and quality in high-density planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Institute of Maize Research, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunrong Qian
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Congfeng Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Wei
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Caifeng Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanrong Gu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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8
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Srivastava AK, Das AK, Jagannadham PTK, Bora P, Ansari FA, Bhate R. Bioprospecting Microbiome for Soil and Plant Health Management Amidst Huanglongbing Threat in Citrus: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:858842. [PMID: 35557712 PMCID: PMC9088001 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.858842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms have dynamic and complex interactions with their hosts. Diverse microbial communities residing near, on, and within the plants, called phytobiome, are an essential part of plant health and productivity. Exploiting citrus-associated microbiomes represents a scientific approach toward sustained and environment-friendly module of citrus production, though periodically exposed to several threats, with Huanglongbing (HLB) predominantly being most influential. Exploring the composition and function of the citrus microbiome, and possible microbial redesigning under HLB disease pressure has sparked renewed interest in recent times. A concise account of various achievements in understanding the citrus-associated microbiome, in various niche environments viz., rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endosphere, and core microbiota alongside their functional attributes has been thoroughly reviewed and presented. Efforts were also made to analyze the actual role of the citrus microbiome in soil fertility and resilience, interaction with and suppression of invading pathogens along with native microbial communities and their consequences thereupon. Despite the desired potential of the citrus microbiota to counter different pathogenic diseases, utilizing the citrus microbiome for beneficial applications at the field level is yet to be translated as a commercial product. We anticipate that advancement in multiomics technologies, high-throughput sequencing and culturing, genome editing tools, artificial intelligence, and microbial consortia will provide some exciting avenues for citrus microbiome research and microbial manipulation to improve the health and productivity of citrus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar Srivastava
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Das
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Popy Bora
- Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India
| | - Firoz Ahmad Ansari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Ruchi Bhate
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
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9
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Galani YJH, Ligowe IS, Kieffer M, Kamalongo D, Kambwiri AM, Kuwali P, Thierfelder C, Dougill AJ, Gong YY, Orfila C. Conservation Agriculture Affects Grain and Nutrient Yields of Maize (Zea Mays L.) and Can Impact Food and Nutrition Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Front Nutr 2022; 8:804663. [PMID: 35155522 PMCID: PMC8826957 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.804663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is a major staple and plays an essential role in food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Conservation agriculture (CA), a climate-smart agriculture practise based on minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop diversification, has been widely advocated but without extensive research on the impact it may have on maize nutrient composition, and food and nutrition security. This study assessed the grain yield, macro- and micronutrient mineral content, and nutrient yield of eight maize varieties grown in Malawi, and how these are affected by CA practises over two seasons. The minerals were analysed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) coupled to optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and to mass spectroscopy (MS). Grain yield and Se content differed among the varieties, while C, N, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn were similar. The local variety Kanjerenjere showed lowest grain and nutrient yields. The open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) concentrated more minerals than the F1 hybrids, but the latter showed higher yields for both grain and nutrients. Typical consumption of the eight maize varieties could fully meet the protein and Mg dietary reference intake (DRIs) of Malawian children (1–3 years), as well as Mg and Mn needs of adult women (19–50 years), but their contribution to dietary requirements was low for Fe (39–41%) and K (13–21%). The trials showed that CA increased grain yield (1.2- to 1.8-fold) and Se content (1.1- to 1.7-fold), but that it had no effect on C, K, Mg, P, and Zn, and that N (1.1- to 1.2-fold), Mn (1.1- to 1.8-fold), and Fe (1.3- to 3.4-fold) were reduced. The high increase in grain yield under CA treatments resulted in increased yields of protein and Se, no effect on the yields of K, Mg, Mn, P, Zn, and reduced Fe yield. Conservation agriculture could contribute in reducing the risk of Se deficiency in Malawian women and children but exacerbates the risk of Fe deficiency. A combination of strategies will be needed to mitigate some of the foreseen effects of climate change on agriculture, and food and nutrition security, and improve nutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamdeu Joseph Hubert Galani
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Yamdeu Joseph Hubert Galani
| | - Ivy S. Ligowe
- Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Martin Kieffer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alfred Mexon Kambwiri
- Centre for Environmental Policy and Advocacy, Blantyre, Malawi
- Civil Society Agriculture Network, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | | | - Andrew J. Dougill
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Ghosh D, Brahmachari K, Skalicky M, Hossain A, Sarkar S, Dinda NK, Das A, Pramanick B, Moulick D, Brestic M, Raza MA, Barutcular C, Fahad S, Saneoka H, EL Sabagh A. Nutrients Supplementation through Organic Manures Influence the Growth of Weeds and Maize Productivity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214924. [PMID: 33114440 PMCID: PMC7663199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining rate of productivity and environmental sustainability is forcing growers to use organic manures as a source of nutrient supplement in maize farming. However, weed is a major constraint to maize production. A field study was carried out over two seasons to evaluate various integrated nutrient and weed management practices in hybrid maize. The treatment combinations comprised of supplementation of inorganic fertilizer (25% nitrogen) through bulky (Farmyard manure and vermicompost) and concentrated (Brassicaceous seed meal (BSM) and neem cake (NC)) organic manures and different mode of weed management practices like chemical (atrazine 1000 g ha−1) and integrated approach (atrazine 1000 g ha−1 followed by mechanical weeding). Repeated supplementation of nitrogen through concentrated organic manures reduced the density and biomass accumulation of most dominant weed species, Anagalis arvensis by releasing allelochemicals into the soil. But organic manures had no significant impact on restricting the growth of bold seeded weeds like Vicia hirsuta and weed propagated through tubers i.e., Cyperus rotundus in maize. By restricting the weed growth and nutrient removal by most dominating weeds, application of BSM enhanced the growth and yield of maize crop. Repeated addition of organic manures (BSM) enhanced the maize grain yield by 19% over sole chemical fertilizer in the second year of study. Application of atrazine as pre-emergence (PRE) herbicide significantly reduced the density of A. arvensis, whereas integration of mechanical weeding following herbicide controlled those weeds which were not usually controlled with the application of atrazine. As a result, atrazine at PRE followed by mechanical weeding produced the highest maize grain yield 6.81 and 7.10 t/ha in the first year and second year of study, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibakar Ghosh
- ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482004, India;
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India; (K.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Koushik Brahmachari
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India; (K.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India; (K.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Nirmal Kumar Dinda
- Office of the Assistant Director of Agriculture, Suri II Block, Department of Agriculture, Government of West Bengal, Birbhum, West Bengal 731129, India;
| | - Anupam Das
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210, India;
| | - Biswajit Pramanick
- Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 848125, India;
| | - Debojyoti Moulick
- Plant Stress Biology and Metabolomics Laboratory, Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India;
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94901 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Celaleddin Barutcular
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Sarıçam/Adana 01330, Turkey;
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, the University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620, Pakistan;
| | - Hirofumi Saneoka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan;
| | - Ayman EL Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt 56100, Turkey;
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh 33516, Egypt
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