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Xiong Z, Xiao J, Zhao J, Liu S, Yang D, Xiong D, Cui K, Peng S, Huang J. Estimation of Photosynthetic Induction Is Significantly Affected by Light Environments of Local Leaves and Whole Plants in Oryza Genus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1646. [PMID: 38931077 PMCID: PMC11207834 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthetic induction and stomatal kinetics are acknowledged as pivotal factors in regulating both plant growth and water use efficiency under fluctuating light conditions. However, the considerable variability in methodologies and light regimes used to assess the dynamics of photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) during light induction across studies poses challenges for comparison across species. Moreover, the influence of stomatal morphology on both steady-state and non-steady-state gs remains poorly understood. In this study, we show the strong impact of IRGA Chamber Illumination and Whole Plant Illumination on the photosynthetic induction of two rice species. Our findings reveal that these illuminations significantly enhance photosynthetic induction by modulating both stomatal and biochemical processes. Moreover, we observed that a higher density of smaller stomata plays a critical role in enhancing the stomatal opening and photosynthetic induction to fluctuating light conditions, although it exerts minimal influence on steady-state gs and A under constant light conditions. Therefore, future studies aiming to estimate photosynthetic induction and stomatal kinetics should consider the light environments at both the leaf and whole plant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.X.); (S.L.); (D.X.); (K.C.); (S.P.)
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2
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Yoshiyama Y, Wakabayashi Y, Mercer KL, Kawabata S, Kobayashi T, Tabuchi T, Yamori W. Natural genetic variation in dynamic photosynthesis is correlated with stomatal anatomical traits in diverse tomato species across geographical habitats. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024:erae082. [PMID: 38606772 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Plants grown under field conditions experience fluctuating light. Understanding the natural genetic variations for a similarly dynamic photosynthetic response among untapped germplasm resources, as well as the underlying mechanisms, may offer breeding strategies to improve production using molecular approaches. Here, we measured gas exchange under fluctuating light, along with stomatal density and size, in eight wild tomato species and two tomato cultivars. The photosynthetic induction response showed significant diversity, with some wild species having faster induction rates than the two cultivars. Species with faster photosynthetic induction rates had higher daily integrated photosynthesis, but lower average water use efficiency because of high stomatal conductance under natural fluctuating light. The variation in photosynthetic induction was closely associated with the speed of stomatal responses, highlighting its critical role in maximizing photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions. Moreover, stomatal size was negatively correlated with stomatal density within a species, and plants with smaller stomata at a higher density had a quicker photosynthetic response than those with larger stomata at lower density. Our findings show that the response of stomatal conductance plays a pivotal role in photosynthetic induction, with smaller stomata at higher density proving advantageous for photosynthesis under fluctuating light in tomato species. The interspecific variation in the rate of stomatal responses could offer an untapped resource for optimizing dynamic photosynthetic responses under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Yoshiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kristin L Mercer
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Ohio State University, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihito Tabuchi
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Fuji S, Yamauchi S, Sugiyama N, Kohchi T, Nishihama R, Shimazaki KI, Takemiya A. Light-induced stomatal opening requires phosphorylation of the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain of plasma membrane H +-ATPase. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1195. [PMID: 38378726 PMCID: PMC10879506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane H+-ATPase provides the driving force for light-induced stomatal opening. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of its activity remain unclear. Here, we show that the phosphorylation of two Thr residues in the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain is crucial for H+-ATPase activation and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using phosphoproteome analysis, we show that blue light induces the phosphorylation of Thr-881 within the C-terminal region I, in addition to penultimate Thr-948 in AUTOINHIBITED H+-ATPASE 1 (AHA1). Based on site-directed mutagenesis experiments, phosphorylation of both Thr residues is essential for H+ pumping and stomatal opening in response to blue light. Thr-948 phosphorylation is a prerequisite for Thr-881 phosphorylation by blue light. Additionally, red light-driven guard cell photosynthesis induces Thr-881 phosphorylation, possibly contributing to red light-dependent stomatal opening. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into H+-ATPase activation that exploits the ion transport across the plasma membrane and light signalling network in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saashia Fuji
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Shota Yamauchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sugiyama
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Shimazaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takemiya
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan.
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4
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Zhang K, Xue M, Qin F, He Y, Zhou Y. Natural polymorphisms in ZmIRX15A affect water-use efficiency by modulating stomatal density in maize. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2560-2573. [PMID: 37572352 PMCID: PMC10651153 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal density (SD) is closely related to crop drought resistance. Understanding the genetic basis for natural variation in SD may facilitate efforts to improve water-use efficiency. Here, we report a genome-wide association study for SD in maize seedlings, which identified 18 genetic variants that could be resolved to seven candidate genes. A 3-bp insertion variant (InDel1089) in the last exon of Zea mays (Zm) IRX15A (Irregular xylem 15A) had the most significant association with SD and modulated the translation of ZmIRX15A mRNA by affecting its secondary structure. Dysfunction of ZmIRX15A increased SD, leading to an increase in the transpiration rate and CO2 assimilation efficiency. ZmIRX15A encodes a xylan deposition enzyme and its disruption significantly decreased xylan abundance in secondary cell wall composition. Transcriptome analysis revealed a substantial alteration of the expression of genes involved in stomatal complex morphogenesis and drought response in the loss-of-function of ZmIRX15A mutant. Overall, our study provides important genetic insights into the natural variation of leaf SD in maize, and the identified loci or genes can serve as direct targets for enhancing drought resistance in molecular-assisted maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryEngineering Research Center of Plant Growth RegulatorCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ming Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyCo‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan He
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryEngineering Research Center of Plant Growth RegulatorCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Zhang H, Chen B, Zhao X, Hu J, Dong Z, Xiao H, Yuan Y, Guo F, Wang Y, Ni D, Wang P. Novel insights into the role of leaf in the cutting process of Camellia sinensis using physiological, biochemical and transcriptome analyses. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:2031-2045. [PMID: 37742093 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Cuttage is the preferred approach for rapid propagation of many species including tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Leaf serves as a key part of nodal cutting, but there is a lack of systematic research on its role in the cutting process. In this study, 24 tea cultivars were employed to prove the necessity of leaf and light during cuttage. Further leaf physiological parameters found that lower net photosynthesis rate probably promoted rooting. Phytohormone content detection showed that auxin content and composition pattern were related to rooting ability. Leaf transcriptome analyses of cuttings from a representative easy-to-root cultivar (cv. Echa 10) revealed that genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction, metabolite biosynthesis and transportation were differentially expressed during the rooting process. CsTSA1, CsYUC10, CsAUX1s, CsPIN3 and CsPIN5 were selected as the candidate genes, which possibly regulate the rooting of nodal cuttings. These results illustrate the necessity of the leaf in cuttage and provide molecular evidence that leaf is an important place for signal transduction, metabolite synthesis and transport during the rooting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Binrui Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhijie Dong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanwen Yuan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pu Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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6
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Nguyen TBA, Lefoulon C, Nguyen TH, Blatt MR, Carroll W. Engineering stomata for enhanced carbon capture and water-use efficiency. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1290-1309. [PMID: 37423785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal pores facilitate gaseous exchange between the inner air spaces of the leaf and the atmosphere. As gatekeepers that balance CO2 entry for photosynthesis against transpirational water loss, they are a focal point for efforts to improve crop performance, especially in the efficiency of water use, within the changing global environment. Until recently, engineering strategies had focused on stomatal conductance in the steady state. These strategies are limited by the physical constraints of CO2 and water exchange such that gains in water-use efficiency (WUE) commonly come at a cost in carbon assimilation. Attention to stomatal speed and responsiveness circumvents these constraints and offers alternatives to enhancing WUE that also promise increases in carbon assimilation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Binh-Anh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Cecile Lefoulon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Thanh-Hao Nguyen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - William Carroll
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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7
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Robertson BC, Han Y, Li C. A Comparison of Different Stomatal Density Phenotypes of Hordeum vulgare under Varied Watering Regimes Reveals Superior Genotypes with Enhanced Drought Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2840. [PMID: 37570994 PMCID: PMC10420674 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the water-use efficiency (WUE) of barley cultivars may safeguard yield deficits during periods of low rainfall. Reduced stomatal density is linked to enhanced WUE, leading to improved drought resistance across plant genera. In this study, 10 barley varieties exhibiting a range of stomatal density phenotypes were grown under differing soil water contents to determine whether stomatal density influences the capacity of genotypes to resist low water availability. The low-stomatal-density genotype Hindmarsh showed the least impact on biomass production during early development, with a 37.13% decrease in dry biomass during drought treatment. Low-stomatal-density genotypes additionally outcompeted high-stomatal-density genotypes under water-deprivation conditions during the reproductive phase of development, exhibiting 19.35% greater wilting resistance and generating 54.62% more heads relative to high-stomatal-density genotypes (p < 0.05). Finally, a correlation analysis revealed a strong negative linear relationship between stomatal density and the traits of head number (r = -0.71) and the number of days until wilting symptoms (r = -0.67) (p < 0.05). The combined results indicate that low-stomatal-density genotypes show promising attributes for high WUE, revealing novel barley varieties that may be useful to future breed improvement for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Clare Robertson
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (B.C.R.); (Y.H.)
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Yong Han
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (B.C.R.); (Y.H.)
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3-Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (B.C.R.); (Y.H.)
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3-Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
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8
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Li YT, Gao HY, Zhang ZS. Effects of Environmental and Non-Environmental Factors on Dynamic Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation in Leaves under Changing Light. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2015. [PMID: 37653932 PMCID: PMC10223794 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Major research on photosynthesis has been carried out under steady light. However, in the natural environment, steady light is rare, and light intensity is always changing. Changing light affects (usually reduces) photosynthetic carbon assimilation and causes decreases in biomass and yield. Ecologists first observed the importance of changing light for plant growth in the understory; other researchers noticed that changing light in the crop canopy also seriously affects yield. Here, we review the effects of environmental and non-environmental factors on dynamic photosynthetic carbon assimilation under changing light in higher plants. In general, dynamic photosynthesis is more sensitive to environmental and non-environmental factors than steady photosynthesis, and dynamic photosynthesis is more diverse than steady photosynthesis. Finally, we discuss the challenges of photosynthetic research under changing light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Li
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Zi-Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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Rathnasamy SA, Kambale R, Elangovan A, Mohanavel W, Shanmugavel P, Ramasamy G, Alagarsamy S, Marimuthu R, Rajagopalan VR, Manickam S, Ramanathan V, Muthurajan R, Vellingiri G. Altering Stomatal Density for Manipulating Transpiration and Photosynthetic Traits in Rice through CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3801-3814. [PMID: 37232714 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomata regulates conductance, transpiration and photosynthetic traits in plants. Increased stomatal density may contribute to enhanced water loss and thereby help improve the transpirational cooling process and mitigate the high temperature-induced yield losses. However, genetic manipulation of stomatal traits through conventional breeding still remains a challenge due to problems involved in phenotyping and the lack of suitable genetic materials. Recent advances in functional genomics in rice identified major effect genes determining stomatal traits, including its number and size. Widespread applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in creating targeted mutations paved the way for fine tuning the stomatal traits for enhancing climate resilience in crops. In the current study, attempts were made to create novel alleles of OsEPF1 (Epidermal Patterning Factor), a negative regulator of stomatal frequency/density in a popular rice variety, ASD 16, using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Evaluation of 17 T0 progenies identified varying mutations (seven multiallelic, seven biallelic and three monoallelic mutations). T0 mutant lines showed a 3.7-44.3% increase in the stomatal density, and all the mutations were successfully inherited into the T1 generation. Evaluation of T1 progenies through sequencing identified three homozygous mutants for one bp insertion. Overall, T1 plants showed 54-95% increased stomatal density. The homozygous T1 lines (# E1-1-4, # E1-1-9 and # E1-1-11) showed significant increase in the stomatal conductance (60-65%), photosynthetic rate (14-31%) and the transpiration rate (58-62%) compared to the nontransgenic ASD 16. Results demonstrated that the genetic alterations in OsEPF1 altered the stomatal density, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic efficiency in rice. Further experiments are needed to associate this technology with canopy cooling and high temperature tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthi Ambothi Rathnasamy
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohit Kambale
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Allimuthu Elangovan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Williams Mohanavel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyanka Shanmugavel
- Agro-Climatology Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gowtham Ramasamy
- Agro-Climatology Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Alagarsamy
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajavel Marimuthu
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veera Ranjani Rajagopalan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha Manickam
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Raveendran Muthurajan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Geethalakshmi Vellingiri
- Agro-Climatology Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Wall S, Cockram J, Vialet-Chabrand S, Van Rie J, Gallé A, Lawson T. The impact of growth at elevated [CO2] on stomatal anatomy and behavior differs between wheat species and cultivars. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2860-2874. [PMID: 36633860 PMCID: PMC10134898 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to respond to changes in the environment is crucial to their survival and reproductive success. The impact of increasing the atmospheric CO2 concentration (a[CO2]), mediated by behavioral and developmental responses of stomata, on crop performance remains a concern under all climate change scenarios, with potential impacts on future food security. To identify possible beneficial traits that could be exploited for future breeding, phenotypic variation in morphological traits including stomatal size and density, as well as physiological responses and, critically, the effect of growth [CO2] on these traits, was assessed in six wheat relative accessions (including Aegilops tauschii, Triticum turgidum ssp. Dicoccoides, and T. turgidum ssp. dicoccon) and five elite bread wheat T. aestivum cultivars. Exploiting a range of different species and ploidy, we identified key differences in photosynthetic capacity between elite hexaploid wheat and wheat relatives. We also report differences in the speed of stomatal responses which were found to be faster in wheat relatives than in elite cultivars, a trait that could be useful for enhanced photosynthetic carbon gain and water use efficiency. Furthermore, these traits do not all appear to be influenced by elevated [CO2], and determining the underlying genetics will be critical for future breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shellie Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - James Cockram
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | | | - Jeroen Van Rie
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gallé
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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11
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Vinyard DJ. A low-cost and realistic noisy light system for studying photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023:10.1007/s11120-023-01012-2. [PMID: 36941457 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the light conditions commonly used to grow photosynthetic organisms in the research laboratory, the light intensity in real environments is dynamic. A simple and low-cost system is described in which a commercial dimmable LED panel is controlled to simulate a sinusoidal function representing daylight hours and overlaid with stochastic shading events. The output closely resembles light intensity measurements on Earth's surface on partly cloudy days or in lower levels of plant canopies. This tool may be useful to researchers studying photosynthetic acclimation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Vinyard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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12
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Sun H, Shi Q, Liu NY, Zhang SB, Huang W. Drought stress delays photosynthetic induction and accelerates photoinhibition under short-term fluctuating light in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:152-161. [PMID: 36706694 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuating light (FL) and drought stress usually occur concomitantly. However, whether drought stress affects photosynthetic performance under FL remains unknown. Here, we measured gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and P700 redox state under FL in drought-stressed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. Drought stress significantly delayed the induction kinetics of stomatal and mesophyll conductances after transition from low to high light and thus delayed photosynthetic induction under FL. Therefore, drought stress exacerbated the loss of carbon gain under FL. Furthermore, restriction of CO2 fixation under drought stress aggravated the over-reduction of photosystem I (PSI) upon transition from low to high light. The resulting stronger FL-induced PSI photoinhibition significantly suppressed linear electron flow and PSI photoprotection. These results indicated that drought stress not only caused a larger loss of carbon gain under FL but also accelerated FL-induced photoinhibition of PSI. Furthermore, drought stress enhanced relative cyclic electron flow in FL, which partially compensated for restricted CO2 fixation and thus favored PSI photoprotection under FL. To our knowledge, we here show new insight into how drought stress affects photosynthetic performance under FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ning-Yu Liu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Stutz SS, Bernacchi CJ, Boyd RA, Ort DR, Long SP. Increased bundle-sheath leakiness of CO 2 during photosynthetic induction shows a lack of coordination between the C 4 and C 3 cycles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1661-1675. [PMID: 36098668 PMCID: PMC9827928 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Use of a complete dynamic model of NADP-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis indicated that, during transitions from dark or shade to high light, induction of the C4 pathway was more rapid than that of C3 , resulting in a predicted transient increase in bundle-sheath CO2 leakiness (ϕ). Previously, ϕ has been measured at steady state; here we developed a new method, coupling a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscope with a gas-exchange system to track ϕ in sorghum and maize through the nonsteady-state condition of photosynthetic induction. In both species, ϕ showed a transient increase to > 0.35 before declining to a steady state of 0.2 by 1500 s after illumination. Average ϕ was 60% higher than at steady state over the first 600 s of induction and 30% higher over the first 1500 s. The transient increase in ϕ, which was consistent with model prediction, indicated that capacity to assimilate CO2 into the C3 cycle in the bundle sheath failed to keep pace with the rate of dicarboxylate delivery by the C4 cycle. Because nonsteady-state light conditions are the norm in field canopies, the results suggest that ϕ in these major crops in the field is significantly higher and energy conversion efficiency lower than previous measured values under steady-state conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign1206 W Gregory DrUrbanaIL61801USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Samantha S. Stutz
- The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign1206 W Gregory DrUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Carl J. Bernacchi
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- USDA‐ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Ryan A. Boyd
- The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign1206 W Gregory DrUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Donald R. Ort
- The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign1206 W Gregory DrUrbanaIL61801USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Stephen P. Long
- The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign1206 W Gregory DrUrbanaIL61801USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YQUK
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14
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Heskel M, Pengra J, Kruper A, Anderson MD, Dosch JJ, Goldstein L, Hahn S, Hoffman S. Age and phenology control photosynthesis and leaf traits in the understory woody species, Rhamnus cathartica and Prunus serotina. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac044. [PMID: 36380818 PMCID: PMC9639396 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understory plants are often inadequately represented or neglected within analyses of forest ecosystem productivity. Further, the potential impacts of the biological factors of age class and growth form on carbon cycling physiology, and how it may vary across the growing season and amongst species of different native/non-native status, have not been thoroughly considered. Our study examines photosynthesis and associated physical leaf traits in two understory woody species, Rhamnus cathartica, introduced and invasive in North America, and Prunus serotina, a common subcanopy species native to North America. We estimated leaf-level photosynthesis as measured through light and carbon dioxide response curves, dark-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf traits (leaf mass per area and stomatal density) for each combination of species and age class at plots in the understory of a temperate deciduous research forest in the US Upper Midwest at two time points during the growing season, late spring (late May) and mid-summer (mid-July). Carbon assimilation rates from light response curves (A sat, A 400) and fluorescence capacity estimate F v/F m all increased between the two measurement points in both species and age class. Estimates of carbon reaction capacity (V cmax and J max) exhibited a different directional response to seasonal development, declining in seedlings of both species and P. serotina trees (~8-37 % reduction in V cmax, ~9-34 % reduction in J max), though increased in trees of R. cathartica (+24 % in V cmax, +9 % in J max). Divergent responses in photosynthetic parameters amongst these factors may be explained by species differences in leaf mass per area and stomatal density, which together are likely influenced by both growth form, canopy position and ontogeny. Overall, we believe our findings suggest complex, varied influences on photosynthesis that indicate environmental and biological plasticity which may contribute to the historic and continued expansion of R. cathartica in the US Upper Midwest region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Pengra
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Ally Kruper
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | | | - Jerald J Dosch
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Lianna Goldstein
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Shannon Hahn
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Sarah Hoffman
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA
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15
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Taniyoshi K, Tanaka Y, Adachi S, Shiraiwa T. Anisohydric characteristics of a rice genotype 'ARC 11094' contribute to increased photosynthetic carbon fixation in response to high light. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13825. [PMID: 36377050 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic induction, which is the response of the CO2 assimilation rate to a stepwise increase in light intensity, potentially affects plant carbon gain and crop productivity in field environments. Although natural variations in photosynthetic induction are determined by CO2 supply and its fixation, detailed factors, especially CO2 supply, are unclear. This study investigated photosynthesis at steady and non-steady states in three rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes: ARC 11094, Takanari and Koshihikari. Stomatal traits and water relations in the plants were evaluated to characterise CO2 supply. Photosynthetic induction in ARC 11094 and Takanari was superior to that in Koshihikari owing to an efficient CO2 supply. The CO2 supply in Takanari is attributed to its high stomatal density, small guard cell length and extensive root mass, whereas that in ARC 11094 is attributed to its high stomatal conductance per stoma and stomatal opening in leaves with insufficient water (i.e., anisohydric stomatal behaviour). Our results suggest that there are various mechanisms for realising an efficient CO2 supply during the induction response. These characteristics can be useful for improving photosynthetic induction and, thus, crop productivity in field environments in future breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Xia Y, Du K, Ling A, Wu W, Li J, Kang X. Overexpression of PagSTOMAGEN, a Positive Regulator of Stomatal Density, Promotes Vegetative Growth in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710165. [PMID: 36077563 PMCID: PMC9456429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poplar is an important fast-growing tree, and its photosynthetic capacity directly affects its vegetative growth. Stomatal density is closely related to photosynthetic capacity and growth characteristics in plants. Here, we isolated PagSTOMAGEN from the hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) clone 84K and investigated its biological function in vegetative growth. PagSTOMAGEN was expressed predominantly in young tissues and localized in the plasma membrane. Compared with wild-type 84K poplars, PagSTOMAGEN-overexpressing plants displayed an increased plant height, leaf area, internode number, basal diameter, biomass, IAA content, IPR content, and stomatal density. Higher stomatal density improved the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate in transgenic poplar. The differential expression of genes related to stomatal development showed a diverged influence of PagSTOMAGEN at different stages of stomatal development. Finally, transcriptomic analysis showed that PagSTOMAGEN affected vegetative growth by affecting the expression of photosynthesis and plant hormone-related genes (such as SAUR75, PQL2, PSBX, ERF1, GNC, GRF5, and ARF11). Taken together, our data indicate that PagSTOMAGEN could positively regulate stomatal density and increase the photosynthetic rate and plant hormone content, thereby promoting vegetative growth in poplar. Our study is of great significance for understanding the relationship between stoma, photosynthesis, and yield breeding in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kang Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Aoyu Ling
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (X.K.)
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (X.K.)
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17
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Melvin AA, Goudeau B, Nogala W, Kuhn A. Spatially Controlled CO
2
Conversion Kinetics in Natural Leaves for Motion Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205298. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ambrose A. Melvin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR5255, ENSCBP 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac France
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR5255, ENSCBP 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac France
| | - Wojciech Nogala
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR5255, ENSCBP 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac France
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18
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Sun H, Wang XQ, Zeng ZL, Yang YJ, Huang W. Exogenous melatonin strongly affects dynamic photosynthesis and enhances water-water cycle in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917784. [PMID: 35991431 PMCID: PMC9381976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), an important phytohormone synthesized naturally, was recently used to improve plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the effects of exogenous melatonin on photosynthetic performances have not yet been well clarified. We found that spraying of exogenous melatonin (100 μM) to leaves slightly affected the steady state values of CO2 assimilation rate (A N ), stomatal conductance (g s ) and mesophyll conductance (g m ) under high light in tobacco leaves. However, this exogenous melatonin strongly delayed the induction kinetics of g s and g m , leading to the slower induction speed of A N . During photosynthetic induction, A N is mainly limited by biochemistry in the absence of exogenous melatonin, but by CO2 diffusion conductance in the presence of exogenous melatonin. Therefore, exogenous melatonin can aggravate photosynthetic carbon loss during photosynthetic induction and should be used with care for crop plants grown under natural fluctuating light. Within the first 10 min after transition from low to high light, photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETR) for A N and photorespiration were suppressed in the presence of exogenous melatonin. Meanwhile, an important alternative electron sink, namely water-water cycle, was enhanced to dissipate excess light energy. These results indicate that exogenous melatonin upregulates water-water cycle to facilitate photoprotection. Taking together, this study is the first to demonstrate that exogenous melatonin inhibits dynamic photosynthesis and improves photoprotection in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Zeng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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19
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Melvin AA, Goudeau B, Nogala W, Kuhn A. Spatially Controlled CO
2
Conversion Kinetics in Natural Leaves for Motion Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ambrose A. Melvin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR5255, ENSCBP 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac France
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR5255, ENSCBP 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac France
| | - Wojciech Nogala
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR5255, ENSCBP 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac France
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20
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Zhang Y, Kaiser E, Li T, Marcelis LFM. NaCl affects photosynthetic and stomatal dynamics by osmotic effects and reduces photosynthetic capacity by ionic effects in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3637-3650. [PMID: 35218186 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
NaCl stress affects stomatal behavior and photosynthesis by a combination of osmotic and ionic components, but it is unknown how these components affect stomatal and photosynthetic dynamics. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants were grown in a reference nutrient solution [control; electrical conductivity (EC)=2.3 dS m-1], a solution containing additional macronutrients (osmotic effect; EC=12.6 dS m-1), or a solution with additional 100 mM NaCl (osmotic and ionic effects; EC=12.8 dS m-1). Steady-state and dynamic photosynthesis, and leaf biochemistry, were characterized throughout leaf development. The osmotic effect decreased steady-state stomatal conductance while speeding up stomatal responses to light intensity shifts. After 19 d of treatment, photosynthetic induction was reduced by the osmotic effect, which was attributable to lower initial stomatal conductance due to faster stomatal closing under low light. Ionic effects of NaCl were barely observed in dynamic stomatal and photosynthetic behavior, but led to a reduction in leaf photosynthetic capacity, CO2 carboxylation rate, and stomatal conductance in old leaves after 26 d of treatment. With increasing leaf age, rates of light-triggered stomatal movement and photosynthetic induction decreased across treatments. We conclude that NaCl impacts dynamic stomatal and photosynthetic kinetics by osmotic effects and reduces photosynthetic capacity by ionic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Srivastava R, Kobayashi Y, Koyama H, Sahoo L. Overexpression of cowpea NAC transcription factors promoted growth and stress tolerance by boosting photosynthetic activity in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111251. [PMID: 35487661 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ATAF-like NAC transcription factors are bonafide regulators of stress-signaling. However, their overexpression often exerts growth-retardation by activating ABA-hypersensitivity, chloroplast-degradation, or carbon-starvation. To improve tolerance to multiple stress complying with growth sustainability, we examined two ATAF orthologs, VuNAC1 and VuNAC2, isolated from a drought-hardy cowpea genotype, for a harmonized regulation of stress and growth signaling. The genes were induced by dehydration, NaCl, polyethylene glycol, heat, cold, ABA, and light. Analysis of the promoter-elements and regulatory network corroborated the integration of circadian, hormonal, stress, developmental, and nutrition signals, being VuNAC1/2 the central transcriptional-switch interfacing growth and stress responses. The constitutive gene overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in an improved embryonic, rosette, and inflorescence growth, under optimum as well as limiting nutrition, in association with increased photosynthetic activity and stomatal-density. The transgenic seedlings manifested tolerance to dehydration, salinity, aluminum, cadmium, and H2O2 toxicity, in addition to ABA-mediated seed dormancy and hypersensitivity. The soil-grown plants survived severe drought and hypersalinity by maintaining the water-status and membrane integrity through the accumulation of stress protectants, such as proline, glutathione, and ascorbate. Unlike their orthologs from other species, VuNAC1/2 conferred tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in line with improved growth attributes via regulation of photosynthetic controls and nutritional balance, suggesting growth being a crucial component of stress-tolerance and recovery. Such unique stress-responsive transcription factors, which also confer photosynthetic gain, could be sustainable biotechnological tools for developing stress-tolerant crops and translating the improved growth into yield without unintended trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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22
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Sakoda K, Adachi S, Yamori W, Tanaka Y. Towards improved dynamic photosynthesis in C3 crops by utilizing natural genetic variation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3109-3121. [PMID: 35298629 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Under field environments, fluctuating light conditions induce dynamic photosynthesis, which affects carbon gain by crop plants. Elucidating the natural genetic variations among untapped germplasm resources and their underlying mechanisms can provide an effective strategy to improve dynamic photosynthesis and, ultimately, improve crop yields through molecular breeding approaches. In this review, we first overview two processes affecting dynamic photosynthesis, namely (i) biochemical processes associated with CO2 fixation and photoprotection and (ii) gas diffusion processes from the atmosphere to the chloroplast stroma. Next, we review the intra- and interspecific variations in dynamic photosynthesis in relation to each of these two processes. It is suggested that plant adaptations to different hydrological environments underlie natural genetic variation explained by gas diffusion through stomata. This emphasizes the importance of the coordination of photosynthetic and stomatal dynamics to optimize the balance between carbon gain and water use efficiency under field environments. Finally, we discuss future challenges in improving dynamic photosynthesis by utilizing natural genetic variation. The forward genetic approach supported by high-throughput phenotyping should be introduced to evaluate the effects of genetic and environmental factors and their interactions on the natural variation in dynamic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sakoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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23
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Long SP, Taylor SH, Burgess SJ, Carmo-Silva E, Lawson T, De Souza AP, Leonelli L, Wang Y. Into the Shadows and Back into Sunlight: Photosynthesis in Fluctuating Light. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:617-648. [PMID: 35595290 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is an important remaining opportunity for further improvement in the genetic yield potential of our major crops. Measurement, analysis, and improvement of leaf CO2 assimilation (A) have focused largely on photosynthetic rates under light-saturated steady-state conditions. However, in modern crop canopies of several leaf layers, light is rarely constant, and the majority of leaves experience marked light fluctuations throughout the day. It takes several minutes for photosynthesis to regain efficiency in both sun-shade and shade-sun transitions, costing a calculated 10-40% of potential crop CO2 assimilation. Transgenic manipulations to accelerate the adjustment in sun-shade transitions have already shown a substantial productivity increase in field trials. Here, we explore means to further accelerate these adjustments and minimize these losses through transgenic manipulation, gene editing, and exploitation of natural variation. Measurement andanalysis of photosynthesis in sun-shade and shade-sun transitions are explained. Factors limiting speeds of adjustment and how they could be modified to effect improved efficiency are reviewed, specifically nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), Rubisco activation, and stomatal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel H Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Burgess
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | | | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda P De Souza
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Lauriebeth Leonelli
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
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Basso L, Sakoda K, Kobayashi R, Yamori W, Shikanai T. Flavodiiron proteins enhance the rate of CO2 assimilation in Arabidopsis under fluctuating light intensity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:375-387. [PMID: 35171289 PMCID: PMC9070813 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The proton concentration gradient (ΔpH) and membrane potential (Δψ) formed across the thylakoid membrane contribute to ATP synthesis in chloroplasts. Additionally, ΔpH downregulates photosynthetic electron transport via the acidification of the thylakoid lumen. K+ exchange antiporter 3 (KEA3) relaxes this downregulation by substituting ΔpH with Δψ in response to fluctuation of light intensity. In the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) line overexpressing KEA3 (KEA3ox), the rate of electron transport is elevated by accelerating the relaxation of ΔpH after a shift from high light (HL) to low light. However, the plant cannot control electron transport toward photosystem I (PSI), resulting in PSI photodamage. In this study, we crossed the KEA3ox line with the line (Flavodiiron [Flv]) expressing the Flv proteins of Physcomitrium patens. In the double transgenic line (Flv-KEA3ox), electrons overloading toward PSI were pumped out by Flv proteins. Consequently, photodamage of PSI was alleviated to the wild-type level. The rate of CO2 fixation was enhanced in Flv and Flv-KEA3ox lines during HL periods of fluctuating light, although CO2 fixation was unaffected in any transgenic lines in constant HL. Upregulation of CO2 fixation was accompanied by elevated stomatal conductance in fluctuating light. Consistent with the results of gas exchange experiments, the growth of Flv and Flv-KEA3ox plants was better than that of WT and KEA3ox plants under fluctuating light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Basso
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto
University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakoda
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, Graduate School of
Agriculture and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002,
Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Kobayashi
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto
University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, Graduate School of
Agriculture and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002,
Japan
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Pan Y, Du H, Meng X, Guo S. Variation in photosynthetic induction between super hybrid rice and inbred super rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 178:105-115. [PMID: 35279007 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that yield superiority of super hybrid rice is linked with its improved photosynthetic capacity and/or efficiency. In natural environments, the amounts of CO2 assimilated by plants was also impacted by the rapidity of leaf photosynthesis response to fluctuations of light. However, it remains unknow whether the high yield of super hybrid rice was associated with photosynthetic traits under dynamic state. Here, photosynthetic traits under steady-and dynamic state in two super hybrid rice varieties (Ylinagyou 3218 and Yliangyou 5867) with high yield and two inbred super rice varieties (Zhendao 11 and Nanjing 9108) with lower yield. Under steady state, the net photosynthetic rate (A*) in super hybrid rice was 25.3% larger compared with inbred super rice. During photosynthetic induction, there was no obvious association of the rapidity of net photosynthesis rate (A) to sunflecks with rice subpopulations. Stomatal conductance (gs) of super hybrid rice increased slower than that of inbred super rice. The cumulative CO2 fixation (CCF) during photosynthetic induction was 25.2% larger in super hybrid rice than that in inbred super rice. The primary limitation during induction was biochemical limitation rather than stomatal limitation. There was a significantly positive relationship between A* and CCF, while A* was not related with the induction response rate of A. Overall, A* and CCF in super hybrid rice have been improved together, which contributed to its yield superiority, whereas its yield potential still can be improved by increasing induction rate of A under fluctuations of irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Haisu Du
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xusheng Meng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Zhang N, Berman SR, Joubert D, Vialet-Chabrand S, Marcelis LFM, Kaiser E. Variation of Photosynthetic Induction in Major Horticultural Crops Is Mostly Driven by Differences in Stomatal Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:860229. [PMID: 35574072 PMCID: PMC9094112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.860229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Under natural conditions, irradiance frequently fluctuates, causing net photosynthesis rate (A) to respond slowly and reducing the yields. We quantified the genotypic variation of photosynthetic induction in 19 genotypes among the following six horticultural crops: basil, chrysanthemum, cucumber, lettuce, tomato, and rose. Kinetics of photosynthetic induction and the stomatal opening were measured by exposing shade-adapted leaves (50 μmol m-2 s-1) to a high irradiance (1000 μmol m-2 s-1) until A reached a steady state. Rubisco activation rate was estimated by the kinetics of carboxylation capacity, which was quantified using dynamic A vs. [CO2] curves. Generally, variations in photosynthetic induction kinetics were larger between crops and smaller between cultivars of the same crop. Time until reaching 20-90% of full A induction varied by 40-60% across genotypes, and this was driven by a variation in the stomatal opening rather than Rubisco activation kinetics. Stomatal conductance kinetics were partly determined by differences in the stomatal size and density; species with densely packed, smaller stomata (e.g., cucumber) tended to open their stomata faster, adapting stomatal conductance more rapidly and efficiently than species with larger but fewer stomata (e.g., chrysanthemum). We conclude that manipulating stomatal traits may speed up photosynthetic induction and growth of horticultural crops under natural irradiance fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyi Zhang
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah R. Berman
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dominique Joubert
- Biometris, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Silvere Vialet-Chabrand
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Wang H, Wang XQ, Zeng ZL, Yu H, Huang W. Photosynthesis under fluctuating light in the CAM plant Vanilla planifolia. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:111207. [PMID: 35193751 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic induction after a sudden increase in illumination affects carbon gain. Photosynthetic dynamics under fluctuating light (FL) have been widely investigated in C3 and C4 plants but are little known in CAM plants. In our present study, the chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 redox state and electrochromic shift signals were measured to examine photosynthetic characteristics under FL in the CAM orchid Vanilla planifolia. The light use efficiency was maximized in the morning but was restricted in the afternoon, indicating that the pool of malic acid dried down in the afternoon. During photosynthetic induction in the morning, electron flow through photosystem I rapidly reached the 95% of the maximum value in 4-6 min, indicating that V. planifolia showed a fast photosynthetic induction when compared with C3 and C4 plants reported previously. Upon a sudden transition from dark to actinic light, a rapid re-oxidation of P700 was observed in V. planifolia, indicating the fast outflow of electrons from PSI to alternative electron acceptors, which was attributed to the O2 photo-reduction mediated by water-water cycle. The functioning of water-water cycle prevented photosystem I over-reduction after transitioning from low to high light and thus protected PSI under FL. In the afternoon, cyclic electron flow was stimulated under FL to fine-tune photosynthetic apparatus when photosynthetic CO2 was restricted. Therefore, water-water cycle cooperates with cyclic electron flow to regulate the photosynthesis under FL in the CAM orchid V. planifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Zeng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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Li YM, You JL, Nie WF, Sun MH, Xie ZS. Transcription Profiles Reveal Age-Dependent Variations of Photosynthetic Properties and Sugar Metabolism in Grape Leaves (Vitis vinifera L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042243. [PMID: 35216359 PMCID: PMC8876361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves, considered as the ‘source’ organs, depend on the development stages because of the age-dependent photosynthesis and assimilation of leaves. However, the molecular mechanisms of age-dependent limitations on the function of leaves are seldom reported. In the present study, the photosynthesis-related characteristics and photoassimilates were investigated in grape leaves at six different age groups (Ll to L6) at micro-morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels. These results showed lower expression levels of genes associated with stomatal development, and chl biosynthesis resulted in fewer stomata and lowered chlorophyll a/b contents in L1 when compared to L3 and L5. The DEGs between L5 and L3/L1 were largely distributed at stomatal movement, carbon fixation, and sucrose and starch metabolism pathways, such as STOMATAL ANION CHANNEL PROTEIN 1 (SLAC1), FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE (FBA1), SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (SPP1), and SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE (SPS2, 4). These genes could be major candidate genes leading to increased photosynthesis capacity and sugar content in L5. The accumulation of starch grains in the chloroplast and palisade tissue of L5 and higher transcription levels of genes related to starch biosynthesis in L5 further supported the high ability of L5 to produce photoassimilates. Hence, our results provide insights for understanding different photosynthetic functions in age-dependent leaves in grape plants at the molecular level.
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Sun H, Zhang YQ, Zhang SB, Huang W. Photosynthetic Induction Under Fluctuating Light Is Affected by Leaf Nitrogen Content in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:835571. [PMID: 35251106 PMCID: PMC8891375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The response of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to changes of illumination affects plant growth and crop productivity under natural fluctuating light conditions. However, the effects of nitrogen (N) supply on photosynthetic physiology after transition from low to high light are seldom studied. To elucidate this, we measured gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence under fluctuating light in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings grown with different N conditions. After transition from low to high light, the induction speeds of net CO2 assimilation (A N ), stomatal conductance (g s ), and mesophyll conductance (g m ) delayed with the decline in leaf N content. The time to reach 90% of maximum A N , g s and g m was negatively correlated with leaf N content. This delayed photosynthetic induction in plants grown under low N concentration was mainly caused by the slow induction response of g m rather than that of g s . Furthermore, the photosynthetic induction upon transfer from low to high light was hardly limited by photosynthetic electron flow. These results indicate that decreased leaf N content declines carbon gain under fluctuating light in tomato. Increasing the induction kinetics of g m has the potential to enhance the carbon gain of field crops grown in infertile soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Shi Q, Sun H, Timm S, Zhang S, Huang W. Photorespiration Alleviates Photoinhibition of Photosystem I under Fluctuating Light in Tomato. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11020195. [PMID: 35050082 PMCID: PMC8780929 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluctuating light (FL) is a typical natural light stress that can cause photodamage to photosystem I (PSI). However, the effect of growth light on FL-induced PSI photoinhibition remains controversial. Plants grown under high light enhance photorespiration to sustain photosynthesis, but the contribution of photorespiration to PSI photoprotection under FL is largely unknown. In this study, we examined the photosynthetic performance under FL in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants grown under high light (HL-plants) and moderate light (ML-plants). After an abrupt increase in illumination, the over-reduction of PSI was lowered in HL-plants, resulting in a lower FL-induced PSI photoinhibition. HL-plants displayed higher capacities for CO2 fixation and photorespiration than ML-plants. Within the first 60 s after transition from low to high light, PSII electron transport was much higher in HL-plants, but the gross CO2 assimilation rate showed no significant difference between them. Therefore, upon a sudden increase in illumination, the difference in PSII electron transport between HL- and ML-plants was not attributed to the Calvin–Benson cycle but was caused by the change in photorespiration. These results indicated that the higher photorespiration in HL-plants enhanced the PSI electron sink downstream under FL, which mitigated the over-reduction of PSI and thus alleviated PSI photoinhibition under FL. Taking together, we here for the first time propose that photorespiration acts as a safety valve for PSI photoprotection under FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.S.); (H.S.); (S.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.S.); (H.S.); (S.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Shibao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.S.); (H.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.S.); (H.S.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Nunes TDG, Slawinska MW, Lindner H, Raissig MT. Quantitative effects of environmental variation on stomatal anatomy and gas exchange in a grass model. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e6. [PMID: 37077975 PMCID: PMC10095872 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2021.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are cellular pores on the leaf epidermis that allow plants to regulate carbon assimilation and water loss. Stomata integrate environmental signals to regulate pore apertures and adapt gas exchange to fluctuating conditions. Here, we quantified intraspecific plasticity of stomatal gas exchange and anatomy in response to seasonal variation in Brachypodium distachyon. Over the course of 2 years, we (a) used infrared gas analysis to assess light response kinetics of 120 Bd21-3 wild-type individuals in an environmentally fluctuating greenhouse and (b) microscopically determined the seasonal variability of stomatal anatomy in a subset of these plants. We observed systemic environmental effects on gas exchange measurements and remarkable intraspecific plasticity of stomatal anatomical traits. To reliably link anatomical variation to gas exchange, we adjusted anatomical g smax calculations for grass stomatal morphology. We propose that systemic effects and variability in stomatal anatomy should be accounted for in long-term gas exchange studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago D. G. Nunes
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Heike Lindner
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael T. Raissig
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Address correspondence to: Michael T. Raissig E-mail:
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Sakoda K, Taniyoshi K, Yamori W, Tanaka Y. Drought stress reduces crop carbon gain due to delayed photosynthetic induction under fluctuating light conditions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13603. [PMID: 34807462 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major limiting factor for crop growth and yield. Water availability in the field can cyclically change between drought and rewatering conditions, depending on precipitation patterns. Concurrently, light intensity under field conditions can fluctuate, inducing dynamic photosynthesis and transpiration during the crop growth period. The present study aimed to characterize carbon gain and water use in fluctuating light under drought and rewatering conditions in two major crops, namely rice and soybean. We conducted gas exchange measurements under fluctuating light conditions with rice and soybean plants exposed to drought treatment (9-13 days) imposed by withholding water and subsequent rewatering treatment (8-9 days). Drought stress significantly reduced the maximum CO2 assimilation rate (A) in soybean but not in rice. Under drought conditions, A increased after a step increase in light and then gradually decreased in both crops, resulting in the significant reduction of steady-state A in rice and soybean. Moreover, drought stress delayed photosynthetic induction in both crops even when it had relatively small impact on maximum A. These results suggest that the drought effects on photosynthesis should be evaluated based on induction, maximum, and steady states. The delayed photosynthetic induction under drought owing to the reduced gas diffusional conductance via stomata resulted in a substantial loss of leaf carbon gain under fluctuating light conditions. Meanwhile, rewatering, after drought, completely recovered photosynthesis under fluctuating light in both crops. Therefore, the stability of photosynthetic induction can be a promising target to improve drought tolerance during crop breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sakoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Taniyoshi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Diurnal Response of Photosystem I to Fluctuating Light Is Affected by Stomatal Conductance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113128. [PMID: 34831351 PMCID: PMC8621556 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon a sudden transition from low to high light, electrons transported from photosystem II (PSII) to PSI should be rapidly consumed by downstream sinks to avoid the over-reduction of PSI. However, the over-reduction of PSI under fluctuating light might be accelerated if primary metabolism is restricted by low stomatal conductance. To test this hypothesis, we measured the effect of diurnal changes in stomatal conductance on photosynthetic regulation under fluctuating light in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and common mulberry (Morus alba). Under conditions of high stomatal conductance, we observed PSI over-reduction within the first 10 s after transition from low to high light. Lower stomatal conductance limited the activity of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle and aggravated PSI over-reduction within 10 s after the light transition. We also observed PSI over-reduction after transition from low to high light for 30 s at the low stomatal conductance typical of the late afternoon, indicating that low stomatal conductance extends the period of PSI over-reduction under fluctuating light. Therefore, diurnal changes in stomatal conductance significantly affect the PSI redox state under fluctuating light. Moreover, our analysis revealed an unexpected inhibition of cyclic electron flow by the severe over-reduction of PSI seen at low stomatal conductance. In conclusion, stomatal conductance can have a large effect on thylakoid reactions under fluctuating light.
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Du B, Zhu Y, Kang H, Liu C. Spatial variations in stomatal traits and their coordination with leaf traits in Quercus variabilis across Eastern Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147757. [PMID: 34058578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The stomatal traits influence ecosystem carbon-water fluxes and play essential roles that enable plants to adapt to changing environmental conditions. However, how stomatal traits vary along a large climate gradient and whether stomatal traits coordinated with other leaf functional traits in response to environmental changes remain unclear. We investigated the stomatal density (SD), stomatal size (SS), and leaf traits (leaf area (LA), leaf mass per area (LMA), and vein density (VD)) of 44 in situ Quercus variabilis populations across Eastern Asia (24 to 51.8°N, 99 to 137°E) and 15 populations grown in a common garden, and evaluated their relationships with environmental factors. Stepwise multiple regression showed that the SD was significantly associated with mean annual precipitation (MAP), LMA, and VD, and the SS with latitude, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean monthly solar radiation (MMSR), and VD. The SD was positively correlated with the LMA, while the SS was negatively correlated with the VD. The SD and LMA increased with decreasing precipitation, which indicated that they may coordinate to commonly enhance plant resistance against drought. The SS decreased; however, the VD increased with temperature. This implied that plants might further reduce their SS by increasing VD limitations under global warming. In the common garden, plants exhibited a higher SD and VD and lower SS and LA compared to those in the field; however, no relation between the stomatal and leaf traits was observed. Our results suggested that stomatal traits have high environmental plasticity and are highly coordinated with other leaf functional traits in response to environmental changes. Nevertheless, this coordination may have been formed through long-term adaptations, rather than over short time spans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanhua Zhu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongzhang Kang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Photosynthetic Efficiency and Anatomical Structure of Pepper Leaf ( Capsicum annuum L.) Transplants Grown under High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) and Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Supplementary Lighting Systems. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10101975. [PMID: 34685783 PMCID: PMC8541379 DOI: 10.3390/plants10101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various supplemental greenhouse lighting systems, i.e., high-pressure sodium lamps and mixtures of red and blue light-emitting diodes, on the photochemical efficiency, anatomical leaf structure, and growth of the two pepper cultivars. The intensity levels of the photosynthetically active radiation were the same for both light treatments. In this study, the relative chlorophyll content was measured. Additionally, certain parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured under ambient light or after dark adaptation. The obtained results showed that the application of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as supplemental lighting positively affected the anatomical leaf characteristics and plant growth. The leaves of both pepper cultivars were thicker and had larger palisade parenchyma cells under LED supplemental lighting compared to leaves grown under high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. Moreover, the mesophyll cells of seedlings grown under LEDs contained more chloroplasts than those growing under HPS lighting. The chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements of pepper seedlings grown under LEDs showed significant increases in photosynthetic apparatus performance index (PI) values compared to plants grown under HPS lamps; however, the values for this index were higher in cv. ‘Aifos’ as compared to cv. ‘Palermo’. We recommend that supplemental lighting systems are applied with caution, as their performance appears to depend not only on the light spectrum but also on the cultivar.
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Evaluation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Production under Hydroponic System: Nutrient Solution Derived from Fish Waste vs. Inorganic Nutrient Solution. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7090292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic fresh products are appreciated and are gaining a good reputation regarding human health and environmental concerns. Despite the fact that hydroponics are commonly used in vegetable production, growers are looking for sustainable cultivation systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of using an organic-based nutrient solution (NS) derived from fish waste in a hydroponic system on the vegetative growth and production of lettuce compared to a conventional inorganic NS. Plant growth, yield, physiological and nutrient content parameters were determined. The results revealed that the overall growth and fresh biomass of the organic NS grown lettuce were relatively lower than those of the inorganic NS. Stomata density was significantly higher in inorganic grown lettuce compared to the organic one. However, the total chlorophyll, carotene, phenolic compounds, and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant activity were significantly higher in lettuce grown in organic NS compared to the inorganic one. Leaf nutrient content at harvest was significantly impacted by the type of used fertilizer. Based on these findings, in hydroponic system, organic liquid fertilizer derived from fish waste (as an alternative NS source) requires further improvements to achieve optimal growth and yield comparable to that of conventional inorganic NS.
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Tan SL, Huang X, Li WQ, Zhang SB, Huang W. Elevated CO 2 Concentration Alters Photosynthetic Performances under Fluctuating Light in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092329. [PMID: 34571978 PMCID: PMC8471415 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the current and expected future rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, we examined the effect of elevated CO2 on photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) under fluctuating light in Arabidopsis thaliana. At 400 ppm CO2, PSI showed a transient over-reduction within the first 30 s after transition from dark to actinic light. Under the same CO2 conditions, PSI was highly reduced after a transition from low to high light for 20 s. However, such PSI over-reduction greatly decreased when measured in 800 ppm CO2, indicating that elevated atmospheric CO2 facilitates the rapid oxidation of PSI under fluctuating light. Furthermore, after fluctuating light treatment, residual PSI activity was significantly higher in 800 ppm CO2 than in 400 ppm CO2, suggesting that elevated atmospheric CO2 mitigates PSI photoinhibition under fluctuating light. We further demonstrate that elevated CO2 does not affect PSI activity under fluctuating light via changes in non-photochemical quenching or cyclic electron transport, but rather from a rapid electron sink driven by CO2 fixation. Therefore, elevated CO2 mitigates PSI photoinhibition under fluctuating light at the acceptor rather than the donor side. Taken together, these observations indicate that elevated atmospheric CO2 can have large effects on thylakoid reactions under fluctuating light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ling Tan
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (S.-L.T.); (X.H.); (W.-Q.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (S.-L.T.); (X.H.); (W.-Q.L.)
| | - Wei-Qi Li
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (S.-L.T.); (X.H.); (W.-Q.L.)
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (S.-L.T.); (X.H.); (W.-Q.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-B.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (S.-L.T.); (X.H.); (W.-Q.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-B.Z.); (W.H.)
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Eyland D, van Wesemael J, Lawson T, Carpentier S. The impact of slow stomatal kinetics on photosynthesis and water use efficiency under fluctuating light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:998-1012. [PMID: 33693867 PMCID: PMC8195518 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic light conditions require continuous adjustments of stomatal aperture. The kinetics of stomatal conductance (gs) is hypothesized to be key to plant productivity and water use efficiency (WUE). Using step-changes in light intensity, we studied the diversity of light-induced gs kinetics in relation to stomatal anatomy in five banana genotypes (Musa spp.) and modeled the impact of both diffusional and biochemical limitations on photosynthesis (A). The dominant A limiting factor was the diffusional limitation associated with gs kinetics. All genotypes exhibited a strong limitation of A by gs, indicating a priority for water saving. Moreover, significant genotypic differences in gs kinetics and gs limitations of A were observed. For two contrasting genotypes, the impact of differential gs kinetics was further investigated under realistic diurnally fluctuating light conditions and at the whole-plant level. Genotype-specific stomatal kinetics observed at the leaf level was corroborated at whole-plant level by transpiration dynamics, validating that genotype-specific responses are still maintained despite differences in gs control at different locations in the leaf and across leaves. However, under diurnally fluctuating light conditions the impact of gs speediness on A and intrinsic (iWUE) depended on time of day. During the afternoon there was a setback in kinetics: absolute gs and gs responses to light were damped, strongly limiting A and impacting diurnal iWUE. We conclude the impact of differential gs kinetics depended on target light intensity, magnitude of change, gs prior to the change in light intensity, and particularly time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eyland
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle van Wesemael
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Sebastien Carpentier
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Bioversity International, Banana Genetic Resources, Leuven, Belgium
- Author for communication:
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Kinoshita T, Toh S, Torii KU. Chemical control of stomatal function and development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 60:102010. [PMID: 33667824 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Stomata control trade-offs for plants: carbon dioxide uptake for photosynthetic growth and water loss via transpiration. While agrochemical control of transpiration is an old concept, recent discoveries of the core signaling components controlling stomatal function and numbers opened the door to develop chemical compounds with high potency and specificity. ABA agonists with potent anti-transpiration activity have been developed via in silico virtual screens and structure guided design and synthesis. Library-based chemical screens identified new compounds that influence stomatal movement in ABA-independent manners as well as those affecting stomatal numbers and division polarity. Subsequent hit compound derivatization can be employed to separate adverse side effects. Ultimately, such chemicals might help in optimizing plant productivity and water use in agriculture and florist industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM) and Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Toh
- Department of Environmental Bioscience, Meijo University, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM) and Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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