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Wang J, Yan D, Liu R, Wang T, Lian Y, Lu Z, Hong Y, Wang Y, Li R. The Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Exogenous Melatonin Promote the Seed Germination of Maize ( Zea mays L.) under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2142. [PMID: 39124260 PMCID: PMC11313997 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress caused by high concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in soil is one of the most important abiotic stresses in agricultural production, which seriously affects grain yield. The alleviation of salt stress through the application of exogenous substances is important for grain production. Melatonin (MT, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indole-like small molecule that can effectively alleviate the damage caused by adversity stress on crops. Current studies have mainly focused on the effects of MT on the physiology and biochemistry of crops at the seedling stage, with fewer studies on the gene regulatory mechanisms of crops at the germination stage. The aim of this study was to explain the mechanism of MT-induced salt tolerance at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels and to provide a theoretical basis for the resolution of MT-mediated regulatory mechanisms of plant adaptation to salt stress. In this study, we investigated the germination, physiology, and transcript levels of maize seeds, analyzed the relevant differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and examined salt tolerance-related pathways. The results showed that MT could increase the seed germination rate by 14.28-19.04%, improve seed antioxidant enzyme activities (average increase of 11.61%), and reduce reactive oxygen species accumulation and membrane oxidative damage. In addition, MT was involved in regulating the changes of endogenous hormones during the germination of maize seeds under salt stress. Transcriptome results showed that MT affected the activity of antioxidant enzymes, response to stress, and seed germination-related genes in maize seeds under salt stress and regulated the expression of genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism and phytohormone signal transduction pathways. Taken together, the results indicate that exogenous MT can affect the expression of stress response-related genes in salt-stressed maize seeds, enhance the antioxidant capacity of the seeds, reduce the damage induced by salt stress, and thus promote the germination of maize seeds under salt stress. The results provide a theoretical basis for the MT-mediated regulatory mechanism of plant adaptation to salt stress and screen potential candidate genes for molecular breeding of salt-tolerant maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.L.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Di Yan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.L.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.L.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.L.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yijia Lian
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.L.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhenzong Lu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.L.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yue Hong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.L.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ye Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.L.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.L.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing 102206, China
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Roussin-Léveillée C, Rossi CAM, Castroverde CDM, Moffett P. The plant disease triangle facing climate change: a molecular perspective. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:895-914. [PMID: 38580544 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Variations in climate conditions can dramatically affect plant health and the generation of climate-resilient crops is imperative to food security. In addition to directly affecting plants, it is predicted that more severe climate conditions will also result in greater biotic stresses. Recent studies have identified climate-sensitive molecular pathways that can result in plants being more susceptible to infection under unfavorable conditions. Here, we review how expected changes in climate will impact plant-pathogen interactions, with a focus on mechanisms regulating plant immunity and microbial virulence strategies. We highlight the complex interactions between abiotic and biotic stresses with the goal of identifying components and/or pathways that are promising targets for genetic engineering to enhance adaptation and strengthen resilience in dynamically changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina A M Rossi
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | | | - Peter Moffett
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Sapiña-Solano A, Boscaiu M, Collado F, Vicente O, Ruiz-González MX. Effects of High Salinity and Water Stress on Wetland Grasses from the Spanish Mediterranean Coast. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1939. [PMID: 39065466 PMCID: PMC11281003 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The impacts of climate change are reaching unprecedented levels, heightening the risk of species loss and ecosystem service degradation. Wetlands, highly threatened ecosystems, serve vital ecological functions by capturing carbon, filtering water, and harbouring diverse wildlife. Coastal wetlands encounter many challenges, such as increased drought periods and escalating salinity levels, severely impacting plant biodiversity. Assessing how plants respond to various environmental stress factors is imperative for devising successful conservation strategies. In the present study, we examined three representative grass species found in various habitats within the Albufera Natural Park, close to the city of Valencia on the Spanish Mediterranean coast: Imperata cylindrica, Phragmites australis, and Saccharum ravennae. High salinity and water stress conditions were induced by subjecting the plants to irrigation with solutions containing 200, 400, 600, and 800 mM NaCl or withholding irrigation altogether to mimic coastal flooding and drought scenarios. The treatments were maintained until noticeable wilting of the plants occurred, at which point a range of stress biomarkers were determined, including photosynthetic pigments, ions, osmolytes, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant metabolites, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities. Saccharum ravennae displayed the highest sensitivity to salt stress, whereas I. cylindrica appeared to be the most tolerant. The primary salinity tolerance mechanism observed in I. cylindrica and P. australis was a blockage of ion transport from the root zone to the aerial part, together with the salt-induced accumulation of proline and soluble sugars to high concentrations in the former. No significant effects of the water deficit treatment on the growth or biochemical parameters were observed for any of the analysed species. These findings offer valuable information for the effective management and conservation of coastal wetlands facing the challenges posed by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Sapiña-Solano
- Institute for Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Collado
- Servici Devesa-Albufera, Vivers Municipals de El Saler, CV-500, km 8.5, 46012 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Mario X. Ruiz-González
- Institute for Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Xu H, Teng H, Zhang B, Liu W, Sui Y, Yan X, Wang Z, Cui H, Zhang H. NtHD9 modulates plant salt tolerance by regulating the formation of glandular trichome heads in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108765. [PMID: 38795550 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the main abiotic factor affecting plant growth. We have previously identified a key gene (NtHD9) in Nicotiana tabacum L. that positively regulates the formation of long glandular trichomes (LGTs). Here, we verified that both abiotic stress (aphids, drought and salt stress) could restore the phenotype lacking LGTs in NtHD9-knockout (NtHD9-KO) plants. The abiotic stress response assays indicated that NtHD9 is highly sensitive to salt stress. Compared with cultivated tobacco "K326" (CK) plants, NtHD9-overexpressing (NtHD9-OE) plants with more LGTs exhibited stronger salt tolerance, whereas NtHD9-KO with no LGTs showed weaker tolerance to salt. The densities and sizes of the glandular heads gradually increased with increasing NaCl concentrations in NtHD9-KO plants. Mineral element determination showed that leaves and trichomes of NtHD9-OE plants accumulated less Na+ but had higher K+ contents under salt stress, thus maintaining ion homeostasis in plants, which could contribute to a robust photosynthetic and antioxidant system under salt stress. Therefore, NtHD9-OE plants maintained a larger leaf area and root length under high-salt conditions than CK and NtHD9-KO plants. We verified that NtHD9 could individually interact with NtHD5, NtHD7, NtHD12, and NtJAZ10 proteins. Salt stress led to an increase in jasmonic acid (JA) levels and activated the expression of NtHDs while inhibiting the expression of NtJAZ. This study suggests that the glandular heads play an important role in plant resistance to salt stress. The activation of JA signaling leading to JAZ protein degradation may be key factors regulating the glandular heads development under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Huanyu Teng
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bokai Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yalin Sui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Khalifa AM, Safhi FA, Elsherif DE. Green synthesis of a dual-functional sulfur nanofertilizer to promote growth and enhance salt stress resilience in faba bean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:607. [PMID: 38926889 PMCID: PMC11202339 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is a major abiotic stress, and the use of saline water in the agricultural sector will incur greater demand under the current and future climate changing scenarios. The objective of this study was to develop a dual-functional nanofertilizer capable of releasing a micronutrient that nourishes plant growth while enhancing salt stress resilience in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). RESULTS Moringa oleifera leaf extract was used to synthesize sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs), which were applied as a foliar spray at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/l) to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress (150 mM NaCl) on faba bean plants. The SNPs were characterized and found to be spherical in shape with an average size of 10.98 ± 2.91 nm. The results showed that salt stress had detrimental effects on the growth and photosynthetic performance (Fv/Fm) of faba bean compared with control, while foliar spraying with SNPs improved these parameters under salinity stress. SNPs application also increased the levels of osmolytes (soluble sugars, amino acids, proline, and glycine betaine) and nonenzymatic antioxidants, while reducing the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA and H2O2). Moreover, SNPs treatment under salinity stress stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO)) and upregulated the expression of stress-responsive genes: chlorophyll a-b binding protein of LHCII type 1-like (Lhcb1), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain-like (RbcL), cell wall invertase I (CWINV1), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1 (ERF1), with the greatest upregulation observed at 50 mg/l SNPs. CONCLUSION Overall, foliar application of sulfur nanofertilizers in agriculture could improve productivity while minimizing the deleterious effects of salt stress on plants. Therefore, this study provides a strong foundation for future research focused on evaluating the replacement of conventional sulfur-containing fertilizers with their nanoforms to reduce the harmful effects of salinity stress and enhance the productivity of faba beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Khalifa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatmah A Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa E Elsherif
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Noor J, Ahmad I, Ullah A, Iqbal B, Anwar S, Jalal A, Okla MK, Alaraidh IA, Abdelgawad H, Fahad S. Enhancing saline stress tolerance in soybean seedlings through optimal NH 4+/NO 3- ratios: a coordinated regulation of ions, hormones, and antioxidant potential. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:572. [PMID: 38890574 PMCID: PMC11184694 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) availability is crucial in regulating plants' abiotic stress resistance, particularly at the seedling stage. Nevertheless, plant responses to N under salinity conditions may vary depending on the soil's NH4+ to NO3- ratio. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of different NH4+:NO3- ratios (100/0, 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25) on the growth and physio-biochemical responses of soybean seedlings grown under controlled and saline stress conditions (0-, 50-, and 100-mM L- 1 NaCl and Na2SO4, at a 1:1 molar ratio). RESULTS We observed that shoot length, root length, and leaf-stem-root dry weight decreased significantly with increased saline stress levels compared to control. Moreover, there was a significant accumulation of Na+, Cl-, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) but impaired ascorbate-glutathione pools (AsA-GSH). They also displayed lower photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b), K+ ion, K+/Na+ ratio, and weakened O2•--H2O2-scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase under both saline stress levels, while reduced ascorbate peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase under 100-mM stress, demonstrating their sensitivity to a saline environment. Moreover, the concentrations of proline, glycine betaine, total phenolic, flavonoids, and abscisic acid increased under both stresses compared to the control. They also exhibited lower indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinins, and zeatine riboside, which may account for their reduced biomass. However, NH4+:NO3- ratios caused a differential response to alleviate saline stress toxicity. Soybean seedlings supplemented with optimal ratios of NH4+:NO3- (T3 = 25:75 and T = 4 50:50) displayed lower Na+ and Cl- and ABA but improved K+ and K+/Na+, pigments, growth hormones, and biomass compared to higher NH4+:NO3- ratios. They also exhibited higher O2•--H2O2-scavenging enzymes and optimized H2O2, MDA, and AsA-GSH pools status in favor of the higher biomass of seedlings. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the NH4+ and NO3- ratios followed the order of 50:50 > 25:75 > 0:100 > 75:25 > 100:0 for regulating the morpho-physio-biochemical responses in seedlings under SS conditions. Accordingly, we suggest that applying optimal ratios of NH4+ and NO3- (25/75 and 50:50) can improve the resistance of soybean seedlings grown in saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Noor
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Babar Iqbal
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shazma Anwar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Jalal
- School of Engineering, Department of Plant Health, Rural Engineering and Soils, São Paulo State University - UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Mohammad K Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alaraidh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada Abdelgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
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Basheeruddin M, Qausain S. Significantly Positive Impact of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Combined With Osmoprotectant (Osmolytes) in Cancer Treatment. Cureus 2024; 16:e63529. [PMID: 39086782 PMCID: PMC11290388 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osmoprotectant osmolyte and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) coadministration can work synergistically in cancer chemotherapy since most tumors are inflammatory and cancer cells experience osmotic stress. NSAIDs have been shown to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which in turn reduces prostaglandin synthesis and prevents inflammation. They also encourage cell death to prevent tumor growth and its spread to other tissues and prevent the construction of new blood vessels, which contributes to the growth of cancer. Taurine belongs to the class of osmolytes since it has been shown to stabilize macromolecular structures and maintain cellular osmotic balance when combined with betaine and glycine. When these drugs are taken together, as opposed to separately, the effectiveness of cancer treatment is increased by increasing cancer cell death and suppressing tumor growth. Notable therapeutic benefits include the reduction of local inflammatory milieu by NSAIDs, which promotes tumor development, and the protection of surviving, normal cells and tissues from treatment-induced damage caused by cancer. By enhancing this synergy, side-effect risk can be decreased and treatment outcomes improved in terms of quality. Put another way, peptides can increase the therapeutic index of NSAIDs in cancer patients by preventing cell damage, which may lessen the gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular (CV), and renal side effects of the drug. However, there are drawbacks because using NSAIDs for an extended period of time is linked to serious side effects that call for strict supervision. More research is required because the usefulness and significance of osmolytes in cancer therapy are still very unclear, if not fragmented. In addition, people who live in places with limited resources may find it difficult to afford the possible expenditures associated with osmolytes and selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. Only the molecular mechanisms of the two drugs' interactions, the appropriate dosages for combination therapy, and clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this dosage should be the focus of future research. The request is inviting because it presents hope for an extremely successful antiviral strategy; nevertheless, in order to implement this approach successfully, it is likely to be necessary to create affordable formulations and scalable solutions that do not necessitate excessive treatment regimen individualization. Due to their complementary capacities to demonstrate anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects, Akta and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) administration may thus represent a significant advancement in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Basheeruddin
- Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sana Qausain
- Biomedical Sciences, Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Phosuwan S, Nounjan N, Theerakulpisut P, Siangliw M, Charoensawan V. Comparative quantitative trait loci analysis framework reveals relationships between salt stress responsive phenotypes and pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1264909. [PMID: 38463565 PMCID: PMC10920293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1264909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a complex abiotic stress that involves several biological pathways. Hence, focusing on a specific or a few salt-tolerant phenotypes is unlikely to provide comprehensive insights into the intricate and interwinding mechanisms that regulate salt responsiveness. In this study, we develop a heuristic framework for systematically integrating and comprehensively evaluating quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses from multiple stress-related traits obtained by different studies. Making use of a combined set of 46 salinity-related traits from three independent studies that were based on the same chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population of rice (Oryza sativa), we demonstrate how our approach can address technical biases and limitations from different QTL studies and calling methods. This allows us to compile a comprehensive list of trait-specific and multi-trait QTLs, as well as salinity-related candidate genes. In doing so, we discover several novel relationships between traits that demonstrate similar trends of phenotype scores across the CSSLs, as well as the similarities between genomic locations that the traits were mapped to. Finally, we experimentally validate our findings by expression analyses and functional validations of several selected candidate genes from multiple pathways in rice and Arabidopsis orthologous genes, including OsKS7 (ENT-KAURENE SYNTHASE 7), OsNUC1 (NUCLEOLIN 1) and OsFRO1 (FERRIC REDUCTASE OXIDASE 1) to name a few. This work not only introduces a novel approach for conducting comparative analyses of multiple QTLs, but also provides a list of candidate genes and testable hypotheses for salinity-related mechanisms across several biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunadda Phosuwan
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Biochemistry (International Program), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppawan Nounjan
- Biodiversity and Environmental Management Division, International College, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Piyada Theerakulpisut
- Salt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Meechai Siangliw
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Division of Medical Bioinformatics, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Sun X, Kaleri GA, Mu Z, Feng Y, Yang Z, Zhong Y, Dou Y, Xu H, Zhou J, Luo J, Xiao Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Effect of Epicuticular Wax Accumulation on Salt Stress in Coconuts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:141. [PMID: 38202449 PMCID: PMC10780918 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The coconut is an important tropical economical crop and exhibits high tolerance to various types of salinity stress. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying its salt tolerance. In this study, RNA-Seq was applied to examine the different genes expressed in four coconut varieties when exposed to a salt environment, resulting in the generation of data for 48 transcriptomes. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that some genes involved in cutin and wax biosynthesis were significantly upregulated in salt treatment compared to the control, including CYP86A4, HTH, CER1, CER2, CER3, DCR, GPAT4, LTP3, LTP4, and LTP5. In particular, the expression of CER2 was induced more than sixfold, with an RPKM value of up to 205 ten days after salt treatment in Hainan Tall coconut, demonstrating superior capacity in salt tolerance compared to dwarf coconut varieties. However, for yellow dwarf and red dwarf coconut varieties, the expression level of the CER2 gene was low at four different time points after exposure to salt treatment, suggesting that this gene may contribute to the divergence in salt tolerance between tall and dwarf coconut varieties. Cytological evidence showed a higher abundance of cuticle accumulation in tall coconut and severe damage to cuticular wax in dwarf coconut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Sun
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Wenchang 571300, China; (X.S.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Ghulam Abid Kaleri
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhihua Mu
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yalan Feng
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Wenchang 571300, China; (X.S.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Zhuang Yang
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yazhu Zhong
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Wenchang 571300, China; (X.S.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yajing Dou
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Wenchang 571300, China; (X.S.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Hang Xu
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junjie Zhou
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yong Xiao
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
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10
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Dawood MFA, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Sohag AAM, Abdel Latef AAH. Role of Acetic Acid and Nitric Oxide against Salinity and Lithium Stress in Canola ( Brassica napus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:51. [PMID: 38202358 PMCID: PMC10781170 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings were treated with individual and combined salinity and lithium (Li) stress, with and without acetic acid (AA) or nitric acid (NO), to investigate their possible roles against these stresses. Salinity intensified Li-induced damage, and the principal component analysis revealed that this was primarily driven by increased oxidative stress, deregulation of sodium and potassium accumulation, and an imbalance in tissue water content. However, pretreatment with AA and NO prompted growth, re-established sodium and potassium homeostasis, and enhanced the defense system against oxidative and nitrosative damage by triggering the antioxidant capacity. Combined stress negatively impacted phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, affecting flavonoids, carotenoids, and anthocyanin levels, which were then restored in canola plants primed with AA and NO. Additionally, AA and NO helped to maintain osmotic balance by increasing trehalose and proline levels and upregulating signaling molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, γ-aminobutyric acid, and salicylic acid. Both AA and NO improved Li detoxification by increasing phytochelatins and metallothioneins, and reducing glutathione contents. Comparatively, AA exerted more effective protection against the detrimental effects of combined stress than NO. Our findings offer novel perspectives on the impacts of combining salt and Li stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F. A. Dawood
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;
| | - Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
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11
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Yin Y, Yang T, Li S, Li X, Wang W, Fan S. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that methyl jasmonate confers salt tolerance in alfalfa by regulating antioxidant activity and ion homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1258498. [PMID: 37780521 PMCID: PMC10536279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1258498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Alfalfa, a globally cultivated forage crop, faces significant challenges due to its vulnerability to salt stress. Jasmonates (JAs) play a pivotal role in modulating both plant growth and response to stressors. Methods In this study, alfalfa plants were subjected to 150 mM NaCl with or without methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The physiological parameters were detected and a transcriptomic analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying MeJA-mediated salt tolerance in alfalfa. Results Results showed that exogenous MeJA regulated alfalfa seed germination and primary root growth in a dose-dependent manner, with 5µM MeJA exerting the most efficient in enhancing salt tolerance. MeJA at this concentration elavated the salt tolerance of young alfalfa seedlings by refining plant growth, enhancing antioxidant capacity and ameliorating Na+ overaccumulation. Subsequent transcriptomic analysis identified genes differentially regulated by MeJA+NaCl treatment and NaCl alone. PageMan analysis revealed several significantly enriched categories altered by MeJA+NaCl treatment, compared with NaCl treatment alone, including genes involved in secondary metabolism, glutathione-based redox regulation, cell cycle, transcription factors (TFs), and other signal transductions (such as calcium and ROS). Further weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) uncovered that turquoise and yellow gene modules were tightly linked to antioxidant enzymes activity and ion content, respectively. Pyruvate decar-boxylase (PDC) and RNA demethylase (ALKBH10B) were identified as the most central hub genes in these two modules. Also, some TFs-hub genes were identified by WGCNA in these two modules highly positive-related to antioxidant enzymes activity and ion content. Discussion MeJA triggered a large-scale transcriptomic remodeling, which might be mediated by transcriptional regulation through TFs or post-transcriptional regulation through demethylation. Our findings contributed new perspectives for understanding the underneath mechanisms by which JA-mediated salt tolerance in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanLing Yin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - TianHui Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - ShuGao Fan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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12
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Fan S, Amombo E, Yin Y, Wang G, Avoga S, Wu N, Li Y. Root system architecture and genomic plasticity to salinity provide insights into salt-tolerant traits in tall fescue. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115315. [PMID: 37542983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is detrimental to soil health, plant growth, and crop productivity. Understanding salt tolerance mechanisms offers the potential to introduce superior crops, especially in coastal regions. Root system architecture (RSA) plasticity is vital for plant salt stress adaptation. Tall fescue is a promising forage grass in saline regions with scarce RSA studies. Here, we used the computer-integrated and -automated programs EZ-Rhizo II and ROOT-Vis II to analyze and identify natural RSA variations and adaptability to high salt stress at physiological and genetic levels in 17 global tall fescue accessions. Total root length rather than the number of lateral roots contribute more to water uptake and could be used to separate salt-tolerant (LS-11) and -sensitive accessions (PI531230). Comparative evaluation of LS-11 and PI531230 demonstrated that the lateral root length rather than the main root contributed more towards the total root length in LS-11. Also, high water uptake was associated with a larger lateral root vector and position while low water intake was associated with an insignificant correlation between root length, vector, and position. To examine candidate gene expression, we performed transcriptome and transcription analyses using high-throughput RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively of the lateral and main roots. The main root displayed more differentially expressed genes than the lateral root. A Poisson comparison of LS-11 vs PI531230 demonstrated significant upregulation of PLASMA MEMBRANE AQUAPORIN 1 and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 22 in both the main and lateral root, which are associated with transmembrane water transport and the auxin-activated signaling system, respectively. There is also an upregulation of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 5 in the main root and a downregulation in the lateral root, which is ascribed to sodium ion transmembrane transport, as well as an upregulation of THE MEDIATOR COMPLEX 1 assigned to water transport in the lateral root and a downregulation in the main root. Gene-protein interaction analysis found that more genes interacting with aquaporins proteins were upregulated in the lateral root than in the main root. We inferred that deeper main roots with longer lateral roots emanating from the bottom of the main root were ideal for tall fescue water uptake and salt tolerance, rather than many shallow roots, and that, while both main lateral roots may play similar roles in salt sensing and water uptake, there are intrinsic genomic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugao Fan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, PR China
| | - Erick Amombo
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Yanling Yin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, PR China
| | - Gunagyang Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, PR China
| | - Sheila Avoga
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430061, PR China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, PR China.
| | - Yating Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, PR China.
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13
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Saeed S, Ullah A, Ullah S, Elshikh MS, Noor J, Eldin SM, Zeng F, Amin F, Ali MA, Ali I. Salicylic Acid and α-Tocopherol Ameliorate Salinity Impact on Wheat. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26122-26135. [PMID: 37521660 PMCID: PMC10373184 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Soil salinity negatively impacts agricultural productivity. Consequently, strategies should be developed to inculcate a salinity tolerance in crops for sustainable food production. Growth regulators play a vital role in regulating salinity stress tolerance. Methods: Thus, we examined the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and alpha-tocopherol (TP) (100 mg/L) on the morphophysio-biochemical responses of two wheat cultivars (Pirsabak-15 and Shankar) to salinity stress (0 and 40 mM). Results: Both Pirsabak-15 and Shankar cultivars were negatively affected by salinity stress. For instance, salinity reduced growth attributes (i.e., leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf moisture content, leaf area ratio, shoot and root dry weight, shoot and root length, as well as root-shoot ratio), pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a, and carotenoids) but increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and endogenous TP in both cultivars. Among the antioxidant enzymes, salinity enhanced the activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in Pirsabak-15; glutathione reductase (GR) and PPO in Shankar, while ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) was present in both cultivars. SA and TP could improve the salinity tolerance by improving growth and photosynthetic pigments and reducing MDA and H2O2. In general, the exogenous application did not have a positive effect on antioxidant enzymes; however, it increased PPO in Pirsabak-15 and SOD in the Shankar cultivar. Conclusions: Consequently, we suggest that SA and TP could have enhanced the salinity tolerance of our selected wheat cultivars by modulating their physiological mechanisms in a manner that resulted in improved growth. Future molecular studies can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which SA and TP regulate the selected wheat cultivars underlying salinity tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Saeed
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang
Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Root Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Cele
National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland
Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javaria Noor
- Department
of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, KP 19650, Pakistan
| | - Sayed M. Eldin
- Center
of
Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future
University in Egypt, New Cairo 18939, Egypt
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang
Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Root Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Cele
National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland
Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Fazal Amin
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center
for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University
of Swat, Charbagh 19120, Pakistan
- Department
of Genetics and Development, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York,New York 10032, United States
- School
of Life Sciences & Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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14
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Fu H, Yang Y. How Plants Tolerate Salt Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5914-5934. [PMID: 37504290 PMCID: PMC10378706 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization inhibits plant growth and seriously restricts food security and agricultural development. Excessive salt can cause ionic stress, osmotic stress, and ultimately oxidative stress in plants. Plants exclude excess salt from their cells to help maintain ionic homeostasis and stimulate phytohormone signaling pathways, thereby balancing growth and stress tolerance to enhance their survival. Continuous innovations in scientific research techniques have allowed great strides in understanding how plants actively resist salt stress. Here, we briefly summarize recent achievements in elucidating ionic homeostasis, osmotic stress regulation, oxidative stress regulation, and plant hormonal responses under salt stress. Such achievements lay the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of plant salt-tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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15
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Balasubramaniam T, Shen G, Esmaeili N, Zhang H. Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2253. [PMID: 37375879 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a severe abiotic stress that negatively affects plant growth and development, leading to physiological abnormalities and ultimately threatening global food security. The condition arises from excessive salt accumulation in the soil, primarily due to anthropogenic activities such as irrigation, improper land uses, and overfertilization. The presence of Na⁺, Cl-, and other related ions in the soil above normal levels can disrupt plant cellular functions and lead to alterations in essential metabolic processes such as seed germination and photosynthesis, causing severe damage to plant tissues and even plant death in the worst circumstances. To counteract the effects of salt stress, plants have developed various mechanisms, including modulating ion homeostasis, ion compartmentalization and export, and the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants. Recent advances in genomic and proteomic technologies have enabled the identification of genes and proteins involved in plant salt-tolerance mechanisms. This review provides a short overview of the impact of salinity stress on plants and the underlying mechanisms of salt-stress tolerance, particularly the functions of salt-stress-responsive genes associated with these mechanisms. This review aims at summarizing recent advances in our understanding of salt-stress tolerance mechanisms, providing the key background knowledge for improving crops' salt tolerance, which could contribute to the yield and quality enhancement in major crops grown under saline conditions or in arid and semiarid regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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16
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Yang L, Wang X, Zhao F, Zhang X, Li W, Huang J, Pei X, Ren X, Liu Y, He K, Zhang F, Ma X, Yang D. Roles of S-Adenosylmethionine and Its Derivatives in Salt Tolerance of Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119517. [PMID: 37298464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that restricts cotton growth and affects fiber yield and quality. Although studies on salt tolerance have achieved great progress in cotton since the completion of cotton genome sequencing, knowledge about how cotton copes with salt stress is still scant. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) plays important roles in many organelles with the help of the SAM transporter, and it is also a synthetic precursor for substances such as ethylene (ET), polyamines (PAs), betaine, and lignin, which often accumulate in plants in response to stresses. This review focused on the biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways of ET and PAs. The current progress of ET and PAs in regulating plant growth and development under salt stress has been summarized. Moreover, we verified the function of a cotton SAM transporter and suggested that it can regulate salt stress response in cotton. At last, an improved regulatory pathway of ET and PAs under salt stress in cotton is proposed for the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Fuyong Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Junsen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yangai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Kunlun He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Daigang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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17
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Mukarram M, Khan MMA, Kurjak D, Corpas FJ. Chitosan oligomers (COS) trigger a coordinated biochemical response of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) plants to palliate salinity-induced oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8636. [PMID: 37244976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant susceptibility to salt depends on several factors from its genetic makeup to modifiable physiological and biochemical status. We used lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) plants as a relevant medicinal and aromatic cash crop to assess the potential benefits of chitosan oligomers (COS) on plant growth and essential oil productivity during salinity stress (160 and 240 mM NaCl). Five foliar sprays of 120 mg L-1 of COS were applied weekly. Several aspects of photosynthesis, gas exchange, cellular defence, and essential oil productivity of lemongrass were traced. The obtained data indicated that 120 mg L-1 COS alleviated photosynthetic constraints and raised the enzymatic antioxidant defence including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities that minimised salt-induced oxidative damage. Further, stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (A) were improved to support overall plant development. The same treatment increased geraniol dehydrogenase (GeDH) activity and lemongrass essential oil production. COS-induced salt resilience suggests that COS could become a useful biotechnological tool in reclaiming saline soil for improved crop productivity, especially when such soil is unfit for leading food crops. Considering its additional economic value in the essential oil industry, we propose COS-treated lemongrass as an excellent alternative crop for saline lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001, Zvolen, Slovakia.
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidant, Free Radical and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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18
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Soufi HR, Roosta HR, Stępień P, Malekzadeh K, Hamidpour M. Manipulation of light spectrum is an effective tool to regulate biochemical traits and gene expression in lettuce under different replacement methods of nutrient solution. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8600. [PMID: 37237093 PMCID: PMC10219983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of light-emitting diode (LED) technology represents a promising approach to improve plant growth and metabolic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different light spectra: red (656 nm), blue (450 nm), red/blue (3:1), and white (peak at 449 nm) on biochemical properties, photosynthesis and gene expression in two lettuce cultivars (Lollo Rossa and Lollo Bionda) grown under different methods of nutrient solution replacement in hydroponics. Complete replacement and EC-based replacement of nutrient solution increased content of proline and soluble sugars and activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GPX and SOD) under the red/blue LED and red LED light treatments in both cultivars. In addition, the red/blue and the monochromatic red light increased the soluble protein content and the antioxidant activity in the Lollo Rosa cultivar under the replacement method according to the needs of the plant. An increase in flavonoid content in the EC-based method in the Lollo Rosa variety treated with a combination of red and blue light was also observed. The red/blue light had the greatest induction effect on anthocyanin content, expression of the UFGT, CHS, and Rubisco small subunit genes, and the net photosynthetic rate. Data presented here will directly contribute to the development of nutrient solution and LED spectrum management strategies to significantly improve plant growth and metabolism, while avoiding water and nutrient waste, and environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Soufi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Roosta
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arāk, Iran.
| | - Piotr Stępień
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Khalil Malekzadeh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hamidpour
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Bandurska H, Breś W, Zielezińska M, Mieloszyk E. Does Potassium Modify the Response of Zinnia ( Zinnia elegans Jacq.) to Long-Term Salinity? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1439. [PMID: 37050066 PMCID: PMC10097175 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors hindering crop production, including ornamental flowering plants. The present study examined the response to salt stress of Zinnia elegans 'Lilliput' supplemented with basic (150 mg·dm-3) and enhanced (300 mg·dm-3) potassium doses. Stress was imposed by adding 0.96 and 1.98 g of NaCl per dm-3 of the substrate. The substrate's electrical conductivity was 1.1 and 2.3 dS·m-1 for lower potassium levels and 1.2 and 2.4 dS·m-1 for higher potassium levels. Salt stress caused a significant and dose-dependent reduction in leaf RWC, increased foliar Na and Cl concentrations, and reduced K. About 15% and 25% of cell membrane injury at lower and higher NaCl doses, respectively, were accompanied by only slight chlorophyll reduction. Salt stress-induced proline increase was accompanied by increased P5CS activity and decreased PDH activity. More than a 25% reduction in most growth parameters at EC 1.1-1.2 dS·m-1 but only a slight decrease in chlorophyll and a 25% reduction in the decorative value (number of flowers produced, flower diameter) only at EC 2.3-2.4 dS·m-1 were found. Salt stress-induced leaf area reduction was accompanied by increased cell wall lignification. An enhanced potassium dose caused a reduction in leaf Na and Cl concentrations and a slight increase in K. It was also effective in membrane injury reduction and proline accumulation. Increasing the dose of potassium did not improve growth and flowering parameters but affected the lignification of the leaf cell walls, which may have resulted in growth retardation. Zinnia elegans 'Lilliput' may be considered sensitive to long-term salt stress.
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20
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Talaat NB, Hanafy AMA. Plant Growth Stimulators Improve Two Wheat Cultivars Salt-Tolerance: Insights into Their Physiological and Nutritional Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3198. [PMID: 36501238 PMCID: PMC9738360 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spermine (SPM) and salicylic acid (SA), plant growth stimulators, are involved in various biological processes and responses to environmental cues in plants. However, the function of their combined treatment on wheat salt tolerance is unclear. In this study, wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Shandawel 1 and Sids 14) plants were grown under non-saline and saline (6.0 and 12.0 dS m-1) conditions and were foliar sprayed with 100 mgL-1 SA and/or 30 mgL-1 SPM. Exogenously applied SA and/or SPM relieved the adverse effects caused by salt stress and significantly improved wheat growth and production by inducing higher photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids) content, nutrient (N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe, Zn, Cu) acquisition, ionic (K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+, Mg2+/Na+) homeostatics, osmolyte (soluble sugars, free amino acids, proline, glycinebetaine) accumulation, protein content, along with significantly lower Na+ accumulation and chlorophyll a/b ratio. The best response was registered with SA and SPM combined treatment, especially in Shandawel 1. This study highlighted the recovery impact of SA and SPM combined treatment on salinity-damaged wheat plants. The newly discovered data demonstrate that this treatment significantly improved the photosynthetic pigment content, mineral homeostasis, and osmoprotector solutes buildup in salinity-damaged wheat plants. Therefore, it can be a better strategy for ameliorating salt toxicity in sustainable agricultural systems.
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