1
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Chao PC, Chen WF, Zevin J, Lee CY. Neural correlates of phonology-to-orthography mapping consistency effects on Chinese spoken word recognition. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 219:104961. [PMID: 33965686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that reading experience reshapes speech processing. The orthography can be implemented in the brain by restructuring the phonological representations or being co-activated during spoken word recognition. This study utilized event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and functional connectivity analysis to examine the neural mechanism underlying two types of orthographic effects in the Chinese auditory semantic category task, namely phonology-to-orthography consistency (POC) and homophone density (HD). We found that the POC effects originated from the speech network, suggesting that sublexical orthographic information could change the organization of preexisting phonological representations when learning to read. Meanwhile, the HD effects were localized to the left fusiform and lingual gyrus, suggesting that lexical orthographic knowledge may be activated online during spoken word recognition. These results demonstrated the different natures and neural mechanisms for the POC and HD effects on Chinese spoken word recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Chao
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Chen
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason Zevin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Liebig J, Froehlich E, Sylvester T, Braun M, Heekeren HR, Ziegler JC, Jacobs AM. Neural processing of vision and language in kindergarten is associated with prereading skills and predicts future literacy. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3517-3533. [PMID: 33942958 PMCID: PMC8249894 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this longitudinal study was to investigate the neural predictors of reading acquisition. For this purpose, we followed a sample of 54 children from the end of kindergarten to the end of second grade. Preliterate children were tested for visual symbol (checkerboards, houses, faces, written words) and auditory language processing (spoken words) using a passive functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm. To examine brain-behavior relationships, we also tested cognitive-linguistic prereading skills at kindergarten age and reading performance of 48 of the same children 2 years later. Face-selective response in the bilateral fusiform gyrus was positively associated with rapid automatized naming (RAN). Response to both spoken and written words at preliterate age was negatively associated with RAN in the dorsal temporo-parietal language system. Longitudinally, neural response to faces in the ventral stream predicted future reading fluency. Here, stronger neural activity in inferior and middle temporal gyri at kindergarten age was associated with higher reading performance. Our results suggest that interindividual differences in the neural system of language and reading affect literacy acquisition and thus might serve as a marker for successful reading acquisition in preliterate children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Liebig
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Froehlich
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teresa Sylvester
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Braun
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hauke R Heekeren
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deparment of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes C Ziegler
- Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Marseille, France
| | - Arthur M Jacobs
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Neergaard KD, Luo J, Huang CR. Phonological network fluency identifies phonological restructuring through mental search. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15984. [PMID: 31690737 PMCID: PMC6831682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated network principles underlying mental search through a novel phonological verbal fluency task. Post exclusion, 95 native-language Mandarin speakers produced as many items that differed by a single lexical tone as possible within one minute. Their verbal productions were assessed according to several novel graded fluency measures, and network science measures that accounted for the structure, cohesion and interconnectedness of lexical items. A multivariate regression analysis of our participants' language backgrounds included their mono- or multi-lingual status, English proficiency, and fluency in other Chinese languages/dialects. Higher English proficiency predicted lower error rates and greater interconnectedness, while higher fluency in other Chinese languages/dialects revealed lower successive similarity and lower network coherence. This inverse relationship between English and other Chinese languages/dialects provides evidence of the restructuring of the phonological mental lexicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl David Neergaard
- University of Macau, Department of English, Macau S.A.R., China.
- Aix-Marseille University, Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Aix-en-Provence, 13100, France.
| | - Jin Luo
- University of Groningen, Erasmus+ Mundus Joint Master Degree in Clinical Linguistics, 9712, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chu-Ren Huang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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4
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Rafat Y, Stevenson RA. Auditory-orthographic integration at the onset of L2 speech acquisition. LANGUAGE AND SPEECH 2019; 62:427-451. [PMID: 29905093 DOI: 10.1177/0023830918777537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have provided evidence for both a positive and a negative effect of orthography on second language speech learning. However, not much is known about whether orthography can trigger a McGurk-like effect (McGurk & MacDonald, 1976) in second language speech learning. This study examined whether exposure to auditory and orthographic input may lead to a McGurk-like effect in naïve English-speaking participants learning a second language with Spanish phonology and orthography. Specifically, it reports on (a) production of non-target-like combinations such as [lj] as in [poljo] for <pollo>-[pojo], where the auditory Spanish [j] and the first language English [l] that correspond to the shared digraph <ll> are integrated, and (b) fusion quantified in terms of [z] devoicing such as [z̥apito] for <zapito>-[zapito]. Moreover, the effects of (a) type of grapheme-to-sound correspondence, (b) position in the word, and (c) condition of training and testing were examined. Participants were assigned to four groups: (a) auditory only, (b) orthography at training and production, (c) orthography at training, and (d) orthography at production. The positions included word-initial and word-medial. The grapheme-to-sound correspondences consisted of <v>-[b], <d>-[δ], <z>-[s] and <ll>-[j]. Results were indicative of a McGurk-like effect only for the Spanish digraph <ll>. The highest rate of combination productions was attested in the orthography-training condition in the word-medial position.
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5
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Planton S, Chanoine V, Sein J, Anton JL, Nazarian B, Pallier C, Pattamadilok C. Top-down activation of the visuo-orthographic system during spoken sentence processing. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116135. [PMID: 31470125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) is considered the key area of the visuo-orthographic system. However, some studies reported that the area is also involved in speech processing tasks, especially those that require activation of orthographic knowledge. These findings suggest the existence of a top-down activation mechanism allowing such cross-modal activation. Yet, little is known about the involvement of the vOT in more natural speech processing situations like spoken sentence processing. Here, we addressed this issue in a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study while manipulating the impacts of two factors, i.e., task demands (semantic vs. low-level perceptual task) and the quality of speech signals (sentences presented against clear vs. noisy background). Analyses were performed at the levels of whole brain and region-of-interest (ROI) focusing on the vOT voxels individually identified through a reading task. Whole brain analysis showed that processing spoken sentences induced activity in a large network including the regions typically involved in phonological, articulatory, semantic and orthographic processing. ROI analysis further specified that a significant part of the vOT voxels that responded to written words also responded to spoken sentences, thus, suggesting that the same area within the left occipitotemporal pathway contributes to both reading and speech processing. Interestingly, both analyses provided converging evidence that vOT responses to speech were sensitive to both task demands and quality of speech signals: Compared to the low-level perceptual task, activity of the area increased when efforts on comprehension were required. The impact of background noise depended on task demands. It led to a decrease of vOT activity in the semantic task but not in the low-level perceptual task. Our results provide new insights into the function of this key area of the reading network, notably by showing that its speech-induced top-down activation also generalizes to ecological speech processing situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Planton
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPL, Aix-en-Provence, France; INSERM-CEA, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Neurospin Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Valérie Chanoine
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institute of Language, Communication and the Brain, Brain and Language Research Institute, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Julien Sein
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre IRM-INT, INT UMR, 7289, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Anton
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre IRM-INT, INT UMR, 7289, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Nazarian
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre IRM-INT, INT UMR, 7289, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Pallier
- INSERM-CEA, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Neurospin Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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6
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Qu Q, Damian MF. The role of orthography in second-language spoken word production: Evidence from Tibetan Chinese bilinguals. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2019; 72:2597-2604. [PMID: 31030642 DOI: 10.1177/1747021819850382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that spoken language production involves involuntary access to orthographic representations, both in languages with alphabetic and non-alphabetic scripts. An unexplored question is whether the role of orthography varies as a function of the language being native or non-native to the individual. Native (L1) and non-native (L2) languages differ in important aspects, that is, lexical representations in L2 might be less well established, but acquired at least partly via reading, and these unique features of non-native languages may contribute to a fundamental difference in how spelling and sound interact in production. We investigated an orthographic impact on spoken production with Tibetan Chinese bilinguals who named coloured line drawings of objects with Chinese adjective–noun phrases. Colour and object names were orthographically related or unrelated. Even though none of the participants were aware of the orthographic manipulation, orthographic overlap generated a facilitatory effect. In conjunction with earlier findings from native speakers on the identical task, we conclude that orthographic information is activated in spoken word production regardless of whether the response language is native or non-native.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Markus F Damian
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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7
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Oliveira ODS, Olive T, Lambert E. Writing Before Speaking Modifies Speech Production. Exp Psychol 2019; 66:126-133. [PMID: 30895913 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether orthographic information influences speech production. We used a non-color-word version of the Stroop task in which participants had to ignore the presented words but name their ink color instead. In two experiments, we manipulated the phonological and orthographic relationships between the words and their ink color and the tasks' context by preactivating or not orthographic information. The relation between the first letter of the prime word and the first phoneme of the color name was phonological or orthographic and phonological or unrelated. In Experiment 1, only phonological information carried out by the prime word affected spoken naming; orthographic information did not help. In Experiment 2, speech production was influenced by orthographic information only after an initial writing task. This confirms that orthographic information can support speaking and that speech is sensitive to properties of the task's context, suggesting that orthographic information is coactivated online with phonological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie De Sousa Oliveira
- 1 Research Center for Cognition and Learning, University of Poitiers, France.,2 French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France
| | - Thierry Olive
- 1 Research Center for Cognition and Learning, University of Poitiers, France.,2 French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France
| | - Eric Lambert
- 1 Research Center for Cognition and Learning, University of Poitiers, France.,2 French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France
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8
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9
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Chiarello C, Vaden KI, Eckert MA. Orthographic influence on spoken word identification: Behavioral and fMRI evidence. Neuropsychologia 2018; 111:103-111. [PMID: 29371094 PMCID: PMC5866781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated behavioral and neuroimaging evidence for orthographic influences on auditory word identification. To assess such influences, the proportion of similar sounding words (i.e. phonological neighbors) that were also spelled similarly (i.e., orthographic neighbors) was computed for each auditorily presented word as the Orthographic-to-Phonological Overlap Ratio (OPOR). Speech intelligibility was manipulated by presenting monosyllabic words in multi-talker babble at two signal-to-noise ratios: + 3 and + 10 dB SNR. Identification rates were lower for high overlap words in the challenging + 3 dB SNR condition. In addition, BOLD contrast increased with OPOR at the more difficult SNR, and decreased with OPOR under more favorable SNR conditions. Both voxel-based and region of interest analyses demonstrated robust effects of OPOR in several cingulo-opercular regions. However, contrary to prior theoretical accounts, no task-related activity was observed in posterior regions associated with phonological or orthographic processing. We suggest that, when processing is difficult, orthographic-to-phonological feature overlap increases the availability of competing responses, which then requires additional support from domain general performance systems in order to produce a single response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chiarello
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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10
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Liebig J, Froehlich E, Morawetz C, Braun M, Jacobs AM, Heekeren HR, Ziegler JC. Neurofunctionally dissecting the reading system in children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 27:45-57. [PMID: 28780219 PMCID: PMC6987884 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reading system can be broken down into four basic subcomponents in charge of prelexical, orthographic, phonological, and lexico-semantic processes. These processes need to jointly work together to become a fluent and efficient reader. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we systematically analyzed differences in neural activation patterns of these four basic subcomponents in children (N=41, 9-13 years) using tasks specifically tapping each component (letter identification, orthographic decision, phonological decision, and semantic categorization). Regions of interest (ROI) were selected based on a meta-analysis of child reading and included the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex (vOT), left posterior parietal cortex (PPC), left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA). Compared to a visual baseline task, enhanced activation in vOT and IFG was observed for all tasks with very little differences between tasks. Activity in the dorsal PPC system was confined to prelexical and phonological processing. Activity in the SMA was found in orthographic, phonological, and lexico-semantic tasks. Our results are consistent with the idea of an early engagement of the vOT accompanied by executive control functions in the frontal system, including the bilateral SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Liebig
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eva Froehlich
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carmen Morawetz
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mario Braun
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, AT-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Arthur M Jacobs
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hauke R Heekeren
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johannes C Ziegler
- Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, F-13331 Marseille, France.
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11
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Han JI, Kim JY. The Influence of Orthography on the Production of Alphabetic, Second-Language Allophones by Speakers of a Non-alphabetic Language. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2017; 46:963-982. [PMID: 28091852 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-016-9474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of orthographic information on the production of allophones in a second language (L2). Two proficiency levels of native Mandarin speakers learned novel Korean words with potential variants of /h/ based on auditory stimuli, and then they were provided various types of spellings for the variants, including the letters for [[Formula: see text]] and ø. Subsequently, picture-naming and spelling recall tasks were given to the Mandarin-speaking learners. The results showed that Mandarin-speaking learners, after exposure to the spellings, began to produce and lexically store the /h/ variants following the given forms of the spellings of words, which provides support for the impact of spellings in the production and lexical storage of L2 allophones. However, the effect of L2-learning experience was not shown to be strong, which suggests difficulty in the native-like attainment of the production of L2 allophones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Im Han
- Department of English, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.
| | - Joo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Korean, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
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12
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Xing S, Lacey EH, Skipper-Kallal LM, Zeng J, Turkeltaub PE. White Matter Correlates of Auditory Comprehension Outcomes in Chronic Post-Stroke Aphasia. Front Neurol 2017; 8:54. [PMID: 28275366 PMCID: PMC5319956 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have shown that speech comprehension involves a number of widely distributed regions within the frontal and temporal lobes. We aimed to examine the differential contributions of white matter connectivity to auditory word and sentence comprehension in chronic post-stroke aphasia. Structural and diffusion MRI data were acquired on 40 patients with chronic post-stroke aphasia. A battery of auditory word and sentence comprehension tests were administered to all the patients. Tract-based spatial statistics were used to identify areas in which white matter integrity related to specific comprehension deficits. Relevant tracts were reconstructed using probabilistic tractography in healthy older participants, and the mean values of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of the entire tracts were examined in relation to comprehension scores. Anterior temporal white matter integrity loss and involvement of the uncinate fasciculus related to word-level comprehension deficits (RFA = 0.408, P = 0.012; RMD = −0.429, P = 0.008; RAD = −0.424, P = 0.009; RRD = −0.439, P = 0.007). Posterior temporal white matter integrity loss and involvement of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus related to sentence-level comprehension deficits (RFA = 0.382, P = 0.02; RMD = −0.461, P = 0.004; RAD = −0.457, P = 0.004; RRD = −0.453, P = 0.005). Loss of white matter integrity in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus related to both word- and sentence-level comprehension (word-level scores: RFA = 0.41, P = 0.012; RMD = −0.447, P = 0.006; RAD = −0.489, P = 0.002; RRD = −0.432, P = 0.008; sentence-level scores: RFA = 0.409, P = 0.012; RMD = −0.413, P = 0.011; RAD = −0.408, P = 0.012; RRD = −0.413, P = 0.011). Lesion overlap, but not white matter integrity, in the arcuate fasciculus related to sentence-level comprehension deficits. These findings suggest that word-level comprehension outcomes in chronic post-stroke aphasia rely primarily on anterior temporal lobe pathways, whereas sentence-level comprehension relies on more widespread pathways including the posterior temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Xing
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Lacey
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Research Division, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Jinsheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Peter E Turkeltaub
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Research Division, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Cavalli E, Colé P, Badier JM, Zielinski C, Chanoine V, Ziegler JC. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Morphological Processing in Visual Word Recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:1228-42. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The spatiotemporal dynamics of morphological, orthographic, and semantic processing were investigated in a primed lexical decision task in French using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The goal was to investigate orthographic and semantic contributions to morphological priming and compare these effects with pure orthographic and semantic priming. The time course of these effects was analyzed in anatomically defined ROIs that were selected according to previous MEG and fMRI findings. The results showed that morphological processing was not localized in one specific area but distributed over a vast network that involved left inferior temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left orbitofrontal gyrus. Second, all morphological effects were specific, that is, in none of the ROIs could morphology effects be explained by pure orthographic or pure semantic overlap. Third, the ventral route was sensitive to both the orthographic and semantic “part” of the morphological priming effect in the M350 time window. Fourth, the earliest effects of morphology occurred in left superior temporal gyrus around 250 msec and reflected the semantic contribution to morphological facilitation. Together then, the present results show that morphological processing is not just an emergent property of processing form or meaning and that semantic contributions to morphological facilitation can occur as early as 250 msec in the left superior temporal gyrus.
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14
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Chen WF, Chao PC, Chang YN, Hsu CH, Lee CY. Effects of orthographic consistency and homophone density on Chinese spoken word recognition. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2016; 157-158:51-62. [PMID: 27174851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies of alphabetic language have shown that orthographic knowledge influences phonological processing during spoken word recognition. This study utilized the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) to differentiate two types of phonology-to-orthography (P-to-O) mapping consistencies in Chinese, namely homophone density and orthographic consistency. The ERP data revealed an orthographic consistency effect in the frontal-centrally distributed N400, and a homophone density effect in central-posteriorly distributed late positive component (LPC). Further source analyses using the standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) demonstrated that the orthographic effect was not only localized in the frontal and temporal-parietal regions for phonological processing, but also in the posterior visual cortex for orthographic processing, while the homophone density effect was found in middle temporal gyrus for lexical-semantic selection, and in the temporal-occipital junction for orthographic processing. These results suggest that orthographic information not only shapes the nature of phonological representations, but may also be activated during on-line spoken word recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fan Chen
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chao
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Linong Street, Section 2, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ning Chang
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK
| | - Chun-Hsien Hsu
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Linong Street, Section 2, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, No. 64, Sec. 2, ZhiNan Rd., Wenshan District, 11605 Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Coderre EL, Smith JF, van Heuven WJB, Horwitz B. The Functional Overlap of Executive Control and Language Processing in Bilinguals. BILINGUALISM (CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND) 2016; 19:471-488. [PMID: 27695385 PMCID: PMC5042330 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728915000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The need to control multiple languages is thought to require domain-general executive control (EC) in bilinguals such that the EC and language systems become interdependent. However, there has been no systematic investigation into how and where EC and language processes overlap in the bilingual brain. If the concurrent recruitment of EC during bilingual language processing is domain-general and extends to non-linguistic EC, we hypothesize that regions commonly involvement in language processing, linguistic EC, and non-linguistic EC may be selectively altered in bilinguals compared to monolinguals. A conjunction of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a flanker task with linguistic and nonlinguistic distractors and a semantic categorization task showed functional overlap in the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) in bilinguals, whereas no overlap occurred in monolinguals. This research therefore identifies a neural locus of functional overlap of language and EC in the bilingual brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Coderre
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, Voice, Speech and Language Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cognitive Neurology/Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason F Smith
- Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, Voice, Speech and Language Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Affective and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | | | - Barry Horwitz
- Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, Voice, Speech and Language Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Payne L, Sekuler R. The importance of ignoring: Alpha oscillations protect selectivity. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2014; 23:171-177. [PMID: 25530685 DOI: 10.1177/0963721414529145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Selective attention is often thought to entail an enhancement of some task-relevant stimulus or attribute. We discuss the perspective that ignoring irrelevant, distracting information plays a complementary role in information processing. Cortical oscillations within the alpha (8-14 Hz) frequency band have emerged as a marker of sensory suppression. This suppression is linked to selective attention for visual, auditory, somatic, and verbal stimuli. Inhibiting processing of irrelevant input makes responses more accurate and timely. It also helps protect material held in short-term memory against disruption. Furthermore, this selective process keeps irrelevant information from distorting the fidelity of memories. Memory is only as good as the perceptual representations on which it is based, and on whose maintenance it depends. Modulation of alpha oscillations can be exploited as an active, purposeful mechanism to help people pay attention and remember the things that matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Payne
- The Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University
| | - Robert Sekuler
- The Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University
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Clos M, Rottschy C, Laird AR, Fox PT, Eickhoff SB. Comparison of structural covariance with functional connectivity approaches exemplified by an investigation of the left anterior insula. Neuroimage 2014; 99:269-80. [PMID: 24844743 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior insula is a multifunctional region involved in various cognitive, perceptual and socio-emotional processes. In particular, a portion of the left anterior insula is closely associated with working memory processes in healthy participants and shows gray matter reduction in schizophrenia. To unravel the functional networks related to this left anterior insula region, we here combined resting state connectivity, meta-analytic-connectivity modeling (MACM) and structural covariance (SC) in addition to functional characterization based on BrainMap meta-data. Apart from allowing new insight into the seed region, this approach moreover provided an opportunity to systematically compare these different connectivity approaches. The results showed that the left anterior insula has a broad response profile and is part of multiple functional networks including language, memory and socio-emotional networks. As all these domains are linked with several symptoms of schizophrenia, dysfunction of the left anterior insula might be a crucial component contributing to this disorder. Moreover, although converging connectivity across all three connectivity approaches for the left anterior insula were found, also striking differences were observed. RS and MACM as functional connectivity approaches specifically revealed functional networks linked with internal cognition and active perceptual/language processes, respectively. SC, in turn, showed a clear preference for highlighting regions involved in social cognition. These differential connectivity results thus indicate that the use of multiple forms of connectivity is advantageous when investigating functional networks as conceptual differences between these approaches might lead to systematic variation in the revealed functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Clos
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Rottschy
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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“With a little help from my friends”: Orthographic influences in spoken word recognition. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2013. [DOI: 10.4074/s0003503313001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lafontaine H, Chetail F, Colin C, Kolinsky R, Pattamadilok C. Role and activation time course of phonological and orthographic information during phoneme judgments. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:2897-2906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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