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Chao AM, Agarwal K, Zhou Y, Grilo CM, Gur RC, Joseph P, Shinohara RT, Richmond TS, Wadden TA. Neural Responses to Auditory Food Stimuli Following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Binge-Eating Disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38953334 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adults with binge-eating disorder (BED), compared with those without BED, demonstrate higher blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response to food cues in reward-related regions of the brain. It is not known whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can reverse this reward system hyperactivation. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed changes in BOLD response to binge-eating cues following CBT versus wait-list control (WLC). METHOD Females with BED (N = 40) were randomized to CBT or WLC. Participants completed assessments at baseline and 16 weeks including measures of eating and appetite and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure BOLD response while listening to personalized scripts of binge-eating and neutral-relaxing cues. Data were analyzed using general linear models with mixed effects. RESULTS Overall retention rate was 87.5%. CBT achieved significantly greater reductions in binge-eating episodes than WLC (mean ± standard error decline of 14.6 ± 2.7 vs. 5.7 ± 2.8 episodes in the past 28 days, respectively; p = 0.03). CBT and WLC did not differ significantly in changes in neural responses to binge-eating stimuli during the fMRI sessions. Compared with WLC, CBT had significantly greater improvements in reward-based eating drive, disinhibition, and hunger as assessed by questionnaires (ps < 0.05). DISCUSSION CBT was effective in reducing binge eating, but, contrary to our hypothesis, CBT did not improve BOLD response to auditory binge-eating stimuli in reward regions of the brain. Further studies are needed to assess mechanisms underlying improvements with CBT for BED. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03604172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M Chao
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Khushbu Agarwal
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paule Joseph
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Therese S Richmond
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas A Wadden
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chen J, Martingano AJ, Ravuri S, Foor K, Fortney C, Carnell S, Batheja S, Persky S. Teaching gene-environment interaction concepts with narrative vignettes: Effects on knowledge, stigma, and behavior motivation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300452. [PMID: 38722839 PMCID: PMC11081345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene-environment interaction (GxE) concepts underlie a proper understanding of complex disease risk and risk-reducing behavior. Communicating GxE concepts is a challenge. This study designed an educational intervention that communicated GxE concepts in the context of eating behavior and its impact on weight, and tested its efficacy in changing knowledge, stigma, and behavior motivation. The study also explored whether different framings of GxE education and matching frames with individual eating tendencies would result in stronger intervention impact. The experiment included four GxE education conditions and a control condition unrelated to GxE concepts. In the education conditions, participants watched a video introducing GxE concepts then one of four narrative vignettes depicting how a character's experience with eating hyperpalatable or bitter tasting food (reward-based eating drive vs. bitter taste perception scenario) is influenced by genetic or environmental variations (genetic vs. environmental framings). The education intervention increased GxE knowledge, genetic causal attributions, and empathetic concern. Mediation analyses suggest that causal attributions, particularly to genetics and willpower, are key factors that drive downstream stigma and eating behavior outcomes and could be targeted in future interventions. Tailoring GxE education frames to individual traits may lead to more meaningful outcomes. For example, genetic (vs. environmental) framed GxE education may reduce stigma toward individuals with certain eating tendencies among individuals without such tendencies. GxE education interventions would be most likely to achieve desired outcomes such as reducing stigma if they target certain causal beliefs and are strategically tailored to individual attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Chen
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Siri Ravuri
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kaylee Foor
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Christopher Fortney
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Susan Carnell
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Sapna Batheja
- College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Susan Persky
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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Mahlberg J, Giddens E, Tiego J, Bellgrove M, Fornito A, Verdejo-Garcia A. Common genetic factors for uncontrolled eating mechanisms. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:1224-1233. [PMID: 38425083 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reward-based eating drives are putative mechanisms of uncontrolled eating implicated in obesity and disordered eating (e.g., binge eating). Uncovering the genetic and environmental contributions to reward-related eating, and their genetic correlation with BMI, could shed light on key mechanisms underlying eating and weight-related disorders. METHOD We conducted a classical twin study to examine how much variance in uncontrolled eating phenotypes and body mass index (BMI) was explained by genetic factors, and the extent that these phenotypes shared common genetic factors. 353 monozygotic twins and 128 dizygotic twins completed the Reward-based Eating Drive 13 scale, which measures three distinct uncontrolled eating phenotypes (loss of control over eating, preoccupation with thoughts about food, and lack of satiety), and a demographic questionnaire which included height and weight for BMI calculation. We estimated additive genetic (A), common environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) factors for each phenotype, as well as their genetic correlations, with a multivariate ACE model. A common pathway model also estimated whether genetic variance in the uncontrolled eating phenotypes was better explained by a common latent uncontrolled eating factor. RESULTS There were moderate genetic correlations between uncontrolled eating phenotypes and BMI (.26-.41). Variance from the uncontrolled eating phenotypes was also best explained by a common latent uncontrolled eating factor that was explained by additive genetic factors (52%). DISCUSSION These results suggest that uncontrolled eating phenotypes are heritable traits that also share genetic variance with BMI. This has implications for understanding the cognitive mechanisms that underpin obesity and disordered eating. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Our study clarifies the degree to which uncontrolled eating phenotypes and BMI are influenced by shared genetics and shows that vulnerability to uncontrolled eating traits is impacted by common genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Mahlberg
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Giddens
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Bellgrove
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Chao AM, Wadden TA, Cao W, Zhou Y, Maldonado D, Cardel MI, Foster GD, Loughead J. Randomized Controlled Trial of Effects of Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment on Food Cue Reactivity. Nurs Res 2024; 73:91-100. [PMID: 37916843 PMCID: PMC10922238 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not known whether behavioral weight loss can attenuate blood oxygen level-dependent responses to food stimuli. OBJECTIVES This randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of a commercially available behavioral weight loss program (WW, WeightWatchers) compared to a wait-list control on blood oxygen level-dependent response to food cues. METHODS Females with obesity ( N = 61) were randomized to behavioral weight loss or wait-list control. At baseline and follow-up, participants completed assessments that included functional magnetic resonance imaging scans to assess response to images of high-calorie foods (HCF) or low-calorie foods (LCF), and neutral objects. RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences in change from baseline to follow-up in any regions of the brain in response to viewing HCF or LCF. From baseline to follow-up, participants in behavioral weight loss, compared with wait-list control, reported significantly greater increases in desire for LCF. Changes in liking and palatability of LCF and liking, palatability, and desire for HCF did not differ between groups. DISCUSSION Behavioral weight loss was associated with increased desire for LCF without changes in neural reactivity to food cues. These results suggest that alteration of neurological processes underlying responsiveness to food is difficult to achieve through behavioral weight management alone.
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Moore H, White MJ, Finlayson G, King N. Can smartphone-based response inhibition training elicit sustained changes in appetite, preference, and cravings for energy-dense foods? A free-living randomized controlled trial. Br J Health Psychol 2024; 29:165-184. [PMID: 37704590 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-specific response inhibition training has been implemented as a strategy to modify food choices and reward-related eating behaviours, but short-term studies have produced equivocal findings. OBJECTIVE To longitudinally assess the effect of a smartphone-based response inhibition intervention on food reward, hedonic eating drive, and cravings in a free-living setting. METHODS 84 adults (Mage = 30.49, SDage = 13.01, 52 female) with high responsivity to food cues or overweight/obesity were randomly assigned to a response inhibition training intervention (n = 45) or a control game (n = 39) at home during a training week, followed by a week with no training. Primary analyses compared groups on measures of explicit liking and implicit wanting for food of different energy densities, food cravings, and reward-related eating throughout this two-week period. RESULTS A reduction was observed in explicit liking and implicit wanting for energy-dense foods from baseline to post-training independent of condition (ps < .001). These changes from baseline were sustained after a 1-week latency period, also independent of condition (ps < .001). These effects coincided with similar observations of hedonic eating drive, tonic cravings, and control over cravings during the observation period (ps < .01). CONCLUSIONS Although significant reductions in reward-related appetite were observed, free-living response inhibition training did not offer additional benefit over a control activity. Future intervention studies with observable food intake are needed to investigate which appetitive mechanisms most reliably predict eating behaviour over time. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered with ANZCTR [ACTRN12622001502729].
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Affiliation(s)
- Halim Moore
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie J White
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Psychology and Counselling, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Neil King
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Boutelle KN, Afari N, Obayashi S, Eichen DM, Strong DR, Peterson CB. Design of the CHARGE study: A randomized control trial evaluating a novel treatment for Veterans with binge eating disorder and overweight and obesity. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 130:107234. [PMID: 37210072 PMCID: PMC10409628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A large number of Veterans experience binge eating and overweight or obesity, which are associated with significant health and psychological consequences. The gold-standard program for the treatment of binge eating, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), results in decreases in binge eating frequency but does not result in significant weight loss. We developed the Regulation of Cues (ROC) program to reduce overeating and binge eating through improvement in sensitivity to appetitive cues and decreased responsivity to external cues, an approach that has never been tested among Veterans. In this study, we combined ROC with energy restriction recommendations from behavioral weight loss (ROC+). This study is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of ROC+, and to compare the efficacy of ROC+ and CBT on reduction of binge eating, weight, and energy intake over 5-months of treatment and 6-month follow-up. Study recruitment completed in March 2022. One hundred and twenty-nine Veterans were randomized (mean age = 47.10 (sd = 11.3) years; 41% female, mean BMI = 34.8 (sd = 4.7); 33% Hispanic) and assessments were conducted at baseline, during treatment and at post-treatment. The final 6-month follow-ups will be completed in April 2023. Targeting novel mechanisms including sensitivity to internal cures and responsivity to external cues is critically important to improve binge eating and weight-loss programs among Veterans. Clinicaltrials.govNCT03678766.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Niloofar Afari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Saori Obayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dawn M Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David R Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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Manzano MA, Strong DR, Rhee KE, Liang J, Boutelle KN. Discordance between assessments of food cue responsiveness: Implications for assessment in youth with overweight/obesity. Appetite 2023; 186:106575. [PMID: 37100119 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Food cue responsiveness (FCR), broadly defined as behavioral, cognitive, emotional and/or physiological responses to external appetitive cues outside of physiological need, contributes to overeating and obesity among youth and adults. A variety of measures purportedly assess this construct, ranging from youth- or parent-report surveys to objective eating tasks. However, little research has assessed their convergence. It is especially important to evaluate this in children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB), as reliable and valid assessments of FCR are essential to better understand the role of this critical mechanism in behavioral interventions. The present study examined the relationship between five measures of FCR in a sample of 111 children with OW/OB (mean age = 10.6, mean BMI percentile = 96.4; 70% female; 68% white; 23% Latinx). Assessments included: objectively measured eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), parasympathetic activity when exposed to food, parent reported food responsiveness subscale from the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ-FR), child self-reported Power of Food total score (C-PFS), and child self-reported Food Cravings Questionnaire total score (FCQ-T). Statistically significant spearman correlations were found between EAH and CEBQ-FR (ρ = 0.19, p < 0.05) and parasympathetic reactivity to food cues with both C-PFS (ρ = -0.32, p = 0.002) and FCQ-T (ρ = -0.34, p < 0.001). No other associations were statistically significant. These relationships remained significant in subsequent linear regression models controlling for child age and gender. The lack of concordance between measures assessing highly conceptually related constructs is of concern. Future studies should seek to elucidate a clear operationalization of FCR, examine the associations between FCR assessments in children and adolescents with a range of weight statuses, and evaluate how to best revise these measures to accurately reflect the latent construct being assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Manzano
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States; University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, United States.
| | - David R Strong
- University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, United States
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, United States
| | - June Liang
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, United States
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, United States; University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, United States; University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, United States
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Kang Sim DE, Eichen DM, Strong DR, Manzano MA, Boutelle KN. Development and validation of the food cue responsivity scale. Physiol Behav 2023; 258:114028. [PMID: 36368562 PMCID: PMC9754925 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Food cues are ubiquitous in today's environment; however, there is heterogeneity as to the extent to which these cues impact eating behavior among individuals. This study examines the validity and reliability of the Food Cue Responsivity Scale (FCRS) to assess responsivity to distinct types of food cues. Items gathered from existing measures were combined in the FCRS to reflect two subdomains, uncontrolled eating behavior and cognitive rumination. The criterion validity of the FCRS was established using a paradigm that assesses psychophysiological responsivity to a craved food among adults with overweight or obesity. Higher overall FCRS scores were associated with greater physiological responsivity to food exposures. These findings may help identify specific phenotypes of individuals with overweight or obesity with high responsivity to food cues, which could be used to understand overeating and response to weight-loss programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Eastern Kang Sim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States.
| | - Dawn M Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - David R Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Michael A Manzano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; San Diego State University/ University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, United States
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States
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Ostendorf DM, Caldwell AE, Zaman A, Pan Z, Bing K, Wayland LT, Creasy SA, Bessesen DH, MacLean P, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA. Comparison of weight loss induced by daily caloric restriction versus intermittent fasting (DRIFT) in individuals with obesity: study protocol for a 52-week randomized clinical trial. Trials 2022; 23:718. [PMID: 36038881 PMCID: PMC9421629 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The standard of care for treating overweight and obesity is daily caloric restriction (DCR). While this approach produces modest weight loss, adherence to DCR declines over time and weight regain is common. Intermittent fasting (IMF) is an alternative dietary strategy for reducing energy intake (EI) that involves >60% energy restriction on 2-3 days per week, or on alternate days, with habitual intake on fed days. While numerous studies have evaluated IMF as a weight loss strategy, there are several limitations including lack of a standard-of-care DCR control, failure to provide guideline-based behavioral support, and failure to rigorously evaluate dietary and PA adherence using objective measures. To date, only three longer-term (52-week) trials have evaluated IMF as a weight loss strategy. None of these longer-duration studies reported significant differences between IMF and DCR in changes in weight. However, each of these studies has limitations that prohibit drawing generalizable conclusions about the relative long-term efficacy of IMF vs. DCR for obesity treatment. METHODS The Daily Caloric Restriction vs. Intermittent Fasting Trial (DRIFT) is a two-arm, 52-week block randomized (1:1) clinical weight loss trial. The two intervention arms (DCR and IMF) are designed to prescribe an equivalent average weekly energy deficit from baseline weight maintenance energy requirements. Both DCR and IMF will be provided guideline-based behavioral support and a PA prescription. The primary outcome is change in body weight at 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes include changes in body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), metabolic parameters, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE, doubly labeled water (DLW)), EI (DLW intake-balance method, 7-day diet diaries), and patterns of physical activity (PA, activPAL device). DISCUSSION Although DCR leads to modest weight loss success in the short-term, there is wide inter-individual variability in weight loss and poor long-term weight loss maintenance. Evidence-based dietary approaches to energy restriction that are effective long-term are needed to provide a range of evidence-based options to individuals seeking weight loss. The DRIFT study will evaluate the long-term effectiveness of IMF vs. DCR on changes in objectively measured weight, EI, and PA, when these approaches are delivered using guideline-based behavioral support and PA prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Ann E. Caldwell
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Adnin Zaman
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Kristen Bing
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Liza T. Wayland
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Seth A. Creasy
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Paul MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
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Cummings JR, Faith MS, Lipsky LM, Liu A, Mooney JT, Nansel TR. Prospective relations of maternal reward-related eating, pregnancy ultra-processed food intake and weight indicators, and feeding mode with infant appetitive traits. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:100. [PMID: 35922793 PMCID: PMC9351142 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infant appetitive traits including eating rate, satiety responsiveness, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food predict weight gain in infancy and early childhood. Although studies show a strong genetic influence on infant appetitive traits, the association of parent and infant appetite is understudied. Furthermore, little research examines the influence of maternal pregnancy dietary intake, weight indicators, and feeding mode on infant appetite. The present study investigated relations of maternal reward-related eating, pregnancy ultra-processed food intake and weight indicators, and feeding mode with infant appetitive traits. Methods Mothers in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study (458 mothers enrolled, 367 retained through delivery) completed self-report measures of reward-related eating, and principal component analysis yielded two components: (1) food preoccupation and responsiveness and (2) reinforcing value of food. Mothers completed 24-h dietary recalls across pregnancy, and the standardized NOVA (not an acronym) system categorized recalled foods based on processing level. Maternal anthropometrics were measured across pregnancy. At infant age 6 months, mothers reported on feeding mode and infant appetitive traits. Linear regressions were conducted predicting infant appetitive traits from household income-poverty ratio (step 1); maternal reward-related eating components (step 2); pregnancy ultra-processed food intake (% of energy intake), early pregnancy body mass index, and gestational weight gain (step 3); and exclusive breastfeeding duration (step 4). Results A 1-SD greater maternal food preoccupation and responsiveness was associated with 0.20-SD greater infant satiety responsiveness (p = .005). A 1-SD greater % energy intake from ultra-processed foods during pregnancy was associated with 0.16-SD lower infant satiety responsiveness (p = .031). A 1-SD longer exclusive breastfeeding duration was associated with 0.18-SD less infant food responsiveness (p = .014). Other associations of maternal reward-related eating, pregnancy ultra-processed food intake and weight indicators, and feeding mode with infant appetitive traits were non-significant. Conclusions Proximal early-life environmental factors including maternal pregnancy dietary intake and feeding mode may facilitate or protect against obesogenic infant appetitive traits, whereas infant appetite may not parallel maternal reward-related eating. Further investigation into the etiology of appetitive traits early in development, particularly during solid food introduction, may elucidate additional modifiable risk factors for child obesity. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov. Registration ID – NCT02217462. Date of registration – August 13, 2014. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01334-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Cummings
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Myles S Faith
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo - SUNY, 420 Bady Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14250, USA
| | - Leah M Lipsky
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Aiyi Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Jan T Mooney
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.,Health Psychology PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Colvard Hall, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Tonja R Nansel
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
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11
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Clina JG, Sayer RD, Cohen CW, Wyatt HR, Baidwan NK, Hill JO. Do outcomes from a behavioral weight loss intervention differ in Alabama versus Colorado? Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:455-465. [PMID: 35949282 PMCID: PMC9358729 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Design Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne G. Clina
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - R. Drew Sayer
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Caroline W. Cohen
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Holly R. Wyatt
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
- Anschutz Medical Center University of Colorado Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Navneet Kaur Baidwan
- School of Health Professions University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - James O. Hill
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
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12
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Fang X, Davis X, Flack KD, Duncan C, Li F, White M, Grilo C, Small DM. Dietary adaptation for weight loss maintenance at Yale (DAWLY): Protocol and predictions for a randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940064. [PMID: 35967820 PMCID: PMC9369668 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current therapies for obesity treatment are effective at producing short-term weight loss, but weight loss maintenance remains a significant challenge. Here we investigate the impact of pre-intervention dietary fat intake on the efficacy of a dietary supplement to support weight loss maintenance. Preclinical work demonstrates that a vagal afferent pathway critical for sensing dietary lipids is blunted by a high-fat diet (HFD), resulting in a reduced preference for a low-fat emulsion and severe blunting of the dopamine (DA) response to the gastric infusion of lipids. Infusion of the gut lipid messenger oleoylethanolamide (OEA), which is also depleted by HFD, immediately reverses this DA blunting and restores preference for the low-fat emulsion. Studies of OEA supplementation for weight loss in humans have had limited success. Given the strong effect of HFD on this pathway, we designed a study to test whether the efficacy of OEA as a weight loss treatment is related to pre-intervention habitual intake of dietary fat. Methods/Design We employed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 100 adults with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) were randomized to receive either OEA or placebo daily for 16 months. Following a baseline evaluation of diet, metabolic health, adiposity, and brain response to a palatable an energy dense food, participants in both groups underwent a 4-month behavioral weight loss intervention (LEARN®) followed by a 1-year maintenance period. The study aims are to (1) determine if pre-intervention dietary fat intake moderates the ability of OEA to improve weight loss and weight loss maintenance after a gold standard behavioral weight loss treatment; (2) identify biomarkers that predict outcome and optimize a stratification strategy; and (3) test a model underlying OEA's effectiveness. Discussion Focusing on interventions that target the gut-brain axis is supported by mounting evidence for the role of gut-brain signaling in food choice and the modulation of this circuit by diet. If successful, this work will provide support for targeting the gut-brain pathway for weight loss maintenance using a precision medicine approach that is easy and inexpensive to implement. Clinical Trial Registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04614233].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fang
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xue Davis
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kyle D. Flack
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Foods, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chavonn Duncan
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fangyong Li
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Marney White
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Carlos Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dana M. Small
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,*Correspondence: Dana M. Small,
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13
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Solier-López L, González-González R, Caracuel A, Kakoschke N, Lawrence N, Vilar-López R. A Program for the Comprehensive Cognitive Training of Excess Weight (TRAINEP): The Study Protocol for A Randomized, Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148447. [PMID: 35886296 PMCID: PMC9324504 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: The available treatments for people with excess weight have shown small effects. Cognitive training has shown promising results, but most of the research focused on normal-weight university students and reported immediate results after a single training session. This parallel group, randomized, controlled trial aims to study the efficacy of a program for the comprehensive cognitive treatment of excess weight. Methods and Analysis: Participants will be 150 people with excess weight recruited through social media, who will be randomized into three groups: cognitive intervention, sham cognitive intervention, and treatment as usual. All assessment and intervention sessions will be online in groups of 5–6 participants. The three groups will attend a motivational interviewing session, and they will receive individualized diet and physical exercise guidelines throughout the program. The cognitive training will consist of four weekly sessions of approximately 60–90 min, each based on approach–avoidance bias training, inhibitory control training, implementation of intentions, and episodic future thinking, respectively. The main outcome measure will be a change in Body Mass Index (kg/m2). Secondary outcomes include changes in cognitive measures, eating and physical exercise behaviors, and anthropometric measures. Assessments will be conducted up to 6 months after the end of the program. In addition, data on the use of the health system will be collected to analyze the cost-effectiveness and the cost-utility of training. Linear mixed models will be used for statistical analysis. Findings of this study will expand the available evidence on cognitive interventions to reduce excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Solier-López
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18070 Granada, Spain; (L.S.-L.); (R.G.-G.); (R.V.-L.)
| | - Raquel González-González
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18070 Granada, Spain; (L.S.-L.); (R.G.-G.); (R.V.-L.)
| | - Alfonso Caracuel
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18070 Granada, Spain; (L.S.-L.); (R.G.-G.); (R.V.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Naomi Kakoschke
- Nutrition and Health Program (Health & Biosecurity) at CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Natalia Lawrence
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK;
| | - Raquel Vilar-López
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18070 Granada, Spain; (L.S.-L.); (R.G.-G.); (R.V.-L.)
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14
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Miller RL, Moran M, Lucas-Thompson RG, Sanchez N, Seiter N, Rayburn S, Verros M, Haddock SA, Zimmerman TS, Johnson SA, Shomaker LB. Mental health and health behaviors among college student mentors in a randomized controlled trial interrupted by COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35728068 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2086007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The benefits of mindfulness-training and mentoring for college students have yet to be investigated. We aimed to provide an exploratory and descriptive account of their potential benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: In February 2020, 49 undergraduates (M = 20.51 years-old; 94% female) participated in a randomized trial of 12-week mentoring + mindfulness or mentoring-as-usual. After five weekly mentoring-sessions, programs were interrupted by COVID-19; mentoring continued online. Methods: Undergraduates completed questionnaires about mental health, behaviors, and regulatory processes in February and July 2020, with additional COVID-19-related questions at follow-up. Results: Participants reported moderate COVID-19-related perceived stress, but mental health, health behaviors, and regulatory processes did not diminish over time, with no condition differences. Undergraduates described using contemplative practices and social support to cope with COVID-19-stress. Conclusions: Undergraduates showed stable mental health/health behaviors despite moderate COVID-19-related-stress. Future research on mentoring with a mindfulness component among a larger and more heterogeneous sample will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan L Miller
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Megan Moran
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Natalia Sanchez
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Natasha Seiter
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie Rayburn
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Megan Verros
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Shelley A Haddock
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Toni S Zimmerman
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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15
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Hilbert A, Witte V, Meule A, Braehler E, Kliem S. Development of the Hedonic Overeating–Questionnaire (HEDO–Q). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091865. [PMID: 35565829 PMCID: PMC9100100 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Addictive-like eating is prevalent, but a clear conceptualization and operationalization outside of an addiction framework is lacking. By adopting a biopsychological framework of food reward, this study sought to develop and evaluate a brief self-report questionnaire for the trait assessment of hedonic overeating and dyscontrol. Items in the Hedonic Overeating–Questionnaire (HEDO–Q) were constructed following a rational approach and psychometrically evaluated in a large random sample from the German population (N = 2531). A confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensional nature of the six-item HEDO–Q with the three postulated components of wanting, liking, and dyscontrol. Psychometric properties were favorable with good corrected item-total correlations, acceptable item difficulty and homogeneity, and high internal consistency. Population norms were provided. The HEDO–Q revealed strict measurement invariance for sex and partial invariance for age and weight status. Discriminant validity was demonstrated in distinguishing participants with versus without eating disturbances or obesity. Associations with the established measures of eating disorder and general psychopathology supported the convergent and divergent validity of the HEDO–Q. This first evaluation indicates good psychometric properties of the HEDO–Q in the general population. Future validation work is warranted on the HEDO–Q’s stability, sensitivity to change, and predictive and construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Veronica Witte
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, 83209 Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Elmar Braehler
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Soeren Kliem
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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16
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Scherer EA, Metcalf SA, Whicker CL, Bartels SM, Grabinski M, Kim SJ, Sweeney MA, Lemley SM, Lavoie H, Xie H, Bissett PG, Dallery J, Kiernan M, Lowe MR, Onken L, Prochaska JJ, Stoeckel LE, Poldrack RA, MacKinnon DP, Marsch LA. Momentary Influences on Self-Regulation in Two Populations With Health Risk Behaviors: Adults Who Smoke and Adults Who Are Overweight and Have Binge-Eating Disorder. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:798895. [PMID: 35373179 PMCID: PMC8971561 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.798895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Self-regulation has been implicated in health risk behaviors and is a target of many health behavior interventions. Despite most prior research focusing on self-regulation as an individual-level trait, we hypothesize that self-regulation is a time-varying mechanism of health and risk behavior that may be influenced by momentary contexts to a substantial degree. Because most health behaviors (e.g., eating, drinking, smoking) occur in the context of everyday activities, digital technologies may help us better understand and influence these behaviors in real time. Using a momentary self-regulation measure, the current study (which was part of a larger multi-year research project on the science of behavior change) used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess if self-regulation can be engaged and manipulated on a momentary basis in naturalistic, non-laboratory settings. Methods This one-arm, open-label exploratory study prospectively collected momentary data for 14 days from 104 participants who smoked regularly and 81 participants who were overweight and had binge-eating disorder. Four times per day, participants were queried about momentary self-regulation, emotional state, and social and environmental context; recent smoking and exposure to smoking cues (smoking sample only); and recent eating, binge eating, and exposure to binge-eating cues (binge-eating sample only). This study used a novel, momentary self-regulation measure comprised of four subscales: momentary perseverance, momentary sensation seeking, momentary self-judgment, and momentary mindfulness. Participants were also instructed to engage with Laddr, a mobile application that provides evidence-based health behavior change tools via an integrated platform. The association between momentary context and momentary self-regulation was explored via mixed-effects models. Exploratory assessments of whether recent Laddr use (defined as use within 12 h of momentary responses) modified the association between momentary context and momentary self-regulation were performed via mixed-effects models. Results Participants (mean age 35.2; 78% female) in the smoking and binge-eating samples contributed a total of 3,233 and 3,481 momentary questionnaires, respectively. Momentary self-regulation subscales were associated with several momentary contexts, in the combined as well as smoking and binge-eating samples. For example, in the combined sample momentary perseverance was associated with location, positively associated with positive affect, and negatively associated with negative affect, stress, and tiredness. In the smoking sample, momentary perseverance was positively associated with momentary difficulty in accessing cigarettes, caffeine intake, and momentary restraint in smoking, and negatively associated with temptation and urge to smoke. In the binge-eating sample, momentary perseverance was positively associated with difficulty in accessing food and restraint in eating, and negatively associated with urge to binge eat. While recent Laddr use was not associated directly with momentary self-regulation subscales, it did modify several of the contextual associations, including challenging contexts. Conclusions Overall, this study provides preliminary evidence that momentary self-regulation may vary in response to differing momentary contexts in samples from two exemplar populations with risk behaviors. In addition, the Laddr application may modify some of these relationships. These findings demonstrate the possibility of measuring momentary self-regulation in a trans-diagnostic way and assessing the effects of momentary, mobile interventions in context. Health behavior change interventions may consider measuring and targeting momentary self-regulation in addition to trait-level self-regulation to better understand and improve health risk behaviors. This work will be used to inform a later stage of research focused on assessing the transdiagnostic mediating effect of momentary self-regulation on medical regimen adherence and health outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03352713.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Scherer
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Stephen A Metcalf
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cady L Whicker
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Sophia M Bartels
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael Grabinski
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Sunny Jung Kim
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Mary Ann Sweeney
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Shea M Lemley
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Hannah Lavoie
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Haiyi Xie
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Patrick G Bissett
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jesse Dallery
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michaela Kiernan
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael R Lowe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lisa Onken
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Luke E Stoeckel
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Russell A Poldrack
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David P MacKinnon
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Lisa A Marsch
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
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17
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Garcia-Garcia I, Neseliler S, Morys F, Dadar M, Yau YHC, Scala SG, Zeighami Y, Sun N, Collins DL, Vainik U, Dagher A. Relationship between impulsivity, uncontrolled eating and body mass index: a hierarchical model. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:129-136. [PMID: 34552208 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity increases the risk for obesity and weight gain. However, the precise role of impulsivity in the aetiology of overeating behavior and obesity is currently unknown. Here we examined the relationships between personality-related measures of impulsivity, Uncontrolled Eating, body mass index (BMI), and longitudinal weight changes. In addition, we analyzed the associations between general impulsivity domains and cortical thickness to elucidate brain vulnerability factors related to weight gain. METHODS Students (N = 2318) in their first year of university-a risky period for weight gain-completed questionnaire measures of impulsivity and eating behavior at the beginning of the school year. We also collected their weight at the end of the term (N = 1177). Impulsivity was divided into three factors: stress reactivity, reward sensitivity and lack of self-control. Using structural equation models, we tested a hierarchical relationship, in which impulsivity traits were associated with Uncontrolled Eating, which in turn predicted BMI and weight change. Seventy-one participants underwent T1-weighted MRI to investigate the correlation between impulsivity and cortical thickness. RESULTS Impulsivity traits showed positive correlations with Uncontrolled Eating. Higher scores in Uncontrolled Eating were in turn associated with higher BMI. None of the impulsivity-related measurements nor Uncontrolled Eating were correlated with longitudinal weight gain. Higher stress sensitivity was associated with increased cortical thickness in the superior temporal gyrus. Lack of self-control was positively associated with increased thickness in the superior medial frontal gyrus. Finally, higher reward sensitivity was associated with lower thickness in the inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSION The present study provides a comprehensive characterization of the relationships between different facets of impulsivity and obesity. We show that differences in impulsivity domains might be associated with BMI via Uncontrolled Eating. Our results might inform future clinical strategies aimed at fostering self-control abilities to prevent and/or treat unhealthy weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Garcia-Garcia
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Selin Neseliler
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Filip Morys
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mahsa Dadar
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yvonne H C Yau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie G Scala
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yashar Zeighami
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Sun
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Uku Vainik
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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18
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Missel AL, O’Brien AV, Maser H, Kanwal A, Bayandorian H, Martin S, Carrigan P, McNamee R, Daubenmier J, Isaman DJ, Padmanabhan V, Smith YR, Aikens JE, Saslow LR. Impact of an online multicomponent very-low-carbohydrate program in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study. F S Rep 2021; 2:386-395. [PMID: 34934978 PMCID: PMC8655401 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the impact of a very-low-carbohydrate (VLC) diet for 16 weeks in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Single-arm prospective pilot study. SETTING We recruited participants using medical records from an academic medical center. PATIENTS Twenty-nine overweight or obese women (body mass index, 25-50 kg/m2) with PCOS. INTERVENTIONS We taught participants to follow a VLC diet and provided information about a variety of behavioral skills including mindfulness and positive affect using an online 16-week intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in body weight, glycated hemoglobin, and PCOS-related quality of life. RESULTS The intervention led to positive health outcomes including decreases in percent weight (mean difference = -7.67, SD = 6.10) and glycated hemoglobin level (mean difference = -0.21%, SD = 0.27), an increase in sex hormone binding globulin level (mean difference = 9.24 nmol/L, SD = 16.34), and increases in PCOS-related quality of life measures, including menstrual predictability (mean difference = 2.10, SD = 2.76) and body hair (mean difference = 1.14, SD = 1.04). The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased (mean difference = 0.23 mmol/L, SD = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a VLC dietary intervention has potential to promote both weight loss and glycemic control in overweight and obese adults with PCOS, two key components in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03987854.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Missel
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alison Virginia O’Brien
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Haley Maser
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Amreen Kanwal
- Department of Psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Michigan
| | | | - Symone Martin
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paige Carrigan
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Jennifer Daubenmier
- Department of Recreation, Parks and Tourism, College of Health and Social Sciences, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Deanna J.M. Isaman
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Medical Professional Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yolanda R. Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James E. Aikens
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura R. Saslow
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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19
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Dolwick AP, Persky S. Parental reward-based eating drive predicts parents' feeding behaviors and Children's ultra-processed food intake. Appetite 2021; 164:105241. [PMID: 33839147 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reward-based eating drive is associated with individual consumption, but there has been a paucity of research on the relationships between parental reward-based eating, child feeding behaviors, and child food consumption. Child feeding behaviors likely to be associated with parental reward-based eating drive include the provision of ultra-processed foods, as they are designed to be hyperpalatable and are associated with disordered food intake. The present study uses a virtual reality (VR) buffet restaurant environment to examine parents' food choice behaviors for their children and a food frequency assessment to measure the children's reported consumption over the course of a week. Results found that parental reward-based eating drive significantly predicted ultra-processed calories chosen by parents for their children in the VR Buffet, as well as the amount of ultra-processed food children ate according to the food frequency assessment. Both of these effects were significantly mediated by the healthfulness of the home food environment. This study is among the first to demonstrate associations between parental reward-based eating drive and child-focused food behavior and to elucidate a mediating effect of the home food environment on such relationships. These findings may be useful for the development of family-based interventions to improve child feeding and ultimately child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Dolwick
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Susan Persky
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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20
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Lacroix E, von Ranson KM. Lived Experience and Defining Addictive-Like Eating: a Synthesis of Qualitative Research. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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García-García I, Morys F, Michaud A, Dagher A. Food Addiction, Skating on Thin Ice: a Critical Overview of Neuroimaging Findings. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Conceptualizing addictive-like eating: A qualitative analysis. Appetite 2019; 141:104326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Radin RM, Mason AE, Laudenslager ML, Epel ES. Maternal caregivers have confluence of altered cortisol, high reward-driven eating, and worse metabolic health. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216541. [PMID: 31075126 PMCID: PMC6510426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models have shown that chronic stress increases cortisol, which contributes to overeating of highly palatable food, increased abdominal fat and lower cortisol reactivity. Few studies in humans have simultaneously examined these trajectories. We examined premenopausal women, either mothers of children with a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (n = 92) or mothers of neurotypical children (n = 91). At baseline and 2-years, we assessed hair cortisol, metabolic health, and reward-based eating. We compared groups cross-sectionally and prospectively, accounting for BMI change. Caregivers, relative to controls, had lower cumulative hair cortisol at each time point, with no decreases over time. Caregivers also had stable levels of poor metabolic functioning and greater reward-based eating across both time points, and evidenced increased abdominal fat prospectively (all ps ≤.05), independent of change in BMI. This pattern of findings suggest that individuals under chronic stress, such as caregivers, would benefit from tailored interventions focusing on better regulation of stress and eating in tandem to prevent early onset of metabolic disease, regardless of weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Radin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ashley E. Mason
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Laudenslager
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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24
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Arumäe K, Kreegipuu K, Vainik U. Assessing the Overlap Between Three Measures of Food Reward. Front Psychol 2019; 10:883. [PMID: 31133914 PMCID: PMC6524717 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food reward is an important concept for research in eating behaviors. Many food reward tasks have been developed and are in active use. However, little is known how much these tasks overlap. Here, we sought to compare three promising food reward tasks: (1) the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ; a procedure combining explicit ratings of wanting and liking and an implicit wanting task based on forced choice), (2) a hand grip force task, and (3) an emotional attentional blink (EAB) task. Specifically, we assessed whether the tasks are sensitive to changes in hunger, correlate with each other, and correlate with trait binge eating and snack food calorie intake. Thirty-nine women aged 25.51 ± 5.99 years, with a BMI of 22.51 ± 3.58 kg/m2 completed the three tasks twice: after a 6-h fast and following a breakfast meal. In the fasted condition, participants were also given ad libitum access to snack foods to assess calorie intake. Prior to the two laboratory sessions, participants completed a trait binge eating questionnaire. Results revealed that the LFPQ’s explicit wanting and explicit liking subscales, as well as grip force reflected higher food reward scores in the fasted condition. The three metrics also correlated positively with each other. Explicit wanting and liking correlated with snack food intake, while grip force did not. None of the tasks were related to trait binge eating. Reaction times in the forced choice procedure did not reflect changes in hunger, but the task was nevertheless able to differentiate between foods varying in taste and fat content. The EAB was not sensitive to the hunger manipulation; neither did the task correlate with binge eating or energy intake. Collectively, our findings suggest that the explicit wanting and liking scales and the grip force task measure the same construct, whereas EAB results may be obscured by a variety of potential confounding factors. Future research could include additional food reward tasks in comparisons, measure covariates that may moderate the variables’ associations, and compare hunger-dependent changes in food reward in different subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Arumäe
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kairi Kreegipuu
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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25
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Vainik U, García-García I, Dagher A. Uncontrolled eating: a unifying heritable trait linked with obesity, overeating, personality and the brain. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:2430-2445. [PMID: 30667547 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many eating-related psychological constructs have been proposed to explain obesity and overeating. However, these constructs, including food addiction, disinhibition, hedonic hunger, emotional eating, binge eating and the like all have similar definitions, emphasizing loss of control over intake. As questionnaires measuring the constructs correlate strongly (r > 0.5) with each other, we propose that these constructs should be reconsidered to be part of a single broad phenotype: uncontrolled eating. Such an approach enables reviewing and meta-analysing evidence obtained with each individual questionnaire. Here, we describe robust associations between uncontrolled eating, body mass index (BMI), food intake, personality traits and brain systems. Reviewing cross-sectional and longitudinal data, we show that uncontrolled eating is phenotypically and genetically intertwined with BMI and food intake. We also review evidence on how three psychological constructs are linked with uncontrolled eating: lower cognitive control, higher negative affect and a curvilinear association with reward sensitivity. Uncontrolled eating mediates all three constructs' associations with BMI and food intake. Finally, we review and meta-analyse brain systems possibly subserving uncontrolled eating: namely, (i) the dopamine mesolimbic circuit associated with reward sensitivity, (ii) frontal cognitive networks sustaining dietary self-control and (iii) the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, amygdala and hippocampus supporting stress reactivity. While there are limits to the explanatory and predictive power of the uncontrolled eating phenotype, we conclude that treating different eating-related constructs as a single concept, uncontrolled eating, enables drawing robust conclusions on the relationship between food intake and BMI, psychological variables and brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uku Vainik
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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26
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"There is no way to avoid the first bite": A qualitative investigation of addictive-like eating in treatment-seeking Brazilian women and men. Appetite 2019; 137:35-46. [PMID: 30794818 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There has been polarizing debate on addictive-like eating in recent years. To move toward valid definition and measurement of this construct, qualitative research describing individuals' experiences is needed. The present study explored how Brazilian men and women define and experience addictive-like eating. Interviews were conducted with 7 men and 8 women (Mage = 46.6 years, MBMI = 35.43 kg/m2) seeking treatment for addictive-like eating. Thematic analysis of interviews identified three saturated, overarching themes describing participants' conceptualizations of the (1) characteristics, (2) causal factors, and (3) consequences of addictive-like eating. Lack of control was a key characteristic of addictive-like eating described by all participants. A causal factor which most participants described was emotional eating. Consequences included emotional, interpersonal, occupational, and health-related impairments which appeared primarily related to weight gain, rather than to the pattern of addictive-like eating itself. These results are largely consistent with those of previous qualitative studies. Importantly, the symptoms described by our participants and in previous qualitative studies may be inadequately captured by existing self-report questionnaires designed to assess addictive-like eating. To address this potential limitation, we provide recommendations for assessing the full range of possible addictive-like eating symptoms.
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27
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Vainik U, Eun Han J, Epel ES, Janet Tomiyama A, Dagher A, Mason AE. Rapid Assessment of Reward-Related Eating: The RED-X5. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:325-331. [PMID: 30677261 PMCID: PMC6352904 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of obesity has created a plethora of questionnaires characterizing psychological aspects of eating behavior, such as reward-related eating (RRE). The Reward-based Eating Drive questionnaires (RED-9, RED-13) broadly and deeply assess the RRE construct. However, large-sample research designs require shorter questionnaires that capture RRE quickly and precisely. This study sought to develop a brief, reliable, and valid version of the RED questionnaire. METHODS All-subset correlation was used to find a subset that maximally associated with the full RED-13 in two separate samples. Results were validated in a third independent sample. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and ability to explain variance in external outcomes were also assessed. RESULTS A five-item questionnaire (RED-X5) correlated strongly with RED-13 in the independent sample (r = 0.95). RED-X5 demonstrated high internal consistency (omega total ≥ 0.80) and 6-month test-retest reliability (r = 0.72). RED-X5 accurately reproduced known associations between RED-13 and BMI, diabetes status, and craving for sweet and savory foods. As a novel finding, RED questionnaires predicted laboratory intake of chips. CONCLUSIONS RED-X5 is a short, reliable, and valid measure of the RRE construct and can be readily implemented in large-sample research designs in which questionnaire space is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uku Vainik
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jung Eun Han
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- UCSF Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, USA
- UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, USA
| | - A. Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ashley E. Mason
- UCSF Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, USA
- UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, USA
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28
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Romer AL, Su Kang M, Nikolova YS, Gearhardt AN, Hariri AR. Dopamine genetic risk is related to food addiction and body mass through reduced reward-related ventral striatum activity. Appetite 2018; 133:24-31. [PMID: 30296504 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence rate of obesity continues to rise in the U.S., but effective treatment options remain elusive resulting in increased emphasis on prevention. One such area of prevention research capitalizes on the relatively novel behavioral construct of food addiction, which has been implicated in obesity. Food addiction reflects an individual's propensity for compulsive eating despite negative consequences, and shares not only symptoms with both eating and substance use disorders but also genetic and neural correlates within neural reward-circuitry modulated by dopamine. Here, we examined associations between food addiction scores, body mass index (BMI), reward-related ventral striatum activity, and a polygenic score approximating dopamine signaling in 115 non-Hispanic Caucasian young adult university students. As predicted, polygenic dopamine scores were related to ventral striatum activity, which in turn was associated with higher food addiction scores. In addition, food addiction was related to BMI. An exploratory post-hoc path analysis further indicated that polygenic scores were indirectly related to both food addiction and BMI, in part, through ventral striatum activity. Collectively, our results provide evidence supporting the utility of food addiction in weight gain prevention research by establishing links with known risk-related neural and genetic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Su Kang
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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29
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Lacroix E, Tavares H, von Ranson KM. Moving beyond the "eating addiction" versus "food addiction" debate: Comment on Schulte et al. (2017). Appetite 2018; 130:286-292. [PMID: 29936021 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In a recent commentary, Schulte et al. (2017) argued that addictive-like eating should be conceptualized as a substance use disorder rather than a behavioural addiction, and noted that many parallels that Hebebrand et al. (2014) drew between addictive-like eating and behavioural addictions apply likewise to substance use disorders. However, we argue that many of the arguments advanced by Schulte et al. (2017) in support of a substance-based food addiction model, including the important role played by ingested substances, are nonspecific. That is, these arguments apply equally well to behavioural addictions and other mental disorders, notably eating disorders, which raises the question of whether the phenomenon of addictive-like eating is encompassed by existing eating disorder diagnoses. Similarities between addictive-like eating and substance use, no matter how compelling, do not ensure the validity or clinical utility of a substance-based food addiction model and should not drive the conceptualization of addictive-like eating. The present commentary discusses problems with Schulte et al.'s (2017) arguments for substance-based food addiction, and draws attention to alternative conceptualizations of addictive-like eating which risk being overlooked when this conversation is framed as a dichotomous debate between the food and eating addiction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lacroix
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Hermano Tavares
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-010, Brazil.
| | - Kristin M von Ranson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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30
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Sutin AR, Boutelle K, Czajkowski SM, Epel ES, Green PA, Hunter CM, Rice EL, Williams DM, Young-Hyman D, Rothman AJ. Accumulating Data to Optimally Predict Obesity Treatment (ADOPT) Core Measures: Psychosocial Domain. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26 Suppl 2:S45-S54. [PMID: 29575781 PMCID: PMC7055940 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the Accumulating Data to Optimally Predict obesity Treatment (ADOPT) Core Measures Project, the psychosocial domain addresses how psychosocial processes underlie the influence of obesity treatment strategies on weight loss and weight maintenance. The subgroup for the psychosocial domain identified an initial list of high-priority constructs and measures that ranged from relatively stable characteristics about the person (cognitive function, personality) to dynamic characteristics that may change over time (motivation, affect). OBJECTIVES This paper describes (a) how the psychosocial domain fits into the broader model of weight loss and weight maintenance as conceptualized by ADOPT; (b) the guiding principles used to select constructs and measures for recommendation; (c) the high-priority constructs recommended for inclusion; (d) domain-specific issues for advancing the science; and (e) recommendations for future research. SIGNIFICANCE The inclusion of similar measures across trials will help to better identify how psychosocial factors mediate and moderate the weight loss and weight maintenance process, facilitate research into dynamic interactions with factors in the other ADOPT domains, and ultimately improve the design and delivery of effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences & Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Kerri Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Susan M Czajkowski
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paige A Green
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine M Hunter
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elise L Rice
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - David M Williams
- Center for Health Equity Research, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Deborah Young-Hyman
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander J Rothman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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31
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Vainik U, Meule A. Jangle fallacy epidemic in obesity research: a comment on Ruddock et al. (2017). Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:585-586. [PMID: 29081502 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Vainik
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Meule
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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