1
|
Murray GM, Sessle BJ. Pain-sensorimotor interactions: New perspectives and a new model. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2024; 15:100150. [PMID: 38327725 PMCID: PMC10847382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2024.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
How pain and sensorimotor behavior interact has been the subject of research and debate for many decades. This article reviews theories bearing on pain-sensorimotor interactions and considers their strengths and limitations in the light of findings from experimental and clinical studies of pain-sensorimotor interactions in the spinal and craniofacial sensorimotor systems. A strength of recent theories is that they have incorporated concepts and features missing from earlier theories to account for the role of the sensory-discriminative, motivational-affective, and cognitive-evaluative dimensions of pain in pain-sensorimotor interactions. Findings acquired since the formulation of these recent theories indicate that additional features need to be considered to provide a more comprehensive conceptualization of pain-sensorimotor interactions. These features include biopsychosocial influences that range from biological factors such as genetics and epigenetics to psychological factors and social factors encompassing environmental and cultural influences. Also needing consideration is a mechanistic framework that includes other biological factors reflecting nociceptive processes and glioplastic and neuroplastic changes in sensorimotor and related brain and spinal cord circuits in acute or chronic pain conditions. The literature reviewed and the limitations of previous theories bearing on pain-sensorimotor interactions have led us to provide new perspectives on these interactions, and this has prompted our development of a new concept, the Theory of Pain-Sensorimotor Interactions (TOPSMI) that we suggest gives a more comprehensive framework to consider the interactions and their complexity. This theory states that pain is associated with plastic changes in the central nervous system (CNS) that lead to an activation pattern of motor units that contributes to the individual's adaptive sensorimotor behavior. This activation pattern takes account of the biological, psychological, and social influences on the musculoskeletal tissues involved in sensorimotor behavior and on the plastic changes and the experience of pain in that individual. The pattern is normally optimized in terms of biomechanical advantage and metabolic cost related to the features of the individual's musculoskeletal tissues and aims to minimize pain and any associated sensorimotor changes, and thereby maintain homeostasis. However, adverse biopsychosocial factors and their interactions may result in plastic CNS changes leading to less optimal, even maladaptive, sensorimotor changes producing motor unit activation patterns associated with the development of further pain. This more comprehensive theory points towards customized treatment strategies, in line with the management approaches to pain proposed in the biopsychosocial model of pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg M. Murray
- Discipline of Restorative and Reconstructive Dentistry, Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Darcy Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Barry J. Sessle
- Faculty of Dentistry and Temerty Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology, and Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lidborg LH, Cross CP, Boothroyd LG. A meta-analysis of the association between male dimorphism and fitness outcomes in humans. eLife 2022; 11:e65031. [PMID: 35179485 PMCID: PMC9106334 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are sexually dimorphic: men and women differ in body build and composition, craniofacial structure, and voice pitch, likely mediated in part by developmental testosterone. Sexual selection hypotheses posit that, ancestrally, more 'masculine' men may have acquired more mates and/or sired more viable offspring. Thus far, however, evidence for either association is unclear. Here, we meta-analyze the relationships between six masculine traits and mating/reproductive outcomes (96 studies, 474 effects, N = 177,044). Voice pitch, height, and testosterone all predicted mating; however, strength/muscularity was the strongest and only consistent predictor of both mating and reproduction. Facial masculinity and digit ratios did not significantly predict either. There was no clear evidence for any effects of masculinity on offspring viability. Our findings support arguments that strength/muscularity may be sexually selected in humans, but cast doubt regarding selection for other forms of masculinity and highlight the need to increase tests of evolutionary hypotheses outside of industrialized populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda H Lidborg
- Department of Psychology, Durham UniversityDurhamUnited Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun Q, Wang Y, Lu N, Lyu S. Intergenerational support and depressive symptoms among older adults in rural China: the moderating roles of age, living alone, and chronic diseases. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:83. [PMID: 35086485 PMCID: PMC8796626 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While depressive symptoms are recognized as major mental health problems in later life, there is a lack of study in examining potential moderators in the association between intergenerational support and depressive symptoms, especially in social contexts with low socioeconomic status and inadequate formal public support. This study set out to examine the association between intergenerational support and depressive symptoms among older adults in rural Northeast China, and the potential moderating roles of age, living alone, and number of chronic diseases on this link. Methods A quota sampling approach was used to recruit 448 respondents aged 60 and above from rural Chinese communities. Depressive symptoms were the dependent variable. Intergenerational emotional, instrumental, and financial support were the main independent variables. Age, living alone, and number of chronic diseases were the moderators. Multiple linear regression models with interaction terms were conducted to test the proposed model. Results The results showed that intergenerational emotional support was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in older adults when instrumental and financial support and covariates were controlled (β = -0.196, p < .001). Age was found to have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between intergenerational instrumental support and depressive symptoms (β = -0.118, p < .05). Among older respondents aged 74.51 years and older, instrumental support was positively associated with depressive symptoms, but this association was not significant for younger respondents. Furthermore, living alone and number of chronic diseases suffered moderated the association between intergenerational financial support and depressive symptoms, which was statistically significant only for those living alone and with more chronic diseases (interaction term between living alone and intergenerational financial support: β = -0.082, p < .05; interaction term between number of chronic diseases and intergenerational financial support: β = -0.088, p < .05. Conclusions The findings not only highlight the important role of intergenerational support in promoting mental health in later life in rural Chinese contexts, but also identify within-population heterogeneity in the identified associations. Policy and intervention implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Social Security, School of Public Administration, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center On Morality and Law-based Social Governance, Shijiazhuang, China.,Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youwei Wang
- Department of Social Security, School of Public Administration, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Nan Lu
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyan Lyu
- Department of Social Security, School of Public Administration, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pei Z, Hu F, Qin W, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Cong X, Liu C, Xu L. The relationship between living arrangements and depression among older adults in Shandong, China: The mediating role of social support. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:896938. [PMID: 36451767 PMCID: PMC9701745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.896938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living arrangements and social support have an impact on depression among older adults. However, the underlying mechanism between those variables remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of social support in the relationship between living arrangements and depression among older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select 3,859 older adults from Taian City, Shandong Province, China, for cross-sectional investigation. Living arrangements were measured by a question. Social support and depression were measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between living arrangements and depression and the possible influence of social support on the relationship between living arrangements and depression. RESULTS Statistics showed that 15.08% of older adults lived alone. After controlling for covariates, living arrangements (ß = 0.45, t = 2.87, P < 0.01) and social support (ß =-0.08, t =-16.93, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with depression. The linear regression model showed that social support mediated the relationship between living arrangements and depression, and the mediating effect accounted for 18.20% of the total effect. CONCLUSION This study revealed that living arrangements played an essential role in indirectly predicting depression in older adults through social support. This provided evidence for how to reduce depression in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfei Pei
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangfang Hu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhe Qin
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxia Cong
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanli Liu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lingzhong Xu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rothe N, Steffen J, Penz M, Kirschbaum C, Walther A. Examination of peripheral basal and reactive cortisol levels in major depressive disorder and the burnout syndrome: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:232-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
6
|
Cernea A, Fernández-Martínez JL, de Andrés-Galiana EJ, Fernández-Muñiz Z, Bermejo-Millo JC, González-Blanco L, Solano JJ, Abizanda P, Coto-Montes A, Caballero B. Prognostic networks for unraveling the biological mechanisms of Sarcopenia. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 182:111129. [PMID: 31445068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related multifactorial process that involved several biological mechanisms, whose specific contribution and interplay is still unknown. The present study proposes prognostic networks based on machine learning approaches to unravel the interplay among those biological mechanisms mainly involved in the development of Sarcopenia. After analyzing 114 biological and clinical variables in adults older than 70 years, and using all the biological prognostic networks detected by machine learning with accuracy higher than 82%, we designed a consensus classifier based on majority vote that improve the predictive accuracy of Sarcopenia up to 91%. Additionally, we applied logistic regression analysis to propose the interplay among the most discriminative biological variables of Sarcopenia: anthropometry, body composition, functional performance of lower limbs, systemic oxidative stress, presence of depression and medication for the digestive system based on proton-pump inhibitors. Our data also demonstrate that besides a loss of muscle mass, impairments on functional performance of lower limbs are more relevant for develop Sarcopenia than those affecting the muscle strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cernea
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 8, 33007, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Fernández-Martínez
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 8, 33007, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Juan de Andrés-Galiana
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 8, 33007, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Zulima Fernández-Muñiz
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 8, 33007, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Bermejo-Millo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) and Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura González-Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) and Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan José Solano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) and Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, Av. Dolores Fernández Vega 107, 33012, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pedro Abizanda
- Geriatric Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, C/Hnos. Falcó, 37, 02008, Albacete, Spain; CIBERFES (CB16/10/00408), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) and Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) and Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li C, Jiang S, Zhang X. Intergenerational relationship, family social support, and depression among Chinese elderly: A structural equation modeling analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 248:73-80. [PMID: 30716614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association among intergenerational relationship, family social support, and elderly's depression symptoms. METHOD Data were obtained from China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) 2014, which is a continuous large-scale national social survey project conducted by the National Survey Research Center at Renmin University of China. Stratified multi-stage probability sampling method was used to collect the sample (N = 11,511). Structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze the association among intergenerational relationship, family social support, and elderly's depression. RESULTS Intergenerational relationship and family social support were negatively correlated with an elderly's depression level. Elderly who enjoyed positive intergenerational relationships with their children would experience adequate family social support and likely have few depression symptoms. CONCLUSION Intergenerational relationship directly affected the elderly's depression level. Family social support played a mediating role between intergenerational relationship and depression. Our findings could contribute to current theories and knowledge and provide implications in social policy, pension service, and social work intervention for the elderly in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunkai Li
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Depressive symptoms and muscle weakness: A two-way relation? Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
9
|
Choi E, Kwon Y, Lee M, Choi J, Choi I. Social Relatedness and Physical Health Are More Strongly Related in Older Than Younger Adults: Findings from the Korean Adult Longitudinal Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:3. [PMID: 29403415 PMCID: PMC5780438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that social relatedness is beneficial to physical health; however, findings on the relative strength of the relationship between these variables have been inconsistent. The present study employed cross-sectional survey (Study 1) and a daily diary survey (Study 2) to examine the link between social relatedness and physical health by age. Using a representative sample of Korean adults (N = 371) aged from 20 to 69, Study 1 examines the link between social relatedness (loneliness, perceived social support) and physical health (physical symptoms, chronic health conditions) using age as a moderator. The results show that participants' age moderates the association between social relatedness and physical health. Study 2 (N = 384) further corroborated the findings from Study 1 by showing that when controlling for the physical symptoms experienced prior to the daily diary reports, the level of loneliness experienced over a 13-day period exacerbates the age differences in the physical symptoms. The present study thus provides converging evidence that social relatedness plays a significant role in physical health, particularly in the older population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Choi
- Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuri Kwon
- Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minha Lee
- Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongan Choi
- Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Incheol Choi
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elliesen R, Walther A. Commentary: Physical Functional Capacity and C-Reactive Protein in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:7. [PMID: 29434554 PMCID: PMC5790803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
11
|
Walther A, Waldvogel P, Noser E, Ruppen J, Ehlert U. Emotions and Steroid Secretion in Aging Men: A Multi-Study Report. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1722. [PMID: 29033885 PMCID: PMC5627388 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aging increases the risk of cognitive and socioemotional deterioration, it has also been shown to be accompanied by an increase in experienced positive emotions and a decrease in negative emotions. Steroid hormones and age-related alterations in secretion patterns have been suggested to play a crucial role in these age-related changes in emotional experience. Importantly, previous studies identified effects of neuroactive hormones on age-related alterations in emotional experience, which vary by sex and depression levels. Therefore, in three independent cross-sectional studies including a total of 776 men, we examined age-related differences in emotional experience and subsequently the moderation effect of steroid hormones. Sample one consisted of 271 self-reporting healthy (SRH) men aged between 40 and 75 years, while sample two comprised 121 men in the identical age range but only including vitally exhausted (VE) men. Sample three included 384 men aged between 25 and 78 years who reported having fathered (FA) at least one child. For the SRH men, age was negatively associated with anxiety symptoms and aggression, while negative trends emerged for depressive symptoms. In VE men, age was negatively associated with depressive symptoms and positively associated with aggression and positive emotions. For FA men, anxiety symptoms and aggression were negatively associated with age. Age trends of steroid hormones and identified moderation effects are reported. However, with adjustment for multiple comparisons, most of the significant associations fade and the reported associations need to be regarded as exploratory starting points for the further investigation of age-related alterations in emotional experience and their relation to steroid secretion. Overall, the results indicate that salivary cortisol might be a moderator of the association between age and symptoms of anxiety for SRH and VE men, while salivary testosterone seems to moderate the association between age and symptoms of anxiety or depression in VE and FA men, respectively. Both hair cortisol and progesterone seem to influence age-related alterations in anger experience. Age-related alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis emerge as promising avenues to further investigate the decrease in experienced negative emotions in aging men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walther
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patricia Waldvogel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Central European Network on Fatherhood (CENOF), Headquarters at the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilou Noser
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Ruppen
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Central European Network on Fatherhood (CENOF), Headquarters at the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Breidenstein J, Przyborowski C, Walther A. Commentary: Sex Differences in the Peripheral Immune System in Patients with Depression. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:145. [PMID: 28848457 PMCID: PMC5553013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Walther
- Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Walther A, Penz M, Ijacic D, Rice TR. Bipolar Spectrum Disorders in Male Youth: The Interplay between Symptom Severity, Inflammation, Steroid Secretion, and Body Composition. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:207. [PMID: 29093685 PMCID: PMC5651281 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and societal burden of youth bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD) are high. These disorders are multisystemic in that adult populations there are clear interactions with inflammatory processes and steroidal physiological systems. There are much less data concerning these areas of study in youth populations with BSD. This is surprising given the association of youth-onset BSD with puberty and its associated physiological changes. In this mini-review, we overview the theoretical role of inflammatory processes and steroidal physiological systems in youth BSD, describe the greater literature in adult populations, detail the literature in youth populations when available, and overview current proposed molecular mechanistic pathways and interaction effects based on the available data. We also attend to the interplay of this complex system with body composition and weight gain, an especially important consideration in relation to the role of second generation antipsychotics as the first line treatment for youth with BSD in major clinical guidelines. A developmental model of early onset BSD for boys is hypothesized with pubertal hormonal changes increasing risk for first (hypo-)manic/depressive episode. The dramatic androgen rise during puberty might be relevant for first onset of BSD in boys. A shift from general hypercortisolism driven by glucocorticoid resistance to hypocortisolism with further disease progression is assumed, while increased levels of inflammation are functionally associated with endocrine dysregulation. The interacting role of overweight body habitus and obesity in youth with BSD further indicates leptin resistance to be a central moderator of the dynamic neurobiology of BSD in youth. The intent of this mini-review is to advance our knowledge of youth BSD as multisystemic disorders with important contributions from endocrinology and immunology based on a developmental perspective. This knowledge can influence current clinical care and more importantly inform future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walther
- Department of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Penz
- Department of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Ijacic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy R Rice
- Department of Psychiatry - Child and Adolescent Inpatient Service, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|