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Thai H, Audet ÉC, Koestner R, Lepage M, O'Driscoll GA. The role of motivation in clinical presentation, treatment engagement and response in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 113:102471. [PMID: 39111125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia, a debilitating psychiatric disorder, has a long-term impact on social and occupational functioning. While negative symptoms, notably amotivation, are recognized as poor prognostic factors, the positive force of patient motivation (autonomous motivation) remains underexplored. This systematic review, guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), investigated the impact of motivation on clinical presentation, and treatment engagement and response in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Fifty-five independent studies (N = 6897), using 23 different motivation scales, met inclusion criteria. Results were categorized into cross-sectional and longitudinal correlates of autonomous motivation, and the effects of motivational interventions. Cross-sectionally, autonomous motivation was positively associated with social/occupational functioning, and negatively associated with negative and positive symptom severity. In longitudinal studies, baseline autonomous motivation predicted engagement in and response to social/occupational treatments, with mixed results in cognitive interventions. In the 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the most common motivational interventions were individualized goal setting and goal attainment support, followed by increasing sense of competence by challenging defeatist beliefs, and enhancing relatedness by increasing contact time. Motivational interventions consistently increased autonomous motivation, treatment engagement and response. More studies are needed, particularly studies that monitor motivation during treatment: proximal assessments could facilitate the identification of treatment elements that impact motivation and engagement and inform treatment modifications to enhance the patient experience and improve treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Thai
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Élodie C Audet
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Richard Koestner
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Martin Lepage
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Gillian A O'Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Gu B, Rose J, Kurtz MM. Cognitive training for schizophrenia: Do race and ethnicity matter? Schizophr Res 2024; 272:20-25. [PMID: 39181007 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Racial disparities in diagnosis, treatment, and outcome have been well-established for people with schizophrenia. While cognitive remediation treatments have been shown to produce mild to moderate improvements in cognition for people with schizophrenia, few studies have examined racial/ethnic differences in treatment response. This study employed a secondary analysis of data from two randomized, single-blind controlled trials (N = 119) investigating the efficacy of two forms of cognitive training, to explore potential racial/ethnic differences in targeted outcomes. Given the extant literature, we predicted that racial/ethnic minorities would (1) drop out of the study at higher rates, (2) display greater levels of functional and cognitive impairment prior to treatment, and (3) display lower levels of improvement in cognitive and functioning outcomes following treatment. Our study revealed largely negative findings: white vs. non-white groups showed similar treatment drop-out rates, similar levels of cognitive impairment and symptom severity at study baseline and showed similar responses to cognitive training, with the exception of working memory in which participants' racial/ethnic minority status predicted significantly greater improvement in response to cognitive training. These findings suggest that cognitive remediation treatments are effective at addressing cognitive deficits in racial/ethnic minorities and supports cognitive remediation as a treatment which may help address racial/ethnic disparities in cognition. Given the scant research literature, future analyses should look at race as a potential mediator of treatment in a variety of evidence-based psychosocial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Gu
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, Judd Hall, 207 High Street, Middletown, CT 06459, United States
| | - Jennifer Rose
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, Judd Hall, 207 High Street, Middletown, CT 06459, United States
| | - Matthew M Kurtz
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, Judd Hall, 207 High Street, Middletown, CT 06459, United States.
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Morales-Pillado C, Fernández-Castilla B, Sánchez-Gutiérrez T, González-Fraile E, Barbeito S, Calvo A. Efficacy of technology-based interventions in psychosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:6304-6315. [PMID: 36472150 PMCID: PMC10520607 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology-based interventions (TBIs) are a useful approach when attempting to provide therapy to more patients with psychosis. METHODS Randomized controlled trials of outcomes of TBIs v. face-to-face interventions in psychosis were identified in a systematic search conducted in PubMed/Ovid MEDLINE. Data were extracted independently by two researchers, and standardized mean changes were pooled using a three-level model and network meta-analysis. RESULTS Fifty-eight studies were included. TBIs complementing treatment as usual (TAU) were generally superior to face-to-face interventions (g = 0.16, p ≤ 0.0001) and to specific outcomes, namely, neurocognition (g = 0.13, p ≤ 0.0001), functioning (g = 0.25, p = 0.006), and social cognition (g = 0.32, p ≤ 0.05). Based on the network meta-analysis, the effect of two TBIs differed significantly from zero; these were the TBIs cognitive training for the neurocognitive outcome [g = 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.23] and cognitive behavioral therapy for quality of life (g = 1.27; 95% CI 0.46-2.08). The variables educational level, type of medication, frequency of the intervention, and contact during the intervention moderated the effectiveness of TBIs over face-to-face interventions in neurocognition and symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS TBIs are effective for the management of neurocognition, symptomatology, functioning, social cognition, and quality of life outcomes in patients with psychosis. The results of the network meta-analysis showed the efficacy of some TBIs for neurocognition, symptomatology, and quality of life. Therefore, TBIs should be considered a complement to TAU in patients with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Morales-Pillado
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Fernández-Castilla
- Department of Methodology of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sara Barbeito
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Calvo
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Mendes L, Oliveira J, Barbosa F, Castelo-Branco M. A Conceptual View of Cognitive Intervention in Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Decline-A Systemic Review. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:844725. [PMID: 35821828 PMCID: PMC9261456 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.844725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dementia is the one of the most common and prominent disease in the elderly person that results in the Cognitive interventions. In this study, we aim to conceptualize the cognitive intervention for older adults with and without cognitive dysfunction and to clarify the heterogeneity existing in this literature field by determining the main variables implicated. Methods: We conducted a study analysis using previous literature highlighting the significant data reporting empirical results from cognitive intervention for healthy older adults and other seniors with different types of dementia. Each paper was reviewed in terms of compensatory cognitive training, cognitive remediation, enrichment, cognitive activation, brain training, cognitive stimulation, cognitive training, and cognitive rehabilitation. The research analysis was performed following rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria with the purpose of collecting relevant answers to our research questions. Results: We included a total of 168 studies in our review. Our findings indicated heterogeneity regarding methods, concepts, and procedures. Additionally, the values were integrated using different information existing in this field. Conclusion: In conclusion, we highlighted that this is the first review that clarify the discrepancy of various existing definitions, methods, and procedures, as well as the overlapping information in the cognitive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Mendes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Oliveira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Rakitzi S, Georgila P, Becker-Woitag AP. The Recovery Process for Individuals With Schizophrenia in the Context of Evidence-Based Psychotherapy and Rehabilitation. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), META Cognitive Therapy (MCT), Metacognitive Training (MCTR), Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT), of various rehabilitation programs and of recovery programs in schizophrenia. Medline/Pubmed was searched for studies published in English from January 2010 to August 2018, which were screened against inclusion criteria by two reviewers. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by two independent raters, which are the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool for quantitative studies and the fidelity criteria. The study included 41 RCTs and 12 case studies with n = 3,059 persons with schizophrenia. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) proved to be superior in terms of the improvement of primary and secondary outcomes. MCT decreased positive symptoms and improved metacognitive capacity and insight. MCTR reduced positive symptoms and socially disruptive behavior. MERIT improved metacognitive capacity and insight. Rehabilitation programs were efficacious in the improvement of cognition, symptoms, and functional outcome. The recovery programs enhanced illness-management knowledge, attitudes toward medication and insights related to negative symptoms. It is recommended to combine the above evidence based psychotherapeutic interventions. Limitations of this systematic review are discussed toward the end of the essay. Some important factors have to be considered in the future have been mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Polyxeni Georgila
- Psychiatric Department for Adults, General Hospital G. Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
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Yamada T, Miura Y, Oi M, Akatsuka N, Tanaka K, Tsukidate N, Yamamoto T, Okuno H, Nakanishi M, Taniike M, Mohri I, Laugeson EA. Examining the Treatment Efficacy of PEERS in Japan: Improving Social Skills Among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:976-997. [PMID: 31823217 PMCID: PMC7010628 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the efficacy of the Japanese version of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS), which focuses on improving social functioning through making friends and maintaining good relationships for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disabilities. Originally developed in the United States, PEERS is one of the few evidence-based social skills training programs for youth with ASD. The present study shows that with linguistic and cultural modifications, PEERS is effective in improving social functioning for adolescents with ASD in Japan. Positive results were found specifically in the areas of socialization, communication, knowledge of social skills, autistic mannerisms, and behavioral and emotional problems. In addition, most treatment gains were maintained at a 3-month follow-up assessment. These findings suggest that the Japanese version of PEERS is beneficial across multiple socio-emotional and behavioral domains for adolescents with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamada
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 13-1-D Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Yui Miura
- Ehime University, 3 Bukyo, Mastuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Manabu Oi
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 13-1-D Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Nozomi Akatsuka
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 13-1-D Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazumi Tanaka
- Hirakata Board of Education, 1-1-1 Kurumazuka, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1159, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsukidate
- Yamanashi Eiwa College, 888 Yokone, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoka Yamamoto
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okuno
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakanishi
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Elizabeth A Laugeson
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Ste.48-243B, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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Li M, Fang J, Gao Y, Wu Y, Shen L, Yusubujiang Y, Luo J. Baduanjin mind-body exercise improves logical memory in long-term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51:102046. [PMID: 32315965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurocognitive impairment is one of the core symptoms in schizophrenia and poses a great challenge to effective treatment. Sixty-one long-term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups: Baduanjin exercise and brisk walking. Patients in the Baduanjin group received 24 weeks of Baduanjin training (5 days/week, 40 min/day), while patients in the brisk walking group received 24 weeks of brisk walking (5 days/week, 40 min/day). Scores on the Wechsler Memory Scale, Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the positive and negative syndrome scale were used to evaluate the logical memory (LM), processing speed, and clinical symptoms of all participants, while the score of Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A) was applied to assess the visual attention and graphomotor speed, at baseline and the 16th week and 24th week of intervention. The one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the differences in neurocognitive changes between the two groups. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant differences between the two groups in the LM immediate (F = 6.21, p = 0.003) and LM delayed (F=5.60, p = 0.005) scores, but not in the completion times of TMT-A (F=.22, p = 0.806) or DSST scores (F=0.97, p = 0.328). A significant effect of time was also detected in the LM immediate (F=10.24, p = 0.000) and LM delayed (F=4.93, p = 0.009) scores and in the completion time of the TMT-A (F=33.10, p = 0.000), but not in the DSST scores (F=2.12, p = 0.122). Baduanjin exercise could improve logical memory in the long-term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; The Mental Rehabilitation Centers, Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Karamay, Xinjiang 830054, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- The Mental Rehabilitation Centers, Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Karamay, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Yang Gao
- The Mental Rehabilitation Centers, Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Karamay, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Yali Wu
- The Mental Rehabilitation Centers, Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Karamay, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Lili Shen
- The Mental Rehabilitation Centers, Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Karamay, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Yiming Yusubujiang
- The Mental Rehabilitation Centers, Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Karamay, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Jin Luo
- The Mental Rehabilitation Centers, Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Karamay, Xinjiang 830054, China.
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Fortuna KL, Torous J, Depp CA, Jimenez DE, Areán PA, Walker R, Ajilore O, Goldstein CM, Cosco TD, Brooks JM, Vahia IV, Bartels SJ. A Future Research Agenda for Digital Geriatric Mental Healthcare. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:1277-1285. [PMID: 31196619 PMCID: PMC7059198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of mobile, online, and remote monitoring technologies in digital geriatric mental health has the potential to lead to the next major breakthrough in mental health treatments. Unlike traditional mental health services, digital geriatric mental health has the benefit of serving a large number of older adults, and in many instances, does not rely on mental health clinics to offer real-time interventions. As technology increasingly becomes essential in the everyday lives of older adults with mental health conditions, these technologies will provide a fundamental service delivery strategy to support older adults' mental health recovery. Although ample research on digital geriatric mental health is available, fundamental gaps in the scientific literature still exist. To begin to address these gaps, we propose the following recommendations for a future research agenda: 1) additional proof-of-concept studies are needed; 2) integrating engineering principles in methodologically rigorous research may help science keep pace with technology; 3) studies are needed that identify implementation issues; 4) inclusivity of people with a lived experience of a mental health condition can offer valuable perspectives and new insights; and 5) formation of a workgroup specific for digital geriatric mental health to set standards and principles for research and practice. We propose prioritizing the advancement of digital geriatric mental health research in several areas that are of great public health significance, including 1) simultaneous and integrated treatment of physical health and mental health conditions; 2) effectiveness studies that explore diagnostics and treatment of social determinants of health such as "social isolation" and "loneliness;" and 3) tailoring the development and testing of innovative strategies to minority older adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Fortuna
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH; CDC Health Promotion Research Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.
| | - John Torous
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Colin A Depp
- Stein Institute for Research on Aging, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Daniel E Jimenez
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Miami, FL
| | - Patricia A Areán
- University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert Walker
- Office of Recovery and Empowerment, Massachusetts Department of Mental Health, Boston, MA
| | - Olu Ajilore
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Mental Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL
| | - Carly M Goldstein
- The Miriam Hospital, The Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Mental Health & Human Behavior, Providence, RI
| | - Theodore D Cosco
- Gerontology Research Center, Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica M Brooks
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, The Bronx, NY
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Kim EJ, Bahk YC, Oh H, Lee WH, Lee JS, Choi KH. Current Status of Cognitive Remediation for Psychiatric Disorders: A Review. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:461. [PMID: 30337888 PMCID: PMC6178894 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognition is an important factor that affects daily functioning and quality of life. Impairment in cognitive function is a common symptom present in various psychological disorders, which hinders patients from functioning normally. Given that cognitive impairment has devastating effects, enhancing this in patients should lead to improvements in compromised quality of life and functioning, including vocational functioning. Over the past 50 years, several attempts have been made to improve impaired cognition, and empirical evidence for cognitive remediation (CR) has accumulated that supports its efficacy for treating schizophrenia. More recently, CR has been successfully applied in the treatment of depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and anorexia nervosa. This study critically reviews recent CR studies and suggests their future direction. This study aimed to provide a modern definition of CR, and examine the current status of empirical evidence and representative CR programs that are widely used around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Chun Bahk
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonju Oh
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Hye Lee
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kee-Hong Choi
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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