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Mansourkhani Z, Tamini BK, Pishevar Mofrad MH, Karimi M. Comparison of psychological reactions, fear of negative evaluation and mood-emotional alexithymia in successful and unsuccessful people in addiction recovery: a survey of Baluchestan in Iran. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38842598 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2360734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine psychological responses, fear of negative evaluation, and mood-related alexithymia in individuals in addiction recovery who have succeeded versus those who have not. This study employed a causal-comparative design. The research focused on all individuals who sought treatment for addiction at clinics within a specific district in Zahedan city, Iran. Out of the group, 100 individuals were chosen (50 who successfully stopped their addiction and 50 who were unsuccessful in their attempts to quit) through convenience sampling. Data were gathered using the depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Lori's fear of negative evaluation scale, and Toronto's mood-emotional alexithymia scale. Data were examined through both descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance. Based on the results, successful and unsuccessful individuals in addiction recovery showed varying levels of depression, stress, fear of negative evaluation, and having no fear of negative evaluation (p < .01). In simpler terms, unsuccessful individuals in addiction recovery scored higher in depression, stress, fear of negative evaluation, inability feeling emotions, inability to express feelings compared to successful individuals. But successful individuals in addiction recovery obtained higher mean scores than unsuccessful individuals in addiction recovery on having no fear of negative evaluation. According to the findings psychological reactions, fear of negative evaluation and mood-emotional alexithymia play a significant role in addiction treatment and can be helpful in addiction recovery in unsuccessful people in addiction recovery. It is feasible to enhance the effectiveness of addiction recovery by implementing interventions that target the reduction of depression, stress, fear of negative evaluation, and alexithymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mansourkhani
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Zahedan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Bahman Kord Tamini
- Department of Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Karimi
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Zahedan, Zahedan, Iran
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Del Palacio-Gonzalez A, Thylstrup B, Rømer Thomsen K. Psychological factors predicting patients' risk of relapse after enrollment in drug use treatment: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 161:209354. [PMID: 38556252 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2024.209354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite high rates of relapse after treatment for drug use, to our knowledge there is no systematic literature identifying psychological factors that predict risk of relapse to drug use (excluding alcohol or tobacco). Our aim was to identify psychological factors that predict risk of relapse to drug use after enrollment in drug use treatment. The identification of such factors can support treatment planning and relapse prevention. METHODS We searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2023 in PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Web of Science, and PubMed. The inclusion criteria were: peer-reviewed publications, quantitative studies, in English, adult samples, with a prospective design, and analyses of minimum one psychological factor as predictor of relapse to drug use. All authors were involved in abstract and full-text screening, and in assessing risk of bias. The findings are presented in a narrative synthesis and tables are organized by type of drug. RESULTS Of 2226 publications initially identified, 45 were eligible. Twenty-three focused on predicting relapse to stimulants, 15 to opioids, and 7 to unspecified drugs. Substance use at baseline was an important factor predicting risk of relapse to opioids, and possibly stimulants. There was an indication that craving and attention problems potentially predict relapse to use of some drugs. Mental health factors (e.g., psychiatric diagnosis) did not predict relapse. Several psychological factors (e.g., cognition, emotion, personality, motivation) were scarcely examined. Over half of the studies had moderate to high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Based on the 45 studies, few psychological factors predicted risk of relapse to drug use. Higher comparability between studies and more rigorous methodology are necessary in order to derive more precise recommendations that inform and improve clinical practice. PRE-REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42020182839.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Del Palacio-Gonzalez
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 10, Building 1322. Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte Thylstrup
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 10, Building 1322. Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Kristine Rømer Thomsen
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 10, Building 1322. Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
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Gatta M, Raffagnato A, Angelico C, Benini E, Medda E, Fasolato R, Miscioscia M. Externalising Behaviours, Impulsivity, Alexithymia, and Emotional Dysregulation in Adolescents' Suicidality. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2023; 20:17-28. [PMID: 36936619 PMCID: PMC10016105 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective suicide represents the second leading cause of death among adolescents (WHO, 2021). A deeper understanding of the characteristics that lead to it is crucial to increase the ability of clinicians in evaluating, treating, and preventing it. The objective of this study is to analyze the differences in impulsivity, externalizing behaviors, emotion dysregulation, and alexithymia between two groups of adolescents, the first presenting suicidal ideation (SI), the second presenting at least one suicide attempt (SA), in an ideation-to-action framework. Method we conducted a retrospective study with 190 adolescents (M= 14.5, SD age = 1.63; SI: n = 97, SA: n = 93). All were hospitalized in the Complex Operative Child Neuropsychiatry Hospital Unit (UOC-NPI) of the Hospital-University of Padua. Data were collected using the Youth Self-Report (YSR 11-18), Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) questionnaires. Results the SA group obtained higher clinical scores in the YSR "rule-breaking behavior" and "conduct problems" scales, and in total TAS-20. Conclusions the role of externalizing problems and alexithymia could open new frontiers in the understanding of suicide. These new data could be useful for the implementation of early screening protocols and for directing clinical interventions, promoting greater emotion regulation and anger management skills among patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (A.R); (C.A.); elena. (E.B.); (E.M.); (R.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (A.R); (C.A.); elena. (E.B.); (E.M.); (R.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Caterina Angelico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (A.R); (C.A.); elena. (E.B.); (E.M.); (R.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Elena Benini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (A.R); (C.A.); elena. (E.B.); (E.M.); (R.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Erica Medda
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (A.R); (C.A.); elena. (E.B.); (E.M.); (R.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Rachele Fasolato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (A.R); (C.A.); elena. (E.B.); (E.M.); (R.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (A.R); (C.A.); elena. (E.B.); (E.M.); (R.F.); (M.M.)
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Raffagnato A, Iannattone S, Fasolato R, Parolin E, Ravaglia B, Biscalchin G, Traverso A, Zanato S, Miscioscia M, Gatta M. A Pre-Adolescent and Adolescent Clinical Sample Study about Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt, and Self-Harming. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1441-1462. [PMID: 36286085 PMCID: PMC9600697 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is the second cause of death among adolescents, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is one of the main risk factors for suicidal behavior. However, the possible variables specifically associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, as well as the psychopathological characteristics linked to the concomitant presence of suicidal ideation/attempt and NSSI are still under-investigated in youth. The current study aimed to address these issues in a sample of 174 young Italian inpatients (Mage = 14.3 years ± 1.93, 78.2% girls). Sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed through psycho-diagnostic interviews and ad hoc questionnaires. A binomial logistic regression was performed to identify the predictors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Then, Kruskal-Wallis tests were run to analyze the psychopathological differences between patients with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt considering the coexistence of NSSI. The results highlighted that previous access to child mental health services and general psychopathological problems significantly predicted suicidal ideation, while previous hospitalizations, borderline personality functioning, and affective disorders significantly predicted suicide attempt. In general, inpatients with also NSSI reported higher levels of internalizing, somatic and total problems, impulsiveness, alexithymia, and emotional dysregulation. The clinical implications of our findings in terms of primary and secondary preventive programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Raffagnato
- Department of Woman and Child’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Iannattone
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-6918
| | - Rachele Fasolato
- Department of Woman and Child’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Parolin
- Department of Woman and Child’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Benedetta Ravaglia
- Department of Woman and Child’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Gaia Biscalchin
- Department of Woman and Child’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Annalisa Traverso
- Department of Woman and Child’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Zanato
- Department of Woman and Child’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Department of Woman and Child’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Gatta
- Department of Woman and Child’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Psycho-Behavioral Profiles of Pediatric Inpatients with Past and Recent Onset of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Cluster Analysis Approach. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154602. [PMID: 35956216 PMCID: PMC9369878 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the persistence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) over time in developmental age. This study aimed to define the psycho-behavioral profiles of young inpatients according to past or recent NSSI onset (i.e., NSSI for more or less than one year, respectively), and identify possible risk factors for maintaining NSSI over time. A total of 118 Italian NSSI inpatients aged 9–17 were involved. The Youth Self-Report (YSR) was administered. K-means cluster analyses were conducted using the YSR affective disorders, social competencies, and social problems scales as clustering variables. A binomial logistic regression was run to clarify which of these variables discriminate between the past and recent NSSI onset groups. Chi-square tests were performed to pinpoint the variables associated with long-standing NSSI. The final cluster solution displayed four psycho-behavioral profiles; a greater number of inpatients with recent NSSI onset was found in the clusters characterized by scarce social competencies. Affective disorders and social competencies were significant predictors, and higher scores on both scales were more likely in the past NSSI onset group. School problems and alcohol/substance use were related to long-standing NSSI. Therefore, a lack of social skills may be involved in recent NSSI onset, while affective disorders and other problem behaviors may dictate the continuation of NSSI over time.
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Gatta M, Angelico C, Rigoni F, Raffagnato A, Miscioscia M. Alexithymia and Psychopathological Manifestations Centered on the Body: Somatization and Self-Harm. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082220. [PMID: 35456311 PMCID: PMC9026923 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate alexithymia and psychopathological manifestations centered on the body in a sample of adolescents with somatizing and/or self-harming issues to analyze the phenomenon of NSSI linked to Somatic Symptom Disorders (SSD). A sample of 184 adolescents between 12 and 19 years of age, was divided into three groups, one with NSSI (n = 49) and the second group with SSD (n = 57), comparing them with a third group of adolescents with SSD and NSSI (n = 78) to investigate their differences and similarities in psychopathological correlates and to analyze the mediation role of alexithymia and emotional dysregulation in NSSI and SSD related to internalizing problems. The battery of tests included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Youth Self-Report 11–18 (YSR). The NSSI + SSD group scored higher than the other two groups on all the YSR scales. The affective syndromes were the only clinical condition that discriminated between the three groups. On all the other syndrome scales, the NSSI + SSD group differed from the other two groups, while there were no differences between the NSSI group and the SSD group. The NSSI + SSD group revealed a more severely deficient emotional self-regulation. Difficulty identifying feelings was a trait shared by adolescents with SSD and those engaging in NSSI, a more complex overall alexithymia profile was associated with the combination of self-harming behavior and somatization. Alexithymia and emotional dysregulation played a mediating role in the relationship between internalizing problems and somatization. We did not find a mediating role in alexithymia and emotional dysregulation in the relationship between internalizing problems and self-injurious behavior. The combination of NSSI and SSD gave rise to more severe psychopathological correlates, clinical levels of alexithymia, and more severe deficient emotional self-regulation. Results of mediation role indicated a link between alexithymia, emotional dysregulation, and somatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (F.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Caterina Angelico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (F.R.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesca Rigoni
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (F.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (F.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (F.R.); (A.R.)
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (M.M.)
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Gatta M, Raffagnato A, Iannattone S, Mistrorigo C, Fasolato R, Traverso A, Zanato S, Miscioscia M. Hospitalisation in Child Neuropsychiatry: A Case Study Along a Five-Year Epidemiological-Clinical Trend. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2022; 19:72-83. [PMID: 35601249 PMCID: PMC9112988 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Italy, the number of patients admitted to child and adolescent neuropsychiatry services has almost doubled in the last 10 years. Despite this significant increase in demand, there is still a paucity of literature on mental disorders in the paediatric population. Therefore, we investigated and described the clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of a sample of young Italian inpatients with psychiatric disorders. The aim was to contribute to the jet scarce literature on this topic, while also providing useful information for the clinical-care organisation of mental health services dedicated to children and adolescents. METHOD In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from 361 hospitalised patients aged̀ 1 to 18 who had been admitted to a Child Neuropsychiatry Unit in Northern Italy, from January 2016 to December 2020. Descriptive analyses, Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Chi-square tests were applied. RESULTS During a five-year timeline, a higher admission rate for females was recorded, and the average age of inpatients was 13.4 years (SD = 3.01). Most of the admissions occurred through the Paediatric Emergency Department, and suicidal behaviour was the most frequent reason for admission. At discharge, affective disorders were the main diagnoses, which were also found to be the most frequent in patients with self-injurious behaviours. Non-suicidal self-injury, which was mainly reported as occurring in order to obtain relief from suffering, regarded 40.8% of the total sample. Almost half of the subjects reported suicidal ideation, and 21.1% attempted suicide. The mean hospitalisation length significantly decreased from 2016-2018 to 2019-2020. In general, patients with psychotic disorders had the longest stays. CONCLUSIONS Ad hoc diagnostic-therapeutic protocols should be developed for psychiatric emergencies, and health personnel should be adequately trained to manage acute psychiatric conditions in developmental age. Primary and secondary prevention programs should be implemented to promptly recognise and treat mental health issues in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gatta
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessia Raffagnato
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Iannattone
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy,Corresponding author Sara Iannattone Department of General Psychology–University of Padua Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padua (PD), Italy E-mail:
| | - Claudia Mistrorigo
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Rachele Fasolato
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Annalisa Traverso
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Zanato
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy,Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy,Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Miscioscia M, Angelico C, Raffagnato A, Gatta M. Psychopathological and Interactive-Relational Characteristics in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Adolescent Outpatients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051218. [PMID: 35268309 PMCID: PMC8911069 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is described as behaviors that directly and intentionally inflict damage to body tissue without suicidal intent and for reasons not linked to cultural expectations or norms. Literature has confirmed several “specific risk factors” related to NSSI behaviors; emotional reactivity, internalizing problems, alexithymia traits, and maladaptive family functioning can predispose an individual to intrapersonal and interpersonal vulnerabilities related to difficulties in regulating one’s own cognitive-emotional experience. The present study aims to analyze and define the psychopathological and family interactive-relational characteristics of adolescents with NSSI through a case-control study. Thirty-one patients with NSSI and thirty-one patients without NSSI paired for sex, age, and psychiatric diagnosis (ICD-10) were recruited in Padua among two Child Neuropsychiatry Units before the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show a higher prevalence of internalizing problems, alexithymia trait related to “difficulty identifying feelings”, and lower quality of family functioning related to inclusion of partners, child involvement, and child self-regulation. These results carry significant implications for the clinical management and therapeutic care of non-suicidal self-injury patients and further confirm the need for an in-depth investigation of internalizing problems, alexithymia, and quality of family interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(049)-821-1160
| | - Caterina Angelico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.); (M.G.)
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Gatta M, Raffagnato A, Mason F, Fasolato R, Traverso A, Zanato S, Miscioscia M. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of paediatric patients admitted to a neuropsychiatric care hospital in the COVID-19 era. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:23. [PMID: 35123540 PMCID: PMC8817472 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the first months of 2020, Italy and the world have been facing the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the dangerous and potentially deadly effects on physical health, it has caused a radical change in the lifestyle of the population and a potential danger for mental health too. These events were inserted into the context of a growing epidemiological trend regarding children’s psychiatric disorders in the past decade. Aim To study the population of patients admitted to a Neuropsychiatric Hospital Unit of North Italy in the first COVID-19 year, comparing them with the population of patients hospitalised during the year immediately before, according to sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methodology The study is an observational retrospective cohort. In total, 198 patients hospitalised due to neuropsychiatric problems from February 2019 to March 2021 were recruited. Data were analysed through mean and standard deviation, t-test, percentages, chi square test, and the Fischer exact test. Results Risk factors associated with mental health disorders were similar between the two years. The hospitalisation modality showed a decrease in scheduled hospitalisations compared to urgent ones, and among the reasons that led patients to hospitalisation there was a conspicuous increase in eating disorders. More suicidal and self-harming behaviours occurred in the COVID-19 group too, compared to the previous year. The methods used to attempt suicide were changed considerably, with a prevalence of that attempted within the home. Changes in pharmacological therapies also occurred, necessary for more than 80% of inpatients during the COVID year, with a greater use of neuroleptics. There were alarming data about hospitalisation relapses, which increased from 12.2% in the pre-COVID year to 35.0% in the COVID year. Conclusion Data shed light on clinical and policy issues in mental health care during the developmental age. Since the COVID-19 health emergency is not yet over, and its effects, especially on mental health, will be long-term, it is necessary to implement services and activities dedicated to both primary and secondary prevention of neuropsychiatric diseases especially during adolescent ages.
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Iannattone S, Raffagnato A, Zanato S, Traverso A, Tascini B, Del Col L, Miscioscia M, Gatta M. Children with Psychopathology and Their Parents Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case-Control Study. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2021; 18:324-333. [PMID: 35096079 PMCID: PMC8785424 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective This case-control study aimed to explore the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the mental well-being of pediatric psychiatric outpatients and their families, comparing them with children/adolescents and their parents from the general population. Method The case group consisted of 168 subjects: 56 patients (6-18 years old) with psychiatric disorders, and their 112 parents. The healthy control group included 189 subjects: 63 children and adolescents with no psychopathologies, and their 126 parents. Both groups were assessed during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy (T0) and 4 months later (T1), by administering the CBCL6-18 and DASS-21. Results Patients showed a good adaptation to the pandemic situation, while the children/adolescents in the healthy sample showed a greater variation in their general habits and a higher prevalence of stress symptoms during the lockdown. The patients’ parents likewise had fewer stress-related symptoms than caregivers in the healthy control group, both during the lockdown and 4 months later. At T0, patients’ mothers reported higher anxiety levels than mothers in the healthy group, while at T1 fathers of healthy children scored higher on the DASS-21 anxiety and stress scales than patients’ fathers. As concerns changes over time (T0-T1) in the parents’ psychological well-being, a general improvement was detected in both groups. Conclusions The pandemic and quarantine measures were confirmed as significant stressors for all children and adolescents, and negatively affected their parents’ adaptation. The findings of this study point to the need for preventive interventions to support the mental health of all parents and their children in uncertain and stressful times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Iannattone
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (A.R.); (S.Z.); (A.T.); (B.T.); (L.D.C); (M.M.); (M.G.), Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy,Corresponding author Sara Iannattone Department of General Psychology – University of Padua Via Venezia, 8 35131, Padua (PD), Italy E-mail:
| | - Alessia Raffagnato
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (A.R.); (S.Z.); (A.T.); (B.T.); (L.D.C); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Silvia Zanato
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (A.R.); (S.Z.); (A.T.); (B.T.); (L.D.C); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Annalisa Traverso
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (A.R.); (S.Z.); (A.T.); (B.T.); (L.D.C); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Benedetta Tascini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (A.R.); (S.Z.); (A.T.); (B.T.); (L.D.C); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Lara Del Col
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (A.R.); (S.Z.); (A.T.); (B.T.); (L.D.C); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (A.R.); (S.Z.); (A.T.); (B.T.); (L.D.C); (M.M.); (M.G.), Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy, Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Gatta
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (A.R.); (S.Z.); (A.T.); (B.T.); (L.D.C); (M.M.); (M.G.)
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11
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Raffagnato A, Angelico C, Fasolato R, Sale E, Gatta M, Miscioscia M. Parental Bonding and Children's Psychopathology: A Transgenerational View Point. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:1012. [PMID: 34828725 PMCID: PMC8618782 DOI: 10.3390/children8111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Literature confirmed parental bonding as one of key factors influencing offspring's psychopathology; the present study aimed to investigate, with a case-control study, the relationship between parental bonding and psychopathology in an Italian adolescent sample. The clinical sample was composed of 64 adolescents from 12 to 18 years old (Mage 15.00; S.D. 1.70) attending a Neuropsychiatric Unit of Veneto; the non-clinical sample was composed of 61 adolescents, from 13 to 18 years old (Mage 14.80; S.D. 1.32) attending middle and high school in the province of Padua and Pesaro (Italy); their parents (mothers and fathers) were also involved. In the study, self-reported tests were administered (Parental Bonding Instrument, Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self Report). Our study confirmed a correlation between parental bonding and adolescent psychopathology: dysfunctional parenting styles (characterized by low care and high control) were more frequent among cases in contrast to controls. An effect of gender also appeared. In the Italian adolescent clinical sample, parental bonding, especially low parental care, was correlated to the emergence of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Caterina Angelico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Rachele Fasolato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Eleonora Sale
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, ULSS6 Padua, 35143 Padua, Italy;
| | - Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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12
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Taurino A, Antonucci LA, Taurisano P, Laera D. Investigating defensive functioning and alexithymia in substance use disorder patients. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:337. [PMID: 34229633 PMCID: PMC8259003 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance Use Disorder (SUD) causes a great deal of personal suffering for patients. Recent evidence highlights how defenses and emotion regulation may play a crucial part in the onset and development of this disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate potential differences in the defensive functioning between SUD patients and non-clinical controls. Secondly, we aimed at investigating the relationships between alexithymia and maladaptive/assimilation defenses. METHODS The authors assessed defensive functioning (Response Evaluation Measure-71, REM-71), personality (MMPI-II), and alexithymia (TAS-20) of 171 SUD patients (17% female; mean age = 36.5), compared to 155 controls. Authors performed a series of ANOVAs to investigate the defensive array in SUD patients compared to that of non-clinical controls. Student t test for indipendent samples was used to compare clinical characteristics between the SUD group and the controls. To investigate the role of single defenses in explaining alexithimia's subscores, stepwise multiple regression analysis were carried out on socio-demographic characteristics of participants (gender, age, and years of education), with REM-71 defenses as predictors. RESULTS SUD patients presented a more maladaptive/assimilation (Factor 1) defensive array (p < .001). Among SUD sub-groups, Alcohol Use Disorder patients showed more disfuncional defenses. Factor 1 defenses were related to a worse psychological functioning. In addition, alexyhimia (particularly DIF) was strongly related to Factor 1 defenses, expecially Projection (38% of variance explained, β = .270, p < .001). CONCLUSION The REM-71 and the TAS-20 might be useful screening instruments among SUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Taurino
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Palazzo Chiaia-Napolitano, Via Scipione Crisanzio 42, 70122, Bari, Italy
| | - Linda A Antonucci
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Palazzo Chiaia-Napolitano, Via Scipione Crisanzio 42, 70122, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Taurisano
- Section of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Laera
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Palazzo Chiaia-Napolitano, Via Scipione Crisanzio 42, 70122, Bari, Italy.
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13
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Cimino S, Marzilli E, Erriu M, Carbone P, Casini E, Cerniglia L. Motor Vehicle Collisions during Adolescence: The Role of Alexithymic Traits and Defense Strategies. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11060079. [PMID: 34063788 PMCID: PMC8223781 DOI: 10.3390/bs11060079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
International literature has shown that adolescents represent the population most at risk of fatal and nonfatal motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Adolescents’ alexithymic traits and significant use of immature defense strategies have been seen to play a key role. This study aimed to investigate the possible mediation role played by defense strategies use in the relationship between alexithymia and MVCs. Our sample consisted of 297 adolescents divided into four subgroups, based on the number of visits to the emergency department due to an MVC. We assessed adolescents’ alexithymic traits and defense strategies use through self-report instruments. Results showed that males reported a higher rate of MVCs than females. Higher rates of MVCs are associated with more alexithymic traits and maladaptive defense strategies use. Adolescents’ Acting Out and Omnipotence use significantly mediated the relationship between alexithymia and MVCs. Our findings suggest the recidivism of MVCs as an attempt to cope with emotional difficulties, with important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Eleonora Marzilli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Michela Erriu
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Paola Carbone
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Elisa Casini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, 00186 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-066-920-761
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14
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The Role of Alexithymia in Social Withdrawal during Adolescence: A Case-Control Study. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8020165. [PMID: 33671559 PMCID: PMC7926933 DOI: 10.3390/children8020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although social withdrawal is becoming increasingly common among adolescents, there is still no consensus on its definition from the diagnostic and psychopathological standpoints. So far, research has focused mainly on social withdrawal as a symptom of specific diagnostic categories, such as depression, social phobia, or anxiety disorders, or in the setting of dependence or personality disorders. Few studies have dealt with social withdrawal in terms of its syndromic significance, also considering aspects of emotion control, such as alexithymia. The present case-control study aimed to further investigate the issue of social withdrawal, and try to clarify the part played by alexithymia in a sample of Italian adolescents diagnosed with psychological disorders (n = 80; Average Ageg = 15.2 years, SD = 1.49). Our patients with social withdrawal (cases) scored significantly higher than those without this type of behavior (controls) in every domain of alexithymia investigated, using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and with the scales in the Youth Self-Report (YSR) regarding internalizing problems, anxiety-depression, social problems, and total problems. Internalizing problems and total levels of alexithymia also emerged as predictors of social withdrawal. These variables may therefore precede and predispose adolescents to social withdrawal, while social problems may develop as a consequence of the latter.
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15
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Is alexithymia related to retention and relapses in patients with substance use disorders?: A one year follow-up study. Addict Behav 2021; 113:106681. [PMID: 33038681 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alexithymia is related to a higher severity of substance use disorders (SUD); however, few longitudinal studies have been performed on how alexithymia impacts treatment outcomes. This study aims to evaluate alexithymia as a factor that could influence retention and the time of the first relapse in a one-year follow-up in an outpatient treatment center for SUD. In total, 126 SUD outpatients (74.60% males; M age = 43.71, SD = 14.61 years) were evaluated at baseline with an AdHoc questionnaire for sociodemographic variables, the European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI), the Semi-structured Clinical Interview for Axis I and Axis II Disorders of the DSM-IV, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The prevalence of alexithymia was 41.3% and the mean score of TAS-20, was 57.27 (SD = 12.84). At baseline, alexithymia was related to a lower education level, cannabis use disorder, the psychological item of EuropASI, and mood spectrum disorders. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, SUD patients with alexithymia were in treatment for less time and presented earlier relapses than non-alexithymic patients. In the Cox regression, alexithymia was only associated with less time in treatment. Therefore, alexithymia may have an important role in the outcomes of SUD treatment, and hence, therapeutic approaches for SUD that cover emotional impairments associated with alexithymia should be investigated and developed.
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16
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Emotional Intelligence: Relevance and Implications for Addiction. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Porreca A, De Carli P, Filippi B, Parolin M, Simonelli A. Mothers' alexithymia in the context of parental Substance Use Disorder: Which implications for parenting behaviors? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 108:104690. [PMID: 32890853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal substance use disorder (SUD) represents a severe risk for caregiving, affecting diverse domains of parenting behaviors, such as sensitivity, structuring, intrusiveness, and hostility. Various studies highlighted that difficulties in parenting behaviors in the context of SUD are exacerbated by the co-occurrence of psychopathological symptoms. A large body of research points out the presence of high rates of alexithymia in individuals with SUD, and some studies provide evidence of an association between this psychopathological aspect and parenting. Nevertheless, no prior research has explored how alexithymic traits could affect quality of parenting behaviors in mothers with SUD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of maternal alexithymia on parenting behaviors in mothers with SUD. METHODS Sixty women in residential treatment for SUD and their children participated in the study. The participants were assessed with respect to alexithymia, quality of parenting behaviors, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Forty-three percent of the mothers reported the presence of alexithymia. These mothers presented with significantly low scores on sensitivity (β = -.25, p < .05) and structuring (β = -.32, p < .05). After controlling for depressive symptomatology, the effect of alexithymia on parenting behaviors remained only for structuring (β=.35, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS In the context of SUD, maternal alexithymia significantly impacts the quality of parenting behaviors, specifically structuring, indicating that difficulties in becoming aware of one's own feelings jeopardize the ability to scaffold interactions and set age-appropriate limits in an emotionally attuned way. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Porreca
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Pietro De Carli
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Bianca Filippi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Micol Parolin
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Simonelli
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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18
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Raffagnato A, Angelico C, Valentini P, Miscioscia M, Gatta M. Using the Body When There Are No Words for Feelings: Alexithymia and Somatization in Self-Harming Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:262. [PMID: 32322222 PMCID: PMC7158949 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present case-control study aimed to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and somatic complaints in the psychopathological setting of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). A clinical sample of 134 adolescents (115 females; 85.5%) from 12 to 18 years old engaging in NSSI was compared with a control group of 243 high-school students (157 females; 64.6%) from 13 to 18 years old. Data were collected using two questionnaires: The Youth Self-Report 11-18 and the 20 Toronto Alexithymia Scale. In both cases and controls, the presence of somatization and alexithymia was associated with more severe psychopathological problems. Analyses were conducted to explore the association between somatic disorders and alexithymia. In the clinical group, somatic complaints were reported by 95.9% of alexithymic individuals, whereas only 44.3% of alexithymic adolescents reported somatic complaints. A one-way relationship emerged between somatization and alexithymia: while alexithymia would seem to be a factor associated with self-injury, somatic disorders were strongly associated with alexithymia, but not necessarily with self-injury. Among the self-harming adolescents, those with both alexithymia and somatization had a more severe psychopathological picture than the individuals with alexithymia but no somatization. This would suggest that, in the setting of NSSI, greater difficulty with identifying feelings is associated with somatization, and alexithymia would be an attribute common to self-harming behavior and somatization, both of which are characterized by the body being used to express psychological and emotional problems. Future research could further investigate alexithymia in self-harming individuals, in relation to any presence or absence of somatic disorders, with longitudinal assessments on any differences in their manifestation of self-injury and its psychopathological correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Angelico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Perla Valentini
- Department of Communication Sciences, Humanistic and International Studies: History, Culture, Languages, Literature, Arts, Media, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Urbino, Italy
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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Orsolini L. Unable to Describe My Feelings and Emotions Without an Addiction: The Interdependency Between Alexithymia and Addictions. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:543346. [PMID: 33192657 PMCID: PMC7644516 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.543346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsolini
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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20
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Peng W, Yang H, Liu Q, Liu Z, Ling Y, Zhong M, Yi J. Measurement invariance and latent mean differences of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale across genders and across clinical and non-clinical samples. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Traits associated with treatment retention in a therapeutic community for substance dependence. THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/tc-10-2016-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The treatment of severe and chronic substance dependence is challenged by high rates of treatment attrition, highlighting the need to identify factors that hinder treatment retention. The paper aims to discuss this issue.
Design/methodology/approach
The present study examined certain neurocognitive and personality traits in relation to treatment retention in a sample of 46 residents of an Australian therapeutic community (TC). The traits examined were previously found to be associated with problematic substance use in non-clinical samples and were also previously shown to differentiate TC clients from social drinkers. The hypothesis was thus that traits that appear to be risk factors for addictions are also likely to impact on TC treatment retention.
Findings
Group comparisons of those retained for more than the recommended 90 days vs those who left treatment prematurely showed that after controlling for the influence of depression, those who left treatment prematurely reported significantly higher levels of trait impulsivity, punishment sensitivity and executive cognitive dysfunction. There was a very high rate of alexithymia in the sample (52 per cent), but alexithymia was unrelated to retention.
Research limitations/implications
The final sample size was less than planned but reflected the strict participation criteria and temporal limitations of this study. No statistical assumptions were violated and the reliability indices of the scales completed by clients ranged from acceptable to excellent. Another limitation was that dropout cannot be assumed to mean relapse, as the reasons for client dropout were not available.
Originality/value
Findings highlight the important roles of trait factors in TC treatment retention in addition to the motivational and interpersonal factors identified in previous work.
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