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Kim SY, Park YS, Joo HJ, Park EC. Association between stress types and adolescent suicides: findings from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1321925. [PMID: 39041049 PMCID: PMC11260740 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1321925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the association between types of stress and suicidal behaviors-ideation and attempts-among Korean adolescents in two distinct years: 2015 and 2020. Methods Data were acquired from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 2015 and 2020. Participants' desire for suicide was evaluated by asking questions about suicidal ideation and attempts, during the past year. Types of stress were divided into five categories: none, home, school, academic achievement, and appearance. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the association between variables of interest and dependent variables. Results Among the 77,363 adolescents included in this study, 8.8% male and 13.2% female participants had seriously thought about committing suicide, and the rate of male and female participants who tried committing suicide was 1.6% and 2.5%, respectively. While every type of stress was highly associated with suicidal ideation, family and home types of stress had the highest odds ratio (OR), that was statistically significant for both sexes (Male: OR 3.81, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 2.81 to 5.15; Female: OR 3.64, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.50). Moreover, the OR increased in order of: appearance; academic achievement; school and friends; and family and home, compared to the group that perceived no stress. Suicidal attempts were statistically significant and higher in likelihood, only amongst the female group that experienced stress from family and home (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.08 to 5.67). In comparison to year 2015, suicidal ideation and attempts decreased in year 2020, but participants experiencing stress from family and home had a higher tendency of attempting suicide, though not statistically significant, regardless of their sex (Male: OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.44; Female: OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.4). Conclusion Adolescents who experience stress from family and home, or school and friends, are more likely to think about suicide, or carry it out, as compared to those having different causes of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shin Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Joo
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Song S, Guo R, Chen X, Li C. How School Burnout Affects Depression Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents: Evidence from Individual and Peer Clique Level. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02044-0. [PMID: 38965138 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The impact of peer clique school burnout norms on adolescents' emotional adaptation is becoming increasingly prominent, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially in China where academic achievement is highly valued. The present study examined how clique burnout norms impact the relationship between school burnout, negative cognitive bias, and depressive symptoms. A total of 904 Chinese adolescents (57% boys; Mage = 12.73, SD = 0.43) participated in a two-wave longitudinal study (initiated in 2015, with approximately a 2-year interval). The results of multilevel models indicated that only in low clique burnout norms, adolescents with high school burnout at T1 would exhibit more negative cognitive bias and suffer from more depressive symptoms at T2, whereas the moderating effect was only observed in all-boys cliques. These findings reflect that a decrease in the overall level of burnout within a peer clique does not necessarily benefit every student, and the adaptation issues of students experiencing burnout still require attention even in a relatively healthy context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengcheng Song
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruonan Guo
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China
| | - Caina Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China.
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Pang Y, Li W, Song C. Longitudinal associations between self-compassion, depression, and suicidal ideation in adolescent boys and girls. Stress Health 2024:e3403. [PMID: 38625789 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate associations among self-compassion, depression, and suicidal ideation, particularly with respect to gender differences. Using a multigroup cross-lagged panel model, we conducted a longitudinal evaluation of 424 Chinese adolescents (55.85% boys; Mage = 18.02, SD = 0.73 at baseline). Our findings indicated that suicidal ideation at T1 positively predicted depression 6 months later, while negatively predicted self-compassion. However, self-compassion negatively predicted depression 6 months later, specifically in boys, but not in girls. Furthermore, self-compassion significantly mediated the relationship between suicidal ideation at T1 and depression at T2. This study helps to uncover the underlying relationships between self-compassion, depression, and suicidal ideation, and also provide a detailed insight into the differential effects of self-compassion on depression among boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Pang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- School of Economics and Management, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wanjun Li
- Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, China
| | - Chao Song
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Ghadipasha M, Talaie R, Mahmoodi Z, Karimi SE, Forouzesh M, Morsalpour M, Mahdavi SA, Mousavi SS, Ashrafiesfahani S, Kordrostami R, Dadashzadehasl N. Spatial, geographic, and demographic factors associated with adolescent and youth suicide: a systematic review study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1261621. [PMID: 38404471 PMCID: PMC10893588 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1261621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a public health issue and a main cause of mortality among adolescents and the youth worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Objectives The present research is a systematic review aiming to investigate the spatial, geographical, and demographic factors related to suicide among adolescents and the youth. Methods In this systematic review, two researchers examined PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases on December 7th, 2022 with no time limits from the beginning of publication until 2022 to identify the primary studies on spatial and geographic analysis on adolescent and youth suicides. Once duplicate studies were identified and removed, the titles and abstracts of studies were examined and irrelevant studies were also removed. Finally, 22 studies were reviewed based on the inclusion criteria. Results Our findings show that suicide rates are generally higher among men, residents of rural and less densely populated regions, coastal and mountainous regions, natives, 15-29 age group, less privileged populations with social fragmentation, unemployed, divorced or lonely people, those who live in single parent families, people with mental health issues, and those with low levels of education. Conclusions Stronger evidence supports the effects of geographic and demographic variables on youth and adolescent suicide rates as compared with spatial variables. These findings suggest that policy makers take spatial and demographic factors into consideration when health systems allocate resources for suicide prevention, and that national policymakers integrate demographic and geographic variables into health service programs. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023430994.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Ghadipasha
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Talaie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Salah Eddin Karimi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Forouzesh
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Morsalpour
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Roya Kordrostami
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
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Tintori A, Pompili M, Ciancimino G, Corsetti G, Cerbara L. The developmental process of suicidal ideation among adolescents: social and psychological impact from a nation-wide survey. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20984. [PMID: 38017031 PMCID: PMC10684516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicidal ideation is a multifactorial phenomenon that is increasingly prevalent among adolescents, especially following the impact of Covid 19 pandemic on their mental health. Its analysis necessitates an interdisciplinary approach that simultaneously considers sociological and psychological perspectives, especially looking at the role of interpersonal relationships and structural inequalities. The present study, based on a face-to-face survey conducted with a representative sample of 4288 adolescents, aims to identify the factors that most differentiate individuals with and without suicidal ideation, proposing a descriptive model of development process of this phenomenon with reference to the Italian context. We analysed variables related to socio-demographic status, relational status, social interactions, and psychological well-being using multiple correspondence analysis and logistic regression models. The results provide evidence for the existence of a direct association between negative psychological status and suicidal ideation but clarify that the psychological aspects are associated with sociodemographic characteristics and have their origins in the social sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tintori
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council of Italy, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Psychiatry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciancimino
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council of Italy, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianni Corsetti
- Italian National Institute of Statistics, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cerbara
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council of Italy, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Qaddoura N, Dardas LA, Pan W. Psychosocial determinants of adolescent suicide: A national survey. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 40:15-24. [PMID: 36064239 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a global health problem with considerable variability across countries in its prevalence and correlates. The aims of this study were to: (a) explore the prevalence and psychosocial determinants of adolescent suicidal ideation, and (b) explore the perceived stigma of suicide among adolescents. METHOD A nationally representative electronic survey was utilized to collect data from school adolescents. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for studies reporting prevalence data was used to design the survey. The study collected data on adolescents' suicidal ideation, depression, self-esteem, stigma of suicide, family functioning, educational stress, and anxiety levels. A representative sample of 647 Jordanian school adolescents was included. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation among school adolescents was 11%. Suicidal ideation was significantly higher among respondents who were boys and enrolled in public schools, had a mental health problem, a family history of suicidal attempt, a lower self-esteem, and higher depressive symptoms. The majority of school adolescents agreed with the descriptions of people who take their own lives as being "lost" (70%), "coward" (53%), "stupid" (51%), and "lonely" (49%). CONCLUSION There is no typical suicide victim, and there are no specific characteristics that can point out those who are suicidal. Suicide remains a complex phenomenon that is embedded in its sociocultural context. Collaborative efforts from Jordanian policy makers, healthcare providers, researchers, and educators are needed to develop culturally appropriate screening and prevention approaches to address suicide among adolescents. Nurses have a significant role in helping adolescents experiencing suicidal ideation and their families restore, maintain, and/or promote their mental health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheel Qaddoura
- School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | | | - Wei Pan
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, USA.
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Wilson MJ, Gwyther K, Simmons M, Swann R, Oliffe JL, Casey K, Rice SM. Exploring Teacher and Parent Perspectives on School-Based Masculinities in Relation to Mental Health Promotion. Front Psychol 2022; 13:864124. [PMID: 35769740 PMCID: PMC9235819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.864124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity for boys’ and young men’s mental health promotion to act via shifting masculine norms that are linked to poor mental health outcomes, highlights the need to improve the extent to which school-based programs can promote mental health through leveraging more positive embodiments of masculinity. To-date, the perspectives of parents and teachers on such processes are understudied. This qualitative study presents teacher and parent views regarding adolescent masculinities and avenues for school-based developmental programming for boys and young men. In this study, 16 individual qualitative interviews were undertaken with 10 parents (six females, four males), and six teachers (three females, three males), recruited from an independent all-boys’ grammar school in Melbourne, Australia. Thematic analysis of parents’ and teachers’ perspectives indicated their perception of the role of context-dependent “public” and “private” masculinities, the influence of Australian masculinity norms, and the role of private boys’ school cultures in the development of adolescent masculinities. Additionally, strategies for development encompassed participants’ appetite for boys’ exposure to positive role models, in addition to consistent and relevant developmental programming to support positive masculinity development. Findings have implications for efforts to support prosocial masculine identity development via school-based initiatives, as an avenue to promoting mental health of boys and young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Wilson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Gwyther
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Magenta Simmons
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ray Swann
- Crowther Centre, Brighton Grammar School, Brighton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John L. Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Casey
- Crowther Centre, Brighton Grammar School, Brighton, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon M. Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Simon M. Rice,
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Grigienė D, Skruibis P, Dadašev S, Rimkevičienė J, Gailienė D. Gender Self-Confidence as a Protective Factor for Suicide Risk: Analysis of the Sample of Lithuanian Men. Front Psychol 2022; 13:863688. [PMID: 35677116 PMCID: PMC9170287 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.863688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Along with other suicide risk factors, masculinity has been analyzed as an important subject for suicidal behavior in men. This study examines masculinity as a gender self-confidence which is the intensity of an individual's belief that he meets his standards for masculinity. We use Hoffman and her colleague's concept, which provides two theoretical constructs as elements of gender self-confidence: gender self-definition and gender self-acceptance. Gender self-definition relates to how salient masculinity is in one's identity; gender self-acceptance relates to how positively one views his masculinity. Methods The quantitative research approach was applied in the study. The survey with a nonprobability quota sampling design was implemented to collect the data. The sample consisted of 562 Lithuanian men from various age groups and regions. The age of participants varied from 18 to 92 years (M = 42.99, SD = 17.18); 40.9% of men were from cities, 28.1% from towns, and 30.8% from rural locations. We used the Hoffman Gender Scale to measure gender self-definition and gender self-acceptance. Suicide risk was estimated with the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire—Revised. Patient Health Questionnaire-2 was used to measure depression symptoms as a controlled variable. Statistical analysis of regression and moderation was used to test the hypothesis. Results Higher gender self-definition and higher gender self-acceptance were associated with lower suicide risk. The moderation analysis showed that in men with relatively low gender self-definition, the effect of gender self-acceptance on suicidality was larger than in men with high or moderate gender self-definition. Discussion We conclude that a stronger gender self-confidence is an important protective factor in male suicide risk. Both, a smaller part of masculinity in one's identity and a negative view of one's masculinity have a cumulative effect on increased suicide risk. The findings have been discussed in accordance with the theories that explain suicidal behavior through the lenses of self-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovile Grigienė
- Centre for Suicidology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Skruibis
- Centre for Suicidology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Said Dadašev
- Centre for Suicidology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Rimkevičienė
- Centre for Suicidology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Danute Gailienė
- Centre for Suicidology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Lee MS, Jhone JH, Kim JB, Kweon YS, Hong HJ. Characteristics of Korean Children and Adolescents Who Die by Suicide Based on Teachers' Reports. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116812. [PMID: 35682396 PMCID: PMC9180601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the clinical characteristics and suicide-related factors of students who died by suicide in Korea in 2016–2020, based on teachers’ reports. Using data on total suicide deaths (N = 654, mean age = 16.0, 52.6% boys) collected by the Ministry of Education of Korea, we investigated the demographic and clinical characteristics and suicide-related factors of suicide deaths in students aged 9–18 years. Considering gender, more boys (52.6%, N = 344) died by suicide than girls (47.4%, N = 310). About 425 (65.0%) of the suicides were among high school students. The most common suicide method was jumping from a high place (70.6%, N = 454), followed by hanging (25.7%, N = 165). Additionally, 9.4% (N = 48) of the students who died by suicide had a history of attempted suicide, 13.4% (N = 73) had attempted self-harm, and 12.8% (N = 48) were acquainted with someone who had died by suicide. Teachers observed 20.6% (N = 120) of the suicide warning signs at school. Girls tended to have higher rates of attempted suicide, emotional problems, and psychiatric disorders than boys. This study was conducted with the largest sample of Korean suicide students observed at school. Effective suicide-related mental health training for teachers could contribute to suicide prevention in students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Jin Ho Jhone
- Department of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea;
| | - Joon Beom Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Social Welfare Policy, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Yong-Sil Kweon
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Hyun Ju Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-380-3750
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Hanafin J, Sunday S, Clancy L. Friends and family matter Most: a trend analysis of increasing e-cigarette use among Irish teenagers and socio-demographic, personal, peer and familial associations. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1988. [PMID: 34732172 PMCID: PMC8567623 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cigarette ever-use and current-use among teenagers has increased worldwide, including in Ireland. METHODS We use data from two Irish waves (2015, 2019) of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) to investigate gender and teenage e-cigarette use (n = 3421 16-year-olds). Using chi-square analyses, we report changes in e-cigarette ever-use, current-use, and associated variables. Using multivariable logistic regression, we analyse the increase in e-cigarette use and socio-demographic, personal, peer and familial associations, focusing on gender differences. RESULTS E-cigarette ever-use increased from 23% in 2015 to 37% in 2019, and current-use from 10 to 18%. Compared with 2015, the odds in 2019, of becoming both an e-cigarette ever-user and current-user, were significantly higher for girls than boys (ever-use: AOR 2.67 vs 2.04; current-use: AOR 3.11 vs 1.96). Smoking and e-cigarette use are linked but never-smokers who try e-cigarettes rose significantly from 33 to 67% and those using e-cigarettes to quit smoking decreased significantly from 17 to 3%. Almost two-thirds of respondents (66%) in 2019 said that their reason for trying e-cigarettes was "out of curiosity". Peer smoking is significantly associated with likelihood of e-cigarette ever-use (AOR 6.52) and current-use (AOR 5.45). If "Most/All friends smoke", odds were significantly higher for boys than for girls (ever-use AOR 7.07 vs 6.23; current-use AOR 5.90 vs 5.31). Less parental monitoring is significantly associated with greater e-cigarette ever-use (AOR 3.96) and current-use (4.48), and having parents who usually don't know where their child is on Saturday nights was also associated with significantly higher odds for boys than for girls (ever-use AOR 5.42 vs 3.33; current-use AOR 5.50 vs 3.50). CONCLUSION Respondents had significantly higher odds of being e-cigarette ever- and current-users in 2019 compared with 2015. Use is higher among boys but girls are increasingly at risk. Two-thirds had never smoked cigarettes at first e-cigarette use; two-thirds used out of curiosity but few (3%) for smoking cessation. The most prominent risk factors for e-cigarette use were peer- and parent-related, especially so for boys. Interventions that take account of friend and family influences may provide mechanisms for preventing an increasing risk of nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Hanafin
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland (TFRI), FOCAS Institute, TU Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Salome Sunday
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland (TFRI), FOCAS Institute, TU Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke Clancy
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland (TFRI), FOCAS Institute, TU Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Guo JW, Keeshin BR, Conway M, Chapman WW, Sward KA. A Scoping Review and Content Analysis of Common Depressive Symptoms of Young People. J Sch Nurs 2021; 38:74-83. [PMID: 33944636 DOI: 10.1177/10598405211012680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
School nurses are the most accessible health care providers for many young people including adolescents and young adults. Early identification of depression results in improved outcomes, but little information is available comprehensively describing depressive symptoms specific to this population. The aim of this study was to develop a taxonomy of depressive symptoms that were manifested and described by young people based on a scoping review and content analysis. Twenty-five journal articles that included narrative descriptions of depressive symptoms in young people were included. A total of 60 depressive symptoms were identified and categorized into five dimensions: behavioral (n = 8), cognitive (n = 14), emotional (n = 15), interpersonal (n = 13), and somatic (n = 10). This comprehensive depression symptom taxonomy can help school nurses to identify young people who may experience depression and will support future research to better screen for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Guo
- College of Nursing, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brooks R Keeshin
- Department of Pediatrics, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mike Conway
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wendy W Chapman
- The Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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A comprehensive description of GluN2B-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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