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Weinberg D, Stevens GWJM, Peeters M, Visser K, Frankenhuis W, Finkenauer C. The role of social cognitions in the social gradient in adolescent mental health: A longitudinal mediation model. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:953-966. [PMID: 36847266 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The social gradient in adolescent mental health is well established: adolescents' socioeconomic status is negatively associated with their mental health. However, despite changes in social cognition during adolescence, little is known about whether social cognitions mediate this gradient. Therefore, this study tested this proposed mediational path using three data waves, each 6 months apart, from a socioeconomically diverse sample of 1,429 adolescents (Mage = 17.9) in the Netherlands. Longitudinal modeling examined whether three social cognitions (self-esteem, sense of control, and optimism) mediated associations between perceived family wealth and four indicators of adolescent mental health problems (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems). There was evidence of a social gradient: adolescents with lower perceived family wealth reported more concurrent emotional symptoms and peer problems and an increase in peer problems 6 months later. Results also showed evidence of mediation through social cognitions, specifically sense of control: adolescents with lower perceived family wealth reported a decrease in sense of control (though not self-esteem nor optimism) 6 months later, and lower sense of control predicted increases in emotional symptoms and hyperactivity 6 months later. We found concurrent positive associations between perceived family wealth and all three social cognitions, and concurrent negative associations between social cognitions and mental health problems. The findings indicate that social cognitions, especially sense of control, may be an overlooked mediator of the social gradient in adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke W J M Stevens
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margot Peeters
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Visser
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Frankenhuis
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Quan X, Lei H, Zhu C, Wang Y, Lu F, Zhang C. Family Income and Child Depression: The Chain Mediating Effect of Parental Involvement, Children's Self-Esteem, and Group Differences. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:478. [PMID: 38671695 PMCID: PMC11048797 DOI: 10.3390/children11040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Family income is an important factor that affects depression in children and can indirectly be associated with children's development through family and individual factors. However, few studies have examined the mechanism of multiple risk factors. Therefore, this study focused on the relationship between family income and child depression, as well as the chain mediating the roles of parental involvement and children's self-esteem both in single-parent families and intact families. A total of 1355 primary school students completed questionnaires that assessed family income, parental involvement, children's self-esteem, and depression. The results showed that family income influenced child depression through both the mediating roles of parental involvement and children's self-esteem and the chain mediating role of parental involvement and children's self-esteem. Meanwhile, family income only influenced child depression through chain mediation in single-parent families. The group differences in the mechanism of depression provide a reference for empirical research on depression intervention in children from different family structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Quan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hanning Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chengwei Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Furong Lu
- School of Education Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Zhang P, Huang N, Yang F, Yan W, Zhang B, Liu X, Peng K, Guo J. Determinants of depressive symptoms at individual, school and province levels: a national survey of 398,520 Chinese children and adolescents. Public Health 2024; 229:33-41. [PMID: 38394705 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to describe the national distribution of depressive symptoms in Chinese children and adolescents, to examine the determinants of depressive symptoms at individual, school and province levels and to assess the gender and age differences in the effect of school factors on depressive symptoms. STUDY DESIGN This was a national cross-sectional study. METHODS A school-based online survey was conducted in mainland China from between December 1, 2021, and January 1, 2022. A total of 398,520 eligible participants were included in the analysis. School-level data were drawn from students, headteachers and Baidu Maps, and province-level data were obtained from the national human development report. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 was used to measure depressive symptoms. RESULTS Areas with the highest mean scores for depressive symptoms were in the northeastern, inner central and southwestern regions of China. At the individual level, younger age, male sex, being an only child, Han ethnicity, lower body mass index, more days of exercise, less drinking and smoking behaviours, higher subjective family socio-economic status (SES) and popularity in school were related to fewer depressive symptoms; however, objective family SES and maternal education were not related to fewer depressive symptoms. The school-level variables of public status, psychological activities and psychological courses and province-level variable of higher Human Development Index were associated with fewer depressive symptoms. The effect of psychological courses and activities on depressive symptoms was greater in females. CONCLUSIONS The results showed multilevel factors related to depressive symptoms and emphasised the importance of implementing school-based psychological activities to ameliorate depressive symptoms in Chinese children and adolescents across age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - N Huang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - F Yang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - W Yan
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - X Liu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - K Peng
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Liu X, Wang Z, Zhang C, Xu J, Shen Z, Peng L, Mi Y, Xu H. Psychological Capital and Its Factors as Mediators Between Interpersonal Sensitivity and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Undergraduates. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:429-441. [PMID: 38348156 PMCID: PMC10860822 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s452993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Current interpersonal sensitivity among college students is easily linked to mood disorders such as anxiety, depression and other mood disorders. This study aims to examine the mediating role of psychological capital and its dimensions in the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and depressive symptoms among undergraduates. Methods The cross-sectional survey was conducted by using cluster stratified random sampling method across six Chinese universities between November and December 2022. The questionnaire consists of the Interpersonal Sensitivity sub-scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire and the Socio-Demographic Feature Questionnaire. Results A total of 2580 respondents participated in the survey, with the majority being females (69.73%) and an average age of 19.22±1.28 years. Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed using SPSS v24.0, while direct and indirect effects were analyzed using PROCESS v3.4 macro. The findings revealed that interpersonal sensitivity had a significant direct effect on depression symptoms among undergraduates (β =0.416, 95% Boot CI [0.380, 0.453], p < 0.001) Additionally, psychological capital and its components were found to be negatively correlated with depression (p < 0.001). Further analysis demonstrated that hope, optimism, and resilience significantly mediated the association between interpersonal sensitivity and depressive symptoms (indirect effect: hope = 0.056, optimism = 0.074, resilience = 0.099; p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion These results suggest that psychological capital, including its dimensions of hope, optimism, and resilience plays a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of interpersonal sensitivity on depressive symptoms among undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Zhang
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziheng Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Peng
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Mi
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xu
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
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Edet B, Essien E, Eleazu F, Abang R, Ochijele E, Daniel F. The Relative Role of Family Affluence and Social Support on Depression and Self-Esteem among Adolescents in Nigeria: a Cross-Sectional Study. Acta Med Acad 2023; 52:201-211. [PMID: 38407087 PMCID: PMC10945323 DOI: 10.5644/ama2006-124.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the relative importance of social support and family affluence in depression and self-esteem among adolescents in Calabar, Nigeria. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescent students in Calabar, Nigeria. Using stratified random sampling, 332 students were selected for participation. The Family Affluence Scale (FAS), Oslo Social Support Scale (OSS), Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory (RSES) were administered. To facilitate comparisons, the sample was divided into four groups: those with low OSS and low FAS scores, those with low OSS and high FAS scores, those with high OSS and low FAS scores, and those with high scores in both OSS and FAS. Groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of depression and self-esteem. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 21. RESULTS Respondents with low levels of social support, irrespective of family affluence, had significantly higher depression scores and significantly lower self-esteem scores (P< 0.05). In linear regression analyses, social support (95%CI [-1.35,-0.58]) and female gender (95%CI [1.49,5.29]) emerged as predictors of depression, while social support (95%CI [0.25,0.64]) and age (95%CI [-0.79,-0.11]) emerged as predictors of self-esteem. Affluence did not predict depression or self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Social support is of greater relative importance in depression and self-esteem in our study. In developing nations with lean resources, enhanced social support might buffer against the effect of low socio-economic status on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassey Edet
- Department of Clinical Services, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Franklin Eleazu
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust (CNTW), United Kingdom
| | - Roger Abang
- Department of Clinical Services, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Faithful Daniel
- Clinical and Community Research Division, First On-Call Initiative Portharcourt, Nigeria
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Zhang S, Ding F, Sun Y, Jing Z, Li N. Negative Life Events on Depression of Vocational Undergraduates in the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Approach Perspective: A Mediated Moderation Model. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:895. [PMID: 37998642 PMCID: PMC10669152 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following China's strategy of developing applied and compound social talents, vocational undergraduates are surging rapidly, and it is essential to understand the causes of their depression to effectively prevent and intervene in schools. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between negative life events (NLEs) and depression among vocational undergraduates in China, along with the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating role of socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS A convenience sample survey was conducted at a vocational education university (N = 1487), and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. RESULTS Findings showed that NLEs directly predicted depression (β = 0.399, 95% CI [0.339, 0.452], p < 0.001) among vocational undergraduates. Furthermore, this relationship was partially mediated by loneliness (β = 0.182, 95% CI [0.145, 221], p < 0.001); SES moderated the link between NLEs and depression (β = 0.051, 95% CI [0.004, 092], p < 0.05), but not between NLEs and loneliness (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The current study highlights the impact of NLEs on depression among vocational undergraduates, indicating the importance of addressing NLEs and consequent feelings of loneliness to promote mental health. In addition, the moderating role of SES underscores the necessity of targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of NLEs on depression. The present study contributes to our understanding of the unique characteristics of depression in vocational undergraduates and has practical implications for psychological support services. Moreover, it probably has broader implications for addressing mental health challenges in global education settings for vocational undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Zhang
- Cognitive Development Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Institute of Teacher Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.J.); (N.L.)
| | - Fengqin Ding
- Cognitive Development Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Institute of Teacher Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.J.); (N.L.)
| | - Yishu Sun
- Cognitive Development Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Institute of Teacher Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.J.); (N.L.)
| | - Zhi Jing
- Cognitive Development Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Institute of Teacher Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.J.); (N.L.)
- Mental Health Counseling Center, Erdos College of Applied Technology, Ordos 010020, China
| | - Ning Li
- Cognitive Development Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Institute of Teacher Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.J.); (N.L.)
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Ningxia Provincial Mental Health Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Ningan Mental Health Hospital, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Gautam N, Dessie G, Rahman MM, Khanam R. Socioeconomic status and health behavior in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1228632. [PMID: 37915814 PMCID: PMC10616829 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1228632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status affects individuals' health behaviors and contributes to a complex relationship between health and development. Due to this complexity, the relationship between SES and health behaviors is not yet fully understood. This literature review, therefore, aims to assess the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors in childhood and adolescence. Preferred Reporting for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol guidelines were used to conduct a systematic literature review. The electronic online databases EBSCO Host, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct were utilized to systematically search published articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appeal tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Eligibility criteria such as study context, study participants, study setting, outcome measures, and key findings were used to identify relevant literature that measured the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors. Out of 2,391 studies, only 46 met the final eligibility criteria and were assessed in this study. Our review found that children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status face an elevated risk of unhealthy behaviors (e.g., early initiation of smoking, high-energy-dense food, low physical activity, and involvement in drug abuse), in contrast to their counterparts. Conversely, children and adolescents from higher socioeconomic backgrounds exhibit a higher prevalence of health-promoting behaviors, such as increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, dairy products, regular breakfast, adherence to a nutritious diet, and engagement in an active lifestyle. The findings of this study underscore the necessity of implementing specific intervention measures aimed at providing assistance to families from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds to mitigate the substantial disparities in health behavior outcomes in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Gautam
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Getenet Dessie
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Dementyev F, Fish B, Sakyi Opoku NY, Tesfaye L, Chan J, Ortiz L, Montgomery SB, Walker EJ, Wilson SM. Middle school cycling program is associated with improved mental health and wellbeing in adolescents during COVID-19. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1255514. [PMID: 37901388 PMCID: PMC10600462 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1255514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health issues among adolescents. Exercise is well-regarded for boosting mental health. Riding for Focus (R4F) is a 6-8 week cycling education program designed to equip middle school adolescents with basic cycling skills and introduce students to lifetime physical activity. A secondary goal of the R4F program is to improve adolescent mental health and psychosocial well-being. This study aimed to quantify the change in adolescent psychosocial well-being associated with the R4F program during the COVID-19 pandemic. Program evaluation also examined associations between participating in the R4F and mental health outcomes in the context of established risk factors, including gender, race, socioeconomic status, involvement in IEP programs, participation in after-school clubs, screen time, hours of sleep, and physical activity levels. Methods Anonymous surveys were collected before and after the program in 20 schools in North America, with psychosocial well-being quantified using WHO-5 and PSC-17-Y. 1,148 middle school students, aged 11-14, completed pre intervention surveys. 815 students also completed post intervention surveys. Results There was a general increase in psychosocial well-being after the R4F program and positive psychosocial well-being changes in students that identified as female, non-white, physically active, part of an IEP program, meeting screentime recommendations, and engaged in school programs, though effect sizes were small. Despite mental health improvements among underrepresented groups, relative risk assessments still indicated that males, white students, those from high socioeconomic status families still had reduced relative risk of developing psychosocial disorders post intervention. Discussion These analyses illustrate the feasibility of cycling as a viable PE elective and the need for further, more robust studies to better assess the positive impacts of the R4F scholastic cycling program on the psychological health and well-being of middle school age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fletcher Dementyev
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Brian Fish
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Nana Yaa Sakyi Opoku
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Lydia Tesfaye
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jason Chan
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Larry Ortiz
- Department of Social Work and Social Ecology, Loma Linda University School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Susanne B. Montgomery
- Department of Social Work and Social Ecology, Loma Linda University School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Behavioral Health Institute, Loma Linda University School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | | | - Sean M. Wilson
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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Mai Q, Xu S, Hu J, Sun X, Chen G, Ma Z, Song Y, Wang C. The association between socioeconomic status and health-related quality of life among young and middle-aged maintenance hemodialysis patients: multiple mediation modeling. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1234553. [PMID: 37795510 PMCID: PMC10546310 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1234553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), illness perception, social functioning, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of young and middle-aged maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and the internal mechanism of action. Design A multicenter cross-sectional study. Methods An aggregate of 332 young and middle-aged MHD patients were enrolled from hemodialysis centers in four general hospitals in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, from June to December 2022. The questionnaires used included one for general demographic data, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), Social Dysfunction Screening Scale (SDSS), and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Results Both SES and HRQoL were negatively correlated with illness perception and social functioning, respectively. SES was positively correlated with HRQoL. Illness perception was positively correlated with social functioning. The indirect effects of illness perception and social functioning on the relationship between SES and HRQoL were 0.33 and 0.31, making up 41.06% and 38.91% of the sum. The chain indirect effect of illness perception and social functioning was 0.10, making up 12.59% of the total effect, while gender did not play a moderating role. Conclusion Illness perception and social functioning may independently and accumulatively mediate the association between SES and HRQoL. Nurses should consider developing individual intervention program for young and middle-aged MHD patients with low SES, focusing on establishing targeted counseling and health education strategies corresponding to illness perception and social functioning to help patients improve their HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Mai
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gangyi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Song
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Madigan A, Daly M. Socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms and suicidality: The role of subjective social status. J Affect Disord 2023; 326:36-43. [PMID: 36709827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) confers access to material resources and social standing and is an established risk factor of both depressive symptoms and suicidality. Subjective social status (SSS) assesses how people perceive their position within the social hierarchy and has been proposed to impact mental health. This study examined the relationship between SES and depressive symptoms and suicidality and tested whether SSS mediated these associations. METHODS This study drew on publicly available survey data from the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Participants were surveyed at baseline in 2008 (N = 4948; aged 28.8 years) and at followed up in 2016-2018 (N = 3509; aged 37.8 years). SES was gauged using personal and household income, assets, education, and job prestige. SSS was assessed using the MacArthur Scale. Depressive symptoms were assessed using four-items from the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Scale of Depression (CESD) and participants reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the past year. RESULTS Both low SES and SSS were associated with elevated levels of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. SSS explained 27 % of the association between SES and depressive symptoms, 51 % of the relationship between SES and suicidal ideation, and 37 % of the link between SES and suicide attempts on average. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to understanding the long-term effects of SSS and suggest that perceptions of status may be a key mechanism through which low SES forecasts the development of depressive symptoms and suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Madigan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Michael Daly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Relative deprivation, depression and quality of life among adults in Shandong Province, China: A conditional process analysis based on social support. J Affect Disord 2022; 312:136-143. [PMID: 35750092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relative deprivation has been confirmed as one of the pathways underlying the link between income inequality and health. However, the mechanism between relative deprivation and health was still unclear. This study aimed to test the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of social support in the association between relative deprivation and quality of life. METHODS Data were collected from the 2020 Household Health Interview Survey in Taian City, Shandong province. In total, 8496 adults were included to complete the measures of relative deprivation, depressive symptoms, perceived social support, and quality of life. RESULTS Relative deprivation was negatively associated with quality of life, and depressive symptoms could mediate this association. Furthermore, the direct effect of relative deprivation on quality of life and the indirect effect of depressive symptoms in this relationship were moderated by perceived social support. Both these two effects were stronger for individuals with a low level of perceived social support. LIMITATIONS Data are cross-sectional, and causal conclusions cannot be drawn. All measures were based on participant self-report. CONCLUSIONS Personal relative deprivation has negative effects on quality of life. Social support moderated the direct effect of relative deprivation and the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on quality of life. For individuals with a high level of relative deprivation, particularly those with a low level of social support, interventions tailoring psychological services and community-based activities could be designed to reduce relative deprivation and promote social support for disadvantaged individuals.
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Zou R, Hong X, Wei G, Xu X, Yuan J. Differential Effects of Optimism and Pessimism on Adolescents' Subjective Well-Being: Mediating Roles of Reappraisal and Acceptance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127067. [PMID: 35742324 PMCID: PMC9222311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has found the differential strength of optimism and pessimism in predicting physical health. However, whether similar findings would be obtained in predicting subjective well-being and the possible underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study examined the relative strength of optimism and pessimism in predicting adolescent life satisfaction and depression, and further explored the possible mediating mechanisms from the perspective of emotion regulation. A sample of 2672 adolescents (Mage = 13.54 years, SD = 1.04; 55.60% boys) completed a survey assessing optimism and pessimism, the habitual use of reappraisal and acceptance strategies, life satisfaction, and depression. The results from dominance analysis revealed that the presence of optimism was more powerful than the absence of pessimism in predicting adolescent life satisfaction, while the absence of pessimism was more powerful than the presence of optimism in predicting adolescent depression. Moreover, mediation models showed that reappraisal and acceptance mediated both the link between optimism and life satisfaction and the link between pessimism and depression. These findings suggest possible avenues for intervening in different aspects of adolescent subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, Department of Psychology, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China; (R.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaobin Hong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, Department of Psychology, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China; (R.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Gaoxia Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, Department of Psychology, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China; (R.Z.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (X.X.); or (J.Y.)
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
- Correspondence: (X.X.); or (J.Y.)
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Schoon I, Henseke G. Social Inequalities in Young People's Mental Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Do Psychosocial Resource Factors Matter? Front Public Health 2022; 10:820270. [PMID: 35359768 PMCID: PMC8964111 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.820270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected young people aged 16–25 years and has brought about a major increase in mental health problems. Although there is persisting evidence regarding SES differences in mental health status, there is still little knowledge of the processes linking SES to young people's mental health, in particular during the current pandemic. Guided by a stress process model this study examines the role of different psychosocial resource factors in mitigating the vulnerability to mental distress among disadvantaged young people and specifies a range of possible mediating pathways. The research draws on a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 16–25 year-olds who participated in the Youth Economic Activity and Health (YEAH) online survey conducted in the UK between February and October 2021. Mental health was measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist for anxiety and depression. Socio-economic disadvantage was indicated by parental education and receipt of free school meals. Experience of stress was indicated by financial strain. Psychosocial resource factors included indicators of optimism, self-efficacy, and social support. We controlled for age, gender, living arrangements, and economic activity of the young person (being in education, employment or NEET). The findings suggest sequential mediating processes where SES influences are partially mediated via financial strain and the psychosocial resource factors. In addition, the psychosocial resource factors showed independent effects supporting mental health in the face of socio-economic adversity. Moreover, social support played a significant role in boosting self-efficacy and optimism, which in turn reduce mental distress. The findings highlighting the importance of specifying the assumed mediating processes, and to consider multiple resource factors instead of single aspects to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the processes linking SES to young people's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Schoon
- Social Research Institute, Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ingrid Schoon
| | - Golo Henseke
- Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Yuan J, Zou R. Implicit and explicit emotion regulation in adolescents with dispositional optimism. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2021.9050022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Uribe FAR, de Oliveira SB, Junior AG, da Silva Pedroso J. Association between the dispositional optimism and depression in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2021; 34:37. [PMID: 34842988 PMCID: PMC8630239 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-021-00202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of publications that reported the association between dispositional optimism and depression during youth, analyzing if the strength of this relationship varied according to potential factors. Systematic searches were carried out in APA PsycNet, Virtual Health Library, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed Central, and Scopus to collect English, Portuguese, or Spanish studies from 2009 onwards. Two reviewers selected the eligible articles, assessed the quality of each study, and extracted the data. For the synthesis of the results, a meta-analytic approach was used. We identified 4077 publications in the initial searches and 22 in the supplementary searches, from which 31 studies remained for analysis once the eligibility criteria were applied. The results showed a statistically significant negative association between dispositional optimism and depression in the young population, age being a factor that modifies the effect measure between these variables. This meta-analysis provides a consistent and robust synthesis on the interaction effect between dispositional optimism and depression in the young population. Based on these findings, early clinical admissions may effectively improve optimistic tendencies in young people, which could help them prevent depressive symptoms or episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alexis Rincón Uribe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01-Guamá, Belém, Pará 66075-110 Brazil
| | | | - Amauri Gouveia Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Janari da Silva Pedroso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Ostracism, Psychological Capital, Perceived Social Support and Depression among Economically Disadvantaged Youths: A Moderated Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111282. [PMID: 34769798 PMCID: PMC8582752 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mental health promotion of economically disadvantaged youths is a popular issue in current China. Economically disadvantaged youths are at greater risk of depression. Ostracism may be an important predictor of depression for them. However, no consensus has been reached on the underlying mechanism between ostracism and depression. A total of 1207 economically disadvantaged youths were recruited from six universities in China. These youths were asked to complete questionnaires measuring depression, ostracism, psychological capital, and perceived social support. A moderated mediation model was examined by using IBM SPSS STATISTICS 27macro program PROCESS version 3.5, in which psychological capital was a mediating variable, and perceived social support was a moderating variable. Lack of causal inferences and self-report bias due to the cross-sectional and self-report survey need to be considered when interpreting results. The results revealed that ostracism was positively associated with depression among economically disadvantaged youths. Psychological capital partially mediated the association. Perceived social support moderated the indirect association between ostracism and depression via psychological capital among economically disadvantaged females. Training and intentional practice of psychological capital could be the core to develop the depression interventions targeting economically disadvantaged youths with experience of ostracism. Gender and perceived social support need to be considered in developing the interventions.
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