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Esbin M, Blackmon L. Diversity under the microscope: Lessons for building belonging in interdisciplinary spaces from the Women in Imaging + Industry bootcamp. J Microsc 2024; 295:6-13. [PMID: 37116898 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
As scientific projects and labs benefit from increasingly interdisciplinary expertise, students and trainees find themselves navigating a myriad of academic spaces, each with its own workplace culture and demographics. A clear example is the interdisciplinary field of optics and biological microscopy which bridges biology, physics and engineering. While Biology PhDs are now >50% women, men in physics and engineering fields still significantly outnumber women, resulting in an imbalance of gender representation among microscopists and other 'tool innovators' in the interdisciplinary field of biological microscopy and biomedical optics. In addition to the cultural and cognitive whiplash that results from disparate representation between fields such as Biology, Engineering, and Physics, indifference from institutional leaders to implement equity-focused initiatives further contributes to cultures of exclusion, rather than belonging, for women. Here we elaborate on the motivation, structure, and outcomes of building a specific affinity-based bootcamp as an intervention to create an inclusive, welcoming learning environment for women in optics. Considering the presence of nonbinary, trans and other gender minoritised scientists, we recognise that women are not the only gender group underrepresented in biological microscopy and biomedical optics; still, we focus our attention on women in this specific intervention to improve gender parity in biological microscopy and biomedical optics. We hope that these strategies exemplify concrete paths forward for increasing belonging in interdisciplinary fields, a key step towards improving and diversifying graduate education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Esbin
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Lena Blackmon
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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2
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King AL, Bell-Huff C, Airhihenbuwa C, Ogletree S, Wright C. The EMPOWER program: a history and guide for increasing diversity using integrated research and education. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2024; 48:395-406. [PMID: 38385193 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00123.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and pervasive nature of emerging chemicals of concern have created widespread environmental injustice apprehensions in vulnerable communities. To alleviate and address these concerns, identifying, engaging, and training a diverse environmental health research workforce will be critical and necessary steps to combat and prevent the consequences of environmental injustice. While there is an obvious need to enhance diversity in environmental health research, this process is hampered by facets of systemic racism that reduce access to educational resources needed to build interest and knowledge in students and teachers. We present here a historical perspective to offer a guide for building programs and relationships with underserved schools to help overcome limiting factors that have plagued certain public school systems. With the proper training and mentorship, the untapped workforce present within these schools will be empowered to understand and address current and emerging environmental health and safety threats. Through this transformative 8-week high school research program, we will develop well-prepared, ethical researchers committed to scientific inquiry, intensive fieldwork, and collaborative problem solving to address environmental health challenges. Following the four-step risk assessment process, students, teachers, and faculty mentors will work collaboratively to identify toxicants, potential hazards and risks, and environmental disparities in urban neighborhoods, which provides the necessary training to formulate critical thinking skills for use in academic or nonacademic careers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The Engaging Multidisciplinary Professional Opportunities for Women in Environmental Research (EMPOWER) program is a one-of-a-kind research summer experience for minority female high school students in the state of Georgia. In addition, this program provides high school teachers with hands-on experiences that can be adapted to use in the classrooms. This combination of lab and field research immerses participants in understanding urban environmental exposures and their health effects. The EMPOWER program was established to meet the critical need for increasing diversity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Lester King
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Cristi Bell-Huff
- Chemical Insights Research, UL Research Institutes, Marietta, Georgia, United States
| | - Collins Airhihenbuwa
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Susan Ogletree
- College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Christa Wright
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Chemical Insights Research, UL Research Institutes, Marietta, Georgia, United States
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Kowalski TW, Giudicelli GC, Pinho MCDF, Rockenbach MK, Maciel-Fiuza MF, Recamonde-Mendoza M, Vianna FSL. Brazilian women in Bioinformatics: Challenges and opportunities. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 46:e20230134. [PMID: 38259034 PMCID: PMC10829893 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatics is a growing research field that received great notoriety in the years of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a very integrative area, comprising professionals from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In agreement with the other STEM areas, several women have greatly contributed to bioinformatics ascension; however, they had to surpass prejudice and stereotypes to achieve recognition and leadership positions, a path that studies have demonstrated to be more comfortable to their male colleagues. In this review, we discuss the several difficulties that women in STEM, including bioinformatics, surpass during their careers. First, we present a historical context on bioinformatics and the main applications for this area. Then, we discuss gender disparity in STEM and present the challenges that still contribute to women's inequality in STEM compared to their male colleagues. We also present the opportunities and the transformation that we can start, acting in academia, inside the family and school environments, and as a society, hence contributing to gender equality in STEM. Finally, we discuss specific challenges in the bioinformatics field and how we can act to overcome them, especially in low and middle-income countries, such as Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Unidade de Genética Laboratorial, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro Universitário CESUCA, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Câmara Giudicelli
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Unidade de Genética Laboratorial, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara de Freitas Pinho
- Centro Universitário CESUCA, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marília Körbes Rockenbach
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriãn Ferrão Maciel-Fiuza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Informática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Unidade de Genética Laboratorial, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Mariath F, Baratto LC. Female naturalists and the patterns of suppression of women scientists in history: the example of Maria Sibylla Merian and her contributions about useful plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:17. [PMID: 37173737 PMCID: PMC10182609 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work reunites many women naturalists who registered knowledge about native flora in scientific expeditions around the globe between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Since male naturalists are more recognized in this period of time, we aimed to list female naturalists that published plant descriptions and observations, focusing on the work of Maria Sibylla Merian and to analyze her trajectory as an example to discuss the patterns of the suppression of women scientists. A second aim was to inventory the useful plants described in Maria Sibylla's Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium and find pharmacological evidence about the traditional uses described for those plants cited as medicinal and toxic. METHODS A survey of female naturalists was carried out by searching information in Pubmed, Scielo, Google Scholar and Virtual Health Library. Once Maria Sibylla published her book Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium by her own, without male co-authors, and also this book is one of the only to have text and illustrations altogether and there are reports indicating information on useful plants in this work, she and her book were chosen as subject of this research. All the information was tabulated by dividing the plants into food, medicinal, toxic, aromatic or other uses. Finally, with the combinations of the scientific name of medicinal and toxic plants with information about their popular uses, a search was carried out in databases in order to indicate current pharmacological studies that reported evidences about the traditional uses described. RESULTS We found 28 women naturalists who participated in scientific expeditions or trips, or in a curiosity cabinet, or who were collectors of Natural History between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. All these women illustrated botanical species and/or recorded their everyday or medicinal use or reported their observations in the form of a published work, letters or diaries. Also, the trajectory of Maria Sibylla Merian revealed that her scientific relevance has been neglected from the eighteenth century by mechanisms of suppression, most of the time by male depreciation, which can be seen as a pattern for suppression of women in science. However, Maria Sibyllas' contributions have been valued again in the twenty-first century. In Maria Sibylla's work, 54 plants were identified, 26 of them used for food, 4 of them aromatic, 8 medicinal, 4 toxic and 9 other uses. CONCLUSION This study evidences that there are female naturalists whose work could be an important source for ethnopharmacological studies. Researching about women scientists, talking about them and highlighting the gender bias present in the scientific academy about the way the history of science is told is essential for the construction of a more diverse and richer scientific academy. The traditional use of 7 of 8 medicinal plants and 3 of 4 toxic plants reported was correlated with pharmacological studies, highlighting the importance of this historical record and its potential to direct strategic research in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Mariath
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo C Baratto
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Staniscuaski F, Machado AV, Soletti RC, Reichert F, Zandonà E, Mello-Carpes PB, Infanger C, Ludwig ZMC, de Oliveira L. Bias against parents in science hits women harder. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 10:201. [PMID: 37192946 PMCID: PMC10159222 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-023-01722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, parenthood remains a major driver for the reduced participation of women in the job market, where discrimination stems from people's biases against mothers, based on stereotypes and misconceptions surrounding the vision of motherhood in our society. In academia, parenthood may be perceived as negatively affecting scientists' commitment and dedication, especially women's. We conducted a survey amongst Brazilian scientists and found that mothers self-reported a higher prevalence of negative bias in their workplace when compared to fathers. The perception of a negative bias was influenced by gender and career status, but not by race, scientific field or number of children. Regarding intersections, mothers with less than 15 years of hiring reported having suffered a higher rate of negative bias against themselves. We discuss implications of these results and suggest how this negative bias should be addressed in order to promote an equitable environment that does not harm women in science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Staniscuaski
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arthur V. Machado
- Institute of Humanities and Health, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Rossana C. Soletti
- Interdisciplinary Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Tramandai, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Reichert
- Management School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eugenia Zandonà
- Department of Ecology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Infanger
- Department of Political Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zelia M. C. Ludwig
- Physics Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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6
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Darwin KH, Aldridge B, Seeliger J, Shen A, Stanley S. Confusion. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57041. [PMID: 36876580 PMCID: PMC10074050 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Can we do better when it comes to the "other-race effect"?
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aimee Shen
- Tufts University Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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7
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Lagisz M, Aich U, Amin B, Rutkowska J, Sánchez-Mercado A, Lara CE, Nakagawa S. Little transparency and equity in scientific awards for early- and mid-career researchers in ecology and evolution. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:655-665. [PMID: 37012379 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Scientific awards can shape scientific careers, helping to secure jobs and grants, but can also contribute to the lack of diversity at senior levels and in the elite networks of scientists. To assess the status quo and historical trends, we evaluated 'best researcher' awards and 'best paper' early- and mid-career awards from broad-scope international journals and societies in ecology and evolution. Specifically, we collated information on eligibility rules, assessment criteria and potential gender bias. Our results reveal that, overall, few awards foster equitable access and assessment. Although many awards now explicitly allow extensions of the eligibility period for substantial career interruptions, there is a general lack of transparency in terms of assessment and consideration of other differences in access to opportunities and resources among junior researchers. Strikingly, open science practices were mentioned and valued in only one award. By highlighting instances of desirable award characteristics, we hope this work will nudge award committees to shift from simple but non-equitable award policies and practices towards strategies enhancing inclusivity and diversity. Such a shift would benefit not only those at the early- and mid-career stages but the whole research community. It is also an untapped opportunity to reward open science practices, promoting transparent and robust science.
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8
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Davies SW, Gamache MH, Howe-Kerr LI, Kriefall NG, Baker AC, Banaszak AT, Bay LK, Bellantuono AJ, Bhattacharya D, Chan CX, Claar DC, Coffroth MA, Cunning R, Davy SK, del Campo J, Díaz-Almeyda EM, Frommlet JC, Fuess LE, González-Pech RA, Goulet TL, Hoadley KD, Howells EJ, Hume BCC, Kemp DW, Kenkel CD, Kitchen SA, LaJeunesse TC, Lin S, McIlroy SE, McMinds R, Nitschke MR, Oakley CA, Peixoto RS, Prada C, Putnam HM, Quigley K, Reich HG, Reimer JD, Rodriguez-Lanetty M, Rosales SM, Saad OS, Sampayo EM, Santos SR, Shoguchi E, Smith EG, Stat M, Stephens TG, Strader ME, Suggett DJ, Swain TD, Tran C, Traylor-Knowles N, Voolstra CR, Warner ME, Weis VM, Wright RM, Xiang T, Yamashita H, Ziegler M, Correa AMS, Parkinson JE. Building consensus around the assessment and interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae diversity. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15023. [PMID: 37151292 PMCID: PMC10162043 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Within microeukaryotes, genetic variation and functional variation sometimes accumulate more quickly than morphological differences. To understand the evolutionary history and ecology of such lineages, it is key to examine diversity at multiple levels of organization. In the dinoflagellate family Symbiodiniaceae, which can form endosymbioses with cnidarians (e.g., corals, octocorals, sea anemones, jellyfish), other marine invertebrates (e.g., sponges, molluscs, flatworms), and protists (e.g., foraminifera), molecular data have been used extensively over the past three decades to describe phenotypes and to make evolutionary and ecological inferences. Despite advances in Symbiodiniaceae genomics, a lack of consensus among researchers with respect to interpreting genetic data has slowed progress in the field and acted as a barrier to reconciling observations. Here, we identify key challenges regarding the assessment and interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae genetic diversity across three levels: species, populations, and communities. We summarize areas of agreement and highlight techniques and approaches that are broadly accepted. In areas where debate remains, we identify unresolved issues and discuss technologies and approaches that can help to fill knowledge gaps related to genetic and phenotypic diversity. We also discuss ways to stimulate progress, in particular by fostering a more inclusive and collaborative research community. We hope that this perspective will inspire and accelerate coral reef science by serving as a resource to those designing experiments, publishing research, and applying for funding related to Symbiodiniaceae and their symbiotic partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Davies
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew H. Gamache
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Andrew C. Baker
- Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anastazia T. Banaszak
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - Line Kolind Bay
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Bellantuono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Cheong Xin Chan
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Danielle C. Claar
- Nearshore Habitat Program, Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA, USA
| | | | - Ross Cunning
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Simon K. Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Javier del Campo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC - Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Jörg C. Frommlet
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lauren E. Fuess
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Raúl A. González-Pech
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Tamar L. Goulet
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Hoadley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama—Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Emily J. Howells
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Dustin W. Kemp
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama—Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, United States
| | - Carly D. Kenkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sheila A. Kitchen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Todd C. LaJeunesse
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Shelby E. McIlroy
- Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ryan McMinds
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Clinton A. Oakley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Raquel S. Peixoto
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Prada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Hollie M. Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | | | - Hannah G. Reich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - James Davis Reimer
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Stephanie M. Rosales
- The Cooperative Institute For Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Osama S. Saad
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Red Sea University, Port-Sudan, Sudan
| | - Eugenia M. Sampayo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott R. Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Eiichi Shoguchi
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Edward G. Smith
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael Stat
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy G. Stephens
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Marie E. Strader
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - David J. Suggett
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy D. Swain
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, United States
| | - Cawa Tran
- Department of Biology, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nikki Traylor-Knowles
- Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Mark E. Warner
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, United States
| | - Virginia M. Weis
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Rachel M. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Tingting Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Maren Ziegler
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen (Germany), Giessen, Germany
| | | | - John Everett Parkinson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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9
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Langley-Evans SC. Open research: Enhancing transparency in peer review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:421-424. [PMID: 35578389 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Influence of Environmental Aesthetic Value and Anticipated Emotion on Pro-Environmental Behavior: An ERP Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095714. [PMID: 35565109 PMCID: PMC9104830 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perceptual cues act as signals in the aesthetic value environment, which promote emotion regulation toward pro-environment behavior. This type of perception-emotion-behavior reactivity forms the core of human altruism. However, differences in pro-environmental behavior may result from variation across high-aesthetic-value (HAV) and low-aesthetic-value (LAV) environments. This study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying interaction effects between environmental context and emotion regulation on pro-environmental behavior by integrating behavioral and temporal dynamics of decision-making information processing with event-related potential (ERP) technique measures. The results indicated that changing anticipated emotions changes pro-environmental behavior. Regarding changing aesthetic value environments, while modulating emotion regulation, significant differences were found in brain regions and mean amplitudes of N1, P2, N2, and late positive potential (LPP) components, which anticipated emotion. The findings suggest that environmental aesthetic value and emotion regulation impact pro-environmental behavior.
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Zandonà E. Female ecologists are falling from the academic ladder: A call for action. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Kenney J, Ochoa S, Alnor MA, Ben-Azu B, Diaz-Cutraro L, Folarin R, Hutch A, Luckhoff HK, Prokopez CR, Rychagov N, Surajudeen B, Walsh L, Watts T, Del Re EC. A Snapshot of Female Representation in Twelve Academic Psychiatry Institutions Around the World. Psychiatry Res 2022; 308:114358. [PMID: 34986430 PMCID: PMC8799521 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The study presented here aims at bringing a global perspective to the phenomenon of unequal representation of females in science by offering empirical data of female representation in neuroscience/schizophrenia academic or clinical departments in several institutions around the world. We took advantage of a budding network of scientists and colleagues from different countries to bring the data together. The data presented are related to sex, that is the biological distinction between males and females, based on genetics and reproductive anatomy, while gender, considered a cultural concept was harder to determine. We report data from two clinical/academic departments in Nigeria, Africa; 2 clinical/academic departments from Sudan, Africa; 1 clinical/academic department from South Africa, Africa; 3 academic institutions from Ireland, Europe; 1 clinical/academic institution from Spain, Europe; 2 academic institutions from Buenos Aires University, Argentina; and the Psychiatry Departments at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Kenney
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susanna Ochoa
- Unitat de Recerca de Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain, Cibersam
| | - Mohamed Abdalhameed Alnor
- Abha Psychiatric Hospital, Saudi Arabia, Department of Psychiatry University of Khartoum, and Taha Baasher Psychiatric Hospital, Sudan
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Luciana Diaz-Cutraro
- MERITT group, Unitat de recerca y desenvolupament, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain and Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology and education and sports Sciences, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Royhaan Folarin
- Neurophytotherapy Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Hilmar Klaus Luckhoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University
| | - Cintia R Prokopez
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Buenos Aires University, Argentina
| | | | - Bakare Surajudeen
- Neurophytotherapy Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Tonya Watts
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | - Elisabetta C Del Re
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Buenos Aires University, Argentina.
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Soares R, Santiago de Mello MC, Naegele R. Impact Assessment of an Affirmative Action to Promote Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Respect in Brazilian Chemistry during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2022; 99:513-518. [PMID: 37556273 PMCID: PMC8577355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, the institutional affirmative action "Onde elas estão?" ("Where are they?") was launched for the mitigation of gender inequality in the STEM disciplines in Brazil, coincidentally in the same period which the first reports of the COVID-19 pandemic appeared in the city of Wuhan, China. Unfortunately, when evaluating the initiative through different approaches belonging to the Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Respect (DEIR) theories, the presence of implicit biases and the invisibility of underrepresented minorities was observed. Approximately 77.5% of the female scientists participating in the initiative were white and belonging to the wealthiest regions (75%) and with the greatest contribution to Brazil's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). On the other hand, Black, Indigenous, and Asian female chemists were not identified, nor were female chemists belonging to the North Region (Brazilian Amazon Region). The DEIR practice "Onde elas estão?" has an important role in the dissemination of highly qualified Brazilian female chemists and provides an important source of engagement and sense of community for future generations of female students to avoid abandoning STEM subjects. However, adjustments are needed that take into account greater Diversity, Inclusion, Equity, and Respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Soares
- Geochemistry Program, Federal Fluminense
University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-007,
Brazil
- Environmental Institute of Rio de Janeiro
State, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Naegele
- Environmental Institute of Rio de Janeiro
State, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
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Silva MND, Azevedo MCD, Azevedo-Pereira HAD, Santos MVDRD, Monteiro JCDS. Representatividade da mulher negra em folhetos educativos sobre saúde da mulher. ESCOLA ANNA NERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2021-0389pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Identificar folhetos educativos do Ministério da Saúde sobre saúde da mulher disponibilizados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde; classificar a representação da mulher nesses folhetos de acordo com a etnia/raça/cor; analisar a representatividade da mulher negra nesses folhetos. Método Estudo documental, descritivo, exploratório. Resultados No período de 2007 a 2019, identificaram-se 19 folhetos educativos relacionados à saúde da mulher, sendo que 10 traziam imagens de mulheres. As mulheres brancas foram observadas nos 10 folhetos (100%) que continham imagens e ilustrações, enquanto mulheres negras foram identificadas em três (30%) dos 10 folhetos. Da análise dos dados, emergiram duas categorias analíticas: “a mulher negra sub-representada” e “desconstruindo estereótipos: o papel de destaque da mulher negra”. Conclusão O estudo evidencia uma baixa representação da mulher negra nos folhetos educativos. Entretanto, quando representada, a imagem da mulher negra surge de modo positivo e igualitário em relação às mulheres de outros grupos étnico-raciais.
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Silva MND, Azevedo MCD, Azevedo-Pereira HAD, Santos MVDRD, Monteiro JCDS. Representation of black women in educational leaflets on women's health. ESCOLA ANNA NERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2021-0389en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To identify the educational leaflets of the Brazilian Ministry of Health on women's health available in the Virtual Health Library; to classify the representation of women in these leaflets according to ethnicity / race / color; to analyze the representation of black women in these leaflets. Method Documentary, descriptive, exploratory study. Results From 2007 to 2019, 19 educational brochures related to women's health were identified, ten of which had images of women. White women were observed in the ten leaflets (100%) that contained images and illustrations, whereas black women were identified in three (30%) of the 10 leaflets. Two analytical categories emerged from the data analysis: “the underrepresented black woman” and “deconstructing stereotypes: the prominent role of black women”. Conclusion This study shows a low representation of black women in educational leaflets. However, when represented, black women are portrayed positively and equally in relation to women of other racial and ethnic groups.
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Oliveira LDE, Reichert F, Zandonà E, Soletti RC, Staniscuaski F. The 100,000 most influential scientists rank: the underrepresentation of Brazilian women in academia. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201952. [PMID: 34550208 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress observed in recent years, women are still underrepresented in science worldwide, especially at top positions. Many factors contribute to women progressively leaving academia at different stages of their career, including motherhood, harassment and conscious and unconscious discrimination. Implicit bias plays a major negative role in recognition, promotions and career advancement of female scientists. Recently, a rank of the most influential scientists in the world was created based on several metrics, including the number of published papers and citations. Here, we analyzed the representation of Brazilian scientists in this rank, focusing on gender. Female Brazilian scientists are greatly underrepresented in the rank (11% in the Top 100,000; 18% in the Top 2%). Possible reasons for this observed scenario are related to the metrics used to rank scientists, which reproduce and amplify the well-known implicit bias in peer-review and citations. Male scientists have more self-citation than female scientists and positions in the rank varied when self-citations were included, suggesting that self-citation by male scientists increases their visibility. Discussions on the repercussions of such ranks are pivotal to avoid deepening the gender gap in science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia DE Oliveira
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Prof Hernani Melo, 101, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Reichert
- Escola de Administração, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Washington Luiz, 855, 90010-460 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eugenia Zandonà
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rossana C Soletti
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos, Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS 030, Km 11.700, 95590-000 Tramandaí, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Staniscuaski
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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