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Merín L, Nieto M, Sánchez-Arias L, Ros L, Latorre JM. Actigraphy-assessed sleep duration and quality and executive function in a sample of typically developing preschoolers. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02558-9. [PMID: 39190152 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is essential for cognitive development and brain maturation during early childhood. Studies focused on preschool populations using objective measures of sleep are still scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between objective measures of sleep duration and quality with executive functioning in a 133 non-clinical sample of Spanish participants (Mage = 60.33 months, SD = 9.04; ages 41-77 months; 51.1% girls). Sleep was assessed for five weeknights using actigraphy; Shape School task was applied to assess inhibition and cognitive flexibility; and Word Span task was used to assess working memory. The results revealed that relation between sleep and executive functioning was significant for inhibition and working memory. Preschoolers with higher sleep efficiency showed better results in executive functioning tasks after controlling for the effect of age. Additionally, age and sleep duration and quality variables were predictive of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. These results suggest that the different dimensions of sleep could play an important role in the development of executive functions during preschool age. Therefore, improving sleep could lead to an improvement in children's executive functioning in both clinical and educational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llanos Merín
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Medicine, Albacete, Spain
| | - Marta Nieto
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Medicine, Albacete, Spain.
| | | | - Laura Ros
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Medicine, Albacete, Spain
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Haddadi A, Matinnia N, Yazdi‐Ravandi S. The relationship between corona disease anxiety and sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation in medical staff: The mediating role of resiliency and cognitive flexibility: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2282. [PMID: 39144407 PMCID: PMC11322221 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Medical staff have experienced anxiety, sleep disturbances, and suicide due to the COVID-19 epidemic. Thus, this study examined the relationship between corona disease anxiety, sleep problems, and suicidal ideation in medical staff and how resiliency and cognitive flexibility mediate it. Methods This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study examined medical staff. In 2022, participants were affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran educational and treatment centers. Sampling was done at primary COVID-19 treatment centers. Data was collected using validated instruments. Ethics were observed during data collecting. Results Path analysis was employed to test hypotheses. Analysis showed significant positive relationships between Corona disease anxiety and sleep disturbances (p = 0.001, β = 0.438) and suicidal ideation (p = 0.001, β = 0.310). Conversely, negative and significant associations were identified between resiliency and cognitive flexibility with sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation. Conclusions The study illustrates how medical staff's psychological health is linked to COVID-19. High Corona disease anxiety causes sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. Resilience and cognitive flexibility modulated Corona disease anxiety, sleep problems, and suicidal thoughts. The comprehensive study focuses on medical staff mental health issues, suggesting targeted solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Haddadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hamedan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityHamedanIran
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Nasrin Matinnia
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hamedan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Saeid Yazdi‐Ravandi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
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Yesilkaya HU, Chen X, Watford L, McCoy E, Genc I, Du F, Ongur D, Yuksel C. Poor Self-Reported Sleep is Associated with Prolonged White Matter T2 Relaxation in Psychotic Disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.03.601887. [PMID: 39005452 PMCID: PMC11244968 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.601887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by white matter (WM) abnormalities, however, their relationship with illness presentation is not clear. Sleep disturbances are common in both disorders, and recent evidence suggests that sleep plays a critical role in WM physiology. Therefore, it is plausible that sleep disturbances are associated with impaired WM integrity in these disorders. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association of self-reported sleep disturbances with WM transverse (T2) relaxation times in patients with SZ spectrum disorders and BD with psychotic features. Methods 28 patients with psychosis (17 BD-I, with psychotic features and 11 SZ spectrum disorders) were included. Metabolite and water T2 relaxation times were measured in the anterior corona radiata at 4T. Sleep was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results PSQI total score showed a moderate to strong positive correlation with water T2 (r = 0.64, p<0.001). Linear regressions showed that this association was specific to sleep disturbance but was not a byproduct of exacerbation in depressive, manic, or psychotic symptoms. In our exploratory analysis, sleep disturbance was correlated with free water percentage, suggesting that increased extracellular water may be a mechanism underlying the association of disturbed sleep and prolonged water T2 relaxation. Conclusion Our results highlight the connection between poor sleep and WM abnormalities in psychotic disorders. Future research using objective sleep measures and neuroimaging techniques suitable to probe free water is needed to further our insight into this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haluk Umit Yesilkaya
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Xi Chen
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Fei Du
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dost Ongur
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cagri Yuksel
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Zhang Z, Carlson D, Gilbert-Diamond D, Emond JA. Associations between sleep and appetitive traits in higher-income preschoolers: A six-month study. Appetite 2024; 196:107254. [PMID: 38346496 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short sleep is consistently linked with childhood obesity, possibly via disrupting appetite hormones and increasing food responsiveness. Few studies have objectively examined this association in early childhood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations of sleep quantity and quality with child appetitive traits and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) in a higher-income cohort of 86 preschool-age children (age 4.0 ± 0.8 years; 42% female; 93% non-Hispanic white, Northern New England, US). METHODS Children's sleep duration and quality were assessed via parent report (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ) at baseline and 6-month follow-up and via accelerometry at baseline. Parents also completed the Child Eating Behaviors Questionnaire to assess the child's appetitive traits. EAH, an objective measure of overeating, was observed at baseline during an in-person visit. Associations between sleep measures and appetitive traits were examined with linear mixed-effect or linear regression models, as appropriate, adjusting for child age, sex, and household income. RESULTS Shorter sleep duration per parent report was associated with less satiety responsiveness (standardized ß = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.26; p = 0.03). Further, satiety responsiveness was inversely related to EAH (Pearson's r = -0.35, p = 0.02). No associations were found between accelerometer-measured sleep parameters and appetitive traits, and no sleep measures were related to EAH. CONCLUSIONS Shorter usual sleep, per the parent report, was cross-sectionally associated with reduced satiety responsiveness in this sample of higher-income preschoolers. Future studies should consider whether socioeconomic status may modify the impact of poor sleep on appetitive traits in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA.
| | - Delaina Carlson
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA; Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Jennifer A Emond
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH, 03756, USA
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Likhitweerawong N, Khorana J, Boonchooduang N, Phinyo P, Patumanond J, Louthrenoo O. Associated biological and environmental factors of impaired executive function in
preschool‐aged
children: A
population‐based
study. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Narueporn Likhitweerawong
- Division of Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Khorana
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Clinical Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nonglak Boonchooduang
- Division of Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Phichayut Phinyo
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Jayanton Patumanond
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Orawan Louthrenoo
- Division of Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
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Descarpentrie A, Estevez M, Brabant G, Vandentorren S, Lioret S. Lifestyle Patterns of Children Experiencing Homelessness: Family Socio-Ecological Correlates and Links with Physical and Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16276. [PMID: 36498355 PMCID: PMC9737210 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diet, screen time, physical activity, and sleep combine into lifestyle patterns with synergistic effects on health. This study aimed to identify lifestyle patterns in children without housing and assess their associations with physical and mental health and family socio-ecological factors. In the 2013 ENFAMS cross-sectional survey (children aged 6-12 experiencing homelessness, Greater Paris area, n = 235), parents reported socio-ecological factors, children's behaviours, and mental health (the latter was also child-reported). Nurses measured children's haemoglobin concentrations and body mass index. Principal component analysis was used to derive sex-specific lifestyle patterns. Hierarchical linear regressions and "outcome-wide" analyses assessed, respectively, these patterns' relations to health and family socio-ecological factors. A rather healthy lifestyle pattern-similarly characterized by diverse diet and high sleep time-was identified, with slight differences by sex. Scores for this pattern were higher for children in food-secure or higher-income households, whose parents were proficient in French, who slept longer, or who received more social support compared to their counterparts, with some nuances by sex. Higher scores for this pattern were associated with higher prosocial behaviour scores (girls) and lower anxiety and hyperactivity-inattention symptoms scores (boys), but not with physical health. For this underserved and understudied population, the results highlight the importance of family socio-ecological factors in shaping the lifestyles and mental health of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Descarpentrie
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), F-75004 Paris, France
| | - Mégane Estevez
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1219, PHARes team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Brabant
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1219, PHARes team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France
- Institut Convergences Migration/CNRS, F-93322 Aubervilliers, France
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), F-75004 Paris, France
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How Cognitive Abilities May Support Children’s Bilingual Literacy Development in a Multilingual Society. LANGUAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/languages7010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Underprivileged but highly multilingual Indian children often show low literacy performance. As a complicating factor, these children are often expected to develop literacy not just in the regionally dominant language but also in English. As good literacy skills are crucial for later academic development, it is important to identify factors that could support these children’s literacy development. We, therefore, investigated whether cognitive abilities are associated with literacy development and whether they are so in the same way for both of these children’s languages. In a longitudinal design (Std. 4 and Std. 5), literacy data in Hindi and English were collected from 336 children in Delhi, India. In addition, three cognitive tasks (Raven’s, 2-back, Flanker) were performed. We found that bilingual literacy development is evident across children, although the starting point is low in some cases. Fluid intelligence (Raven’s) and working memory capacity (2-back) significantly positively related to literacy performance in Std. 4 and Std. 5 in both Hindi and English. Literacy improvement from Std. 4 to Std. 5 also related to cognitive abilities—working memory capacity (2-back) for Hindi and inhibitory skills (Flanker) for English—but in the opposite direction: Children who had lower scores on these cognitive tasks show more improvement, indicating that they are in the process of catching up with their higher-performing peers—although they have not fully managed to do so by Std. 5.
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