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Yüksel A, Yilmaz EB, Dikmen SNT. Suicide Probability Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2024; 62:37-45. [PMID: 38451120 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20240227-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the possibility of suicide and related factors among individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD). METHOD Data were collected for 270 individuals registered in a community mental health center using the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS). Subsequently, t test and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on independent samples. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference found between mean SPS scores of participants with schizophrenia and BD. However, hostility subscale mean scores of participants with schizophrenia were higher than those of participants with BD, and the difference was statistically significant. Sex, family history of mental illness, need for help with medication, suicidal ideation in the past 10 days, and number of suicide attempts were important predictors of suicide probability. CONCLUSION Individuals with schizophrenia and BD and in remission should be evaluated periodically for the possibility of suicide. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62(8), 37-45.].
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Ma N, Chen R, Bai Y, Zhang W, Chen Z, Zhou J, Cao Y, Wen L, Chen X, Zhan X, Fan Y. A longitudinal study on the effects of social support on self-stigma, psychiatric symptoms, and personal and social functioning in community patients with severe mental illnesses in China. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024:207640241245932. [PMID: 38616508 DOI: 10.1177/00207640241245932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined whether social support contributes to better consequences among chronic patients with severe mental illnesses (SMI) in their community recovery stage and whether self-stigma would be a mechanism through which social support impacts psychiatric symptoms and personal and social functioning. AIMS This study aimed to examine prospective associations of social support with long-term self-stigma, psychiatric symptoms, and personal and social functioning, and to investigate whether self-stigma would mediate the associations of social support with psychiatric symptoms and personal and social functioning among patients with SMI. METHODS A total of 312 persons with SMI (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) in their community recovery stage participated in the study. Social support, self-stigma, psychiatric symptoms, and personal and social functioning were evaluated at baseline. The follow-up assessment was conducted at 6 months with the baseline measures except for social support. Hierarchical linear regression and mediation analysis were performed. RESULTS The results showed that baseline social support predicted decreases in stigma (β = -.115, p = .029) and psychiatric symptoms (β = -.193, p < .001), and increases in personal and social functioning (β = .134, p = .008) over 6 months, after adjusting for relevant covariates. Stigma at 6 months partially mediated the association between baseline social support and 6-month psychiatric symptoms (indirect effect: β = -.043, CI [-0.074, -0.018]). Stigma and psychiatric symptoms at 6 months together mediated the association between baseline social support and 6-month personal and social functioning (indirect effect: β = .084, 95% CI [0.029, 0.143]). CONCLUSION It is necessary to provide comprehensive social support services and stigma reduction interventions at the community level to improve the prognosis of SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Runzi Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Wufang Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Zecong Chen
- Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- The Mental Health Center of Kaizhou District of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajie Cao
- Taiyuan Xinghualing District Mental Recovery Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liping Wen
- Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- The Mental Health Center of Kaizhou District of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuhui Zhan
- Taiyuan Xinghualing District Mental Recovery Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunge Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Guo L, Zauszniewski JA, Zhang G, Lei X, Zhang M, Wei M, Ma K, Yang C, Liu Y, Guo Y. Resourcefulness Among Initial Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Longitudinal Study of 12 Months. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:565-577. [PMID: 38476594 PMCID: PMC10929218 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s448647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore distinct longitudinal trajectories of resourcefulness among initial ischemic stroke patients from diagnosis to 12 months, and to identify whether sociodemographic factors, disease-related factors, self-efficacy, family function, and social support can predict patterns in the trajectories of resourcefulness. Methods A prospective longitudinal study was conducted. Initial ischemic stroke patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed up when still in hospital (Preparing for discharge, Baseline, T1), at 1 month (T2), at 3 months (T3), at 6 months (T4), at 9 months (T5) and 12 months (T6) (±1 week) after discharge. General information, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), General Family Functioning Subscale (FAD-GF), and Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS) were used in T1. The Resourcefulness Scale© was evaluated at 6 time points. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify trajectory patterns of resourcefulness. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of resourcefulness trajectories. Results Three longitudinal trajectories of resourcefulness were identified and named as the high-stable class (38.9%, n=71), fluctuation class (41.2%, n=75), and low-stable class (19.9%, n=36), respectively. Dwelling areas (x2=6.805, P=0.009), education (x2=44.865, P=0.000), monthly income (x2=13.063, P=0.001), NIHSS scores (x2=44.730, P=0.000), mRS scores (x2=51.788, P=0.000), Hcy (x2=9.345, P=0.002), GSES (x2=56.933, P=0.000), FAD-GF (x2=41.305, P=0.000) and SSRS (x2=52.373, P=0.000) were found to be statistically significant for distinguishing between different resourcefulness trajectory patterns. Lower education (OR=0.404), higher NIHSS(OR=6.672) scores, and higher mRS(OR=21.418) scores were found to be risk factors for lower resourcefulness, whereas higher education(OR=0.404), GSES(OR=0.276), FAD-GF(OR=0.344), and SSRS(OR=0.358) scores were identified as protective factors enhancing resourcefulness. Conclusion This study obtained three patterns of trajectories and identified their predictive factors in initial ischemic stroke. The findings will assist health care professionals in identifying subgroups of patients and when they may be at risk of low resourcefulness and provide timely targeted intervention to promote resourcefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Guo
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jaclene A Zauszniewski
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gege Zhang
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Lei
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Wei
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keke Ma
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caixia Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjin Liu
- Department of Nursing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanli Guo
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
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Guo L, Wei M, Namassevayam G, Zhang M, Xie Y, Meng R, Guo Y, Liu Y. Is sleep quality a moderated mediator between perceived stress and depression among stroke patients? Front Public Health 2024; 11:1284197. [PMID: 38249388 PMCID: PMC10796719 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1284197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep quality can offer new insights into addressing depression among stroke patients. However, the current understanding of the mechanism by which sleep quality reduces depression is not clear in existing research. Objectives This study aimed to identify the relationships and mechanisms among perceived stress, sleep quality, social support, and depression in stroke patients. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2023. Cluster random sampling was used to recruit 500 stroke patients from five hospitals in Henan Province, China. The Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) were employed to assess perceived stress, sleep quality, social support, and depression, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, and moderated mediation analysis. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist for reporting. Results Out of 500 participants, 471 completed the survey (94.2%). After controlling for sex and age, mediation analysis revealed that poor sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and depression (β = 0.184, 95% CI: 0.110, 0.359). Additionally, social support played a moderating role in the mediation model. Conclusion This study explained the moderated mediation of sleep quality and social support between perceived stress and depression. It provided a theoretical basis for the development of a sleep quality intervention program for reducing depression among stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Guo
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miao Wei
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Genoosha Namassevayam
- Department of Supplementary Health Sciences, Faculty of Health-Care Sciences, Eastern University, Chenkalady, Sri Lanka
| | - Mengyv Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yvying Xie
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runtang Meng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanli Guo
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanjin Liu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang H, Chen J, Fang Y. Functional Alterations in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Their Unaffected First-Degree Relatives: Insight from Genetic, Epidemiological, and Neuroimaging Data. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2797-2806. [PMID: 38111594 PMCID: PMC10726715 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s427617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) profoundly affects cognitive and psychosocial functioning, leading to a significant illness burden on patients and their families. Genetic factors are predominant in the onset of bipolar disorder and functional impairments. This disorder exhibits a strong family aggregation, with heritability estimates reaching up to 80%. Individuals with BD often experience impaired functioning, especially in significant areas such as physical performance, sleep, cognition, interpersonal interactions, socioeconomic status, family and marital relationships, work and school performance, well-being, and life expectancy. However, patients with different subtypes exhibit significant heterogeneity in social functioning, cognition, and creativity levels. There are notable differences in psychosocial and cognitive function in their unaffected first-degree relatives (UFR) who do not suffer but may carry susceptibility genes compared to healthy control (HC) without a family history. The observations indicate common genetic structures between BD patients and their UFR, which results in varying degrees of functional abnormalities. Therefore, this article mainly provides evidence on cognition, creativity, and psychosocial functioning in patients with BD and their UFR to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this critical topic in the field of BD. By integrating various findings, including clinical data and neuroimaging studies, our article aims to provide insights and valuable information for a deeper exploration of the pathogenesis of BD and the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry & Affective Disorders Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Lin Y, Wei Q, Luo S, Ye X, Zheng F, Zheng L, Lu X, Li H, Wu S. The risk of suicidal intention in severe mental illness: An ecological perspective. Psychol Psychother 2023; 96:1044-1061. [PMID: 37668301 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guided by the ecosystem theory model framework, we aimed to explore the influence of three ecological dimensions (social, family and psychological factors) on suicidal intention in people with severe mental illness (SMI). We hypothesized that three factors influence suicidal intention, and that psychological factors may play a mediating role in the influence of social and family factors on suicidal intention. METHODS We collected 994 patients with SMI aged 18 and above from May 2021 to March 2022 in the Fourth Hospital of Fuzhou City. We used logistic regression to analyse the association between social, family, psychological factors and suicidal intention. Furthermore, we explored the mediating effects among the influencing factors. RESULTS Younger male patients with schizophrenia were more likely to have suicidal intention due to psychosocial family factors (p < .05). Social factors (poor interpersonal relations, social retreat, social activities outside the home), family factors (parental functions, activities within the family, family functions), psychological factors (anxiety, depression, interest in the outside world, overt aggression, lack of accountability and planning) were all independent risk factors for suicidal intention in patients. Mediation analysis showed anxiety and depression mediated the role of social and family factors on suicidal intention (p < .05). CONCLUSION Social, family and psychological factors were important risk factors for suicidal intention, with anxiety and depression being partial mediators for suicidal intention. Therefore, interventions that enhance family and social functioning and reduce anxiety and depression may be effective in reducing suicidal intention in SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinfei Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Suping Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuhao Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liuyan Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Miklowitz DJ, Weintraub MJ, Walshaw PD, Schneck CD, Chang KD, Merranko J, Garrett AS, Singh MK. Early Family Intervention for Youth at Risk for Bipolar Disorder: Psychosocial and Neural Mediators of Outcome. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1379-1392. [PMID: 36635932 PMCID: PMC10324335 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230111120817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impairing neurodevelopmental course of bipolar disorder (BD) suggests the importance of early intervention for youth in the beginning phases of the illness. OBJECTIVE We report the results of a 3-site randomized trial of family-focused therapy for youth at high-risk (FFT-HR) for BD, and explore psychosocial and neuroimaging variables as mediators of treatment effects. METHODS High-risk youth (<18 years) with major depressive disorder or other specified BD, active mood symptoms, and a family history of BD were randomly assigned to 4 months of FFT-HR (psychoeducation, communication and problem-solving skills training) or 4 months of enhanced care psychoeducation. Adjunctive pharmacotherapy was provided by study psychiatrists. Neuroimaging scans were conducted before and after psychosocial treatments in eligible participants. Independent evaluators interviewed participants every 4-6 months over 1-4 years regarding symptomatic outcomes. RESULTS Among 127 youth (mean 13.2 ± 2.6 years) over a median of 98 weeks, FFT-HR was associated with longer intervals prior to new mood episodes and lower levels of suicidal ideation than enhanced care. Reductions in perceived family conflict mediated the effects of psychosocial interventions on the course of mood symptoms. Among 34 participants with pre-/post-treatment fMRI scans, youth in FFT-HR had (a) stronger resting state connectivity between ventrolateral PFC and anterior default mode network, and (b) increased activity of dorsolateral and medial PFC in emotion processing and problem-solving tasks, compared to youth in enhanced care. CONCLUSION FFT-HR may delay new mood episodes in symptomatic youth with familial liability to BD. Putative treatment mechanisms include neural adaptations suggestive of improved emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Miklowitz
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc J. Weintraub
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia D. Walshaw
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kiki D. Chang
- Private Practice, 2460 Park Blvd, Suite 6 Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA
| | - John Merranko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy S. Garrett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Fann LY, Lin IJ, Huang SH, Wang BL, Huang YC, Yu CP, Cheng CC, Sun CA, Hsu CW, Chien WC, Lu CH. Adults Suffering from Violence Are at Risk of Poor Prognosis in Taiwan, 2000-2015. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081470. [PMID: 36011125 PMCID: PMC9407952 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To understand the risk of developing a poor prognosis in adulthood after violent injury in Taiwan. Methods: This study used the data of outpatients, from emergency departments, and from hospitalization of 2 million people under National Health Insurance from 2000 to 2015. The ICD-9 diagnostic code N-code was defined as the case of this study and was 995.8 (abused adult) or E-code was E960-E969 (homicide and intentional injury by others) The first violent injury of 18−64-year-old adults (the study group) was analyzed. Patients who had not suffered violent abuse were the control group. The groups were matched in a 1:4 ratio, and the paired variables were gender, age ±1 year, Charlson Comorbidity index (CCI) before exposure, and year of medical treatment. SAS 9.4 statistical software was used, and the Cox regression method was used for data analysis. Results: During the 15-year period, a total of 8726 people suffered from violence (34,904 controls). The incidences of common poor prognoses among the victims of violence were sleep disorder, anxiety, and depression, in 33.9%, 21.6%, and 13.2% of people, respectively. The risk (Adults, Overall) of developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, and manic disorder after being violently injured (average 9 years) was 34.86, 4.4, and 4.1 times higher than those who had not suffered violence (all p values < 0.01). The risk (Adults, Males) of developing PTSD, bipolar disorder, and manic disorder after being violently injured (average 9 years) was 30.0, 3.81, and 2.85 times higher, respectively, than those who had not suffered violence (all p values < 0.01). The risk (Adults, Females) of developing PTSD, manic disorder, and bipolar disorder after being violently injured (average 9 years) was 36.8, 6.71, and 5.65 times higher, respectively, than of those who had not suffered violence (all p values < 0.01). Conclusion: The risks of poor prognosis are higher in adults who have suffered violent abuse than in those who have not. Therefore, police, social workers, and medical personnel should pay attention to the mental state of victims of violence. They should aim to support prompt treatment, to avoid PTSD, bipolar disorder, manic disorder, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Fann
- Department of Nursing, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
- Department of Nurse-Midwifery and Women Health, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Iau-Jin Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Hao Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Long Wang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ching Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Peng Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Big Data Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (W.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association (TIPSPA), Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (W.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chieh-Hua Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (W.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.)
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