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Xu H, Zhang T, Li L, Qu Y, Li L, Yan Y, Wu L, Yan C. Paeoniflorin exerts anti-PTSD effects in adult rats by modulating hippocampus and amygdala histone acetylation modifications in response to early life stress. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111035. [PMID: 38703807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) can cause long-term changes by epigenetic factors, especially histone acetylation modification, playing a crucial role, affect normal cognition, mood, and behavior, and increase susceptibility to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. It has been found that paeoniflorin (PF) can cross the blood-brain barrier to exert anti-PTSD effects on adult PTSD rats. However, whether PF can alleviate the harmful effects caused by ELS in adulthood has not yet been reported. Therefore, to explore the relationship between ELS and PTSD susceptibility in adulthood and its mechanism, in this study, SPS was used as a stressor of ELS, and the mathematical tool Z-normalization was employed as an evaluation criterion of behavioral resilience susceptibility. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of PF on histone acetylation in the hippocampus and amygdala of ELS rats in adulthood, using changes in HATs/HDACs as the entry point, meanwhile, the epigenetic marks (H3K9 and H4K12) in the key brain regions of ELS (hippocampus and amygdala) were evaluated, and the effects of PF on behavioral representation and PTSD susceptibility were observed. This study found that ELS lead to a series of PTSD-like behaviors in adulthood and caused imbalance of HATs/HDACs ratio in the hippocampus and amygdala, which confirms that ELS is an important risk factor for the development of PTSD in adulthood. In addition, paeoniflorin may improve ELS-induced PTSD-like behaviors and reduce the susceptibility of ELS rats to develop PTSD in adulthood by modulating the HATs/HDACs ratio in the hippocampus and amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfang Xu
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China.
| | - Tiange Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China.
| | - Ling Li
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China
| | - Yue Qu
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China
| | - Lanxin Li
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China
| | - Lili Wu
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China.
| | - Can Yan
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, PR China.
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2
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Tseilikman VE, Shatilov VA, Zhukov MS, Buksha IA, Epitashvily AE, Lipatov IA, Aristov MR, Koshelev AG, Karpenko MN, Traktirov DS, Maistrenko VA, Kamel M, Buhler AV, Kovaleva EG, Kalinina TS, Pashkov AA, Kon’kov VV, Novak J, Tseilikman OB. Limited Cheese Intake Paradigm Replaces Patterns of Behavioral Disorders in Experimental PTSD: Focus on Resveratrol Supplementation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14343. [PMID: 37762647 PMCID: PMC10532287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the efficacy of drug therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD leaves much to be desired, making nutraceutical support a promising avenue for treatment. Recent research has identified the protective effects of resveratrol in PTSD. Here, we tested the behavioral and neurobiological effects of combining cheese consumption with resveratrol supplements in an experimental PTSD model. Using the elevated plus maze test, we observed that cheese intake resulted in a shift from anxiety-like behavior to depressive behavior, evident in increased freezing acts. However, no significant changes in the anxiety index value were observed. Interestingly, supplementation with cheese and resveratrol only led to the elimination of freezing behavior in half of the PTSD rats. We further segregated the rats into two groups based on freezing behavior: Freezing+ and Freezing0 phenotypes. Resveratrol ameliorated the abnormalities in Monoamine Oxidize -A and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor gene expression in the hippocampus, but only in the Freezing0 rats. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between the number of freezing acts and the levels of Monoamine Oxidize-A and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor mRNAs in the hippocampus. The study results show promise for resveratrol supplementation in PTSD treatment. Further research is warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms and optimize the potential benefits of resveratrol supplementation for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim E. Tseilikman
- Scientific and Educational Center ‘Biomedical Technologies’, School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.A.S.); (M.S.Z.); (M.R.A.); (V.A.M.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Vladislav A. Shatilov
- Scientific and Educational Center ‘Biomedical Technologies’, School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.A.S.); (M.S.Z.); (M.R.A.); (V.A.M.); (A.V.B.)
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (I.A.B.); (I.A.L.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Maxim S. Zhukov
- Scientific and Educational Center ‘Biomedical Technologies’, School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.A.S.); (M.S.Z.); (M.R.A.); (V.A.M.); (A.V.B.)
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (I.A.B.); (I.A.L.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Irina A. Buksha
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (I.A.B.); (I.A.L.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Alexandr E. Epitashvily
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (I.A.B.); (I.A.L.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Ilya A. Lipatov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (I.A.B.); (I.A.L.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Maxim R. Aristov
- Scientific and Educational Center ‘Biomedical Technologies’, School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.A.S.); (M.S.Z.); (M.R.A.); (V.A.M.); (A.V.B.)
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (I.A.B.); (I.A.L.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Alexandr G. Koshelev
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (I.A.B.); (I.A.L.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Marina N. Karpenko
- Pavlov Department of Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.N.K.); (D.S.T.)
| | - Dmitrii S. Traktirov
- Pavlov Department of Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.N.K.); (D.S.T.)
| | - Viktoriya A. Maistrenko
- Scientific and Educational Center ‘Biomedical Technologies’, School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.A.S.); (M.S.Z.); (M.R.A.); (V.A.M.); (A.V.B.)
- Pavlov Department of Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.N.K.); (D.S.T.)
| | - Mustapha Kamel
- Scientific and Educational Center ‘Biomedical Technologies’, School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.A.S.); (M.S.Z.); (M.R.A.); (V.A.M.); (A.V.B.)
- Research, Educational and Innovative Center of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Alexey V. Buhler
- Scientific and Educational Center ‘Biomedical Technologies’, School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.A.S.); (M.S.Z.); (M.R.A.); (V.A.M.); (A.V.B.)
- Research, Educational and Innovative Center of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Elena G. Kovaleva
- Research, Educational and Innovative Center of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Tatyana S. Kalinina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Anton A. Pashkov
- Federal Neurosurgical Center, 630048 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Department of Data Collection and Processing Systems, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630087 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Kon’kov
- Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Jurica Novak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Olga B. Tseilikman
- Scientific and Educational Center ‘Biomedical Technologies’, School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.A.S.); (M.S.Z.); (M.R.A.); (V.A.M.); (A.V.B.)
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (I.A.B.); (I.A.L.); (A.G.K.)
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Early Life Stress (ELS) Effects on Fetal and Adult Bone Development. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10010102. [PMID: 36670652 PMCID: PMC9856960 DOI: 10.3390/children10010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) refers to harmful environmental events (i.e., poor maternal health, metabolic restraint, childhood trauma) occurring during the prenatal and/or postnatal period, which may cause the 'epigenetic corruption' of cellular and molecular signaling of mental and physical development. While the impact of ELS in a wide range of human diseases has been confirmed, the ELS susceptibility to bone diseases has been poorly explored. In this review, to understand the potential mediating pathways of ELS in bone diseases, PRISMA criteria were used to analyze different stress protocols in mammal models and the effects elicited in dams and their progeny. Data collected, despite the methodological heterogeneity, show that ELS interferes with fetal bone formation, also revealing that the stress type and affected developmental phase may influence the variety and severity of bone anomalies. Interestingly, these findings highlight the maternal and fetal ability to buffer stress, establishing a new role for the placenta in minimizing ELS perturbations. The functional link between ELS and bone impairments will boost future investigations on maternal stress transmission to the fetus and, parallelly, help the assessment of catch-up mechanisms of skeleton adaptations from the cascading ELS effects.
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Krispil-Alon M, Jovasevic V, Radulovic J, Richter-Levin G. Sex-specific roles of hippocampal microRNAs in stress vulnerability and resilience. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:503. [PMID: 36473835 PMCID: PMC9726879 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to intuition, most individuals are resilient to psychological trauma and only a minority is vulnerable. Men and women are known to respond differently to trauma exposure, however, mechanisms underlying the relationship between sex differences and trauma resilience and vulnerability are not yet fully understood. Taking advantage of the Behavioral Profiling approach, which enables differentiating between 'affected' and 'unaffected' individuals, we examined sex-associated differences in stress exposure effects on hippocampal expression of selected stress-related GABA-A receptor targeting miRNAs. Levels of the miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 were measured in male and female affected (vulnerable, e.g., higher freezing time) and unaffected (resilient) rats. In male rats, increased levels of miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 were observed in the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) and ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) respectively, of stress-exposed but unaffected animals. In females, we observed an increased expression of miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 in the ventral cornu ammonis 1 (vCA1) of affected animals. Accordingly, we inhibited miRNAs expression selectively in hippocampal subregions using oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acid bases, to examine the miRNAs' causal contribution to either vulnerability or resilience to stress in each sex. Inhibition of miRNA-144 in dDG and miRNA-33 in vDG in males resulted in an increased prevalence of vulnerable animals, while inhibition of miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 in vCA1 in females increased the proportion of resilient animals. The current findings reveal a critical sex-associated difference in the role of miRNAs in stress vulnerability and resilience. This novel understanding of sex-associated epigenetic involvement in the mechanism of stress-related psychopathologies may help improve gender-specific diagnosis and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Krispil-Alon
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vladimir Jovasevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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5
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Environmental enrichment mitigates PTSD-like behaviors in adult male rats exposed to early life stress by regulating histone acetylation in the hippocampus and amygdala. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:120-136. [PMID: 36029624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) can cause long-term changes in gene expression, affect cognition, mood, and behavior, and increase susceptibility to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood, in which the histone acetylation plays a crucial role. Studies have found that environmental enrichment (EE) mitigated the unfavorable outcomes of ELS. However, the underlying mechanism of the histone acetylation is not yet completely clear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of EE on the histone acetylation after ELS. In this study, using single prolonged stress (SPS) paradigm in early adolescent rats explored the long-term effects of ELS on behavior, the activity of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), as well as the acetylation levels of the lysine 9 site of histone H3 (H3K9) and lysine 12 site of histone H4 (H4K12) in the hippocampus and amygdala. Meanwhile, the protective effects of EE intervention were examined. We found that adult male rats exposed to ELS showed behavioral changes, including reduced locomotor activity, increased anxiety-like behaviors, impaired spatial learning and memory, enhanced contextual and cued fear memory, and the HATs/HDACs ratio and acetyl H3K9 (Ac-H3K9) and acetyl H4K12 (Ac-H4K12) were increased in the hippocampus and decreased in the amygdala. Furthermore, EE attenuated the behavioral abnormalities from ELS, possibly through down-regulating the activity of HATs in the hippocampus and up-regulating HDACs activities in the amygdala. These finding suggested that EE could ameliorate ELS-induced PTSD-like behaviors by regulating histone acetylation in the hippocampus and amygdala, reducing the susceptibility to PTSD in adulthood.
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Gaszner T, Farkas J, Kun D, Ujvári B, Füredi N, Kovács LÁ, Hashimoto H, Reglődi D, Kormos V, Gaszner B. Epigenetic and Neuronal Activity Markers Suggest the Recruitment of the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus in the Three-Hit Model of Depression in Male PACAP Heterozygous Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911739. [PMID: 36233039 PMCID: PMC9570135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and its increasing prevalence challenge patients, the healthcare system, and the economy. We recently created a mouse model based on the three-hit concept of depression. As genetic predisposition (first hit), we applied pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide heterozygous mice on CD1 background. Maternal deprivation modeled the epigenetic factor (second hit), and the chronic variable mild stress was the environmental factor (third hit). Fluoxetine treatment was applied to test the predictive validity of our model. We aimed to examine the dynamics of the epigenetic marker acetyl-lysine 9 H3 histone (H3K9ac) and the neuronal activity marker FOSB in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Fluoxetine decreased H3K9ac in PFC in non-deprived animals, but a history of maternal deprivation abolished the effect of stress and SSRI treatment on H3K9ac immunoreactivity. In the hippocampus, stress decreased, while SSRI increased H3K9ac immunosignal, unlike in the deprived mice, where the opposite effect was detected. FOSB in stress was stimulated by fluoxetine in the PFC, while it was inhibited in the hippocampus. The FOSB immunoreactivity was almost completely abolished in the hippocampus of the deprived mice. This study showed that FOSB and H3K9ac were modulated in a territory-specific manner by early life adversities and later life stress interacting with the effect of fluoxetine therapy supporting the reliability of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Farkas
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dániel Kun
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ujvári
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Füredi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Ákos Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dóra Reglődi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Group Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kormos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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7
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Gerhardt S, Eidenmueller K, Hoffmann S, Bekier NK, Bach P, Hermann D, Koopmann A, Sommer WH, Kiefer F, Vollstädt-Klein S. A History of Childhood Maltreatment Has Substance- and Sex-Specific Effects on Craving During Treatment for Substance Use Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:866019. [PMID: 35492729 PMCID: PMC9046680 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Childhood maltreatment (CM) leads to detrimental mental health outcomes, such as substance use disorders (SUD). This study examined prevalence and severity of all five types of CM with respect to specific substances and sex in treatment-seeking individuals with SUD. The influences of type of CM and symptoms of depressiveness, anxiety, and perceived stress on substance craving at admission as well as craving reduction during SUD treatment were examined. METHODS N = 546 patients in treatment for SUD and N = 109 individuals in opioid maintenance treatment filled out questionnaires regarding CM (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and psychopathologies. Substance craving was assessed throughout treatment using the Mannheim Craving Scale. Group differences in CM, type of substance and sex were examined. General linear models were applied to examine influences on substance craving. RESULTS Higher prevalence and severity of all five subtypes of CM were observed in individuals with SUD compared to the general population. Women were more severely affected by emotional and sexual abuse than men. Patients with cannabis use disorder reported more severe experiences of emotional abuse compared to all other substances. Craving at admission to treatment was influenced by emotional abuse, however, symptoms of depressiveness, anxiety, and perceived stress contributed to craving at admission or craving reduction during treatment. CONCLUSION CM relates to SUD and should be incorporated in prevention and treatment of SUD. Underlying mechanisms of the association might relate to impairments in processing and regulation of stress, emotions, and interpersonal relations following a history of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gerhardt
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Eidenmueller
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nina K Bekier
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Derik Hermann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Therapieverbund Ludwigsmühle gGmbH, Landau, Germany
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute for Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Bethania Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Center of Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Center of Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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8
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Gaszner T, Farkas J, Kun D, Ujvári B, Berta G, Csernus V, Füredi N, Kovács LÁ, Hashimoto H, Reglődi D, Kormos V, Gaszner B. Fluoxetine treatment supports predictive validity of the three hit model of depression in male PACAP heterozygous mice and underpins the impact of early life adversity on therapeutic efficacy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:995900. [PMID: 36213293 PMCID: PMC9537566 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.995900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the three hit concept of depression, interaction of genetic predisposition altered epigenetic programming and environmental stress factors contribute to the disease. Earlier we demonstrated the construct and face validity of our three hit concept-based mouse model. In the present work, we aimed to examine the predictive validity of our model, the third willnerian criterion. Fluoxetine treatment was applied in chronic variable mild stress (CVMS)-exposed (environmental hit) CD1 mice carrying one mutated allele of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide gene (genetic hit) that were previously exposed to maternal deprivation (epigenetic hit) vs. controls. Fluoxetine reduced the anxiety level in CVMS-exposed mice in marble burying test, and decreased the depression level in tail suspension test if mice were not deprived maternally. History of maternal deprivation caused fundamental functional-morphological changes in response to CVMS and fluoxetine treatment in the corticotropin-releasing hormone-producing cells of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and central amygdala, in tyrosine-hydroxylase content of ventral tegmental area, in urocortin 1-expressing cells of the centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and serotonergic cells of the dorsal raphe nucleus. The epigenetic background of alterations was approved by altered acetylation of histone H3. Our findings further support the validity of both the three hit concept and that of our animal model. Reversal of behavioral and functional-morphological anomalies by fluoxetine treatment supports the predictive validity of the model. This study highlights that early life stress does not only interact with the genetic and environmental factors, but has strong influence also on therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Farkas
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dániel Kun
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ujvári
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Valér Csernus
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Füredi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Ákos Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dóra Reglődi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Group Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kormos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Balázs Gaszner,
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9
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Xue F, Tang X, Kim G, Koenen KC, Martin CL, Galea S, Wildman D, Uddin M, Qu A. Heterogeneous Mediation Analysis on Epigenomic PTSD and Traumatic Stress in a Predominantly African American Cohort. J Am Stat Assoc 2022; 117:1669-1683. [PMID: 36875798 PMCID: PMC9980467 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2022.2089572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) has been suggested to play a critical role in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), through mediating the relationship between trauma and PTSD. However, this underlying mechanism of PTSD for African Americans still remains unknown. To fill this gap, in this article, we investigate how DNAm mediates the effects of traumatic experiences on PTSD symptoms in the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study (DNHS) (2008-2013) which involves primarily African Americans adults. To achieve this, we develop a new mediation analysis approach for high-dimensional potential DNAm mediators. A key novelty of our method is that we consider heterogeneity in mediation effects across subpopulations. Specifically, mediators in different subpopulations could have opposite effects on the outcome, and thus could be difficult to identify under a traditional homogeneous model framework. In contrast, the proposed method can estimate heterogeneous mediation effects and identifies subpopulations in which individuals share similar effects. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods for both homogeneous and heterogeneous data. We also present our mediation analysis results of a dataset with 125 participants and more than 450,000 CpG sites from the DNHS study. The proposed method finds three subgroups of subjects and identifies DNAm mediators corresponding to genes such as HSP90AA1 and NFATC1 which have been linked to PTSD symptoms in literature. Our finding could be useful in future finer-grained investigation of PTSD mechanism and in the development of new treatments for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Xiwei Tang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Grace Kim
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Chantel L Martin
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | - Annie Qu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
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10
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Radell ML, Hamza EA, Moustafa AA. Depression in post-traumatic stress disorder. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:703-722. [PMID: 32866132 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms commonly occur after trauma-exposure, both alone and in combination with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article reviews recent research on comorbidity between these disorders, including its implications for symptom severity and response to treatment. Despite considerable symptom overlap, the two disorders represent distinct constructs and depend, at least in part, on separate biological mechanisms. Both, however, are also clearly related to stress psychopathology. We recommend that more research focus specifically on the study of individual differences in symptom expression in order to identify distinct subgroups of individuals and develop targeted treatments. However, a barrier to this line of inquiry is the trend of excluding particular patients from clinical trials of new interventions based on symptom severity or comorbidity. Another obstacle is the overreliance on self-report measures in human research. We argue that developing computer-based behavioral measures in order to supplement self-report can help address this challenge. Furthermore, we propose that these measures can help tie findings from human and non-human animal research. A number of paradigms have been used to model MDD-and PTSD-like behavior in animals. These models remain valuable for understanding the biological basis of these disorders in humans and for identifying potential interventions, but they have been underused for the study of comorbidity. Although the interpretation of animal behavior remains a concern, we propose that this can also be overcome through the development of close human analogs to animal paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen L Radell
- Department of Psychology, Niagara University, Lewiston, NY, USA
| | - Eid Abo Hamza
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Education, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marcs Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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11
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Juruena MF, Gadelrab R, Cleare AJ, Young AH. Epigenetics: A missing link between early life stress and depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110231. [PMID: 33383101 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Research has suggested a relationship between early life stress, and depression in particular longer episodes of depression with treatment resistant outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms for this association remain poorly understood. Molecular studies indicate that, in general, the hereditary character of psychiatric disorders are polygenic, multifactorial and highly complex, with innumerable low-effect genetic variants interacting with each other. In addition, the importance of the environment and its interaction with genes has pointed to a fundamental role of epigenetic mechanisms in psychiatric disorders, such as methylation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), alterations, histone actions and regulation of gene expression by non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs). This article provides an overview of the interplay of epigenetics, the HPA axis, early life stress and the development of depression. Advances in our knowledge of epigenetics in the context of early life stress and depression provide a new understanding of the genetic influence on psychopathology and could lead to the identification of new targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Juruena
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), UK.
| | | | - Anthony J Cleare
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), UK
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), UK
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12
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Pappalardo XG, Barra V. Losing DNA methylation at repetitive elements and breaking bad. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:25. [PMID: 34082816 PMCID: PMC8173753 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is an epigenetic chromatin mark that allows heterochromatin formation and gene silencing. It has a fundamental role in preserving genome stability (including chromosome stability) by controlling both gene expression and chromatin structure. Therefore, the onset of an incorrect pattern of DNA methylation is potentially dangerous for the cells. This is particularly important with respect to repetitive elements, which constitute the third of the human genome. Main body Repetitive sequences are involved in several cell processes, however, due to their intrinsic nature, they can be a source of genome instability. Thus, most repetitive elements are usually methylated to maintain a heterochromatic, repressed state. Notably, there is increasing evidence showing that repetitive elements (satellites, long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), Alus) are frequently hypomethylated in various of human pathologies, from cancer to psychiatric disorders. Repetitive sequences’ hypomethylation correlates with chromatin relaxation and unscheduled transcription. If these alterations are directly involved in human diseases aetiology and how, is still under investigation. Conclusions Hypomethylation of different families of repetitive sequences is recurrent in many different human diseases, suggesting that the methylation status of these elements can be involved in preservation of human health. This provides a promising point of view towards the research of therapeutic strategies focused on specifically tuning DNA methylation of DNA repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xena Giada Pappalardo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy.,National Council of Research, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), Unit of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Viviana Barra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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13
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Williams BW, Welindt D, Hafferty FW, Stumps A, Flanders P, Williams MV. Adverse Childhood Experiences in Trainees and Physicians With Professionalism Lapses: Implications for Medical Education and Remediation. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2021; 96:736-743. [PMID: 32520753 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Unprofessional behavior, which can include failure to engage, dishonest and/or disrespectful behavior, and poor self-awareness, can be demonstrated by medical trainees and practicing physicians. In the authors' experience, these types of behaviors are associated with exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Given this overlap, the authors studied the percentage of ACEs among trainees and physicians referred for fitness-for-duty evaluations and patterns between the types of ACEs experienced and the reason for referral. METHOD A final sample of 123 cases of U.S. trainees and physicians who had been referred to a Midwestern center for assessment and/or remediation of professionalism issues from 2013 to 2018 was created. Included professionalism lapses fell within 3 categories: boundary violation, disruptive behavior, or potential substance use disorder concerns. All participants completed a psychosocial developmental interview, which includes questions about ACE exposure. Overall rate of reported ACEs and types of ACEs reported were explored. RESULTS Eighty-six (70%) participants reported at least 1 ACE, while 27 (22%) reported 4 or more. Compared with national data, these results show significantly higher occurrence rates of 1 or more ACEs and a lower occurrence rate of 0 ACEs. ACEs that predicted reasons for referral were physical or sexual abuse, feeling unwanted or unloved, witnessing abuse of their mother or stepmother, or caretaker substance use. CONCLUSIONS In this sample, ACE exposure was associated with professionalism issues. Remediating individuals with professionalism issues and exposure to ACEs can be complicated by heightened responses to stressful stimuli, difficulties with collaboration and trust, and decreased self-efficacy. Adoption of a trauma-informed medical education approach may help those that have been impacted by trauma rebuild a sense of control and empowerment. The findings of this study may be useful predictors in identifying those at risk of problematic behavior and recidivism before a sentinel event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy White Williams
- B.W. Williams is clinical program director, Professional Renewal Center, Lawrence, Kansas, and clinical associate professor, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Dillon Welindt
- D. Welindt is research assistant, Wales Behavioral Assessment and Professional Renewal Center, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Frederic W Hafferty
- F.W. Hafferty is professor of medical education, Program in Professionalism and Values, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anna Stumps
- A. Stumps is an intern, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Neurorehabilitation Lab, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Philip Flanders
- P. Flanders is clinical psychologist, Professional Renewal Center, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Michael V Williams
- M.V. Williams is principal, Wales Behavioral Assessment, Lawrence, Kansas
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14
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Child maltreatment, cognitive functions and the mediating role of mental health problems among maltreated children and adolescents in Uganda. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:22. [PMID: 33941232 PMCID: PMC8091686 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment poses high risks to the mental health and cognitive functioning of children not only in childhood but also in later life. However, it remains unclear whether child maltreatment is directly associated with impaired cognitive functioning or whether this link is mediated by mental health problems. Our study aimed at examining this research question among children and adolescents in Uganda. METHODS A sample of 232 school-going children and adolescents with a mean age of 14.03 (SD = 3.25) was assessed on multiple forms of maltreatment using the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology Exposure-Pediatric Version (pediMACE). Executive functions were assessed by the Tower of London task and working memory by the Corsi Block Tapping task, while mental health problems were assessed using the Child PTSD Symptom Scale for PTSD and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). RESULTS In total, 232 (100%) of the participant reported to have experienced at least one type of maltreatment in their lifetime including emotional, physical, and sexual violence as well as neglect. We found a negative association between child maltreatment and executive functions (β = - 0.487, p < 0.001) and working memory (β = - 0.242, p = 0.001). Mental health problems did not mediate this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Child maltreatment seems to be related to lower working memory and executive functioning of affected children and adolescents even after controlling for potential cofounders. Our study indicates that child maltreatment the affects children's cognitive functionality beyond health and well-being.
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15
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Fan Z, Chen J, Li L, Wang H, Gong X, Xu H, Wu L, Yan C. Environmental enrichment modulates HPA axis reprogramming in adult male rats exposed to early adolescent stress. Neurosci Res 2021; 172:63-72. [PMID: 33901553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to early stressful events increases susceptibility to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood, in which the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a crucial role. Studies have found that environmental enrichment (EE) mitigates the detrimental outcomes of early adversity. However, the HPA-related mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we used the single prolonged stress (SPS) paradigm to explore the long-term effects of early adolescent stress on behavior, HPA axis activity, as well as expression levels of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRF1R) and CRF2R in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Meanwhile, the protective effects of EE intervention were examined. We found that adult male rats exposed to adolescent stress showed reduced locomotor activity, increased anxiety-like behaviors, enhanced contextual fear memory, elevated basal plasma ACTH levels, and enhanced HPA negative feedback inhibition, as indicated by decreased plasma ACTH levels in the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Furthermore, EE normalized the behavioral abnormalities and enhanced HPA negative feedback in stressed rats, possibly through down-regulating GR expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. These findings suggested that EE could ameliorate adolescent stress-induced PTSD-like behaviors and aberrant reprogramming of the HPA axis, reducing the risk of developing PTSD in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Fan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Li
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiayu Gong
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanfang Xu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Can Yan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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16
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Sun H, Zhang X, Kong Y, Gou L, Lian B, Wang Y, Jiang L, Li Q, Sun H, Sun L. Maternal Separation-Induced Histone Acetylation Correlates with BDNF-Programmed Synaptic Changes in an Animal Model of PTSD with Sex Differences. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1738-1754. [PMID: 33245480 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) causes long-lasting epigenetic changes in the brain and increases vulnerability to traumatic events in adulthood. Of interest, there may be sex-specific differences in these epigenetic changes. In this study, the extent of histone acetylation in the hippocampus (HIP) and the expression of BDNF were measured to determine whether BDNF influences risk of PTSD following MS in early life. Rat offspring were separated from their dams (3 h/day or 6 h/day from PND2~PND14). Then, pups were treated with a single prolonged stress (SPS) procedure when they reached adulthood (PND80). In animals stressed with the SPS procedure in adulthood, those that had increased MS intensity in childhood demonstrated more significant changes in performance on tests of anxiety, depression, and contextual fear memory. Reduced levels of total BDNF mRNA and protein were observed after SPS treatment and further declined in groups with greater MS time in childhood. Interestingly, these changes were correlated with decreased H3K9ac levels and increased HDAC2 levels. Additional MS also led to more severe ultrastructural synaptic damage in rats that experienced the SPS procedure, particularly in the CA1 and CA3 region of the HIP, reflecting impaired synaptic plasticity in these regions. Interestingly, male rats in the MS3h-PTSD group showed decreased anxiety, but no similar changes were found in female rats, suggesting a degree of gender specificity in coping with stress after mild MS. In summary, this study suggests that the epigenetic signatures of the BDNF genes can be linked to HIP responses to stress, providing insights that may be relevant for people at risk of stress-related psychopathologies.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/ultrastructure
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/ultrastructure
- Corticosterone/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Elevated Plus Maze Test
- Fear
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Histone Deacetylase 2/genetics
- Histone Deacetylase 2/metabolism
- Histones/metabolism
- Immobilization
- Male
- Maternal Deprivation
- Open Field Test
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Regression Analysis
- Sex Characteristics
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/blood
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/blood
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Swimming
- Synapses/metabolism
- Synapses/ultrastructure
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqiang Zhang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Kong
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Gou
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Lian
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- Cerebral Center, Sunshine Union Hospital, 9000# Yingqian Street, Weifang, 261205, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Reproduction Growth and Development, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Raabe FJ, Slapakova L, Rossner MJ, Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Simons M, Falkai PG, Schmitt A. Oligodendrocytes as A New Therapeutic Target in Schizophrenia: From Histopathological Findings to Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interaction. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121496. [PMID: 31771166 PMCID: PMC6952785 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging and postmortem studies have revealed disturbed oligodendroglia-related processes in patients with schizophrenia and provided much evidence for disturbed myelination, irregular gene expression, and altered numbers of oligodendrocytes in the brains of schizophrenia patients. Oligodendrocyte deficits in schizophrenia might be a result of failed maturation and disturbed regeneration and may underlie the cognitive deficits of the disease, which are strongly associated with impaired long-term outcome. Cognition depends on the coordinated activity of neurons and interneurons and intact connectivity. Oligodendrocyte precursors form a synaptic network with parvalbuminergic interneurons, and disturbed crosstalk between these cells may be a cellular basis of pathology in schizophrenia. However, very little is known about the exact axon-glial cellular and molecular processes that may be disturbed in schizophrenia. Until now, investigations were restricted to peripheral tissues, such as blood, correlative imaging studies, genetics, and molecular and histological analyses of postmortem brain samples. The advent of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) will enable functional analysis in patient-derived living cells and holds great potential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of disturbed oligodendroglial function in schizophrenia. Targeting such mechanisms may contribute to new treatment strategies for previously treatment-resistant cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J. Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.J.R.); (L.S.); (P.G.F.)
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Kraepelinstr, 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Lenka Slapakova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.J.R.); (L.S.); (P.G.F.)
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Kraepelinstr, 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.C.-C.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.C.-C.); (M.S.)
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter G. Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.J.R.); (L.S.); (P.G.F.)
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.J.R.); (L.S.); (P.G.F.)
- Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, 05453-010 São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)89-4400-52761; Fax: +49-(0)89-4400-55530
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18
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Terock J, Hannemann A, Janowitz D, Van der Auwera S, Bahls M, Völzke H, Grabe HJ. Differential activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system in response to childhood and adulthood trauma. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:232-240. [PMID: 31174161 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous evidence suggested lasting and cumulative effects of traumatization on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS). However, it is unclear whether traumas during childhood and those experienced in adulthood differentially impact the RAAS. In this study, we sought to investigate main and putative interactive effects of childhood and adulthood trauma on RAAS functioning. METHODS Plasma concentrations of renin and aldosterone were measured in a general population sample (n = 2016). Childhood trauma was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), adulthood trauma was measured using the PTSD module of the Structured Clinical Interview of the DSM-IV. Linear regression models were calculated to assess the relations between childhood or adulthood traumatization with renin and aldosterone concentrations. RESULTS Exposure to (ß = 0.094; p = 0.01), severity of childhood trauma (ß = 0.004; p = 0.01) were associated with increased aldosterone, but not renin levels. Results were carried by all dimensions of abuse, while childhood neglect was not associated with altered RAAS activity. In contrast, adulthood traumas (ß = 0.113; p < 0.01) were significantly associated with increased renin concentrations. Subjects with PTSD (renin: ß = 0.345; p = 0.01; aldosterone: ß = 0.232; p = 0.04) and those who had been exposed to both childhood and adulthood trauma showed increases in renin (ß = 0.180; p < 0.01) and aldosterone (ß = 0.340; p < 0.01) levels. DISCUSSION These findings indicate that trauma is associated with differential alterations of the RAAS depending on the time of traumatization. Moreover, exposure to childhood or adulthood trauma may act synergistically on the RAAS, resulting in severe dysregulation of the RAAS. The results contribute to explain associations between trauma and enhanced risk for physical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Terock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany.
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/ Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/ Greifswald, Germany
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Snijders C, de Nijs L, Baker DG, Hauger RL, van den Hove D, Kenis G, Nievergelt CM, Boks MP, Vermetten E, Gage FH, Rutten BPF. MicroRNAs in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 38:23-46. [PMID: 29063484 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2017_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can develop following exposure to or witnessing of a (potentially) threatening event. A critical issue is to pinpoint the (neuro)biological mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to stress-related disorder such as PTSD, which develops in the minority of ~15% of individuals exposed to trauma. Over the last few years, a first wave of epigenetic studies has been performed in an attempt to identify the molecular underpinnings of the long-lasting behavioral and mental effects of trauma exposure. The potential roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) in moderating or mediating the impact of severe stress and trauma are increasingly gaining attention. To date, most studies focusing on the roles of miRNAs in PTSD have, however, been completed in animals, using cross-sectional study designs and focusing almost exclusively on subjects with susceptible phenotypes. Therefore, there is a strong need for new research comprising translational and cross-species approaches that use longitudinal designs for studying trajectories of change contrasting susceptible and resilient subjects. The present review offers a comprehensive overview of available studies of miRNAs in PTSD and discusses the current challenges, pitfalls, and future perspectives of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Snijders
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, (EURON), Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence de Nijs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, (EURON), Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Richard L Hauger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, (EURON), Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, (EURON), Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marco P Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Vermetten
- Military Mental Health Research Center, Ministry of Defense, P.O. Box 90000, Utrecht, 3509 AA, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Arq Psychotrauma Research Group, Diemen, 1112 XE, The Netherlands
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, (EURON), Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
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Prasad A, Chaichi A, Kelley DP, Francis J, Gartia MR. Current and future functional imaging techniques for post-traumatic stress disorder. RSC Adv 2019; 9:24568-24594. [PMID: 35527877 PMCID: PMC9069787 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma and stressor related psychiatric disorder associated with structural, metabolic, and molecular alternations in several brain regions including diverse cortical areas, neuroendocrine regions, the striatum, dopaminergic, adrenergic and serotonergic pathways, and the limbic system. We are in critical need of novel therapeutics and biomarkers for PTSD and a deep understanding of cutting edge imaging and spectroscopy methods is necessary for the development of promising new approaches to better diagnose and treat the disorder. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) criterion, all forms of traumatic stress-induced disorder are considered acute stress disorder for the first month following the stressor. Only after symptoms do not remit for one month can the disorder be deemed PTSD. It would be particularly useful to differentiate between acute stress disorder and PTSD during the one month waiting period so that more intensive treatments can be applied early on to patients with a high likelihood of developing PTSD. This would potentially enhance treatment outcomes and/or prevent the development of PTSD. Comprehension of the qualities and limitations of currently applied methods as well as the novel emerging techniques provide invaluable knowledge for fast paced development. Conventional methods of studying PTSD have proven to be insufficient for diagnosis, measurement of treatment efficacy, and monitoring disease progression. As the field currently stands, there is no diagnostic biomarker available for any psychiatric disease, PTSD included. Currently, emerging and available technologies are not utilized to their full capacity and in appropriate experimental designs for the most fruitful possible studies in this area. Therefore, there is an apparent need for improved methods in PTSD research. This review demonstrates the current state of the literature in PTSD, including molecular, cellular, and behavioral indicators, possible biomarkers and clinical and pre-clinical imaging techniques relevant to PTSD, and through this, elucidate the void of current practical imaging and spectroscopy methods that provide true biomarkers for the disorder and the significance of devising new techniques for future investigations. We are unlikely to develop a single biomarker for any psychiatric disorder however. As psychiatric disorders are incomparably complex compared to other medical diagnoses, its most likely that transcriptomic, metabolomic and structural and connectomic imaging data will have to be analyzed in concert in order to produce a dependable non-behavioral marker of PTSD. This can explain the necessity of bridging conventional approaches to novel technologies in order to create a framework for further discoveries in the treatment of PTSD. Conventional methods of studying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have proven to be insufficient for diagnosis. We have reviewed clinical and preclinical imaging techniques as well as molecular, cellular, and behavioral indicators for PTSD.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Prasad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Ardalan Chaichi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - D. Parker Kelley
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Joseph Francis
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
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21
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Studying and modulating schizophrenia-associated dysfunctions of oligodendrocytes with patient-specific cell systems. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2018; 4:23. [PMID: 30451850 PMCID: PMC6242875 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-018-0066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem studies in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) have revealed deficits in myelination, abnormalities in myelin gene expression and altered numbers of oligodendrocytes in the brain. However, gaining mechanistic insight into oligodendrocyte (OL) dysfunction and its contribution to SCZ has been challenging because of technical hurdles. The advent of individual patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), combined with the generation of in principle any neuronal and glial cell type, including OLs and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), holds great potential for understanding the molecular basis of the aetiopathogenesis of genetically complex psychiatric diseases such as SCZ and could pave the way towards personalized medicine. The development of neuronal and glial co-culture systems now appears to enable the in vitro study of SCZ-relevant neurobiological endophenotypes, including OL dysfunction and myelination, with unprecedented construct validity. Nonetheless, the meaningful stratification of patients before the subsequent functional analyses of patient-derived cell systems still represents an important bottleneck. Here, to improve the predictive power of ex vivo disease modelling we propose using hiPSC technology to focus on representatives of patient subgroups stratified for genomic and/or phenomic features and neurobiological cell systems. Therefore, this review will outline the evidence for the involvement of OPCs/OLs in SCZ in the context of their proposed functions, including myelination and axon support, the implications for hiPSC-based cellular disease modelling and potential strategies for patient selection.
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22
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Makhathini KB, Mabandla MV, Daniels WMU. Rosmarinic acid reverses the deleterious effects of repetitive stress and tat protein. Behav Brain Res 2018; 353:203-209. [PMID: 30029998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) has infected more than 40 million people worldwide and is associated with central nervous system (CNS) disruption in at least 30% of these persons. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced the systemic immunopathology associated with HIV, but the occurrence of neurological disorders continues to be reported in notable numbers. The present study evaluated the potential of rosmarinic acid to reverse the detrimental effects of an intracerebral injection of the viral protein tat. Control and tat-injected rats were also subjected to repetitive restrain stress (RRS) for 28 days, 6 h per day, to investigate whether subsequent stress exposure would worsen the effects of tat. 14 days after the initiation of RRS, animals were treated with rosmarinic acid (10 mg/kg given intraperitoneally) daily until the end of the stress exposure period. We assessed locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavioral changes. We also measured plasma corticosterone levels and quantified the expression of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR), glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Rosmarinic acid attenuated anxiety-like behavior induced by tat and stress, reduced plasma corticosterone levels and increased the expression of hippocampal GR, MR and BDNF when compared to controls. These results suggest that rosmarinic acid may reverse the anxiogenic effect of HIV-1 viral protein tat and related stress through modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hippocampal neurotrophic factor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayelihle B Makhathini
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Musa V Mabandla
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - William M U Daniels
- School of Phyisiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Makhathini KB, Abboussi O, Stein DJ, Mabandla MV, Daniels WM. Repetitive stress leads to impaired cognitive function that is associated with DNA hypomethylation, reduced BDNF and a dysregulated HPA axis. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 60:63-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khayelihle B. Makhathini
- Department of Human PhysiologyCollege of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐ NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Oualid Abboussi
- Department of Human PhysiologyCollege of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐ NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Musa V. Mabandla
- Department of Human PhysiologyCollege of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐ NatalDurbanSouth Africa
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24
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Prenatal loss of father during World War One is predictive of a reduced lifespan in adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4201-4206. [PMID: 28377521 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617911114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although early-life stress is known to alter health, its long-term consequences on mortality remain largely unknown. Thanks to unique French legislation established in 1917 for war orphans and children of disabled soldiers, we were able to study the adult mortality of individuals born in 1914-1916 whose fathers were killed during World War 1. Vital information and socio-demographic characteristics were extracted manually from historical civil registers for 5,671 children born between 1 August 1914 and 31 December 1916 who were granted the status of "pupille de la Nation" (orphan of the Nation). We used a database comprising 1.4 million deceased soldiers to identify war orphans and collect information on their fathers and then paired each orphan with a nonorphan from the same birth register matched for date of birth, sex, and mother's age at the infant's birth. Mortality between ages 31 and 99 y was analyzed for 2,365 orphan/nonorphan pairs. The mean loss of adult lifespan of orphans who had lost their father before birth was 2.4 y (95% CI: 0.7, 3.9 y) and was the result of increased mortality before age 65 y. Adult lifespan was not reduced when the father's death occurred after the infant's birth. These results support the notion that intrauterine exposure to a major psychological maternal stress can affect human longevity.
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Prediction of Possible Biomarkers and Novel Pathways Conferring Risk to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168404. [PMID: 27997584 PMCID: PMC5172609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the common mental ailments that is triggered by exposure to traumatic events. Till date, the molecular factors conferring risk to the development of PTSD is not well understood. In this study, we have conducted a meta-analysis followed by hierarchical clustering and functional enrichment, to uncover the potential molecular networks and critical genes which play an important role in PTSD. Two datasets of expression profiles from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from 62 control samples and 63 PTSD samples were included in our study. In PTSD samples of GSE860 dataset, we identified 26 genes informative when compared with Post-deploy PTSD condition and 58 genes informative when compared with Pre-deploy and Post-deploy PTSD of GSE63878 dataset. We conducted the meta-analysis using Fisher, roP, Stouffer, AW, SR, PR and RP methods in MetaDE package. Results from the rOP method of MetaDE package showed that among these genes, the following showed significant changes including, OR2B6, SOX21, MOBP, IL15, PTPRK, PPBPP2 and SEC14L5. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of these significant PTSD-related genes for cell proliferation, DNA damage and repair (p-value ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, interaction network analysis was performed on these 7 significant genes. This analysis revealed highly connected functional interaction networks with two candidate genes, IL15 and SEC14L5 highly enriched in networks. Overall, from these results, we concluded that these genes can be recommended as some of the potential targets for PTSD.
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26
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Role of glutamate receptors and glial cells in the pathophysiology of treatment-resistant depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 70:117-26. [PMID: 27046518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) causes substantial socioeconomic burden. Although a consensus on the definition of TRD has not yet been reached, it is certain that classic monoaminergic antidepressants are ineffective for TRD. One decade ago, many researchers found ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, to be an alternative to classic monoaminergic antidepressants. The major mechanisms of action of ketamine rapidly induce synaptogenesis in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway. Although excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission and consequent excitotoxicity were considered a major cause of TRD, recent evidence suggests that the extrasynaptic glutamatergic receptor signal pathway mainly contributes to the detrimental effects of TRD. Glial cells such as microglia and astrocytes, early life adversity, and glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction participate in complex cross-talk. An appropriate reuptake of glutamate at the astrocyte is crucial for preventing 'spill-over' of synaptic glutamate and binding to the extrasynaptic NMDA receptor. Excessive microglial activation and the inflammatory process cause astrocyte glutamatergic dysfunction, which in turn activates microglial function. Early life adversity and glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction result in vulnerability to stress in adulthood. A maladaptive response to stress leads to increased glutamatergic release and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which then activate microglia. However, since the role of inflammatory mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines is not specific for depression, more disease-specific mechanisms should be identified. Last, although much research has focused on ketamine as an alternative antidepressant for TRD, its long-lasting effectiveness and adverse events have not been rigorously demonstrated. Additionally, evidence suggests that substantial brain abnormalities develop in ketamine abusers. Thus, more investigations for ketamine and other novel glutamatergic agents are needed.
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Parano E, Pappalardo XG, Pavone P, Ruggieri M, Cavallaro S. Child Abuse Syndrome (CAS): A Newly Recognized Distinct Entity. Open Neurol J 2016; 10:30-1. [PMID: 27499819 PMCID: PMC4951780 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x01610010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Parano
- Institute of Neurological Science, Functional Genomics Center, National Research Council (CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Xena Giada Pappalardo
- Institute of Neurological Science, Functional Genomics Center, National Research Council (CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Piero Pavone
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency "C. Gravina", University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Martino Ruggieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute of Neurological Science, Functional Genomics Center, National Research Council (CNR), Catania, Italy
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28
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Rein T. FK506 binding protein 51 integrates pathways of adaptation: FKBP51 shapes the reactivity to environmental change. Bioessays 2016; 38:894-902. [PMID: 27374865 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review portraits FK506 binding protein (FKBP) 51 as "reactivity protein" and collates recent publications to develop the concept of FKBP51 as contributor to different levels of adaptation. Adaptation is a fundamental process that enables unicellular and multicellular organisms to adjust their molecular circuits and structural conditions in reaction to environmental changes threatening their homeostasis. FKBP51 is known as chaperone and co-chaperone of heat shock protein (HSP) 90, thus involved in processes ensuring correct protein folding in response to proteotoxic stress. In mammals, FKBP51 both shapes the stress response and is calibrated by the stress levels through an ultrashort molecular feedback loop. More recently, it has been linked to several intracellular pathways related to the reactivity to drug exposure and stress. Through its role in autophagy and DNA methylation in particular it influences adaptive pathways, possibly also in a transgenerational fashion. Also see the video abstract here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Science in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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29
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Waltes R, Chiocchetti AG, Freitag CM. The neurobiological basis of human aggression: A review on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:650-75. [PMID: 26494515 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aggression is an evolutionary conserved behavior present in most species including humans. Inadequate aggression can lead to long-term detrimental personal and societal effects. Here, we differentiate between proactive and reactive forms of aggression and review the genetic determinants of it. Heritability estimates of aggression in general vary between studies due to differing assessment instruments for aggressive behavior (AB) as well as age and gender of study participants. In addition, especially non-shared environmental factors shape AB. Current hypotheses suggest that environmental effects such as early life stress or chronic psychosocial risk factors (e.g., maltreatment) and variation in genes related to neuroendocrine, dopaminergic as well as serotonergic systems increase the risk to develop AB. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the genetics of human aggression based on twin studies, genetic association studies, animal models, and epigenetic analyses with the aim to differentiate between mechanisms associated with proactive or reactive aggression. We hypothesize that from a genetic perspective, the aminergic systems are likely to regulate both reactive and proactive aggression, whereas the endocrine pathways seem to be more involved in regulation of reactive aggression through modulation of impulsivity. Epigenetic studies on aggression have associated non-genetic risk factors with modifications of the stress response and the immune system. Finally, we point to the urgent need for further genome-wide analyses and the integration of genetic and epigenetic information to understand individual differences in reactive and proactive AB. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Waltes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas G Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Theilmann W, Kleimann A, Rhein M, Bleich S, Frieling H, Löscher W, Brandt C. Behavioral differences of male Wistar rats from different vendors in vulnerability and resilience to chronic mild stress are reflected in epigenetic regulation and expression of p11. Brain Res 2016; 1642:505-515. [PMID: 27103570 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Outbred rat lines such as Wistar rats are commonly used for models of depressive disorders. Such rats arise from random mating schedules. Hence, genetic drift occurs in outbred populations which could lead to genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity between rats from different vendors. Additionally, vendor specific rearing conditions could contribute to intrastrain variability. In the present study differences in behavioral responses to the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression within Wistar rat strains from different vendors are described. DNA methylation studies and mRNA expression analysis of p11 revealed that the behavioral differences between the substrains are reflected at the epigenetic and genetic level. The results suggest that there are breeder-dependent differences in vulnerability to stress in the CMS model of depression, which might bear on the validity of the model and contribute to contradictory findings and difficulties of replication between laboratories. P11 mRNA expression seems to be differently regulated depending on the quality of the stress response evoked by CMS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Theilmann
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kleimann
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Brandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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O’ Mahony SM, Stilling RM, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. The microbiome and childhood diseases: Focus on brain-gut axis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 105:296-313. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhain M. O’ Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology; APC Microbiome Institute; Cork Ireland
| | - Roman M. Stilling
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology; APC Microbiome Institute; Cork Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology; APC Microbiome Institute; Cork Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology; APC Microbiome Institute; Cork Ireland
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Gassen NC, Fries GR, Zannas AS, Hartmann J, Zschocke J, Hafner K, Carrillo-Roa T, Steinbacher J, Preißinger SN, Hoeijmakers L, Knop M, Weber F, Kloiber S, Lucae S, Chrousos GP, Carell T, Ising M, Binder EB, Schmidt MV, Rüegg J, Rein T. Chaperoning epigenetics: FKBP51 decreases the activity of DNMT1 and mediates epigenetic effects of the antidepressant paroxetine. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra119. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Duckworth RA. Neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying behavioral stability: implications for the evolutionary origin of personality. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1360:54-74. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renée A. Duckworth
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona
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Hoffmann A, Zimmermann CA, Spengler D. Molecular epigenetic switches in neurodevelopment in health and disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:120. [PMID: 26029068 PMCID: PMC4429584 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms encode information above and beyond DNA sequence and play a critical role in brain development and the long-lived effects of environmental cues on the pre- and postnatal brain. Switch-like, rather than graded changes, illustrate par excellence how epigenetic events perpetuate altered activity states in the absence of the initial cue. They occur from early neural development to maturation and can give rise to distinct diseases upon deregulation. Many neurodevelopmental genes harbor bivalently marked chromatin domains, states of balanced inhibition, which guide dynamic “ON or OFF” decisions once the balance is tilted in response to developmental or environmental cues. Examples discussed in this review include neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC) into progenitors and beyond, activation of Kiss1 at puberty onset, and early experience-dependent programming of Avp, a major stress gene. At the genome-scale, genomic imprinting can be epigenetically switched on or off at select genes in a tightly controlled temporospatial manner and provides a versatile mechanism for dosage regulation of genes with important roles in stem cell quiescence or differentiation. Moreover, retrotransposition in neural progenitors provides an intriguing example of an epigenetic-like switch, which is stimulated by bivalently marked neurodevelopmental genes and possibly results in increased genomic flexibility regarding unprecedented challenge. Overall, we propose that molecular epigenetic switches illuminate the catalyzing function of epigenetic mechanisms in guiding dynamic changes in gene expression underpinning robust transitions in cellular and organismal phenotypes as well as in the mediation between dynamically changing environments and the static genetic blueprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hoffmann
- Translational Research, Max Planck Society, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christoph A Zimmermann
- Translational Research, Max Planck Society, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Dietmar Spengler
- Translational Research, Max Planck Society, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich, Bavaria, Germany
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Asaoka N, Nagayasu K, Nishitani N, Yamashiro M, Shirakawa H, Nakagawa T, Kaneko S. Inhibition of histone deacetylases enhances the function of serotoninergic neurons in organotypic raphe slice cultures. Neurosci Lett 2015; 593:72-7. [PMID: 25796177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is a promising approach for the treatment of mood disorders. However, the effects of HDAC inhibition on the serotonin (5-HT) system, a common target for psychiatric disorders, are poorly understood. Here, we show that a broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), enhances the function of 5-HT neurons in organotypic raphe slice cultures. Sustained treatment with TSA (1μM) for 2 or 4 days significantly increased the 5-HT tissue content and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) expression, which were accompanied by hyper-acetylation of histone H3 in the promoter region of the TPH2 gene. TSA treatment for 4 days increased the extracellular 5-HT level, which was significantly suppressed in the presence of the selective AMPA receptor (AMPAR) antagonist NBQX. Moreover, the expression of both the AMPAR subunit GluA2 and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II α (CaMKIIα) mRNAs were significantly increased by TSA treatment. Co-treatment with the CaMKII inhibitors KN-62 and KN-93 prevented the TSA-induced increase in 5-HT release, but had no effect on the increases in 5-HT tissue content. These results suggest that inhibition of HDACs increases 5-HT synthesis and release by epigenetic mechanisms, and that 5-HT release is mediated by the enhancement of AMPAR-mediated excitatory inputs and CaMKII signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Asaoka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Drug Innovation Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Zimmermann CA, Hoffmann A, Raabe F, Spengler D. Role of mecp2 in experience-dependent epigenetic programming. Genes (Basel) 2015; 6:60-86. [PMID: 25756305 PMCID: PMC4377834 DOI: 10.3390/genes6010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2, the founding member of a family of proteins recognizing and binding to methylated DNA, are the genetic cause of a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder in humans, called Rett syndrome. Available evidence suggests that MECP2 protein has a critical role in activity-dependent neuronal plasticity and transcription during brain development. Moreover, recent studies in mice show that various posttranslational modifications, notably phosphorylation, regulate Mecp2’s functions in learning and memory, drug addiction, depression-like behavior, and the response to antidepressant treatment. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis drives the stress response and its deregulation increases the risk for a variety of mental disorders. Early-life stress (ELS) typically results in sustained HPA-axis deregulation and is a major risk factor for stress related diseases, in particular major depression. Interestingly, Mecp2 protein has been shown to contribute to ELS-dependent epigenetic programming of Crh, Avp, and Pomc, all of these genes enhance HPA-axis activity. Hereby ELS regulates Mecp2 phosphorylation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activities in a tissue-specific and temporospatial manner. Overall, these findings suggest MECP2 proteins are so far underestimated and have a more dynamic role in the mediation of the gene-environment dialog and epigenetic programming of the neuroendocrine stress system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Zimmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Translational Research, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich 80804, Germany.
| | - Anke Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Translational Research, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich 80804, Germany.
| | - Florian Raabe
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Translational Research, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich 80804, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Spengler
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Translational Research, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich 80804, Germany.
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Cunliffe VT. Experience-sensitive epigenetic mechanisms, developmental plasticity, and the biological embedding of chronic disease risk. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 7:53-71. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent T. Cunliffe
- Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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38
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Wosu AC, Gelaye B, Williams MA. Childhood sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder among pregnant and postpartum women: review of the literature. Arch Womens Ment Health 2015; 18:61-72. [PMID: 25380784 PMCID: PMC4308508 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-014-0482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this review are (i) to summarize and evaluate current knowledge on the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in pregnant and postpartum women, (ii) to provide suggestions for future research on this topic, and (iii) to highlight some clinical implications. Relevant publications were identified through literature searches of four databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES) using keywords such as "child abuse," "posttraumatic stress," "pregnancy," and "postpartum". Five studies were included in this review. Findings across all studies were consistent with higher prevalence of PTSD diagnosis or symptomatology among women with history of CSA. However, only findings from two studies were statistically significant. One study observed higher overall PTSD scores in women with CSA history compared to women with non-CSA trauma history or no trauma history during pregnancy (mean ± SD 1.47 (0.51) vs. 1.33 (0.41) vs. 1.22 (0.29), p < 0.001), at 2 months postpartum (mean ± SD 1.43 (0.49) vs. 1.26 (0.38) vs. 1.19 (0.35), p < 0.001), and at 6 months postpartum (mean ± SD 1.36 (1.43) vs. 1.20 (0.33) vs. 1.14 (0.27), p < 0.001). Another study observed that the prevalence of PTSD during pregnancy was 4.1 % in women with no history of physical or sexual abuse, 11.4 % in women with adult physical or sexual abuse history, 16.0 % in women with childhood physical or sexual abuse history, and 39.0 % in women exposed to both childhood and adult physical or sexual abuse (p < 0.001); in a subsequent analysis, the investigators reported that pregnant women with PTSD had over 5-fold odds of having a history of childhood completed rape compared to counterparts without PTSD (OR = 5.3, 95 % CI 3.2, 8.7). Overall, available evidence suggests positive associations of CSA with clinical PTSD or PTSD symptomatology among pregnant and postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaeze C. Wosu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle A. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Alvarez P, Levine JD, Green PG. Neonatal handling (resilience) attenuates water-avoidance stress induced enhancement of chronic mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat. Neurosci Lett 2015; 591:207-211. [PMID: 25637700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is well known to exacerbate pain. We tested the hypothesis that neonatal handling, which induces resilience to the negative impact of stress by increasing the quality and quantity of maternal care, attenuates the mechanical hyperalgesia produced by water-avoidance stress in the adult rat. Neonatal male rats underwent the handling protocol on postnatal days 2-9, weaned at 21 days and tested for muscle mechanical nociceptive threshold at postnatal days 50-75. Decrease in mechanical nociceptive threshold in skeletal muscle in adult rats, produced by exposure to water-avoidance stress, was significantly attenuated by neonatal handling. Neonatal handling also attenuated the mechanical hyperalgesia produced by intramuscular administration of the pronociceptive inflammatory mediator, prostaglandin E2 in rats exposed as adults to water-avoidance stress. Neonatal handling, which induces a smaller corticosterone response in adult rats exposed to a stressor as well as changes in central nervous system neurotransmitter systems, attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia produced by water-avoidance stress and enhanced prostaglandin hyperalgesia in adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alvarez
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Division of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Division of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Paul G Green
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Division of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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40
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Babb JA, Deligiannidis KM, Murgatroyd CA, Nephew BC. Peripartum depression and anxiety as an integrative cross domain target for psychiatric preventative measures. Behav Brain Res 2015; 276:32-44. [PMID: 24709228 PMCID: PMC4185260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of early life stress has been identified as a potent risk factor for neurodevelopmental delays in infants, behavioral problems and autism in children, but also for several psychiatric illnesses in adulthood, such as depression, anxiety, autism, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite having robust adverse effects on both mother and infant, the pathophysiology of peripartum depression and anxiety are poorly understood. The objective of this review is to highlight the advantages of using an integrated approach addressing several behavioral domains in both animal and clinical studies of peripartum depression and anxiety. It is postulated that a greater focus on integrated cross domain studies will lead to advances in treatments and preventative measures for several disorders associated with peripartum depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Babb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| | - Kristina M Deligiannidis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | | | - Benjamin C Nephew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
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41
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Dwivedi Y. Emerging role of microRNAs in major depressive disorder: diagnosis and therapeutic implications. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014. [PMID: 24733970 PMCID: PMC3984890 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2014.16.1/ydwivedi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major public health concern. Despite tremendous advances, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with MDD are still unclear. Moreover, a significant number of MDD subjects do not respond to the currently available medication. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by modulating translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation, or stability of mRNA targets. The role of miRNAs in disease pathophysiology is emerging rapidly. Recent studies demonstrating the involvement of miRNAs in several aspects of neural plasticity, neurogenesis, and stress response, and more direct studies in human postmortem brain provide strong evidence that miRNAs can not only play a critical role in MDD pathogenesis, but can also open up new avenues for the development of therapeutic targets. Circulating miRNAs are now being considered as possible biomarkers in disease pathogenesis and in monitoring therapeutic responses because of the presence and/or release of miRNAs in blood cells as well as in other peripheral tissues. In this review, these aspects are discussed in a comprehensive and critical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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42
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Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Behav Brain Res 2014; 277:32-48. [PMID: 25078296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1123] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin functions as a key neurotransmitter at both terminals of this network. Accumulating evidence points to a critical role for the gut microbiome in regulating normal functioning of this axis. In particular, it is becoming clear that the microbial influence on tryptophan metabolism and the serotonergic system may be an important node in such regulation. There is also substantial overlap between behaviours influenced by the gut microbiota and those which rely on intact serotonergic neurotransmission. The developing serotonergic system may be vulnerable to differential microbial colonisation patterns prior to the emergence of a stable adult-like gut microbiota. At the other extreme of life, the decreased diversity and stability of the gut microbiota may dictate serotonin-related health problems in the elderly. The mechanisms underpinning this crosstalk require further elaboration but may be related to the ability of the gut microbiota to control host tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway, thereby simultaneously reducing the fraction available for serotonin synthesis and increasing the production of neuroactive metabolites. The enzymes of this pathway are immune and stress-responsive, both systems which buttress the brain-gut axis. In addition, there are neural processes in the gastrointestinal tract which can be influenced by local alterations in serotonin concentrations with subsequent relay of signals along the scaffolding of the brain-gut axis to influence CNS neurotransmission. Therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota might be a viable treatment strategy for serotonin-related brain-gut axis disorders.
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Matić G, Vojnović Milutinović D, Nestorov J, Elaković I, Manitašević Jovanović S, Elzaedi YM, Perišić T, Dunđerski J, Damjanović S, Knežević G, Špirić Ž, Vermetten E, Savić D. Mineralocorticoid receptor and heat shock protein expression levels in peripheral lymphocytes from war trauma-exposed men with and without PTSD. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:379-85. [PMID: 24355684 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the number and functional status of mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) may contribute to vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Corticosteroid receptors are chaperoned by heat shock proteins Hsp90 and Hsp70. We examined relations between corticosteroid receptor and heat shock protein expression levels, and related them with war trauma exposure, PTSD and resilience to PTSD. Relative levels of MR, Hsp90 and Hsp70 were determined by immunoblotting in lymphocytes from war trauma-exposed men with current PTSD (current PTSD group, n=113), with life-time PTSD (life-time PTSD group, n=61) and without PTSD (trauma control group, n=88), and from non-traumatized healthy controls (healthy control group, n=85). Between-group differences in MR, Hsp90 and Hsp70 levels and in MR/GR ratio were not observed. The level of MR was correlated with both Hsp90 and Hsp70 levels in trauma control and healthy control groups. On the other hand, GR level was correlated only with Hsp90 level, and this correlation was evident in current PTSD and trauma control groups. In conclusion, PTSD and exposure to trauma are not related to changes in lymphocyte MR, Hsp90 or Hsp70 levels, but may be associated with disturbances in corticosteroid receptors interaction with heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Matić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Nestorov
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Elaković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Manitašević Jovanović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Younis Mouftah Elzaedi
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Perišić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jadranka Dunđerski
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetozar Damjanović
- University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Clinical Center of Serbia, Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Knežević
- International Aid Network, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Špirić
- International Aid Network, Belgrade, Serbia; Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eric Vermetten
- Military Mental Health-Research Center, University Medical Center, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Danka Savić
- International Aid Network, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Theoretical and Condensed Matter Physics, Belgrade, Serbia
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Huang LT. Early-life stress impacts the developing hippocampus and primes seizure occurrence: cellular, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:8. [PMID: 24574961 PMCID: PMC3918912 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress includes prenatal, postnatal, and adolescence stress. Early-life stress can affect the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and cause cellular and molecular changes in the developing hippocampus that can result in neurobehavioral changes later in life. Epidemiological data implicate stress as a cause of seizures in both children and adults. Emerging evidence indicates that both prenatal and postnatal stress can prime the developing brain for seizures and an increase in epileptogenesis. This article reviews the cellular and molecular changes encountered during prenatal and postnatal stress, and assesses the possible link between these changes and increases in seizure occurrence and epileptogenesis in the developing hippocampus. In addititon, the priming effect of prenatal and postnatal stress for seizures and epileptogenesis is discussed. Finally, the roles of epigenetic modifications in hippocampus and HPA axis programming, early-life stress, and epilepsy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taiwan
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45
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Loi M, Koricka S, Lucassen PJ, Joëls M. Age- and sex-dependent effects of early life stress on hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:13. [PMID: 24600436 PMCID: PMC3929839 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress is a well-documented risk factor for the development of psychopathology in genetically predisposed individuals. As it is hard to study how early life stress impacts human brain structure and function, various animal models have been developed to address this issue. The models discussed here reveal that perinatal stress in rodents exerts lasting effects on the stress system as well as on the structure and function of the brain. One of the structural parameters strongly affected by perinatal stress is adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Based on compiled literature data, we report that postnatal stress slightly enhances neurogenesis until the onset of puberty in male rats; when animals reach adulthood, neurogenesis is reduced as a consequence of perinatal stress. By contrast, female rats show a prominent reduction in neurogenesis prior to the onset of puberty, but this effect subsides when animals reach young adulthood. We further present preliminary data that transient treatment with a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist can normalize cell proliferation in maternally deprived female rats, while the compound had no effect in non-deprived rats. Taken together, the data show that neurogenesis is affected by early life stress in an age- and sex-dependent manner and that normalization may be possible during critical stages of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manila Loi
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Manila Loi, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands e-mail:
| | - Sylwia Koricka
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences – Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marian Joëls
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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46
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Roth TL. How Traumatic Experiences Leave Their Signature on the Genome: An Overview of Epigenetic Pathways in PTSD. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:93. [PMID: 25132824 PMCID: PMC4116797 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tania L Roth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, DE , USA
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Dwivedi Y. microRNAs as Biomarker in Depression Pathogenesis. ANNALS OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2013; 1:1003. [PMID: 26894231 PMCID: PMC4755329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major health concern with alarming rates of completed suicide. Thus, it is important to understand the pathophysiology of this disorder. In addition, disturbingly high rates of relapse and low rates of recovery make it urgent not only to develop targeted treatments but to identify biomarkers that can predict treatment response for individual patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by modulating translation, mRNA degradation or stability of mRNA targets. The role of miRNAs in disease pathophysiology is emerging rapidly. Several recent studies have suggested the possible role of miRNAs in synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and stress response, all implicated in MDD. Emerging studies showthe direct role of miRNAs in the development of depression phenotype. More recently, the role of miRNAs in prognosis and treatment response is being considered for various disease pathophysiology, including MDD. The review discusses the recent studies demonstrating the role of miRNAs in MDD and whether miRNA can be used as a biomarker for MDD pathogenesis and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Dwivedi
- Corresponding author: Yogesh Dwivedi, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC711 Sparks Center, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, Tel: 01-205-975-8459, Fax: 01-205-975-8463,
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