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Novak L, Malinakova K, Trnka R, Mikoska P, Sverak T, Kiiski H, Tavel P, van Dijk JP. Neural bases of social deficits in ADHD: A systematic review. Does the Theory of Mind matter? Brain Res Bull 2024; 215:111011. [PMID: 38906229 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) causes serious interpersonal problems from childhood to adulthood, one of them being problematic social functioning. This phenomenon in ADHD should be associated with impairments in the Theory of Mind (ToM). Therefore, understanding the neural correlates of the ToM could be crucial for helping individuals with ADHD with their social functioning. Thus, we aimed to review published literature concerning neuroanatomical and functional correlates of ToM deficits in children and adolescents with ADHD. METHODS We reviewed studies published between 1970 and 2023. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, after data from three databases were collected, two authors (LN and PM) independently screened all relevant records (n=638) and consequently, both authors did the data extraction. The quality of the included studies (n=5) was measured by a modified version of The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and by measures specific for our study. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020139847). RESULTS Results indicated that impairments in performing of the ToM tasks were negatively associated with the grey matter volume in the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus in both, ADHD and control group. In EEG studies, a significantly greater electrophysiological activity during ToM tasks was observed in the, frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes in participants with ADHD as compared to healthy subjects. CONCLUSION More research is needed to explore the ToM deficits in children with ADHD. Future research might focus on the neural circuits associated with attention and inhibition, which deficits seems to contribute to the ToM deficits in children and adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Novak
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Klara Malinakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Trnka
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Prague College of Psychosocial Studies, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mikoska
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sverak
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hanni Kiiski
- Trinity Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitse P van Dijk
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Li C, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Li T, Qin R, Li L, Yuan X, Wang L, Wang X. Gray matter asymmetry alterations in children and adolescents with comorbid autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02323-4. [PMID: 38159135 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite the high coexistence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (ASD + ADHD), the underlying neurobiological basis of this disorder remains unclear. Altered brain structural asymmetries have been verified in ASD and ADHD, respectively, making brain asymmetry a candidate for characterizing this coexisting disorder. Here, we measured the gray matter (GM) volume asymmetry in ASD + ADHD versus ASD without ADHD (ASD-only), ADHD without ASD (ADHD-only), and typically developing controls (TDc). High-resolution T1-weighted data from 48 ASD + ADHD, 63 ASD-only, 32 ADHD-only, and 211 matched TDc were included in our study. We also assessed brain-behavior relationships and the effects of age on GM asymmetry. We found that there were both shared and disorder-specific GM volume asymmetry alterations in ASD + ADHD, ASD-only, and ADHD-only compared with TDc. This finding demonstrates that ASD + ADHD is neither an endophenocopy nor an additive pathology of ASD and ADHD, but an entirely different neuroanatomical pathology. In addition, ASD + ADHD displayed altered GM volume asymmetries in the prefrontal regions responsible for executive function and theory of mind compared with ASD-only. We also found significant effects of age on GM asymmetry. The present study may provide structural insights into the neural basis of ASD + ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Jingba Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yunna Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xianshun Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Physical Examination Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Bedford SA, Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Chakrabarti B, Ruigrok A, Suckling J, Anagnostou E, Lerch JP, Taylor M, Nicolson R, Stelios G, Crosbie J, Schachar R, Kelley E, Jones J, Arnold PD, Courchesne E, Pierce K, Eyler LT, Campbell K, Barnes CC, Seidlitz J, Alexander-Bloch AF, Bullmore ET, Baron-Cohen S, Bethlehem RA. Brain-charting autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder reveals distinct and overlapping neurobiology. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.06.23299587. [PMID: 38106166 PMCID: PMC10723556 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.23299587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions with complex underlying neurobiology. Despite overlapping presentation and sex-biased prevalence, autism and ADHD are rarely studied together, and sex differences are often overlooked. Normative modelling provides a unified framework for studying age-specific and sex-specific divergences in neurodivergent brain development. Methods Here we use normative modelling and a large, multi-site neuroimaging dataset to characterise cortical anatomy associated with autism and ADHD, benchmarked against models of typical brain development based on a sample of over 75,000 individuals. We also examined sex and age differences, relationship with autistic traits, and explored the co-occurrence of autism and ADHD (autism+ADHD). Results We observed robust neuroanatomical signatures of both autism and ADHD. Overall, autistic individuals showed greater cortical thickness and volume localised to the superior temporal cortex, whereas individuals with ADHD showed more global effects of cortical thickness increases but lower cortical volume and surface area across much of the cortex. The autism+ADHD group displayed a unique pattern of widespread increases in cortical thickness, and certain decreases in surface area. We also found evidence that sex modulates the neuroanatomy of autism but not ADHD, and an age-by-diagnosis interaction for ADHD only. Conclusions These results indicate distinct cortical differences in autism and ADHD that are differentially impacted by age, sex, and potentially unique patterns related to their co-occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saashi A. Bedford
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health and Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Michael V. Lombardo
- Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Bhismadev Chakrabarti
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- Centre for Autism, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6ES, UK
| | - Amber Ruigrok
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
| | - John Suckling
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Margot Taylor
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Jessica Jones
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Paul D. Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric Courchesne
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karen Pierce
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kathleen Campbell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Carter Barnes
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron F. Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- Cambridge Lifetime Autism Spectrum Service (CLASS), Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard A.I. Bethlehem
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Lei D, Qin K, Li W, Zhu Z, Tallman MJ, Patino LR, Fleck DE, Aghera V, Gong Q, Sweeney JA, DelBello MP, McNamara RK. Regional microstructural differences in ADHD youth with and without a family history of bipolar I disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:238-245. [PMID: 37149051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having a first-degree relative with bipolar I disorder (BD) in conjunction with prodromal attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may represent a unique phenotype that confers greater risk for developing BD than ADHD alone. However, underlying neuropathoetiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This cross-sectional study compared regional microstructure in psychostimulant-free ADHD youth with ('high-risk', HR) and without ('low-risk', LR) a first-degree relative with BD, and healthy controls (HC). METHODS A total of 140 (high-risk, n = 44; low-risk, n = 49; and HC, n = 47) youth (mean age: 14.1 ± 2.5 years, 65 % male) were included in the analysis. Diffusion tensor images were collected and fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps calculated. Both tract-based and voxel-based analyses were performed. Correlations between clinical ratings and microstructural metrics that differed among groups were examined. RESULTS No significant group differences in major long-distance fiber tracts were observed. The high-risk ADHD group exhibited predominantly higher FA and lower MD in frontal, limbic, and striatal subregions compared with the low-risk ADHD group. Both low-risk and high-risk ADHD groups exhibited higher FA in unique and overlapping regions compared with HC subjects. Significant correlations between regional microstructural metrics and clinical ratings were observed in ADHD groups. LIMITATIONS Prospective longitudinal studies will be required to determine the relevance of these findings to BD risk progression. CONCLUSIONS Psychostimulant-free ADHD youth with a BD family history exhibit different microstructure alterations in frontal, limbic, and striatal regions compared with ADHD youth without a BD family history, and may therefore represent unique phenotypes relevant to BD risk progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Lei
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45219, OH, USA.
| | - Kun Qin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45219, OH, USA; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45219, OH, USA; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45219, OH, USA; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Maxwell J Tallman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45219, OH, USA
| | - L Rodrigo Patino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45219, OH, USA
| | - David E Fleck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45219, OH, USA
| | - Veronica Aghera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45219, OH, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45219, OH, USA; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45219, OH, USA
| | - Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45219, OH, USA
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Altered cortical gyrification, sulcal depth, and fractal dimension in the autism spectrum disorder comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder than the autism spectrum disorder. Neuroreport 2023; 34:93-101. [PMID: 36608165 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently occurs accompanied by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which catches increasing attention. The comorbid diagnosis of ASD with ADHD (ASD + ADHD) is permitted in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). However, compared to autism spectrum disorder without other symptoms (ASD-only), the special neural underpinnings in ASD+ADHD remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover the differences in cortical complexity between ASD + ADHD and ASD-only patients. A total of 114 ASD participants (i.e. containing 40 ASD + ADHD and 74 ASD-only participants) with T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were collected from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II. Afterward, a surface-based morphometry method was carried out to compare the cortical complexity (i.e. gyrification index, fractal dimension, and sulcal depth) between the ASD + ADHD and ASD-only cohorts. Results showed the increased fractal dimension in the right fusiform gyrus of the ASD + ADHD cohort in comparison to the ASD-only cohort. Moreover, the ASD + ADHD cohort exhibited increased sulcal depth in the left middle temporal gyrus/inferior temporal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus compared to the ASD-only cohort. Last but not least, the increased gyrification index in the insula/postcentral gyrus was observed in the ASD + ADHD cohort in comparison to the ASD-only cohort. Overall, the present study contributes to the delineation of particular structural abnormalities in ASD + ADHD than ASD-only, enriching the evidence of the combined phenotype of ASD + ADHD.
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Kangarani-Farahani M, Izadi-Najafabadi S, Zwicker JG. How does brain structure and function on MRI differ in children with autism spectrum disorder, developmental coordination disorder, and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:681-715. [PMID: 36084947 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to systematically review the neural similarities and differences in brain structure and function, measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in children with neurodevelopmental disorders that commonly co-occur to understand if and how they have shared neuronal characteristics. METHOD Using systematic review methodology, the following databases were comprehensively searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest from the earliest record up to December 2021. Inclusion criteria were: (1) peer-reviewed studies, case reports, or theses; (2) children under 18 years of age with at least one of the following neurodevelopmental disorders: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention hyperactivity deficit disorder (ADHD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and their co-occurrence; (3) studies based on MRI modalities (i.e., structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting-state fMRI). Thirty-one studies that met the inclusion criteria were included for quality assessment by two independent reviewers using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS). RESULTS Studies compared brain structure and function of children with DCD and ADHD (n=6), DCD and ASD (n=1), ASD and ADHD (n=17), and various combinations of these co-occurring conditions (n=7). Structural neuroimaging (n=15) was the most commonly reported modality, followed by resting-state (n=8), DTI (n=5), and multi-modalities (n=3). INTERPRETATION Evidence indicated that the neural correlates of the co-occurring conditions were more widespread and distinct compared to a single diagnosis. The majority of findings (77%) suggested that each neurodevelopmental disorder had more distinct neural correlates than shared neural features, suggesting that each disorder is distinct despite commonly co-occurring with each other. As the number of papers examining the co-occurrence of ASD, DCD, and/or ADHD was limited and most findings were not corrected for multiple comparisons, these results must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Kangarani-Farahani
- Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sara Izadi-Najafabadi
- Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jill G Zwicker
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Hamilton, Canada
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Alterations in Regional Brain Regional Volume Associated with Dioxin Exposure in Men Living in the Most Dioxin-Contaminated Area in Vietnam: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Analysis Using Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9120353. [PMID: 34941787 PMCID: PMC8703540 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the influence of dioxin exposure on brain morphometry, the present study investigated associations between dioxin exposure at high levels and brain structural irregularities in 32 Vietnamese men. Two exposure markers were used: blood dioxin levels, as a marker of exposure in adulthood, and perinatal dioxin exposure, estimated by maternal residency in a dioxin-contaminated area during pregnancy. All subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. We analyzed correlations between regional gray matter volumes and blood dioxin levels, and compared regional volumes between men with and without perinatal dioxin exposure using the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) tool from Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 (SPM12). Blood 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was associated with low volume of the medial temporal pole and fusiform gyrus. Toxic equivalency (TEQ)-PCDDs were correlated with low medial temporal pole volume. However, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD was associated with high middle frontal gyrus and cerebellum volume. In men with perinatal dioxin exposure, the left inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis volume was significantly lower than in those without perinatal exposure. These results suggest that dioxin exposure during the perinatal period and in adulthood may alter regional brain volume, which might lead to cognitive deficits and unusual social emotional behavior in Vietnamese men living in dioxin-contaminated areas.
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Jiménez de la Peña M, Fernández-Mayoralas DM, López-Martín S, Albert J, Calleja-Pérez B, Fernández-Perrone AL, Jiménez de Domingo A, Tirado P, Álvarez S, Fernández-Jaén A. Abnormal frontal gyrification pattern and uncinate development in patients with KBG syndrome caused by ANKRD11 aberrations. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 35:8-15. [PMID: 34547584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
KBG syndrome is characterized by dental, craniofacial and skeletal anomalies, short stature and global developmental delay or intellectual disability. It is caused by microdeletions or truncating mutations of ANKRD11. We report four unrelated probands with this syndrome due to de novo ANKRD11 aberrations that may contribute to a better understanding of the genetics and pathophysiology of this autosomal dominant syndrome. Clinical, cognitive and MRI assessments were performed. Three of the patients showed normal intellectual functioning, whereas the fourth had a borderline level of intellectual functioning. However, all of them showed deficits in various cognitive and socioemotional processes such as attention, executive functions, empathy or pragmatic language. Moreover, all probands displayed marked asymmetry of the uncinate fascicles and an abnormal gyrification pattern in the left frontal lobe. Thus, structural neuroimaging anomalies seem to have been overlooked in this syndrome. Disturbed frontal gyrification and/or lower structural integrity of the uncinate fascisulus might be unrecognized neuroimaging features of KBG syndrome caused by ANKRD11 aberrations. Present results also point out that this syndrome is not necessarily associated with global developmental delay and intellectual disability, but it can be related to other neurodevelopmental disorders or subclinical levels of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, communication disorders or specific learning disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara López-Martín
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Neuromottiva, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacobo Albert
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Tirado
- Department of Pediatric Neurology. Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Álvarez
- Genomics and Medicine, NIMGenetics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Department of Pediatric Neurology. Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain.
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Sun L, Li W, Li G, Xiao S. Prefrontal Aβ pathology influencing the pathway from apathy to cognitive decline in non-dementia elderly. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:534. [PMID: 34663799 PMCID: PMC8523745 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the complex connection between apathy and cognitive decline that remains unclear. A total of 1057 non-dementia elderly from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database received up to 13 years of follow-up and were divided into an apathy negative (-) group of 943 participants and an apathy positive (+) group of 114 participants through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)-apathy subitem. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and amyloid β (Aβ) PET were measured, and their longitudinal changes were assessed using linear mixed-effects models. Risk factors for cognitive decline and apathy conversion were explored through the Cox proportional hazards model. Mediation effects of Aβ pathology on cognition were investigated using the causal mediation analysis. Apathy syndrome was associated with faster impairment of cognition and elevation of the Aβ burden. The effects of apathy on cognitive function and life quality were mediated by Aβ pathology, including CSF Aβ42/total tau ratio, and Aβ deposition in the prefrontal regions. Apathy syndrome was the risk factor for cognitive deterioration; meanwhile, frontal Aβ burden was the risk factor for apathy conversion. Apathy syndrome is an early manifestation of cognitive decline and there are bidirectional roles between apathy syndrome and Aβ pathology. Prefrontal Aβ pathology influenced the pathway from apathy to cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanjun Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Camp A, Pastrano A, Gomez V, Stephenson K, Delatte W, Perez B, Syas H, Guiseppi-Elie A. Understanding ADHD: Toward an Innovative Therapeutic Intervention. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:56. [PMID: 34062853 PMCID: PMC8147268 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a pervasive condition affecting persons across all age groups, although it is primarily diagnosed in children. This neurological condition affects behavior, learning, and social adjustment and requires specific symptomatic criteria to be fulfilled for diagnosis. ADHD may be treated with a combination of psychological or psychiatric therapeutic interventions, but it often goes unattended. People with ADHD face societal bias challenges that impact how they manage the disorder and how they view themselves. This paper summarizes the present state of understanding of this disorder, with particular attention to early diagnosis and innovative therapeutic intervention. Contemporary understanding of the mind-brain duality allows for innovative therapeutic interventions based on neurological stimulation. This paper introduces the concept of neurostimulation as a therapeutic intervention for ADHD and poses the question of the relationship between patient adherence to self-administered therapy and the aesthetic design features of the neurostimulation device. By fabricating devices that go beyond safety and efficacy to embrace the aesthetic preferences of the patient, it is proposed that there will be improvements in patient adherence to a device intended to address ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Camp
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.C.); (A.P.); (V.G.); (K.S.); (W.D.); (B.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Amanda Pastrano
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.C.); (A.P.); (V.G.); (K.S.); (W.D.); (B.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Valeria Gomez
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.C.); (A.P.); (V.G.); (K.S.); (W.D.); (B.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Kathleen Stephenson
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.C.); (A.P.); (V.G.); (K.S.); (W.D.); (B.P.); (H.S.)
| | - William Delatte
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.C.); (A.P.); (V.G.); (K.S.); (W.D.); (B.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Brianna Perez
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.C.); (A.P.); (V.G.); (K.S.); (W.D.); (B.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Hunter Syas
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.C.); (A.P.); (V.G.); (K.S.); (W.D.); (B.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.C.); (A.P.); (V.G.); (K.S.); (W.D.); (B.P.); (H.S.)
- Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Anderson University, Anderson, SC 29621, USA
- ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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Albajara Sáenz A, Van Schuerbeek P, Baijot S, Septier M, Deconinck N, Defresne P, Delvenne V, Passeri G, Raeymaekers H, Slama H, Victoor L, Willaye E, Peigneux P, Villemonteix T, Massat I. Disorder-specific brain volumetric abnormalities in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder relative to Autism Spectrum Disorder. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241856. [PMID: 33166335 PMCID: PMC7652272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The overlap/distinctiveness between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been increasingly investigated in recent years, particularly since the DSM-5 allows the dual diagnosis of ASD and ADHD, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain unclear. Although both disorders are associated with brain volumetric abnormalities, it is necessary to unfold the shared and specific volume abnormalities that could contribute to explain the similarities and differences in the clinical and neurocognitive profiles between ADHD and ASD. In this voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study, regional grey matter volumes (GMV) were compared between 22 children with ADHD, 18 children with ASD and 17 typically developing (TD) children aged 8 to 12 years old, controlling for age and total intracranial volume. When compared to TD children or children with ASD, children with ADHD had a larger left precuneus, and a smaller right thalamus, suggesting that these brain abnormalities are specific to ADHD relative to ASD. Overall, this study contributes to the delineation of disorder-specific structural abnormalities in ADHD and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Albajara Sáenz
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF) at the Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter Van Schuerbeek
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Baijot
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF) at the Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Septier
- Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris Inserm U894 Team 1, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Véronique Delvenne
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gianfranco Passeri
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hubert Raeymaekers
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hichem Slama
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF) at the Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Victoor
- PsyPluriel, Centre Européen de Psychologie Médicale, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Willaye
- Fondation SUSA-Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF) at the Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF) at the Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Paris 8 Vincennes - St Denis University, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie, Saint Denis, France
| | - Isabelle Massat
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF) at the Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- National Fund of Scientific Research (FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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Cortical Thickness in Crouzon-Pfeiffer Syndrome: Findings in Relation to Primary Cranial Vault Expansion. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e3204. [PMID: 33173703 PMCID: PMC7647527 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Episodes of intracranial hypertension are associated with reductions in cerebral cortical thickness (CT) in syndromic craniosynostosis. Here we focus on Crouzon-Pfeiffer syndrome patients to measure CT and evaluate associations with type of primary cranial vault expansion and synostosis pattern. Methods Records from 34 Crouzon-Pfeiffer patients were reviewed along with MRI data on CT and intracranial volume to examine associations. Patients were grouped according to initial cranial vault expansion (frontal/occipital). Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression controlled for age and brain volume to determine an association between global/lobar CT and vault expansion type. Synostosis pattern effect sizes on global/lobar CT were calculated as secondary outcomes. Results Occipital expansion patients demonstrated 0.02 mm thicker cortex globally (P = 0.81) with regional findings, including: thicker cortex in frontal (0.02 mm, P = 0.77), parietal (0.06 mm, P = 0.44) and occipital (0.04 mm, P = 0.54) regions; and thinner cortex in temporal (-0.03 mm, P = 0.69), cingulate (-0.04 mm, P = 0.785), and, insula (-0.09 mm, P = 0.51) regions. Greatest effect sizes were observed between left lambdoid synostosis and the right cingulate (d = -1.00) and right lambdoid synostosis and the left cingulate (d = -1.23). Left and right coronal synostosis yielded effect sizes of d = -0.56 and d = -0.42 on respective frontal lobes. Conclusions Both frontal and occipital primary cranial vault expansions correlate to similar regional CT in Crouzon-Pfeiffer patients. Lambdoid synostosis appears to be associated with cortical thinning, particularly in the cingulate gyri.
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