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Ribeiro JA, Schuch FB, Tonello L, Meneghel Vargas KF, Oliveira-Junior SA, Müller PT, Boullosa D. Effectiveness of short sprint interval training in women with major depressive disorder: a proof-of-concept study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1356559. [PMID: 38686128 PMCID: PMC11056580 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background High-intensity intermittent training has emerged as an option for treating major depressive disorder (MDD). However, short sprint training (sSIT), an efficient HIIT modality, has not been tested yet for this purpose. The sSIT has been proven to induce the same metabolic adaptations, with the advantage of promoting lower muscle fatigue than other HIIT protocols. Methods Seventeen adult women diagnosed with moderate/severe MDD were randomly allocated into a sSIT group (n=9) or a control condition (n=8). The sSIT group completed, over two weeks, six 6-10-min sessions which consisted of 3-12 "all out" sprints of 5 s interspersed with low-intensity recovery of 30-45 s. The week before and after the intervention, both groups were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale of 21-itens (HAM-D21), and for physical fitness and incidental physical activity. Results The sSIT group exhibited significant improvements for HAM-D21 scores (24.6±8.2 vs. 16.8±10.1), maximum aerobic power (140±15 vs. 155±15 W), countermovement jump (13.0±3.4 vs. 14.9±3.1 cm), % of body fatness (32.4±4.4 vs. 29.3±3.8%), and 4-days number of steps (13,626±11,309 vs. 16,643±15,371) after the training period when compared to the control group. Conclusion Less than 1 hour of a sSIT protocol over two weeks have demonstrated to reduce depressive symptoms, while improving aerobic fitness and body composition, and increasing incidental physical activity in a sample of women diagnosed with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Alves Ribeiro
- Graduate Program of Movement Sciences, Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providência, Chile
| | - Laís Tonello
- Medicine Department, Universidade de Gurupi - UnirG, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | - Silvio A. Oliveira-Junior
- Graduate Program of Movement Sciences, Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Paulo T. Müller
- Graduate Program of Movement Sciences, Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Maria Aparecida Pedrossian Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Graduate Program of Movement Sciences, Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Sochacka K, Kotowska A, Lachowicz-Wiśniewska S. The Role of Gut Microbiota, Nutrition, and Physical Activity in Depression and Obesity-Interdependent Mechanisms/Co-Occurrence. Nutrients 2024; 16:1039. [PMID: 38613071 PMCID: PMC11013804 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression are interdependent pathological disorders with strong inflammatory effects commonly found worldwide. They determine the health status of the population and cause key problems in terms of morbidity and mortality. The role of gut microbiota and its composition in the treatment of obesity and psychological factors is increasingly emphasized. Published research suggests that prebiotic, probiotic, or symbiotic preparations can effectively intervene in obesity treatment and mood-dysregulation alleviation. Thus, this literature review aims to highlight the role of intestinal microbiota in treating depression and obesity. An additional purpose is to indicate probiotics, including psychobiotics and prebiotics, potentially beneficial in supporting the treatment of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sochacka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Agata Kotowska
- Department of Social Policy, Institute of Sociological Sciences, College of Social Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Cai CY, Liang HY, Zhou T, Yang C, Yin JJ, Yao MH, Gu QX, Liu D, Ni HY. High-intensity interval training ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive behaviors via HDAC2-BDNF signaling in the ventral hippocampus. Brain Res 2023; 1816:148480. [PMID: 37429454 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a devastating psychiatric disease, and current therapies could not well meet the demand for MDD treatment. Exercise benefits mental illness, and notably, exercise has been recommended as an alternative option for MDD treatment in some countries. However, the paradigm and intensity of exercise for MDD treatment has yet to be determined. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a potent and time-efficient type of exercise training and has gained popularity in recent years. In this study, we exposed the mice to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and found HIIT exerted substantial antidepressant effect. Moreover, HIIT further enhanced the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine, a classic antidepressant in the clinic, confirming the antidepressant role of HIIT. HIIT significantly reversed the CUMS-induced upregulations in HDAC2 mRNA and protein level in the ventral hippocampus. We also found HIIT rescued the CUMS-induced downregulation in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and HDAC2 overexpression counteracted the HIIT-induced increase in BDNF level. More importantly, both virus-mediated HDAC2 overexpression and microinfusion of TrkB-Fc, a BDNF scavenger, in the ventral hippocampus abolished the antidepressant effect of HIIT. Together, our results strongly demonstrate that HIIT attenuates depressive behaviors, probably via HDAC2-BDNF signaling pathway and reveal that HIIT may serve as an alternative option for MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Cai
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hai-Ying Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jia-Jie Yin
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meng-Han Yao
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiu-Xiang Gu
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Huan-Yu Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Filgueiras A, Stults-Kolehmainen MA, Boullosa D, Sinha R, Bartholomew JB, McKee P, Gilson TA, Keegan R, Viana A, Bueno FA, Medeiros AR, Militão-de-Leutério SF, Ash GI. The CRAVE and ARGE scales for motivation states for physical activity and sedentarism: Brazilian Portuguese translation and single-item versions. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1106571. [PMID: 37705947 PMCID: PMC10495583 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation states for physical activity and sedentarism potentially vary from moment to moment. The CRAVE scale (Cravings for Rest and Volitional Energy Expenditure) was developed to assess transient wants and desires to move. Three studies were conducted with the aims of: (1) translating and validating the scale in Brazilian Portuguese, (2) examining changes with exercise, and (3) determining the best single-item for Move and Rest subscales for English and Portuguese. In Study 1, six bilingual speakers translated the scale into Brazilian Portuguese [named Anseios por Repouso e Gastos com Energia (ARGE)]. The ARGE had good content validity coefficients across three dimensions (0.89-0.91), as determined by three independent, bilingual referees. 1,168 participants (mean age = 30.6, SD = 12.2) from across Brazil completed an online version of the ARGE. An Exploratory Factor Analysis found two clear, oblique, and inversely related factors (Move and Rest; GFI = 1.00, RMSR = 0.03). Reliability was good (Cronbach α's: 0.93 and 0.92). Two models of the scale (10 vs. 13 items) were compared with Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The previously validated version using 10 scored items (GFI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.07, RMSR = 0.02) outperformed the version scored with 13 items. State anxiety and exercise behavior had small associations with Move and Rest (-0.20 to 0.26). In Study 2, ARGE Move scores had high correspondence post-session (ICC = 0.83) for 9 women performing short Sprint Interval Training (sSIT; 6 sessions). Large, but non-significant, effects were detected for changes in motivation states with sSIT. In Study 3, IRT analyses found that for the United States sample, "be physically active" and "be still" were the most representative items for Move and Rest, respectively, while for the Brazil sample they were "exert my muscles" and "be a couch potato." Overall, it was found that: (A) the ARGE scale demonstrated good psychometric properties, (B) the original scoring (with 10 items) resulted in the best model, (C) it had small associations with exercise behavior, and (D) the subscales were reduced to single items that varied by country, indicating potential cultural differences in the concept of motivation states for physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Filgueiras
- Department of Cognition and Human Development, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Natural, Social and Sport Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Stults-Kolehmainen
- Center for Weight Management, Yale New Haven Hospital, North Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College—Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Yale Stress Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - John B. Bartholomew
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Paul McKee
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Todd A. Gilson
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
| | - Richard Keegan
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Artur Viana
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fabio Amador Bueno
- Connecticut Community Colleges Nursing Program, Gateway Community College, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - André Ricarte Medeiros
- Middle School Center (CEF) 504, Federal District Secretary of Education (SEEDF), Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Garrett I. Ash
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Pain, Research, Informatics, Medical Comorbidities and Education Center (PRIME), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
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5
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Dierkes K, Rösel I, Giel KE, Thiel A, Sudeck G. Does Exercise Modality Matter Affectively? Contrasting Type and Sequence of Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Versus High-Intensity Interval Training in a Randomized Within-Subject Study. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:84-97. [PMID: 36876187 PMCID: PMC9982541 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, affective determinants of exercise behavior have received increasing attention in research on health promotion and prevention. To date, however, little is known about changes in affective exercise determinants during multi-week training programs in insufficiently active individuals. This applies in particular to the currently discussed advantages and disadvantages of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) with regard to the affective experience of these two training types (e.g., reduced monotony vs. more aversive response during HIIT), which is important for exercise adherence. Referring to the Affect and Health Behavior Framework (AHBF), this within-subject study investigated changes in affective exercise determinants as a function of training type and sequence consisting of MICT and HIIT. Forty insufficiently active healthy adults (M age = 27 ± 6 years; 72% women) underwent two 6-week training periods in a randomized sequence (MICT - HIIT vs. HIIT - MICT) within 15 weeks. Pre-post questionnaires and in-situ measurements, during and after a standardized vigorous-intensity continuous exercise session (VICE), were used to assess affective attitude, intrinsic motivation, in-task affective valence, as well as post-exercise enjoyment. These four affect-related constructs were collected before, between, and after the two training periods. Mixed models revealed a significant effect for training sequence (p = 0.011) - but not for training type (p = 0.045; non-significant after Bonferroni alpha adjustment) - on changes in in-task affective valence in favor of the MICT - HIIT sequence. Moreover, no significant training type or sequence effects were found for the constructs of reflective processing: exercise enjoyment, affective attitude, and intrinsic motivation. Therefore, individual-based training recommendations should consider the effects of variety and training sequence to develop tailored interventions that lead to more positive affective experiences - in particular during exercise - and promote the maintenance of exercise behavior in previously inactive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Dierkes
- Institute of Sports Science, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Inka Rösel
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin E Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine & Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Institute of Sports Science, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Institute of Sports Science, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Martland R, Korman N, Firth J, Stubbs B. The efficacy of exercise interventions for all types of inpatients across mental health settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 studies. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:232-271. [PMID: 37132599 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2207855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the benefits, safety and adherence of exercise interventions delivered in inpatient mental health settings, quantified the number of exercise trials that provided support to maintain engagement in exercise post-discharge, and reported patient feedback towards exercise interventions. Major databases were searched from inception to 22.06.2022 for intervention studies investigating exercise in mental health inpatient settings. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane and ROBINS-1 checklists. Fifty-six papers were included from 47 trials (including 34 RCTs), bias was high. Exercise improved depression (Standardised mean difference = -0.416; 95% Confidence interval -0.787 to -0.045, N = 15) compared to non-exercise comparators amongst people with a range of mental illnesses, with further (albeit limited) evidence suggesting a role of exercise in cardiorespiratory fitness and various other physical health parameters and ameliorating psychiatric symptoms. No serious exercise-related adverse events were noted, attendance was ≥80% in most trials, and exercise was perceived as enjoyable and useful. Five trials offered patients post-discharge support to continue exercise, with varying success. In conclusion, exercise interventions may have therapeutic benefits in inpatient mental health settings. More high-quality trials are needed to determine optimal parameters, and future research should investigate systems to support patients to maintain exercise engagement once discharged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Martland
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, UK
| | - Nicole Korman
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, NICM Health Research Institute, Australia
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Luo Q, Zhang P, Liu Y, Ma X, Jennings G. Intervention of Physical Activity for University Students with Anxiety and Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215338. [PMID: 36430056 PMCID: PMC9692258 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Although physical activity has been widely recognized as an effective way to improve anxiety and depression, we lack a systematic summary of research on improving anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to systematically analyze how physical activity impacts on this situation in college students during COVID-19. (2) Methods: Both Chinese and English databases (PubMed the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang) were analyzed. All the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about physical activity intervention for this were included. We received eight eligible RCT experiments before the retrieval time (4 October 2022) in the meta-analysis. (3) Results: Physical activity benefits for college students with significant anxiety were (SMD = -0.50; 95% CI = -0.83 to -0.17; I2 = 84%; p < 0.001; Z = 2.98;) and depression (SMD = -0.62; 95% CI = -0.99 to -0.25; I2 = 80.7%; p < 0.001; Z = 3.27). Subgroup analyses showed physical activity of different intensities significantly impacted on improving college students' depression and anxiety, but physical activity of 6 < 9 Mets intensity had a greater effect on anxiety than on depression. Interventions of eight weeks or less performed better than those of over eight weeks while interventions less than four times per week had a significant effect on improving the situation. The overall effect of a single intervention of 30 min was more effective than one of over 60 min. (4) Conclusion: Physical activities can effectively improve the situation of anxiety and depression for college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a higher quality RCT experiment is needed to prove it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Luo
- School of Wushu, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Wushu, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- School of Foreign Languages, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710100, China
| | - Xiujie Ma
- School of Wushu, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Chinese Guoshu Academy, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(028)-8501-5753
| | - George Jennings
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UK
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Yu Q, Wong KK, Lei OK, Nie J, Shi Q, Zou L, Kong Z. Comparative Effectiveness of Multiple Exercise Interventions in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:135. [PMID: 36308622 PMCID: PMC9617247 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of exercise interventions in the treatment of mental health disorders is well known, but research is lacking on the most efficient exercise type for specific mental health disorders. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of various exercise types in the treatment of mental health disorders. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL databases, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials as well as Google Scholar were searched up to December 2021. We performed pairwise and network meta-analyses as well as meta-regression analyses for mental health disorders in general and each type of mental health disorder, with alterations in symptom severity as the primary outcome. RESULTS A total of 6456 participants from 117 randomized controlled trials were surveyed. The multimodal exercise (71%) had the highest probability of being the most efficient exercise for relieving depressive symptoms. While resistance exercise (60%) was more likely to be the most effective treatment for anxiety disorder, patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) benefited more from mind-body exercise (52%). Furthermore, resistance exercise (31%) and multimodal exercise (37%) had more beneficial effects in the treatment of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, respectively. The length of intervention and exercise frequency independently moderated the effects of mind-body exercise on depressive (coefficient = 0.14, p = .03) and negative schizophrenia (coefficient = 0.96, p = .04) symptoms. CONCLUSION Multimodal exercise ranked best for treating depressive and negative schizophrenic symptoms, while resistance exercise seemed to be more beneficial for those with anxiety-related and positive schizophrenic symptoms. Mind-body exercise was recommended as the most promising exercise type in the treatment of PTSD. However, the findings should be treated with caution due to potential risk of bias in at least one dimension of assessment and low-to-moderate certainty of evidence. Trial Registration This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42022310237).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ka-Kit Wong
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - On-Kei Lei
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Qingde Shi
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Liye Zou
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Ribeiro JA, Schuch FB, Vargas KFM, Müller PT, Boullosa D. A Rapid Review of Randomized Trials Assessing the Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Depressive Symptoms in People with Mental Illness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10581. [PMID: 36078299 PMCID: PMC9518083 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to systematically search for randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols vs. control without exercise or other exercise protocols, in patients with mental disorders experiencing depressive symptoms, and to provide some guidance based on the current HIIT literature to improve further interventions. METHODS we searched for relevant studies, published by 18 August 2022 on PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus databases, that used a HIIT protocol, involving adults (≥18 years) with a diagnosis of a mental disorder, participating in a HIIT or a control condition, and assessed for depressive symptoms. RESULTS Four studies accounting for 108 participants (n HIIT = 55; n comparison groups = 53) met the inclusion criteria. Three out of the four studies included found significant improvements of depressive symptoms after 12 days to 8 weeks of intervention. However, there were no differences to other forms of low-to-moderate continuous exercise in 2/3 studies. CONCLUSIONS The limited evidence suggests the effectiveness of HIIT interventions for improving depressive symptoms in people with mental illness. However, HIIT was not superior to other exercise treatments, although a trend for its superiority may be recognized. A number of methodological issues should be considered in further interventions to better characterize and identify the most efficient HIIT modalities for the treatment of depressive symptoms in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Alves Ribeiro
- Program of Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105, Brazil
| | - Kleber F. Meneghel Vargas
- Maria Aparecida Pedrossian Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo T. Müller
- Program of Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
- Maria Aparecida Pedrossian Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Program of Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
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10
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Guan Y, Yan Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise and Healthspan. Cells 2022; 11:872. [PMID: 35269492 PMCID: PMC8909156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthspan is the period of our life without major debilitating diseases. In the modern world where unhealthy lifestyle choices and chronic diseases taper the healthspan, which lead to an enormous economic burden, finding ways to promote healthspan becomes a pressing goal of the scientific community. Exercise, one of humanity's most ancient and effective lifestyle interventions, appears to be at the center of the solution since it can both treat and prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Here, we will review the current evidence and opinions about regular exercise promoting healthspan through enhancing the functionality of our organ systems and preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Bichler CS, Niedermeier M, Hüfner K, Gálffy M, Sperner-Unterweger B, Kopp M. Affective Responses to Both Climbing and Nordic Walking Exercise Are Associated With Intermediate-Term Increases in Physical Activity in Patients With Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - A Randomized Longitudinal Controlled Clinical Pilot Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:856730. [PMID: 35757205 PMCID: PMC9218791 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise programs have shown anxiolytic effects in psychiatric patients. Adherence to exercise programs and subsequent long-term lifestyle change is influenced by acute affective responses of the exercise programs. This research aimed to assess acute affective responses of two different exercise modalities compared to a non-exercise control program and its effects on persisting physical activity behavior change. METHODS Sixty-six outpatients diagnosed with an anxiety disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder were randomly allocated to one of three groups in a randomized longitudinal controlled clinical pilot trial: climbing (n = 26), nordic walking (n = 19), social contact control (n = 21). Affective responses were assessed pre, during, and post activity. General physical activity behavior was recorded prior to participation in the program, post program, and at follow-ups three and six months after the program. RESULTS Multilevel modeling analyzes of 1,066 individual data points revealed increases in affective valence in the exercise sessions compared to the social contact sessions. State anxiety decreased in the climbing group compared to the social contact group. Physical activity behavior was increased immediately following the program as well as at six months follow-up in both exercise groups. A larger increase in affective valence during and after the sessions was associated with higher physical activity post program. CONCLUSIONS Climbing and conventional nordic walking exercise sessions revealed positive affective changes in outpatients indicating therapeutic potential of both modalities for acute emotion regulation. In accordance with theoretical models of human behavior change, it was judged that the experience of a more pleasant affective state following the exercise sessions induced more persisting effects on physical activity behavior after the exercise programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03758599, identifier: NCT03758599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina S Bichler
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Niedermeier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Hüfner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital for Psychiatry II, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mátyás Gálffy
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital for Psychiatry II, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital for Psychiatry II, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Kopp
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Kreppke JN, Cody R, Faude O, Gerber M. [Enjoying Sports and Movement in Mental Illness]. PRAXIS 2022; 110:200-204. [PMID: 35291865 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enjoying Sports and Movement in Mental Illness Abstract. Sports and exercise therapy is an effective complemant in the treatment of major depression. The recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of intensive physical activity per week should be met to achieve positive effects of physical activity. In addition, individual needs and the physical health conditions must be considered in the planning and implementation, so that exercise will be enjoyed in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niklas Kreppke
- Abteilung Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaften, Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, Basel
| | - Robyn Cody
- Abteilung Sport und psychische Gesundheit, Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, Basel
| | - Oliver Faude
- Abteilung Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaften, Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, Basel
| | - Markus Gerber
- Abteilung Sport und psychische Gesundheit, Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, Basel
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13
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Study protocol for a pilot high-intensity interval training intervention in inpatient mental health settings: a two-part study using a randomised controlled trial and naturalistic study design. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:198. [PMID: 34749822 PMCID: PMC8573298 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe mental illnesses (SMI), including schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, are associated with physical health comorbidities and premature mortality. Physical activity and structured exercise have a beneficial impact on cardiometabolic risk and ameliorate mental health symptomology and cognition. This protocol describes a feasibility study for a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention among inpatients with SMI, to improve their physical and mental health. METHODS The feasibility study follows a two-part design owing to COVID-19-related adaptations to project design: (a) a non-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT) of 12 weeks of bicycle-based HIIT, delivered twice weekly in a face-to-face, one-to-one setting, compared to treatment as usual (TAU) and (b) a naturalistic study of inpatient HIIT; eligible participants will be invited to two sessions of HIIT per week, delivered by the research team remotely or in person. Additionally, participants in the naturalistic study may use the bike to conduct self-directed sessions of their chosen length and intensity. We will measure the feasibility and acceptability of the HIIT intervention as primary outcomes, alongside secondary and tertiary outcomes evaluating the physical, mental and cognitive effects of HIIT. The study aims to recruit 40 patients to the RCT and 6-8 patients to the naturalistic design. DISCUSSION Exercise is a modifiable lifestyle barrier that can reverse cardiometabolic disease risk. If HIIT is found to be feasible and acceptable in inpatients with SMI, there would be scope for large-scale work to evaluate the clinical, cost and implementation effectiveness of HIIT in inpatient mental health settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03959735 . Registered June 22, 2019.
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Menglu S, Suyong Y, Xiaoyan W, Schöllhorn WI, Dong Z. Cognitive effectiveness of high-intensity interval training for individuals with methamphetamine dependence: a study protocol for randomised controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:650. [PMID: 34556153 PMCID: PMC8460192 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive deficit is a common syndrome of methamphetamine (MA) dependence. It is related to decision-making, control ability, and social functioning. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a training technique that requires people to work out at full intensity during a short period. Many studies have already shown the potential effects of HIIT on cognitive functions. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the cognitive effects of HIIT on individuals with MA dependence. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A total of 240 individuals with MA dependence will be randomly assigned to the HIIT group, moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) group and control (CON) group. HIIT will consist of a 24-min HIIT exercise on a treadmill. MICT will consist of a 1-h body-mind exercise. CON will be their traditional intervention. The experimental period will be 12 months with 3 interventions weekly for the first 6 months and follow-up for the next 6 months. All subjects will be given cognitive tests at baseline, after intervention and at follow-up. Cognitive performances will be compared by a mixed-model analysis for repeated measures. DISCUSSION HIIT training may reduce illicit drug cravings amongst individuals with MA dependence; hence, HIIT may have a good effect on the cognitive functions, such as memory and executive function, of individuals with MA dependence. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000032492 . Registered on April 30, 2020 ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=52127&htm=4 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Menglu
- Wushu College, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Suyong
- School of Sport Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Xiaoyan
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Zhu Dong
- School of International Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
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15
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Carvas Junior N, Gomes IC, Valassi JMR, Anunciação L, Freitas-Dias RD, Koike MK. Comparison of the printed and online administration of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2). EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2021; 19:eAO6088. [PMID: 34346988 PMCID: PMC8302226 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2021ao6088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the traditional printed form of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire with a proposed online form in terms of validity, reliability, and applicability. METHODS A crossover design study was conducted with 157 undergraduate students. Half of the sample answered the printed questionnaire first and then answered the online questionnaire 7 days later, while the other half of the sample did the inverse. Cronbach's alpha was used to analyze the internal consistency of both the online and printed questionnaires. The construct validity was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, using a weighted least square mean and adjusted variance estimation and oblique rotation. The quality of the model was tested with fit indices. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis showed the 19-item structure with five factors: χ2 of 230.718; degrees of freedom of 142; χ2/degrees of freedom of 1.625; comparative fit index of 0.978 and root mean square error of approximation of 0.073. All items presented factorial loads above 0.5. There was also excellent consistency between the formats of administration in all dimensions, with Cronbach's alpha values above 0.70. The stability between the formats of administration varied between 0.78 (95%CI: 0.69-0.85) and 0.84 (95%CI: 0.77-0.89), suggesting desirable confidence between both formats of administration. CONCLUSION The five-factor model of the online Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire shows internal consistency both in terms of the scale dimensions as well as in terms of the total items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Carvas Junior
- Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual "Francisco Morato de Oliveira", São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luís Anunciação
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Kiyomi Koike
- Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual "Francisco Morato de Oliveira", São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Martínez-Díaz IC, Carrasco L. Neurophysiological Stress Response and Mood Changes Induced by High-Intensity Interval Training: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147320. [PMID: 34299775 PMCID: PMC8304833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study, conducted in advance of a future definitive randomized controlled trial, aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a HIIT-based intervention to induce neurophysiological stress responses that could be associated with possible changes in mood. Twenty-five active male college students with an average age of 21.7 ± 2.1 years, weight 72.6 ± 8.4 kg, height 177 ± 6.1 cm, and BMI: 23.1 ± 1.4 kg/m2 took part in this quasi-experimental pilot study in which they were evaluated in two different sessions. In the first session, subjects performed a graded exercise test to determine the cycling power output corresponding to VO2peak. The second session consisted of (a) pre-intervention assessment (collection of blood samples for measuring plasma corticotropin and cortisol levels, and application of POMS questionnaire to evaluate mood states); (b) exercise intervention (10 × 1-min of cycling at VO2peak power output); (c) post-intervention assessment, and (d) 30-min post-intervention evaluation. Significant post-exercise increases in corticotropin and cortisol plasma levels were observed whereas mood states decreased significantly at this assessment time-point. However, a significant increase in mood was found 30-min after exercise. Finally, significant relationships between increases in stress hormones concentrations and changes in mood states after intense exercise were observed. In conclusion, our HIIT-based intervention was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants. A single bout of HIIT induced acute changes in mood states that seems to be associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation.
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17
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Martland R, Gaughran F, Stubbs B, Onwumere J. Perspectives on implementing HIIT interventions for service users in inpatient mental health settings: A qualitative study investigating patient, carer and staff attitudes. J Affect Disord 2021; 283:198-206. [PMID: 33561800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intensity interval training (HIIT) may have beneficial effects among people living with severe mental illness (SMI), however there remains an absence of information on attitudes of key stakeholders (e.g. family carers, healthcare professionals) towards offering HIIT interventions in psychiatric inpatient settings. This study sought to qualitatively investigate, in inpatients with SMI, carer and staff groups, perspectives on implementing HIIT interventions for patient groups in inpatient settings. METHODS Seven focus groups and one individual interview were conducted. These included three focus groups held with inpatients with SMI (n=13), two held with carers (n=15), and two held with healthcare professionals working in inpatient settings (n=11). An additional individual interview was conducted with one patient participant. RESULTS Two key themes emerged from the data, across all participants, that reflected the 'Positivity' in the application of HIIT interventions in psychiatric inpatient settings with beliefs that it would help patients feel more relaxed, build their fitness, and provide a break from the monotony of ward environments. The second theme related to 'Implementation concerns', that reflected subthemes about i) patient motivation, ii) patient safety and iii) practical logistical factors, including having access to the right sports clothing and staff availability. LIMITATIONS Investigations were limited to one mental health service provider and participants might already be those with an interest in exercise-based interventions. CONCLUSIONS HIIT interventions for SMI inpatients were perceived positively by key stakeholders. However, individual and organisational barriers to successful implementation are identified and should be addressed in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Martland
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychosis Studies, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Fiona Gaughran
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychosis Studies, London, United Kingdom; National Psychosis Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychological Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Juliana Onwumere
- National Psychosis Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, United Kingdom; eKing's College London, London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychology, United Kingdom
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18
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Prado RCR, Silveira R, Kilpatrick MW, Pires FO, Asano RY. Menstrual Cycle, Psychological Responses, and Adherence to Physical Exercise: Viewpoint of a Possible Barrier. Front Psychol 2021; 12:525943. [PMID: 33679501 PMCID: PMC7929979 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.525943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Cosme Ramos Prado
- Women's Science Studies and Research Academy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Silveira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Oliveira Pires
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Yukio Asano
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Prado RCR, Silveira R, Kilpatrick MW, Pires FO, Asano RY. The effect of menstrual cycle and exercise intensity on psychological and physiological responses in healthy eumenorrheic women. Physiol Behav 2021; 232:113290. [PMID: 33333131 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Psychological responses such as affect, mood, motivation, anxiety are important considerations for exercise adherence. A large body of evidence indicates that exercise intensity is a controllable variable capable of increasing positive feelings. Investigations thus far, however, have not considered that the higher incidence of negative psychological responses in women could be due to physiological particularities of the menstrual cycle (MC). This project investigates the effect of MC phases and exercise intensity on psychophysiological responses in fourteen healthy, eumenorrheic and physically active women. Measuring psychophysiological responses before, during and after exercise, participants completed two exercise bouts of 15 min above and below the anaerobic threshold in the follicular phase (FP) and the luteal phase (LP) of the MC. Lower levels of depression and hostility and higher levels of vigor, affect and motivation were observed during exercise in the FP. Exercise at moderate intensity elicited more positive psychological responses compared to high-intensity exercise, highlighted by findings that affect and rating of perceived exertion were worse in the LP without changes in physiological responses. These findings suggest no effect of MC on physiological responses, but psychological responses are impaired in the LP, worsening particularly during exercise at high intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Cosme Ramos Prado
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo. São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Silveira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus W Kilpatrick
- College of Education - University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Flávio Oliveira Pires
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo. São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Yukio Asano
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo. São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Plag J, Schmidt-Hellinger P, Klippstein T, Mumm JLM, Wolfarth B, Petzold MB, Ströhle A. Working out the worries: A randomized controlled trial of high intensity interval training in generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 76:102311. [PMID: 33007710 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise (AE) demonstrated an overall medium treatment effect in anxiety disorders (AD) but there is evidence for an "intensity-response" relationship. High intensity interval training (HIIT) was highly effective on a range of (mental) health parameters. However, so far no randomised-controlled trial (RCT) investigated the efficacy of HIIT in AD. METHODS 33 patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were randomly assigned to 12-day HIIT or a training of lower intensity (LIT). Anxiety, comorbid depression, stress-related bodily symptoms and perceived control over anxiety related stimuli (PC) were assessed at baseline, post-training and 30 days after baseline by using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), the Hamilton Inventories for Anxiety and Depression (Ham-A, Ham-D), the Screening for Somatoform Symptoms-7 (SOMS-7) and the Anxiety Control Questionnaire (ACQ-R). RESULTS Both interventions showed moderate or large effects on all clinical measures. However, effects for HIIT were generally about twice as high as for LIT. PC negatively correlated with GAD severity in the whole sample at baseline but an association of training-induced changes in PC and worrying were exclusively detectable in HIIT. CONCLUSION HIIT was highly effective and fast acting in GAD. Therefore, it may complement first-line treatment approaches in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Plag
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Paul Schmidt-Hellinger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Sports Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Theresa Klippstein
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jennifer L M Mumm
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Sports Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Moritz B Petzold
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Souza D, Coswig V, de Lira CAB, Gentil P. H″IT″ting the Barriers for Exercising during Social Isolation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E245. [PMID: 32847134 PMCID: PMC7565488 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is traditionally recommended to improve general health and prevent many non-communicable diseases. However, the measures adopted to control the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak culminated with closing of exercise facilities and fitness centers and, as a primary consequence, impaired aerobic exercise practice. This contributed to an increase in risk factors associated with physical inactivity such as insulin resistance, high blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, weight gain, and mental health problems. The scenario is worrisome, and it is important to propose alternatives for exercise practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interval training (IT) emerges as an exercise mode that might be feasible, low-cost, and potentially safe to be performed in many different places. IT consists of interspersing relative brief bouts of high-intensity exercise with recovery periods and promotes similar or greater health benefits when compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise. Among the different types of IT, sprint interval training and "Tabata protocols" might be particularly useful during social isolation. These protocols can be controlled and performed without the need of complex equipment and can be adapted to different places, including domestic environments. In this article, we present variations of IT as possible alternatives to cope physical inactivity during COVID-19 pandemics with a focus on its practical applications. The protocols suggested can be performed without the need of specialized equipment or facilities, in a time-efficient manner, and aiming to prevent detraining or even improve physical fitness and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Souza
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Victor Coswig
- College of Physical Education, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil;
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
- Hypertension League, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-020, Brazil
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Gerber M, Beck J, Brand S, Cody R, Donath L, Eckert A, Faude O, Fischer X, Hatzinger M, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Imboden C, Lang U, Mans S, Mikoteit T, Oswald A, Pühse U, Rey S, Schreiner AK, Schweinfurth N, Spitzer U, Zahner L. The impact of lifestyle Physical Activity Counselling in IN-PATients with major depressive disorders on physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, depression, and cardiovascular health risk markers: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:367. [PMID: 31221205 PMCID: PMC6585067 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a widespread and burdensome psychiatric issue. Physical activity counselling may increase lifestyle physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in this specific and particularly vulnerable population, which often suffers from both mental and physical health problems. Therefore, this study will examine the impact of a lifestyle physical activity counselling intervention on physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, depression, and cardiovascular health risk markers among in-patients diagnosed with MDD compared to controls. Secondary purposes are to examine the acceptability and perceived usefulness of the intervention among these patients, to find out whether the effectiveness of the intervention is moderated by genetic factors, and to compare baseline values with an age- and gender-matched group of healthy controls. METHODS The study is designed as a multi-centric two-arm randomized clinical trial including an intervention group and a placebo control group, allocation concealment, single-blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis. Participants (N = 334) will be continuously recruited from four clinics specialized in the treatment of MDD. The intervention builds on a standardized, theory-based, low-cost lifestyle physical activity counselling programme, which was specifically designed for an in-patient rehabilitation setting. The placebo control condition consists of general instructions about health-enhancing physical activity. Data assessments will take place 2-3 weeks after admission to in-patient treatment (baseline), and 6 weeks (post) and 12 months (follow-up) after discharge from in-patient treatment. The primary outcome is objectively assessed physical activity at follow-up. DISCUSSION Because regular physical activity has proven to be an important predictor of long-term response and remission in patients with major depression, we believe that our planned study may lay important groundwork by showing how individually tailored lifestyle physical activity counselling can be integrated into given clinical structures. Improving physical activity may have important implications for tackling metabolic and cardiovascular disease and increasing mood and cognitive functioning in this at-risk population, hence limiting the future burden of multiple chronic conditions. Increased physical activity may also reduce the likelihood of future depressive episodes. By moving towards the primary prevention of chronic physical conditions, much can be done to enhance the quality and quantity of life of people with MDD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN10469580 . Registered on 3 September 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), Basel, Switzerland
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Lars Donath
- German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Eckert
- University of Basel, Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Undine Lang
- University of Basel, Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mans
- Private Clinic Wyss, Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland
| | | | - Anja Oswald
- Psychiatric Clinic Sonnenhalde, Riehen, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Rey
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nina Schweinfurth
- University of Basel, Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Spitzer
- University of Basel, Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Gerber M, Minghetti A, Beck J, Zahner L, Donath L. Is improved fitness following a 12-week exercise program associated with decreased symptom severity, better wellbeing, and fewer sleep complaints in patients with major depressive disorders? A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 113:58-64. [PMID: 30903972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most burdensome disorders worldwide. While exercise training in patients with MDD contributes to clinically relevant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, whether and to what degree changes in cardiorespiratory fitness impact depressive symptom severity has not yet been addressed systematically in prior research. The purpose of our study was threefold. Firstly, to examine whether baseline levels and improvements in objectively assessed VO2max and subjectively perceived fitness predicted endpoint levels and change in depressive symptoms, wellbeing and sleep. Secondly, to determine whether exercise modality (sprint interval training [SIT]) versus continuous aerobic exercise training [CAT]) predicted depressive symptoms, wellbeing and sleep. Thirdly, whether the affective responses during and following exercise predicted depressive symptoms, wellbeing and sleep. All measurements were taken in a sample of inpatients diagnosed with MDD. The sample consisted of 53 participants (41 women and 12 men, Mage = 36.3 years, SD = 11.3) with unipolar depression who were randomly assigned to SIT and CAT. Data were assessed at baseline and after four weeks of exercise training (including three weekly 35 min sessions). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that improvements in VO2max were associated with fewer depressive symptoms, better mental wellbeing, and better sleep after completion of the intervention. Additionally, improvements in perceived fitness were associated with fewer dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions and higher mental toughness post-intervention. Improvements in VO2max and perceived fitness were also associated with favorable changes in depressive symptoms, mental wellbeing, and sleep. More research is needed to find out which fitness tests are most time- and cost-efficient in a clinical setting and most acceptable for psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alice Minghetti
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Lukas Zahner
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Lars Donath
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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