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Chau T, Tiego J, Brown LE, Mellahn OJ, Johnson BP, Arnatkeviciute A, Fulcher BD, Matthews N, Bellgrove MA. The distribution of parent-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and subclinical autistic traits in children with and without an ADHD diagnosis. JCPP ADVANCES 2024; 4:e12223. [PMID: 38827983 PMCID: PMC11143953 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Autistic traits are often reported to be elevated in children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the distribution of subclinical autistic traits in children with ADHD has not yet been established; knowing this may have important implications for diagnostic and intervention processes. The present study proposes a preliminary model of the distribution of parent-reported ADHD and subclinical autistic traits in two independent samples of Australian children with and without an ADHD diagnosis. Methods Factor mixture modelling was applied to Autism Quotient and Conners' Parent Rating Scale - Revised responses from parents of Australian children aged 6-15 years who participated in one of two independent studies. Results A 2-factor, 2-class factor mixture model with class varying factor variances and intercepts demonstrated the best fit to the data in both discovery and replication samples. The factors corresponded to the latent constructs of 'autism' and 'ADHD', respectively. Class 1 was characterised by low levels of both ADHD and autistic traits. Class 2 was characterised by high levels of ADHD traits and low-to-moderate levels of autistic traits. The classes were largely separated along diagnostic boundaries. The largest effect size for differences between classes on the Autism Quotient was on the Social Communication subscale. Conclusions Our findings support the conceptualisation of ADHD as a continuum, whilst confirming the utility of current categorical diagnostic criteria. Results suggest that subclinical autistic traits, particularly in the social communication domain, are unevenly distributed across children with clinically significant levels of ADHD traits. These traits might be profitably screened for in assessments of children with high ADHD symptoms and may also represent useful targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Chau
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthSchool of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthSchool of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Louise E. Brown
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & ParamedicineCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Olivia J. Mellahn
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthSchool of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Beth P. Johnson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthSchool of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Aurina Arnatkeviciute
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthSchool of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ben D. Fulcher
- School of PhysicsThe University of SydneyCamperdownWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Natasha Matthews
- School of PsychologyThe University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Mark A. Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthSchool of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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Dunn VS, Petty S, Laver‐Fawcett A. Provenance of a "sense-sational" wait: A call for introducing sensory processing differences into diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3501. [PMID: 38747736 PMCID: PMC11095298 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sally Dunn
- Humber Foundation NHS Teaching TrustYork St John University, Lord Mayor's WalkYorkUK
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Chan JKY, Cheung TCK, Chan CW, Fang F, Lai KYC, Sun X, O'Reilly H, Golan O, Allison C, Baron-Cohen S, Leung PWL. Enhancing emotion recognition in young autistic children with or without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Hong Kong using a Chinese App version of The Transporters. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:945-958. [PMID: 37522637 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231187176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register - Deutschen Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS) on 23 December 2018. The Trial Registration Number (TRN) is DRKS00016506. LAY ABSTRACT The Transporters App is an intervention programme with 15 animated episodes that teach emotion recognition skills to autistic children between 4 and 6 years of age. Each episode contains a story depicting social interactions between characters in the form of a vehicle, with human faces grafted on to each of them. Each episode teaches a specific emotion in a story context. Autistic children watched at least three episodes at home for about 15 min daily for a month, with parental guidance. Its automated, home-based format is cost-saving and readily accessible. This study translated The Transporters to a Cantonese-Chinese version. Results showed a significant improvement in emotion recognition following viewing The Transporters in a group of Hong Kong Chinese autistic children, between 4 and 6 years of age, with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (n = 48) relative to a control group (n = 24). A non-autistic group (n = 23) showed that the autistic children scored lower in emotion recognition pre-intervention. Post-intervention, the autistic children had improved in emotion recognition to the level of the non-autistic children. The autistic children in the intervention groups also generalized their learning to novel situations/characters not taught within The Transporters. There was no dosage effect, with the standard recommended number of episodes viewed being sufficient to achieve significant improvement. This study confirms the effectiveness of The Transporters for Chinese autistic children and contributes to the literature/practice by expanding the range of applicability of The Transporters to autistic children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which is important given the high rate of co-occurrence between autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fan Fang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Xiang Sun
- University of Cambridge, UK
- Star Kay Bridge Centre for Children with Autism, China
- Quanzhou Normal University, China
| | - Helen O'Reilly
- University of Cambridge, UK
- University College Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Bonti E, Zerva IK, Koundourou C, Sofologi M. The High Rates of Comorbidity among Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Reconsidering the Clinical Utility of Distinct Diagnostic Categories. J Pers Med 2024; 14:300. [PMID: 38541042 PMCID: PMC10971064 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The boundaries between neurodevelopmental disorders are often indistinct, even among specialists. But do these boundaries exist, or do experts struggle to distinguish and categorize symptoms in order to arrive at a dominant diagnosis while comorbidity continually leaves questions about where each disorder ends and begins? What should be reconsidered? The introduction of the term 'spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders' could pave the way for a re-appraisal of the clinical continuum of neurodevelopmental disorders. This study aims to highlight the problems that emerge in the field of the differential diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders and propose a renegotiation of the distinctiveness criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Bonti
- First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, Pavlos Melas, 564 29 Agios Pavlos, Greece;
- School of Education, Special Education Department, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Irini K. Zerva
- School of Education, Special Education Department, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christiana Koundourou
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos 8042, Cyprus; (C.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Sofologi
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos 8042, Cyprus; (C.K.); (M.S.)
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Education School, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
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5
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Skaletski EC, Barry K, Dennis E, Donnelly R, Huerta C, Jones A, Schmidt K, Kabakov S, Ausderau KK, Li JJ, Travers BG. Sensorimotor Features and Daily Living Skills in Autistic Children With and Without ADHD. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06256-y. [PMID: 38443659 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly co-occurs in autistic children. However, additional research is needed to explore the differences in motor skills and sensory features in autistic children with and without ADHD, as well as the impacts of these factors on daily living skills (DLS). This observational study sought to fill this gap with 67 autistic children (6.14-10.84 years-old), 43 of whom had ADHD. Autistic children with ADHD demonstrated higher sensory features and lower motor skills than autistic children without ADHD. In examining autism and ADHD features dimensionally, we found that overall sensory features, seeking, and hyporesponsiveness were driven by both autism and ADHD features, whereas motor skills, enhanced perception, and hyperresponsiveness were driven by only autism features. Additionally, in using these dimensional variables of autism and ADHD features, we found that differences in motor skills, sensory and autism features, but not ADHD features, impact DLS of autistic children, with autism features and motor skills being the strongest individual predictors of DLS. Together, these results demonstrate the uniqueness of motor skills and sensory features in autistic children with and without ADHD, as well as how autism features, sensory features, and motor skills contribute to DLS, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive understanding of each individual and complexities of human development when supporting autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Skaletski
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Kelly Barry
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Occupational Therapy Program in the Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dennis
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Occupational Therapy Program in the Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ryan Donnelly
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Occupational Therapy Program in the Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Celina Huerta
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Occupational Therapy Program in the Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrez Jones
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Occupational Therapy Program in the Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kate Schmidt
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Occupational Therapy Program in the Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sabrina Kabakov
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Occupational Therapy Program in the Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Karla K Ausderau
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Occupational Therapy Program in the Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - James J Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson St, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brittany G Travers
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Occupational Therapy Program in the Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Hayden-Evans M, Evans K, Milbourn B, D'Arcy E, Chamberlain A, Afsharnejad B, Whitehouse A, Bölte S, Girdler S. Validating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets for Autism in a Sample of Australian School-Aged Children on the Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06295-5. [PMID: 38400895 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Assessing functioning of children on the autism spectrum is necessary to determine the level of support they require to participate in everyday activities across contexts. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a comprehensive biopsychosocial framework recommended for classifying health-related functioning in a holistic manner, across the components of body functions, activities and participation, and environmental factors. The ICF Core Sets (ICF-CSs) are sub-sets of relevant codes from the broader framework that provide a basis for developing condition-specific measures. This study combined the ICF-CSs for autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cerebral palsy (CP) to validate the ICF-CSs for autism in an Australian sample of school-aged children. This cross-sectional study involved caregivers of school-aged children on the spectrum (n = 70) completing an online survey and being visited in their homes by an occupational therapist to complete the proxy-report measure based on the ICF-CSs for autism, ADHD and CP. Absolute and relative frequencies of ratings for each of the codes included in the measure were calculated and reported, along with the number of participants who required clarification to understand the terminology used. Findings indicate that the body functions and activities and participation represented in the ICF-CSs for autism were the most applicable for the sample. However, findings relating to environmental factors were less conclusive. Some codes not currently included in the ICF-CSs for autism may warrant further investigation, and the language used in measures based on the ICF-CSs should be revised to ensure clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Hayden-Evans
- Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia.
- , Autism CRC, Long Pocket, Brisbane, QLD, 4850, Australia.
| | - Kiah Evans
- Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- , Autism CRC, Long Pocket, Brisbane, QLD, 4850, Australia
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin Milbourn
- Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- , Autism CRC, Long Pocket, Brisbane, QLD, 4850, Australia
| | - Emily D'Arcy
- Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- , Autism CRC, Long Pocket, Brisbane, QLD, 4850, Australia
| | - Angela Chamberlain
- Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- , Autism CRC, Long Pocket, Brisbane, QLD, 4850, Australia
| | - Bahareh Afsharnejad
- Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Australia
| | - Andrew Whitehouse
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- , Autism CRC, Long Pocket, Brisbane, QLD, 4850, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Sven Bölte
- Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Australia
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, 104 31, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, 104 31, Sweden
| | - Sonya Girdler
- Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Australia
- , Autism CRC, Long Pocket, Brisbane, QLD, 4850, Australia
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, 104 31, Sweden
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Petti T, Gupta M, Fradkin Y, Gupta N. Management of sleep disorders in autism spectrum disorder with co-occurring attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: update for clinicians. BJPsych Open 2023; 10:e11. [PMID: 38088185 PMCID: PMC10755553 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To update and examine available literature germane to the recognition, assessment and treatment of comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep disruption, with a predominant focus on children, adolescents and emerging adults. BACKGROUND Considerable overlaps exist among ASD, ADHD and sleep disruption. Literature and guidance for clinicians, administrators, policy makers and families have been limited, as such deliberations were rarely considered until 2013. METHOD This narrative review of the literature addressing sleep disruption issues among those with ASD, ADHD and comorbid ASD and ADHD involved searching multiple databases and use of reverse citations up to the end of September 2022. Emphasis is placed on secondary sources and relevant data for clinical practice. RESULTS Complex clinical presentations of ASD/ADHD/sleep disruption are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Prior to 2013, prevalence, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, prognosis, other sleep-related factors and interventions were determined separately for each disorder, often with overlapping objective and subjective methods employed in the process. High percentages of ADHD and ASD patients have both disorders and sleep disruption. Here, the extant literature is integrated to provide a multidimensional understanding of the relevant issues and insights, allowing enhanced awareness and better care of this complex clinical population. Database limitations are considered. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of ASD symptomatology in youth with ADHD, and the reverse, in cases with disrupted sleep is critical to address the special challenges for case formulation and treatment. Evidence-based approaches to treatment planning and multi-treatment modalities should consider combining psychosocial and biological interventions to address the complexities of each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Petti
- Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Southwood Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuli Fradkin
- Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Byrne GR, Shafran R, Whadcock K, Bennett SD. The Influence of Comorbidity and Perceived Complexity on Outcomes of Referrals to Children and Young Person Mental Health Services (UK): A Mixed Methods Vignette Study. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1393-1407. [PMID: 36843314 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231155990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Children and young people (CYP) with long-term physical conditions (LTCs) are four times more likely to develop mental health disorders yet many cannot access Children and Young People's Mental Health Services (CYPMHS) or evidence-based interventions. This study aimed to understand the reasons for this; presence of an LTC neurodevelopmental disorder, or service requirements. 79 CYP mental health practitioners were randomly assigned to read vignettes depicting a hypothetical referral letter for a child with a mental health condition alone (n = 27), mental health condition and LTC (n = 25), or mental health condition and neurodevelopmental disorder (Autism Spectrum Disorder-ASD) (n = 27), answering questions about their likelihood of accepting the referral and proposed treatment plan. There were no significant differences between accessing CYPMHS or being offered first line evidence-based interventions in those with a LTC or ASD compared to those without. However, additional perceived complexity was frequently provided as a reason for rejecting referrals and not offering evidence-based intervention, with clinicians' predicted success of intervention significantly lower for these CYP. Clinicians were significantly more likely to suggest adapting the intervention in the LTC and the ASD groups to account for additional perceived complexity. The research suggests a need for additional services for CYP with LTCs and those with neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as training/awareness for clinicians.
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Miniarikova E, Audras-Torrent L, Berard M, Peries M, Picot MC, Munir K, Baghdadli A. Adaptive behaviors and related factors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Report from ELENA cohort. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 163:43-54. [PMID: 37201237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There are strong individual differences in adaptive behaviors (AB) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with conflicting results in literature about specific patterns and related factors. The present study aims to describe AB and identify related factors in terms of clinical and socio-familial characteristics in 875 children and adolescents with ASD in the multiregional ELENA cohort in France. Results showed that AB in children and adolescents with ASD were lower than in typically developing subjects, regardless of age group. AB were associated with clinical (gender, age at diagnosis, IQ, ASD severity, psychiatric comorbidities, motor and language skills, challenging behaviors), interventional (school attendance, special interventions) and familial characteristics (age, educational and socio-economic status of parents, household status, number of siblings). There is a need of interventions focusing on improvement of AB, tailored to children's characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Miniarikova
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles du Neurodéveloppement (CeAND), CHU Montpellier, France.
| | - Lee Audras-Torrent
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles du Neurodéveloppement (CeAND), CHU Montpellier, France.
| | - Mathilde Berard
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles du Neurodéveloppement (CeAND), CHU Montpellier, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807, Villejuif, France.
| | - Marianne Peries
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles du Neurodéveloppement (CeAND), CHU Montpellier, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807, Villejuif, France.
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles du Neurodéveloppement (CeAND), CHU Montpellier, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807, Villejuif, France; Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Information, University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, France.
| | - Kerim Munir
- Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Amaria Baghdadli
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles du Neurodéveloppement (CeAND), CHU Montpellier, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807, Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montpellier, France.
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The shared white matter developmental trajectory anomalies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 124:110731. [PMID: 36764642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show common brain area abnormalities, which may contribute to the high shared co-occurrence symptoms and comorbidity of the two disorders. However, neuroanatomic anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders may change over the course of development, and the developmental variation of these two disorders is unclear. Our study conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases to identify disorder-shared abnormalities of white matter (WM) from childhood to adulthood in ADHD and ASD. 28 ADHD and 23 ASD datasets were included in this meta-analysis and were analysed by AES-SDM to detect differences in fractional anisotropy in patients compared to typically developing individuals. Our main findings reveal the variable WM developmental trajectories in ADHD and ASD respectively, and the two disorders showed overlapping corpus callosum tract abnormalities in their development from children to adults. Furthermore, the overlapping abnormalities of the corpus callosum tract increased with age, which may be related to their gradually increasing shared symptoms and comorbidity in these two disorders.
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Marterosyan J, Gooch J. Neurodivergence and radiology: How medical professionals can optimise the standard of care provided to autistic paediatric patients. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29:680-683. [PMID: 37187064 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have been published regarding patients with various neurodevelopmental diagnoses attending hospital appointments, however, few focus on autism and the radiology department. This paper aims to identify how implementing patient-centred strategies and protocols for autistic paediatric patients will benefit the patient pathway and provide a more comfortable experience for those undergoing different scans and procedures within the radiology department. METHODS Using several electronic databases, articles were collected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and analysed with the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme (CASP). DISCUSSION A total of 8 articles are discussed and analysed in this review, focussing specifically on patient-centred procedures and practice, costs of healthcare services and how multidisciplinary teamwork compares to applied behavioural analysis. RESULTS The articles concluded that the current practice of multidisciplinary working is the most beneficial for patients. Furthermore, implementing autism awareness programmes and patient-specific protocols will help reduce anxiety surrounding scans within the radiology department. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Implementing mandatory autism awareness programmes and continuing with the multidisciplinary approach for autistic paediatric patients would provide the best possible patient-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marterosyan
- Northampton General Hospital, Cliftonville, Northampton, NN1 5BD, UK.
| | - J Gooch
- Kedleston Rd, Derby, DE22 1GB, UK.
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12
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Medina E, Peterson S, Ford K, Singletary K, Peixoto L. Critical periods and Autism Spectrum Disorders, a role for sleep. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2023; 14:100088. [PMID: 36632570 PMCID: PMC9826922 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2022.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development relies on both experience and genetically defined programs. Time windows where certain brain circuits are particularly receptive to external stimuli, resulting in heightened plasticity, are referred to as "critical periods". Sleep is thought to be essential for normal brain development. Importantly, studies have shown that sleep enhances critical period plasticity and promotes experience-dependent synaptic pruning in the developing mammalian brain. Therefore, normal plasticity during critical periods depends on sleep. Problems falling and staying asleep occur at a higher rate in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) relative to typical development. In this review, we explore the potential link between sleep, critical period plasticity, and ASD. First, we review the importance of critical period plasticity in typical development and the role of sleep in this process. Next, we summarize the evidence linking ASD with deficits in synaptic plasticity in rodent models of high-confidence ASD gene candidates. We then show that the high-confidence rodent models of ASD that show sleep deficits also display plasticity deficits. Given how important sleep is for critical period plasticity, it is essential to understand the connections between synaptic plasticity, sleep, and brain development in ASD. However, studies investigating sleep or plasticity during critical periods in ASD mouse models are lacking. Therefore, we highlight an urgent need to consider developmental trajectory in studies of sleep and plasticity in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Medina
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Sarah Peterson
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Ford
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Kristan Singletary
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Lucia Peixoto
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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13
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Ang L, Kim JT, Kim K, Lee HW, Choi JY, Kim E, Lee MS. Acupuncture for Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020392. [PMID: 36837594 PMCID: PMC9965965 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. However, it is uncertain whether the use of acupuncture (AT) in children with ADHD is supported by the current evidence. This review aims to provide updated evidence of the effectiveness of acupuncture in children with ADHD. Methods: Nine databases were searched from their inception to 28 July 2022. Two authors independently screened potentially eligible studies. The quality assessment of the selected studies was performed using Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). The characteristics of the included studies were presented in a tabular form, and a meta-analysis was performed on the treatment effects of AT on ADHD symptoms. Results: Fourteen studies involving 1185 patients evaluating the efficacy of AT for ADHD treatment were included in this review. Compared to conventional medicine alone, the meta-analysis indicated that AT as an add-on to conventional medicine has a positive effect on improving conduct problems, learning problems, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and hyperactivity symptoms in ADHD patients. Similarly, AT alone was found to improve learning problems, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and hyperactivity symptoms in ADHD patients and exhibited better total treatment efficacy than conventional medicine alone. No major adverse events were reported. The risk of bias of the included studies was generally concerning. Conclusions: Evidence on the effectiveness of AT for ADHD patients is currently too limited to provide recommendations for its usage. More studies with the proper methodology are needed for the validation of AT interventions in treating children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ang
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- I-MOM Korean Medicine Clinic, Jeju-si 63232, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibong Kim
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (M.S.L.)
| | - Hye Won Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yong Choi
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseop Kim
- You and Green Korean Medicine Clinic, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (M.S.L.)
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14
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Alenezi S, Alkhiri A, Hassanin W, AlHarbi A, Al Assaf M, Alzunaydi N, Alsharif S, Alhaidar M, Alnujide A, Alkathiri F, Alyousef A, Albassam R, Alkhamees H, Alyahya AS. Findings of a Multidisciplinary Assessment of Children Referred for Possible Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Insights from a Retrospective Chart Review Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12120509. [PMID: 36546992 PMCID: PMC9774162 DOI: 10.3390/bs12120509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with ASD have a wide spectrum of functional deficits in multiple neurodevelopmental domains. A multidisciplinary team assessment (MDT) is required to assess those deficits to help construct a multimodal intervention plan. This is a retrospective chart review of the assessment for children who were referred for an assessment of potential neurodevelopmental disorders. We reviewed 221 participants' charts from January 2019 to January 2020. The mean age of the children was 7.95 ± 3.69, while the mean age of the fathers and mothers was 37.31 ± 8.57 and 31.95 ± 6.93, respectively. Consanguinity was as high as 37.9% for the referred children with developmental delay who were first-degree related, and 13.2% of the parents were second-degree relatives. Approximately 26.6% of children had a family history of mental illness in first-degree relatives. ASD was the most commonly reported diagnosis post-assessment, and ADHD was the most common reported comorbidity at 64.3% and 88.5%, respectively. The MDT findings showed that 58% of children required moderate or higher assistance with toileting, 79.2% were unable to answer yes/no questions, and 86.8% were unable to understand "wh" questions. Only 26% of the nonverbal children had average IQ testing results, and 31% of verbal children did. In conclusion, the mean age of the children when assessed was above that recommended for early screening and intervention. An increased paternal and maternal age was noticeable. Consanguinity and a family history of mental disorders in first-degree relatives were high, attesting to a possible genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliweeh Alenezi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
- SABIC Psychological Health Research and Applications Chair (SPHRAC), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Aqeel Alkhiri
- Department of Mental Health, Al Qunfudah General Hospital, Al Qunfudah 28821, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weaam Hassanin
- Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani AlHarbi
- Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah Al Assaf
- Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Alzunaydi
- Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Alsharif
- Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alhaidar
- Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alnujide
- Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alkathiri
- Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alyousef
- Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Albassam
- Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Alkhamees
- Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Alyahya
- Department of Psychiatry, Eradah Complex for Mental Health, Riyadh 12571, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Krakowski AD, Cost KT, Szatmari P, Anagnostou E, Crosbie J, Schachar R, Duku E, Georgiades S, Ayub M, Kelley E, Nicolson R, Pullenayegum E, Barnett-Tapia C. Characterizing the ASD-ADHD phenotype: measurement structure and invariance in a clinical sample. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1534-1543. [PMID: 35342939 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have considerable overlap, supporting the need for a dimensional framework that examines neurodevelopmental domains which cross traditional diagnostic boundaries. In the following study, we use factor analysis to deconstruct the ASD-ADHD phenotype into its underlying phenotypic domains and test for measurement invariance across adaptive functioning, age, gender and ASD/ADHD clinical diagnoses. METHODS Participants included children and youth (aged 3-20 years) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD (n = 727) or ADHD (n = 770) for a total of 1,497 participants. Parents of these children completed the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), a measure of autism symptoms, and the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD and Normal Behaviour (SWAN) questionnaire, a measure of ADHD symptoms. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on combined SCQ and SWAN items. This was followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and tests of measurement invariance. RESULTS EFA revealed a four-factor solution (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, social-communication, and restricted, repetitive, behaviours and interests (RRBI)) and a CFA confirmed good model fit. This solution also showed good model fit across subgroups of interest. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that a combined ASD-ADHD phenotype is characterized by two latent ASD domains (social communication and RRBIs) and two latent ADHD domains (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity). We established measurement invariance of the derived measurement model across adaptive functioning, age, gender and ASD/ADHD diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta D Krakowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Duku
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster Children's Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster Children's Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eleanor Pullenayegum
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carolina Barnett-Tapia
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Carpenter KLH, Davis NO, Spanos M, Sabatos-DeVito M, Aiello R, Baranek GT, Compton SN, Egger HL, Franz L, Kim SJ, King BH, Kolevzon A, McDougle CJ, Sanders K, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Sikich L, Kollins SH, Dawson G. Adaptive Behavior in Young Autistic Children: Associations with Irritability and ADHD Symptoms. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05753-2. [PMID: 36222990 PMCID: PMC10090229 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms affect 40-60% of autistic children and have been linked to differences in adaptive behavior. It is unclear whether adaptive behavior in autistic youth is directly impacted by co-occurring ADHD symptoms or by another associated feature of both autism and ADHD, such as increased irritability. The current study examined relationships between irritability, ADHD symptoms, and adaptive behavior in 3- to 7-year-old autistic children. Results suggest that, after adjusting for co-occurring ADHD symptoms, higher levels of irritability are associated with differences in social adaptive behavior specifically. Understanding relationships between irritability, ADHD, and adaptive behavior in autistic children is critical because measures of adaptive behavior, such as the Vineland Scales of Adaptive Functioning, are often used as a proxy for global functioning, as well as for developing intervention plans and measuring outcomes as primary endpoints in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L H Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Naomi O Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Marina Spanos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maura Sabatos-DeVito
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Aiello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Grace T Baranek
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott N Compton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Lauren Franz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Soo-Jeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bryan H King
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kevin Sanders
- Product Development Neuroscience, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Linmarie Sikich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott H Kollins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Geraldine Dawson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Streeter B, Sadek J. Developmental Risk, Adversity Experiences and ADHD Clinical Profiles: A Naturalistic Exploratory Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070919. [PMID: 35884726 PMCID: PMC9313383 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a persistent neurodevelopmental disorder that results from complex interactions of multiple genes and environmental risk and adversity factors. Some researchers have suggested a need for additional research into differing clinical presentations of ADHD for further classification. In this context, this study aimed to investigate whether increases in risk and adversity factors increase the severity of ADHD and the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders. This is a naturalistic retrospective chart review exploratory study in 100 patients 16 years or older who have a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, using the Mann–Whitney test for parametric data and the Chi-square and Kruskal–Wallis p value tests for non-parametric and categorical data. Qualitative data were tabulated and described. The study found that (1) the average number of comorbidities increases with the severity of ADHD, (2) the average number of risk and adversity factors increases with the severity of ADHD, (3) the number of risk and adversity factors were positively associated with the number of comorbidities, and (4) Level of education was negatively associated with the number of risk and adversity factors and the number of comorbidities. The implications of these findings are discussed, and future research in this important area is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Streeter
- Faculty of Sciences (Medical Sciences), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Joseph Sadek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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18
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Tanaka M, Spekker E, Szabó Á, Polyák H, Vécsei L. Modelling the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders. Bioactive kynurenines and their analogues as neuroprotective agents-in celebration of 80th birthday of Professor Peter Riederer. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:627-642. [PMID: 35624406 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following introduction of the monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor selegiline for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), discovery of the action mechanism of Alzheimer's disease-modifying agent memantine, the role of iron in PD, and the loss of electron transport chain complex I in PD, and development of the concept of clinical neuroprotection, Peter Riederer launched one of the most challenging research project neurodevelopmental aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders. The neurodevelopmental theory holds that a disruption of normal brain development in utero or during early life underlies the subsequent emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms during later life. Indeed, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision categorize autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). More and more evidence, especially from preclinical studies, is revealing that neurodevelopmental pathology is not limited to the diagnostic class above, but also contributes to the development of other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as PD and Huntington's disease. Preclinical animal research is taking a lead in understanding the pathomechanisms of NDDs, searching for novel targets, and developing new neuroprotective agents against NDDs. This narrative review discusses emerging evidence of the neurodevelopmental etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, recent advances in modelling neurodevelopmental pathogenesis, potential strategies of clinical neuroprotection using novel kynurenine metabolites and analogues, and future research direction for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Spekker
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-György Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Helga Polyák
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-György Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-György Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary.
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19
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EEG Global Coherence in Scholar ADHD Children during Visual Object Processing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105953. [PMID: 35627489 PMCID: PMC9141182 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Among neurodevelopmental disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the main cause of school failure in children. Notably, visuospatial dysfunction has also been emphasized as a leading cause of low cognitive performance in children with ADHD. Consequently, the present study aimed to identify ADHD-related changes in electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics, associated with visual object processing in school-aged children. We performed Multichannel EEG recordings in 16-year-old children undergoing Navon’s visual object processing paradigm. We mapped global coherence during the processing of local and global visual stimuli that were consistent, inconsistent, or neutral. We found that Children with ADHD showed significant differences in global weighted coherence during the processing of local and global inconsistent visual stimuli and longer response times in comparison to the control group. Delta and theta EEG bands highlighted important features for classification in both groups. Thus, we advocate EEG coherence and low-frequency EEG spectral power as prospective markers of visual processing deficit in ADHD. Our results have implications for the development of diagnostic interventions in ADHD and provide a deeper understanding of the factors leading to low performance in school-aged children.
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20
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Uljarević M, Spackman EK, Cai RY, Paszek KJ, Hardan AY, Frazier TW. Daily living skills scale: Development and preliminary validation of a new, open-source assessment of daily living skills. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1108471. [PMID: 36756637 PMCID: PMC9900738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1108471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autistic individuals and individuals with a range of other neurodevelopmental conditions (NDD) often present with lower levels of daily living skills (DLS) when compared to their neurotypical peers. Importantly, lower levels of DLS have been linked to a range of negative outcomes, including lower rates of post-secondary education, lower employment rates, and higher daily support needs across autism and NDD. However, there are currently no open-source informant-reported instruments for capturing key aspects of DLS. This study describes the development, refinement, and initial psychometric evaluation of a new, relatively brief (53-item). Daily Living Skills Scale (DLSS) in a sample of 1,361 children aged 2-17 years, Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated an excellent fit of unidimensional model to the data (CFI = 0.953, TLI = 0.951, RMSEA = 0.073 [95% CI: 0.071-0.074]). The single-factor CFA model showed evidence of measurement invariance of factor loadings, thresholds, and residual variance (strict invariance) across sex, age, race, and ethnicity. Model reliability and internal consistency were excellent (ω = 0.98; α = 0.97). Conditional reliability estimates indicated very good reliability (= 0.80) for the total DLS scale from very low (θ = -4.2) to high (θ = +2.4) scores. Conceptually derived self-care, homecare, and community participation subscales also showed strong reliability and internal consistency. With further replication, the EFS has excellent potential for wide adoption across research and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Uljarević
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Emily K Spackman
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ru Ying Cai
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, French's Forest, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine J Paszek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Antonio Y Hardan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Thomas W Frazier
- Department of Psychology, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH, United States
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21
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Rosello R, Martinez-Raga J, Mira A, Pastor JC, Solmi M, Cortese S. Cognitive, social, and behavioral manifestations of the co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 26:743-760. [PMID: 34961363 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211065545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT This work aimed to review recent research on the characteristics of individuals who have both autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder due to their high co-occurrence. Thirty-four studies were analyzed and main findings summarized in two content domains focusing on areas that could enhance our understanding of the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of individuals with autism spectrum disorder + attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ASD+). Most of the results suggested that ASD+ is a co-occurring condition associated with more severe impairments in cognitive functioning, adaptive behavior, and increased likelihood to present more emotional/behavioral problems. These results will be helpful to provide improved care plans for individuals with both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.
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22
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Hothi H, Bedard C, Ceccacci A, DiRezze B, Kwan MYW. Evaluated interventions addressing developmental transitions for youth with mental health disorders: a meta-analysis. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:6155-6165. [PMID: 34455880 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1960440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this meta-analysis was to provide a quantitative synthesis of the effects of studies evaluating developmentally appropriate programs or interventions for transition-age youth with mental health disorders. METHODS Studies, between January 1992 and March 2021, were included if they contained a sample population with a median age between 12 and 25 years and with a mental health disorder and described the results of health interventions addressing aspects of developmental transitions. Independent reviewers screened study texts and assessed the risk of bias. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool data on standardized mean differences. RESULTS Under neurodevelopmental studies (6), the effect size of interventions measuring social outcomes was 1.00 (95% CI: -0.01 to 2.00), parental stress levels was -0.10 (95% CI:-0.74 to 0.55), autism symptoms was -0.40 (95% CI: -1.58 to 0.78), and self-determination was 0.16 (95% CI:-0.38 to 0.70). Under mental illness studies (3), the effect size of interventions measuring adolescent depressive symptoms was 0.48 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.96) and parental depressive symptoms was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.20 to 1.97). CONCLUSIONS There is no effect of interventions except on parental depressive symptoms under mental illness studies. Further research with comparable outcomes and assessments is needed.Implications for rehabilitation:Interventions for youth with mental health disorders should be developmentally appropriate and incorporate elements to assist youth in multiple aspects of their lives.The following approaches should be considered in interventions: skills training, prevocational/vocational guidance, a client-centered approach, and/or an ecological/experiential approach.Intervention researchers and practitioners should incorporate similar outcome assessment tools and measures in order to allow for valid comparisons between intervention effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harneet Hothi
- Department of Health, Aging and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Chloe Bedard
- Department of Health Research, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Briano DiRezze
- Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Matthew Y W Kwan
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,INfant and Child Health Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Lassandro G, Ciaccia L, Amoruso A, Palladino V, Palmieri VV, Giordano P. Focus on MicroRNAs as Biomarker in Pediatric Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:826-832. [PMID: 33087027 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201021125512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNAs are considered a class of epigenetic biomarkers. These biomarkers can investigate disease at different stages: diagnosis, therapy or clinical follow-up. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to highlight the innovative use of miRNAs in several childhood diseases. METHODS We conducted a literature review to search the usage of miRNAs in pediatric clinical routine or experimental trials. RESULTS We found a possible key role of miRNAs in different pediatric illnesses (metabolic alterations, coagulation defects, cancer). CONCLUSION The modest literature production denotes that further investigation is needed to assess and validate the promising role of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in pediatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lassandro
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Ciaccia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Amoruso
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Palladino
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana V Palmieri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Giordano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Liu Y, Wang L, Xie S, Pan S, Zhao J, Zou M, Sun C. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Impair Adaptive and Social Function in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:654485. [PMID: 35002788 PMCID: PMC8727694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.654485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-exists with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which may aggravate functional impairment. However, it is unclear how comorbid ADHD symptoms influence the adaptive behavior and social interaction deficits of children with ASD. Methods: The study enrolled 340 children (ranging from 2 to 14 years) with ASD, with comorbid ASD and ADHD, or with typical development (TD). A psychological evaluation involving adaptive behavior and social function was conducted using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Second Edition (VABS-II) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Results: There was a high prevalence of ADHD symptoms (46.6%) in children with ASD, and children with ASD + ADHD presented the worse profile of ASD symptoms. The ASD + ADHD group had higher scores on VABS and lower scores on SRS in comparison with the ASD alone group and TD group. The regression analysis revealed that ASD symptoms and ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with greater impairments in adaptive behavior and social function. The ADHD symptoms were responsible for an additional 0.8% of the variance in adaptive behavior, and 9.5% of the variance in social function. Conclusions: More severe ASD symptoms and greater impairment in adaptive function and social ability were found in children with ASD and comorbid ADHD, highlighting the need to identify ADHD comorbidities early on in children with ASD and to reduce their negative impact on functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luxi Wang
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu Xie
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shixu Pan
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyang Zou
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Caihong Sun
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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25
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Li HH, Wang CX, Feng JY, Wang B, Li CL, Jia FY. A Developmental Profile of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in China Using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales. Front Psychol 2020; 11:570923. [PMID: 33240159 PMCID: PMC7680850 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to profile the mental development of children aged 18 to 96 months with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the Chinese version of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (GMDS), and to explore the relationships between developmental levels and ASD severity, the sex of the child and the age of ASD diagnosis. Children with ASD (n = 398; 337 boys, 61 girls) were recruited and ASD severity evaluated using the Autism Behavior Checklist and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, while the GMDS was used to evaluate the children's mental development. Study participants were divided into groups according to GMDS general and subscale quotients, ASD severity, sex, and age. The majority of groups divided according to the GMDS quotients exhibited an unbalanced distribution in respect of the six domains of the GMDS and there were significant differences within the six subscale quotients. Autism severity, sex and age had significant effects on the overall level of development of autistic children. The quotients recorded for the children with more severe ASD were significantly lower than those for the children with less severe ASD. A markedly higher proportion of developmental delay was recorded for girls than boys in relation to the performance subscale. The locomotor quotient decreased in line with age at diagnosis, while autism severity and age had significant effects on the general and subscale quotients and sex had a significant effect on performance quotient. Children with ASD exhibit an uneven cognitive development profile, and their overall developmental levels are affected by autism severity, sex and age. Specific cognitive domains differ according to sex in children with ASD. Locomotor skills tend to decrease according to the age at diagnosis for autistic children aged 18 to 84 months. Autism severity and age are also associated with the level of functioning in different cognitive areas. These findings contribute to define the cognitive developmental profiles of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hua Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun-Yan Feng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei-Yong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Changchun, China
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Sesso G, Cristofani C, Berloffa S, Cristofani P, Fantozzi P, Inguaggiato E, Narzisi A, Pfanner C, Ricci F, Tacchi A, Valente E, Viglione V, Milone A, Masi G. Autism Spectrum Disorder and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Comorbidities Delineate Clinical Phenotypes in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Novel Insights from the Assessment of Psychopathological and Neuropsychological Profiles. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123839. [PMID: 33256132 PMCID: PMC7760262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although childhood-onset psychiatric disorders are often considered as distinct and separate from each other, they frequently co-occur, with partial overlapping symptomatology. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly co-occur with each other and with other mental disorders, particularly disruptive behavior disorders, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD). Whether these associated comorbidities represent a spectrum of distinct clinical phenotypes is matter of research. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical phenotypes of youths with ADHD with and without ASD and/or ODD/CD, based on neuropsychological and psychopathological variables. One-hundred fifty-one participants with ADHD were prospectively recruited and assigned to four clinical groups, and assessed by means of parent-reported questionnaires, the child behavior checklist and the behavior rating inventory of executive functions. The ADHD alone group presented a greater impairment in metacognitive executive functions, ADHD+ASD patients presented higher internalizing problems and deficits in Shifting tasks, and ADHD+ODD/CD subjects presented emotional-behavioral dysregulation. Moreover, ADHD+ASD+ODD/CD individuals exhibited greater internalizing and externalizing problems, and specific neuropsychological impairments in the domains of emotional regulation. Our study supports the need to implement the evaluation of the psychopathological and neuropsychological functioning profiles, and to characterize specific endophenotypes for a finely customized establishment of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sesso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Chiara Cristofani
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Stefano Berloffa
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Paola Cristofani
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Pamela Fantozzi
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Emanuela Inguaggiato
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonio Narzisi
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Chiara Pfanner
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Federica Ricci
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Annalisa Tacchi
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Elena Valente
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Valentina Viglione
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-886306
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (P.C.); (P.F.); (E.I.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (F.R.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (V.V.); (G.M.)
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27
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Bundgaard-Nielsen C, Knudsen J, Leutscher PDC, Lauritsen MB, Nyegaard M, Hagstrøm S, Sørensen S. Gut microbiota profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic literature review. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1172-1187. [PMID: 32329656 PMCID: PMC7524304 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1748258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has implicated an involvement of the gut-brain axis in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however with highly diverse results. This systematic review aims to describe and evaluate studies investigating the gut microbiota composition in individuals with ASD or ADHD and to evaluate if variations in gut microbiota are associated with these disorders. Twenty-four articles were identified in a systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase up to July 22, 2019. They consisted of 20 studies investigating ASD and four studies investigating ADHD. For ASD, several studies agreed on an overall difference in β-diversity, although no consistent bacterial variation between all studies was reported. For ADHD, the results were more diverse, with no clear differences observed. Several common characteristics in gut microbiota function were identified for ASD compared to controls. In contrast, highly heterogeneous results were reported for ADHD, and thus the association between gut microbiota composition and ADHD remains unclear. For both disorders, methodological differences hampered the comparison of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark,CONTACT Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen Centre for Clinical Research North Denmark Regional Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Bispensgade 37, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark
| | - Julie Knudsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter D. C. Leutscher
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marlene B. Lauritsen
- Research Unit for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Hagstrøm
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Pediatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Suzette Sørensen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Wallisch A, Little L, Dean E, Dunn W. Parent concerns: Differentiating developmental diagnoses in young children. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 103:103684. [PMID: 32454302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening guidelines recommend listening closely to parent concerns to aid in the identification of children with disabilities, since parent concerns may be predictive of an eventual child diagnosis. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis to examine the extent to which specific parent concerns differentiated six diagnostic categories (i.e., ASD, ASD + ADHD, Disruptive Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorder, developmental delays, and speech and language disorders) among 503 children 36-72 months of age. Data was drawn for a large diagnostic center in the Midwest. RESULTS We performed multinomial logistic regression with parent concerns differentiating six diagnostic categories. Results indicated that parent concerns preceding a diagnostic evaluation significantly differ among children with various diagnoses. CONCLUSION Parent concerns often aligned with core diagnostic criteria; regardless of a parent's knowledge of diagnostic criteria, their observations of child behavior are exceptionally insightful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wallisch
- University of Kansas, 444 Minnesota Avenue #300, 66101, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | | | - Evan Dean
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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29
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Escolano-Pérez E, Herrero-Nivela ML, Losada JL. Association Between Preschoolers' Specific Fine (But Not Gross) Motor Skills and Later Academic Competencies: Educational Implications. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1044. [PMID: 32581931 PMCID: PMC7289974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor development is an inseparable component of cognitive development. So, to develop the mind, it is necessary to work the body. Therefore, Early Childhood Education curricula and the scientific literature emphasize the need to promote the development of motor skills during the 1st years of life. These skills are necessary for learning and subsequent academic performance. However, studies frequently offer only a partial view of these relationships. Few works have analyzed the specific relationships between different components of preschool gross and fine motor skills and subsequent performance on different academic competencies. Further, they present discrepant results. The aim of this study was to determinate which specific components of gross and fine motor skills assessed in Spanish students during the final year of Early Childhood Education (5 to 6-year-olds) were associated with different academic competencies assessed in the following academic year, when the students were in their 1st year of Primary Education. The final sample consisted of 38 Spanish students, aged 5. A mixed methods approach was used. It consisted of systematic observation to assess specific components of gross and fine motor skills when children were in the Early Childhood Education period, and selective methodology to evaluate their academic competencies (specifically in literacy and mathematics and overall), 1 year later, once in Primary Education. Multiple linear regression models were constructed using the computing language R to examine the association between motor skills and academic competencies. The results indicated that only the components of fine motor skills showed associations with academic competencies. The pattern of association varied when literacy and mathematics competencies were specifically and individually assessed and when overall academic competency was considered. The two assessed fine motor skills (Coordination and Integration) were associated with literacy competency (β = 0.344, p = 0.025; β = 0.349, p = 0.024, respectively) and overall academic competency (β = 0.267, p = 0.065; β = 0.493, p = 0.001, respectively). However, only Integration was associated with mathematics competency (β = 0.476, p = 0.002). The "Discussion" section focuses on the educational implications of these results and future research. It highlights the importance of early assessment of fine motor skills to identify students likely to present inadequate subsequent academic performance and the need to apply instruction and interventions tailored to the specific needs of each child.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Luis Losada
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Ioannou C, Seernani D, Stefanou ME, Biscaldi-Schaefer M, Tebartz Van Elst L, Fleischhaker C, Boccignone G, Klein C. Social Visual Perception Under the Eye of Bayesian Theories in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Modeling of Spatial and Temporal Parameters. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:585149. [PMID: 33101094 PMCID: PMC7546363 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.585149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Social interaction in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by qualitative impairments that highly impact quality of life. Bayesian theories in ASD frame an understanding of underlying mechanisms suggesting atypicalities in the evaluation of probabilistic links within the perceptual environment of the affected individual. To address these theories, the present study explores the applicability of an innovative Bayesian framework on social visual perception in ASD and demonstrates the use of gaze transitions between different parts of social scenes. We applied advanced analyses with Bayesian Hidden Markov Modeling (BHMM) to track gaze movements while presenting real-life scenes to typically developing (TD) children and adolescents (N = 25) and participants with ASD and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ASD+ADHD, N = 15) and ASD without comorbidity (ASD, N = 12). Regions of interest (ROIs) were generated by BHMM based both on spatial and temporal gaze behavior. Social visual perception was compared between groups using transition and fixation variables for social (faces, bodies) and non-social ROIs. Transition variables between faces, namely gaze transitions between faces and likelihood of linking faces, were reduced in the ASD+ADHD compared to TD participants. Fixation count to faces was also reduced in this group. The ASD group showed similar performance to TD in the studied variables. There was no difference between groups for non-social ROIs. Our study provides an innovative, interpretable example of applying Bayesian theories of social visual perception in ASD. BHMM analyses and gaze transitions have the potential to reveal fundamental social perception components in ASD, contributing thus to amelioration of social-skill interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chara Ioannou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Divya Seernani
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Elena Stefanou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Biscaldi-Schaefer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz Van Elst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Fleischhaker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Child and Adoelscent Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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