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He M, Tong KK. The Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy in Responsible Gambling. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10309-3. [PMID: 38831238 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Responsible gambling (RG) refers to a set of protective strategies aiming at containing the negative consequences associated with gambling. To improve the effectiveness of RG, it is essential to understand factors influencing gamblers' adherence to RG. Past literatures on addictive behaviors have demonstrated that one's self-efficacy and self-esteem are associated with the adherence to protective behaviors of the specific addictive behaviors. The present study aims to test whether gamblers' self-esteem and RG self-efficacy can be applied to explain their adherence to protective gambling behaviors. Two hundred and thirty-six past-year gamblers were randomly selected to take part in a phone survey. Path analysis showed that both gamblers' RG self-efficacy and self-esteem were positively associated with gamblers' RG behaviors, while RG behaviors were negatively linked to the problem gambling tendency. The findings provided insight into potential promotion and intervention strategies based on self-esteem and self-efficacy and those strategies may be adopted in the primary prevention of gambling disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu He
- School of Educational Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Kwok Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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2
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Schwarzkopf L, Bickl A, Daniel J, Papastefanou G, Neyer MA, Gomes de Matos E, Hoch E, Olderbak S, Kraus L, Loy JK. Do breaks in online gambling affect neuropsychological arousal? Conceptual approach and lessons learned from the TESSA-pilot trial. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100530. [PMID: 38327759 PMCID: PMC10848032 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mandatory breaks have been discussed as a harm reduction strategy in the context of gambling for several years, but their effectiveness remains unclear. The TESSA pilot study examines the association of physiological arousal (PA) and mandatory breaks during gambling with an aim to conceptualize the framework for a subsequent randomized controlled trial. Material and methods In a one-armed experimental pilot study 28 participants engaged in a simulated online slot game with mandatory breaks. PA, disentangled into fear, anger, joy, attraction, balance, and retraction, was continuously monitored via skin conductivity and skin temperature. The occurrence of PA in distinct phases (phase 1: initiation, phase 2: pre-break, phase 3: post-break) was contrasted by multilevel logistic regression. Results Fear and attraction did not change. Compared to phase 1, anger (OR = 0.698; p = 0.015) and joy (OR = 0.714; p = 0.032) were less likely in phase 2, with joy also being less likely in phase 3 (OR = 0.690; p = 0.023). Balance was more likely in phase 2 (OR = 5.073; p < 0.0001) than in phase 1 and less likely in phase 3 (OR = 0.348; p < 0.0001) whilst retraction declined from phase to phase. Discussion Mandatory breaks appear suited to offset changes in PA response evolving during gambling, but a sustained effect on initial PA levels should not to be expected. However, to sensitively judge the role of breaks additional framework conditions that impact on gambling behavior (e. g. wins/losses) should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Schwarzkopf
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, 80804 München, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Bickl
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Joana Daniel
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Georgios Papastefanou
- Bodymonitor GmbH für biometrische Wirkungsanalyse, Wolfsgrubenweg 3a, 67069 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marieke A Neyer
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Elena Gomes de Matos
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, 80804 München, Germany
- Department Psychologie, Professur für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Charlotte-Fresenius-Universität, Infanteriestrasse 11a, 80797 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Hoch
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, 80804 München, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department Psychologie, Professur für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Charlotte-Fresenius-Universität, Infanteriestrasse 11a, 80797 Munich, Germany
| | - Sally Olderbak
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, 80804 München, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, 80804 München, Germany
- Department for Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johanna K Loy
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, 80804 München, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Koning IM, van den Eijnden RJ, Vossen HG. From greenwashing to screenwashing? J Behav Addict 2024; 13:1-5. [PMID: 38324033 PMCID: PMC10988409 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In this viewpoint, we introduce the term 'screenwashing', which describes the phenomenon whereby social media platforms, such as TikTok and Instagram, pretend to be more socially responsible than they actually are. That is, social media platforms pretend to be thoughtful about children's health and the prevention of problematic social media use, but this often turns out to be nothing more than "a lick of paint". We describe how features like the one-hour notification on TikTok and Instagram are considered screenwashing and why we believe so. Screenwashing, an unethical practice, has the potential to mislead parents and young users. Consequently, we advocate for increased government intervention to protect our youth from the potential hazards associated with problematic social media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Maria Koning
- Educational and Family Sciences, Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Helen G.M. Vossen
- Education and Pedagogy, Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Yang Z, Deal BE, Carcioppolo N, Zhao Y, Sewall AM. A Content Analysis of Problematic Gambling Prevention Interventions in the United States. J Gambl Stud 2024; 40:51-64. [PMID: 37402118 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Gambling revenue in the United States is at all-time highs while recent and forthcoming legislation relaxes constraints on casino gaming, sports betting, and fantasy sports betting. Increased gambling will result in increased problematic gambling, highlighting the need to study the impact of our problematic gambling prevention interventions. To address this, we conducted a content analysis of problematic gambling prevention messages in the U.S. Results reveal that although there is overlap between theoretically-based messaging appeals recommended by research and those used in actual prevention interventions, health behavior theory is inconsistently applied and there are numerous examples of potential backfire effects. Results are discussed in terms of their impact on theory development and their noteworthy practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Yang
- School of Communication, University of Miami, 5100 Brunson Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
| | - Bonnie E Deal
- School of Communication, University of Miami, 5100 Brunson Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Nick Carcioppolo
- School of Communication, University of Miami, 5100 Brunson Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Communication, University of Miami, 5100 Brunson Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Ashley Marie Sewall
- School of Communication, University of Miami, 5100 Brunson Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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Monreal-Bartolomé A, Barceló-Soler A, García-Campayo J, Bartolomé-Moreno C, Cortés-Montávez P, Acon E, Huertes M, Lacasa V, Crespo S, Lloret-Irles D, Sordo L, Clotas Bote C, Puigcorbé S, López-Del-Hoyo Y. Preventive Gambling Programs for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4691. [PMID: 36981602 PMCID: PMC10048743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gambling disorder in youth is an emerging public health problem, with adolescents and young adults constituting a vulnerable age group for the development of gambling-related problems. Although research has been conducted on the risk factors for gambling disorder, very few rigorous studies can be found on the efficacy of preventive interventions in young people. The aim of this study was to provide best practice recommendations for the prevention of disordered gambling in adolescents and young adults. We reviewed and synthesized the results of existing RCTs and quasi-experimental studies covering nonpharmacological prevention programs for gambling disorder in young adults and adolescents. We applied the PRISMA 2020 statement and guidelines to identify 1483 studies, of which 32 were included in the systematic review. All studies targeted the educational setting, i.e., high school and university students. Most studies followed a universal prevention strategy, that particularly targeted adolescents, and an indicated prevention strategy for university students. The reviewed gambling prevention programs generally showed good results in terms of reducing the frequency and severity of gambling, and also regarding cognitive variables, such as misconceptions, fallacies, knowledge, and attitudes towards gambling. Finally, we highlight the need to develop more comprehensive prevention programs that incorporate rigorous methodological and assessment procedures before they are widely implemented and disseminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Monreal-Bartolomé
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion Research Network (RICAPPS), 50015 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Barceló-Soler
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Healthcare Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion Research Network (RICAPPS), 50015 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Miguel Servet, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cruz Bartolomé-Moreno
- Primary Care Teaching Unit for Zaragoza Healthcare District 1, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Cortés-Montávez
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Acon
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Huertes
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Víctor Lacasa
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sofía Crespo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Lloret-Irles
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Luis Sordo
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Yolanda López-Del-Hoyo
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion Research Network (RICAPPS), 50015 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Marko S, Thomas SL, Pitt H, Daube M. The impact of responsible gambling framing on people with lived experience of gambling harm. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2023; 8:1074773. [PMID: 36960306 PMCID: PMC10028136 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1074773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The framing of health issues influences how people think about and respond to these topics. Gambling has largely been framed as an issue of personal responsibility, with the gambling industry, governments and some researchers promoting responsible gambling strategies as a way to address gambling harm. While there is evidence that the internalization of personal responsibility can negatively impact gamblers, this study aimed to explore how people who have experienced gambling harm interpret and apply personal responsibility frames and 'gamble responsibly' messages in their lives. METHODS In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom and telephone with 15 gamblers who had been harmed by their own gambling and six affected others who had been harmed by someone else's gambling. This study was informed by public health and critical qualitative approaches to inquiry. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Four themes were constructed from the data. First, gamblers and affected others generally conceptualized gambling and gambling harm as being the responsibility of the individual because it was perceived as the outcome of individual behavior. Second, they attempted to apply responsibility to their own experience either as gamblers who tried to stop or reduce their gambling, or affected others who felt responsible for helping the gambler in their lives. Third, gamblers and affected others were negatively impacted when it was perceived the gambler could not 'control' their gambling or had not done enough to take responsibility. Finally, gamblers and affected others recommended responsible gambling strategies be reframed to be more effective at addressing gambling harm. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence further supporting research demonstrating that personal responsibility frames may have unintended or negative consequences for gamblers and affected others. It underscores the need to reframe public messages about gambling away from responsible gambling, and toward research-based messages that can complement broader legislative changes and other measures to protect individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Marko
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha L. Thomas
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah Pitt
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mike Daube
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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7
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Individual differences and predictors of general awareness in problem gambling. Addict Behav 2023; 136:107505. [PMID: 36183686 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In Canada, up to 3% of individuals have or are at risk of gambling disorder. Among these individuals, a lack of awareness of their problem gambling is a common barrier to treatment and negatively affects treatment adherence. A secondary analysis was conducted on data from 1346 individuals (mean age = 43.4, SD = 14.4; 54.3 % male) with problem gambling who did and did not perceive having a problem with their gambling as assessed by the fifth item of the Problem Gambling Severity Index, "In the past twelve months, how often have you felt that you might have a problem with gambling?" Additionally, we investigated predictors of increased general awareness at 12-month follow-up. At baseline, individuals who perceived a problem with their gambling experienced more gambling-related harms (OR = 1.714), had greater total gambling losses (OR = 1.067), were more likely to have a family history of problem gambling (OR = 2.143), experienced a greater loss of control (OR = 1.313) and more often gambled alone than with others (OR = 0.879), accounting for 26.6 % of the variance in general awareness. Baseline problem awareness was positively associated with attempts to cut down or control gambling at follow-up (χ2=11.350,p<.001), but negatively associated with remission (χ2=18.392,p<.001). Increases in awareness were related to an increase in the number of gambling-related harms, gambling involvement, impaired control, and lower educational attainment, explaining 35.5% of the variance in increased general awareness. The results indicate that experiencing more gambling-related harms increases the salience and awareness of problem gambling, and that awareness is also associated with an individual's gambling context, their loss of control, and their level of gambling involvement. The findings highlight the importance of gambling harms as they pertain to general awareness and suggest that improving the recognition of gambling harms could be beneficial for the prevention and intervention of gambling disorder.
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8
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Weidner L. Gambling and financial markets a comparison from a regulatory perspective. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2022; 7:1023307. [PMID: 36479159 PMCID: PMC9719960 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.1023307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses similarities between the finance industry and the gambling industry. It considers empirical studies from both fields and compares both industries with regard to possible substitution effects. Afterwards, the current regulatory approach to gambling and financial markets is discussed. Based on this literature review, the author points out that regulators need to acknowledge the fact that both markets possess addictive properties and attract certain risk-seeking individuals. Moreover, the regulators need to find a way to align their fundamentally different objectives to find common solutions to cross-industry problems. Finally, an increased cooperation between (state) authorities is necessary. This cooperation could help to protect traders from developing gambling-related problems, provide significant insights for industry-wide and product-specific regulation and lead to a more informed use of technology for harm prevention purposes. The most important similarities and differences of both markets and the resulting regulatory implications are briefly summarized.
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Langeland E, Johnsen IF, Sømme KK, Morken AM, Erevik EK, Kolberg E, Jonsson J, Mentzoni RA, Pallesen S. One size does not fit all. Should gambling loss limits be based on income? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1005172. [PMID: 36465287 PMCID: PMC9709812 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1005172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has suggested empirically based gambling loss limits, with the goal of preventing gambling related harm in the population. However, there is a lack of studies relating gambling loss limits to individual factors such as income. The current study examines whether gambling loss limits should be income-specific. Materials and methods The dataset was derived from three representative cross-sectional surveys of the Norwegian population and consisted of 14,630 gamblers. Four income groups, based on a quartile approximation, were formed. Gambling related harm was measured with the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), and precision-recall (PR) analyses were used to identify loss limits for the different income groups at two levels of gambling severity: moderate-risk gambling and problem gambling. Results For both levels of gambling severity, we found the lowest income group to have the lowest gambling loss limits, and the highest income group to have the highest loss limits, which compared to the loss limits for the total sample, were lower and higher, respectively. Calculating the cut-offs for moderate-risk gamblers, we found a consistently ascending pattern from the lowest to the highest income group. Calculating the cut-offs for problem gamblers, we found a similar pattern except for the two middle income groups. Conclusion The results suggest that income moderates empirically derived gambling loss limits. Although replication is required, income-based gambling loss limits may have higher applied value for preventing gambling related harm, compared to general loss limits aimed at the entire population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Langeland
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kaja Kastrup Sømme
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arne Magnus Morken
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eilin Kristine Erevik
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirin Kolberg
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jakob Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rune Aune Mentzoni
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Preventive Interventions and Harm Reduction in Online and Electronic Gambling: A Systematic Review. J Gambl Stud 2022; 39:883-911. [PMID: 35999322 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Gambling possess both entertaining and potentially harmful aspects. It remains a challenge for public health authorities and gambling operators to recommend and implement effective evidence-based interventions to reduce gambling-related harm and prevent problematic gambling behavior. This systematic review examined studies on randomized controlled trials in this field, aiming to describe and evaluate the effect of preventive and harm-reducing interventions for online gambling and electronic gaming machines. A systematic literature search was performed in PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS. Study selection, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently, and a synthesis was performed. A total of 18 studies were included, of which the majority were limited by quality issues. The applied interventions focused on restraining gambling, providing feedback, delivering therapeutic and informative content, and priming analytical thinking. The studies varied greatly in terms of specific intervention content, study setting, participants, and outcome measures, and no consistent patterns could be detected between study characteristics and related effects. Although research in the field is growing, there is still a need for further methodologically rigorous investigation and consensus on outcome measures sensitive to effects of preventive and harm-reducing interventions.
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Mutti-Packer S, Kim HS, McGrath DS, Ritchie EV, Wohl MJA, Rockloff M, Hodgins DC. An experiment on the perceived efficacy of fear-based messages in online roulette. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2038655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyoun S. Kim
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel S. McGrath
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emma V. Ritchie
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Matthew Rockloff
- Department of Psychology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QD, Australia
| | - David C. Hodgins
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Catania M, Griffiths MD. Analyzing Consumer Protection for Gamblers Across Different Online Gambling Operators: A Replication Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 21:1-16. [PMID: 34776807 PMCID: PMC8577406 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Online gambling is a growing business with many stakeholders. Due to the fact that a small proportion of gamblers develop problems, responsible gambling (RG), player protection, and harm minimization have become core areas for gambling regulators. The present study replicated a previous one carried out by Bonello and Griffiths in 2017 to determine whether there had been any significant changes by leading gambling operators due to increased regulatory pressures over the past few years. Fifty leading online gambling operators were audited in relation to their RG practices as well as engaging with their customer services by posing as a problem gambler. Results indicated that overall RG practices appeared to have improved in the past 3 years based on the information in dedicated RG webpages, the increase in RG tool availability, and the communication with customer services. Despite the fact that RG practices appear to have improved, there were still areas for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris Catania
- Kindred Group, Tigne Point, Level 6, The Centre, Sliema, TPO001 Malta
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
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13
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Larche CJ, Dixon MJ. Winning isn't everything: The impact of optimally challenging smartphone games on flow, game preference and individuals gaming to escape aversive bored states. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Sagoe D, Griffiths MD, Erevik EK, Høyland T, Leino T, Lande IA, Sigurdsson ME, Pallesen S. Internet-based treatment of gambling problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:546-565. [PMID: 34546971 PMCID: PMC8997228 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The effect of internet-based psychological treatment for gambling problems has not been previously investigated by meta-analysis. The present study is therefore a quantitative synthesis of studies on the effects of internet-based treatment for gambling problems. Given that effects may vary according to the presence of therapist support and control conditions, it was presumed that subgroup analyses would elucidate such effects. METHODS A systematic search with no time constraints was conducted in PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Two authors independently extracted data using a predefined form, including study quality assessment based on the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was indexed by Cochran's Q and the I 2 statistics. Publication bias was investigated using trim and fill. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included in the analysis. Random effects models at post-treatment showed significant effects for general gambling symptoms (g = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.43-1.03), gambling frequency (g = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.14-0.45), and amount of money lost gambling (g = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.11-0.27). The corresponding findings at follow-up were g = 1.20 (95% CI = 0.79-1.61), g = 0.36 (95% CI = 0.12-0.60), and g = 0.20 (95% CI = 0.12-0.29) respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that for general gambling symptoms, studies with therapist support yield larger effects than studies without, both post-treatment and at follow-up. Additionally, on general gambling symptoms and gambling frequency, there were lower effect sizes for studies with a control group compared to studies without a control group at follow-up. Studies with higher baseline severity of gambling problems were associated with larger effect sizes at both posttreatment and follow-up than studies with more lenient inclusion criteria concerning gambling problems. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Internet-based treatment has the potential to reach a large proportion of persons with gambling problems. Results of the meta-analysis suggest that such treatments hold promise as an effective approach. Future studies are encouraged to examine moderators of treatment outcomes, validate treatment effects cross-culturally, and investigate the effects of novel developments such as ecological momentary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Sagoe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mark. D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Eilin Kristine Erevik
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Turid Høyland
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tony Leino
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ida Alette Lande
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Optentia, the Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South-Africa,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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15
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Li E, Briley DA, Dixon MJ, Williams RJ. Cross-Cultural Studies Into Gambling Consumption Behavior: Eyeing Eye-Tracking Measures. Front Psychol 2021; 12:646007. [PMID: 34177700 PMCID: PMC8222542 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- En Li
- School of Business and Law, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Donnel A Briley
- The University of Sydney Business School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mike J Dixon
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Robert J Williams
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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