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Newberry-Dupé J, Chu W, Craig S, Borschmann R, O'Reilly G, Yates P, Melvin G, King K, Hiscock H. Adult Mental Health Presentations to Emergency Departments in Victoria, Australia between January 2018 and October 2020: Changes Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic Public Health Restrictions. Psychiatr Q 2024; 95:33-52. [PMID: 37938493 PMCID: PMC10901934 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures altered patterns of help-seeking for mental health, with increases in emergency department utilisation reported. We examined the association between COVID-19 restrictions and adult emergency department (ED) mental health presentations in Victoria, Australia, through secondary analysis of data from 39 public EDs across the state. Participants were all patients (18+ years) presenting between 1 January 2018 and 31 October 2020 with mental health or intentional self-harm. The main outcome was number of presentations for each mental health condition, by patient age, socioeconomic status (SES), location, and ED triage category. We used a Poisson regression model to compare predicted monthly ED presentations based on trends from 2018, 2019 and 2020 (up to 31 March), with observed presentations during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 April to 31 October 2020). There was an average of 4,967 adult mental health presentations per month pre-COVID-19 (1 January-31 March 2020) and 5,054 per month during the COVID-19 period (1 April-31 October 2020). Compared to predicted incidence, eating disorder presentations increased 24.0% in the COVID-19 period, primarily among higher SES females aged 18-24 years. Developmental/behavioural disorder presentations decreased by 19.7% for all age groups. Pandemic restrictions were associated with overall increases in monthly adult ED presentations for mental health, with some disorders increasing and others decreasing. Accessibility of acute mental health services needs to be addressed to meet changing demand and ensure services are responsive to changes in presentations resulting from future public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Newberry-Dupé
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Wanyu Chu
- Centre for Health Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Craig
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Monash Medical Centre, Emergency Service, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Emergency Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rohan Borschmann
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Gerard O'Reilly
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Alfred Campus, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Yates
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Continuing Care Clinical Service Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Glenn Melvin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- Centre for Health Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Yang Z, Huang J, Kwan MP, Liu D. The interplay among individuals' distress, daily activities, and perceptions of COVID-19 and neighborhood cohesion: A study using network analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293157. [PMID: 38236893 PMCID: PMC10796027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The reduction of social interactions through non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) has been shown to effectively curb COVID-19 transmission. However, these control measures were often accompanied by changes in people's daily routines and constraints on their activity space, which could lead to mental distress (i.e., anxiety and depression). This study examined the interplay among individuals' anxiety, depression, daily activities, and perceptions of COVID-19 and neighborhood cohesion. Taking Hong Kong as an example, an online survey (N = 376) was conducted to collect data from participants between March 14 to May 11, 2022. The data include respondents' self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms, daily activities (e.g., smartphone use), perceptions of COVID-19 (e.g., the possibility of infecting COVID-19), and perceptions of neighborhood cohesion. Using network analysis, we found that excessive smartphone use, life disturbance by COVID-19, and a community with people getting along well with each other were significant factors associated with participants' anxiety and depression. Using critical path analysis, we observed that NPIs reduced human mobility, led to delayed bedtime, and increased smartphone use, which were associated with participants' mental distress. We also found that NPIs and COVID-19 were associated with people's perceptions of infection and the severity of COVID-19 and human mobility flexibility, which may further lead to mental distress. Our results also demonstrated that people with high education levels were vulnerable. These results provided important insights for designing appropriate interventions without generating deleterious impacts on people's mental health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchuan Yang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianwei Huang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Hartnett Y, Alshurafa K, McAndrew J, Daly D, Alsaffar M, Cotter D, Cannon M, MacHale S, Murphy KC, Barry H. One year of psychiatric presentations to a hospital emergency department during COVID-19. Ir J Psychol Med 2023; 40:411-417. [PMID: 35285434 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2022.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of the first full year of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions on the volume and nature of psychiatric presentations to an emergency department (ED) in a large academic hospital. METHODS Anonymised clinical data on psychiatric presentations to the ED were collected for the 52-week period from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and compared with corresponding 1 year periods in 2019 and 2018. RESULTS There was a significant increase in psychiatric presentations overall to the ED during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous years, in contrast to a reduction in total presentations for all other specialties. There was a marked increase in psychiatric presentations of those below 18 years, and in the 30-39 years and 40-49 years age groups, but a decrease in the 18-29 years group. There was a significant increase in anxiety disorder presentations but a decrease in alcohol related presentations. There was no significant change observed in the rates of presentations for self-harm or suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric presentations to the ED have increased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in contrast to a decrease in presentations for other medical specialties, with this increase being driven by out-of-hours presentations. The fourfold increase in presentations of young people below the age of 18 years to the ED with mental health difficulties is an important finding and suggests a disproportionate burden of psychological strain placed on this group during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Hartnett
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Joseph McAndrew
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Darren Daly
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan MacHale
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Barry
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Moitra M, Owens S, Hailemariam M, Wilson KS, Mensa-Kwao A, Gonese G, Kamamia CK, White B, Young DM, Collins PY. Global Mental Health: Where We Are and Where We Are Going. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023; 25:301-311. [PMID: 37256471 PMCID: PMC10230139 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent findings in global mental health along several domains including socioeconomic determinants, inequities, funding, and inclusion in global mental health research and practice. RECENT FINDINGS Mental illness continues to disproportionately impact vulnerable populations and treatment coverage continues to be low globally. Advances in integrating mental health care and adopting task-shifting are accompanied by implementation challenges. The mental health impact of recent global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, geo-political events, and environmental change is likely to persist and require coordinated care approaches for those in need of psychosocial support. Inequities also exist in funding for global mental health and there has been gradual progress in terms of building local capacity for mental health care programs and research. Lastly, there is an increasing effort to include people with lived experiences of mental health in research and policy shaping efforts. The field of global mental health will likely continue to be informed by evidence and perspectives originating increasingly from low- and middle-income countries along with ongoing global events and centering of relevant stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modhurima Moitra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Shanise Owens
- Department of Public Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Charles Stewart Mott, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Maji Hailemariam
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Katherine S Wilson
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Augustina Mensa-Kwao
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Gloria Gonese
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Christine K Kamamia
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Belinda White
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Dorraine M Young
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Pamela Y Collins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Anaduaka US, Oladosu AO. School closures and well-being-related topic searches on Google during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1248. [PMID: 37370082 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the outbreak of the 2020 coronavirus, governments adopted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to save lives. The NPIs have been deemed to have unintended consequences on mental health and well-being. This study aimed to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic-induced school closures on the relative search volumes (RSVs) of well-being-relevant topics in 30 low and lower- middle income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Google Trends search data, difference-in-differences and event study methods were used to evaluate the impact on the related search volume (RSV) of well-being related topic queries in Sub-Saharan Africa. RESULTS The results suggest positive and significant increases in the search intensity for anger, boredom, fear, sleep, exercise, and prayer. Contrary to other studies, we find no discernible effects on the relative search volumes (RSVs) on loneliness, sadness, and suicide. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the pandemic and the associated restrictions had a mixed effect on well-being-related searches. We recommend increased vigilance and proactive communication from the government and policy makers with the general population in times of emergencies when social policies that restrict lives and liberties need to be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechi Shirley Anaduaka
- Department of Accountancy, Economics and Finance, Hong Kong Baptist University, 34 Renfrew Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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Shikako K, Lencucha R, Hunt M, Jodoin-Pilon S, Chandra A, Katalifos A, Gonzalez M, Yamaguchi S, Cardoso R, Elsabbagh M, Hudon A, Martens R, Cogburn D, Seth A, Currie G, Roth C, Finlay B, Zwicker J. Children with Disabilities in Canada during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of COVID-19 Policies through a Disability Rights Lens. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:942. [PMID: 37371173 DOI: 10.3390/children10060942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Children with disabilities were especially vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic, and policies designed to mitigate its effects were limited in addressing their needs. We analyzed Canadian policies related to children with disabilities and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify the extent to which these policies aligned with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD) and responded to their mental health needs by conducting a systematic collection of Canadian provincial/territorial policies produced during the pandemic, building a categorization dictionary based on the UN CRPD, using text mining, and thematic analysis to identify policies' alignment with the UN CRPD and mental health supports. Mental health was addressed as a factor of importance in many policy documents, but specific interventions to promote or treat mental health were scarce. Most public health policies and recommendations are related to educational settings, demonstrating how public health for children with disabilities relies on education and community that may be out of the healthcare system and unavailable during extended periods of the pandemic. Policies often acknowledged the challenges faced by children with disabilities and their families but offered few mitigation strategies with limited considerations for human rights protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shikako
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Prom Sir-William-Osler, Montréal (D4), Quebec, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada
| | - Raphael Lencucha
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Prom Sir-William-Osler, Montréal (D4), Quebec, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada
| | - Matthew Hunt
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Prom Sir-William-Osler, Montréal (D4), Quebec, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada
| | | | - Ananya Chandra
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Prom Sir-William-Osler, Montréal (D4), Quebec, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada
| | - Anna Katalifos
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Quebec , QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Miriam Gonzalez
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Prom Sir-William-Osler, Montréal (D4), Quebec, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada
| | - Sakiko Yamaguchi
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Prom Sir-William-Osler, Montréal (D4), Quebec, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada
| | - Roberta Cardoso
- Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Quebec, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Mayada Elsabbagh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Quebec, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Anne Hudon
- School of Rehabilitation, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X7, Canada
| | | | - Derrick Cogburn
- School of International Service, Institute on Disability and Public Policy, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Ash Seth
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2P 1H9, Canada
| | - Genevieve Currie
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2P 1H9, Canada
| | - Christiane Roth
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2P 1H9, Canada
| | - Brittany Finlay
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2P 1H9, Canada
| | - Jennifer Zwicker
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2P 1H9, Canada
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Lewis KA, Jadwin-Cakmak L, Walimbwa J, Ogunbajo A, Jauregui JC, Onyango DP, Moore DM, Johnson GL, Odero W, Harper GW. "You'll Be Chased Away": Sources, Experiences, and Effects of Violence and Stigma among Gay and Bisexual Men in Kenya. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2825. [PMID: 36833522 PMCID: PMC9956866 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gay and bisexual men in Kenya face extreme socio-political stigma which manifests in widespread violence and discrimination across socio-ecological levels. We conducted individual in-depth interviews with 60 gay and bisexual men in western and central Kenya. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed using an inductive, phenomenological approach to qualitatively examine experiences of stigma and violence at the interpersonal and institutional levels. A total of seven primary themes and four sub-themes emerged from the data. At the interpersonal level, participants described stigma and violence from family, friends, and romantic/sexual partners with sub-themes for gay-baiting violence, blackmail, intimate partner violence, and commitment phobia. At the institutional level, participants described stigma and violence from religious, employment, educational, and healthcare institutions. This stigma and violence severely impacted the lives of participants including their mental health, physical health, sexual health, socioeconomic status, and ability to access health-promoting services. These data identify sources of stigma and describe how this stigma manifests in the everyday lives of gay and bisexual men in Kenya. Study findings and quotes from participants highlight the severity of violence, stigma, and discrimination faced by this community and emphasize the need for decriminalization of same-sex sexualities as well as interventions to support health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Lewis
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laura Jadwin-Cakmak
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | | | | | - Juan C. Jauregui
- Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Peter Onyango
- Let Good Be Told In Us, Nyanza, Rift Valley, and Western Kenya (NYARWEK) LGBTI Coalition, Kisumu 40100, Kenya
| | - Darius M. Moore
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Gabriel Lee Johnson
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Wilson Odero
- School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Maseno University, Kisumu 40100, Kenya
| | - Gary W. Harper
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
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Georgaca E, Plataniti P, Vardoulaki A, Pampouchidou M, Nomidou A, Chondros P. Assessing quality of care and observance of human rights in residential mental health facilities in Greece through the WHO QualityRights tool kit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 58:59-68. [PMID: 36054217 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present and reflect upon the process of evaluating two residential mental health facilities in Thessaloniki, Greece, through the WHO QualityRights tool kit. The QualityRights tool kit is a structured process for assessing quality of care and human rights in mental health and social care facilities, in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), introduced by the World Health Organization in 2012. We have piloted the use of the Toolkit in two supported accommodation facilities, a hostel and a service supervising independent living in apartments, for individuals with long-term severe mental health problems in the region of Thessaloniki. In this paper, we present the methodology and process of evaluating the facilities, including the challenges posed to the evaluation process by restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic. We showcase the outcome of this evaluation through presenting a summary of the results and the ensuing recommendations for improvement. Finally, we reflect on the usefulness, appropriateness and relevance of the Toolkit for evaluating mental health care facilities in the particular context of contemporary Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie Georgaca
- School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiota Plataniti
- School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Maria Pampouchidou
- School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Nomidou
- Association of Families/Carers and Friends for Mental Health, Alzheimer's Disease and related disorders SOFPSI N. SERRON, Greece and Panhellenic Federation of Organisations and Associations for Mental Health POSOPSI, Serrres, Greece
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Garrido R, Paloma V, Benítez I, Skovdal M, Verelst A, Derluyn I. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being of migrants and refugees settled in Spain. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2023; 28:257-280. [PMID: 35138212 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2022.2035692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health inequalities worldwide, having a disproportionately harsh impact on unprivileged populations such as migrants and refugees. These populations are often more exposed to the virus, but less protected, while at the same time being at higher risk of suffering from poor living and working conditions, limited access to healthcare, and discrimination by the host society, all of which is challenging to their mental health. Empirical evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting migrants and refugees is required to design effective actions aimed at ensuring health equity. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse how the pandemic has impacted the psychological well-being of migrants and refugees living in Spain. DESIGN This study was carried out within the framework of the ApartTogether study sponsored by the World Health Organization. Data collection was carried out during March-November 2020, through an online survey completed by 241 participants (age: M = 37 years; 129 women). RESULTS The results indicate that 78.7% of participants had suffered a decrease in their psychological well-being since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with number of difficulties and worries experienced being the best individual predictors of this outcome. Enjoying social connections and perceiving positive treatment from the host society were positively associated with psychological well-being at a relational and community level, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, we outline priority areas of psychosocial interventions aimed at guaranteeing the mental health of migrants and refugees in the face of the pandemic in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Garrido
- Department of Social Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Virginia Paloma
- Department of Social Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Benítez
- Department of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Universidad de Granada, Granda, Spain
| | - Morten Skovdal
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - An Verelst
- Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ilse Derluyn
- Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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10
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Amoah JO, Addai-Mununkum T, Oduro GY, Odoi A, Ansah JW, Takyiakwaa D, Sakyi-Djan P. Effects of COVID-19 on coastal livelihoods in the central region of Ghana. SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES OPEN 2023; 7:100443. [PMID: 36816100 PMCID: PMC9915114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak effects and related state responses, especially mobility restriction interventions, contributed to disruption in livelihoods in the coastal communities in Ghana. This paper uses an ethnographic approach to analyse the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and coping strategies adopted by small-scale fishers, fish traders and processors. We argued that focusing solely on the livelihoods of formal sector workers is problematic because it fails to consider the dynamics of informal coastal workers. Findings indicate that fishers, fish traders and processors experienced various effects on food, income, police harassment, and coping strategies, including migration, resorting to reusable face masks and food-compromising practices. Infectious diseases such as COVID-19 impact coastal people and their livelihoods. Therefore, implementing social protection measures to mitigate the effects of pandemics on livelihoods should be better coordinated and well-targeted to reach the most vulnerable. Findings from this study offer pointers to position preparedness and response efforts to future outbreaks in a similar context.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Oti Amoah
- Centre for Gender Research, Advocacy and Documentation (CEGRAD), University of Cape Coast, Ghana,Centre for African and International Studies, University of Cape Coast, Ghana,Corresponding author. Centre for Gender Research, Advocacy and Documentation (CEGRAD), University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Theresah Addai-Mununkum
- Centre for Gender Research, Advocacy and Documentation (CEGRAD), University of Cape Coast, Ghana,Department of English, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Georgina Yaa Oduro
- Centre for Gender Research, Advocacy and Documentation (CEGRAD), University of Cape Coast, Ghana,Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Amanda Odoi
- Centre for Gender Research, Advocacy and Documentation (CEGRAD), University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - John Windie Ansah
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Takyiakwaa
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Pearl Sakyi-Djan
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
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Rochwulaningsih Y, Sulistiyono ST, Utama MP, Masruroh NN, Sholihah F, Yudha FGP. Integrating socio-cultural value system into health services in response to Covid-19 patients' self-isolation in Indonesia. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 10:162. [PMID: 37073272 PMCID: PMC10089823 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-023-01629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article studies the synergistic sociocultural value system to handle COVID-19 patients in self-isolation in Indonesia, to find an effective formula in COVID-19 spread control. The problems studied here is the response carried out and the constraints faced by the Indonesian government related to the self-isolation policy. Why and how does the Indonesians' sociocultural value system contribute to COVID-19 patient response? Through the survey conducted via Google Forms, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and literature study, it is found that the Indonesian government issued the self-isolation regulation for COVID-19 patients to mitigate the rapid and massive COVID-19 transmission. However, many constraints are found in the policy implementation, including; people's insufficient knowledge and understanding of COVID-19, leading to negative implications for the COVID-19 survivors or patients' perception, causing social stigmatisation for COVID-19 survivors or patients; COVID-19 task force's limited access to medicine, medical instrument and hospital facilities. Meanwhile, the Indonesians' strong socio-cultural values like tolerance, mutual aid, and communal work, including among the educated people in urban society, may be potentially integrated into the health service to respond to COVID-19 patients with their self-isolation. Therefore, their integration and empowerment can be a solution to mitigating COVID-19 transmission in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yety Rochwulaningsih
- Departement of History, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Singgih Tri Sulistiyono
- Departement of History, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Mahendra Puji Utama
- Departement of History, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Noor Naelil Masruroh
- Departement of History, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Fanada Sholihah
- Departement of History, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Fajar Gemilang Purna Yudha
- Departement of History, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
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12
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Kumar M, Akbarialiabad H, Kouhanjani MF, Kiburi S, Shidhaye P, Taghrir MH, Shidhaye R. Association of Major Disease Outbreaks With Adolescent and Youth Mental Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:1232-1240. [PMID: 36223094 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Adolescents and young people have been historically understudied populations, and previous studies indicate that during epidemics, these populations, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are at high risk of developing mental disturbances. OBJECTIVE To identify the existing evidence regarding the association of mental health with outbreaks of the influenza A (H1N1), Zika, Ebola, and SARS-CoV-2 virus in exposed youth and adolescents in LMICs. EVIDENCE REVIEW Across 6 databases (Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science), the mental health outcomes of adolescents and youth (aged 10-24 years) associated with 4 major pandemic outbreaks from January 2009 to January 2021 in LMICs were reviewed. A group of 3 authors at each stage carried out the screening, selection, and quality assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. The social determinants of adolescent well-being framework was used as a guide to organizing the review. FINDINGS A total of 57 studies fulfilled the search criteria, 55 related to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and 2 covered the H1N1 influenza epidemics. There were no studies associated with Zika or Ebola outbreaks that met screening criteria. The studies reported high rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents, including posttraumatic stress disorder, general stress, and health-related anxiety. Potential risk factors associated with poor mental health outcomes included female sex; home residence in areas with strict lockdown limitations on social and physical movement; reduced physical activity; poor parental, family, or social support; previous exposure to COVID-19 infection; or being part of an already vulnerable group (eg, previous psychiatric conditions, childhood trauma, or HIV infection). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this systematic scoping review suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic and H1N1 epidemic were associated with adverse mental health among adolescents and youth from LMICs. Vulnerable youth and adolescents may be at higher risk of developing mental health-related complications, requiring more responsive interventions and further research. Geographically localized disease outbreaks such as Ebola, Zika, and H1N1 influenza are highly understudied and warrant future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Kumar
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hossein Akbarialiabad
- Trauma Research Center, Rajaee Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Farjoud Kouhanjani
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Hossein Taghrir
- Trauma Research Center, Rajaee Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rahul Shidhaye
- Psychiatry, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra, India
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13
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Robinson R, Nguyen E, Wright M, Holmes J, Oliphant C, Cleveland K, Nies MA. Factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and reduced vaccine confidence in rural underserved populations. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 9:416. [PMID: 36466708 PMCID: PMC9702767 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination remains one of the most effective ways to limit the spread of infectious diseases, and reduce mortality and morbidity in rural areas. Waning public confidence in vaccines, especially the COVID-19 vaccine, remains a cause for concern. A number of individuals in the US and worldwide remain complacent, choosing not to be vaccinated and/or delay COVID-19 vaccination, resulting in suboptimal herd immunity. The primary goal of this study is to identify modifiable factors contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among vaccine-eligible individuals with access to vaccines in two under-resourced rural states, Alaska and Idaho. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with providers and focus groups with community participants in Alaska and Idaho. A moderator's guide was used to facilitate interviews and focus groups conducted and recorded using Zoom and transcribed verbatim. Thematic, qualitative analysis was conducted using QDA Miner. Themes and subthemes that emerged were labeled, categorized, and compared to previously described determinants of general vaccine hesitancy: established contextual, individual and/or social influences, vaccine and vaccination-specific concerns. Themes (n = 9) and sub-themes (n = 51) identified during the qualitative analysis highlighted a factor's contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and poor vaccine uptake. Relevant influenceable factors were grouped into three main categories: confidence, complacency, and convenience. Vaccines are effective public health interventions to promote health and prevent diseases in rural areas. Practical solutions to engage healthcare providers, researchers, vaccine advocates, vaccine manufacturers, and other partners in local communities are needed to increase public trust in immunization systems to achieve community immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Robinson
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Anchorage, Meridian, and Pocatello, AK, ID USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Alaska/Idaho State University, Anchorage, AK USA
| | - Elaine Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Anchorage, Meridian, and Pocatello, AK, ID USA
| | - Melanie Wright
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Anchorage, Meridian, and Pocatello, AK, ID USA
| | - John Holmes
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Anchorage, Meridian, and Pocatello, AK, ID USA
- College of Health, School of Nursing, Idaho State University, Anchorage, AK USA
| | - Catherine Oliphant
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Anchorage, Meridian, and Pocatello, AK, ID USA
| | - Kevin Cleveland
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Anchorage, Meridian, and Pocatello, AK, ID USA
| | - Mary A. Nies
- College of Health, School of Nursing, Idaho State University, Anchorage, AK USA
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14
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Have the COVID-19 outbreak and related restrictions affected the right to mental health of people with severe mental health conditions? Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 35:180-193. [PMID: 37105147 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2145183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, and the restrictions implemented by governments to limit its public health impact, may have determined a reduction of the right to mental health of people with severe mental health conditions, that is a limitation to adequate, human, and value-based mental healthcare, with rising inequalities in comparison with the general population. This systematic review was, therefore, conducted to collate evidence on the impact of the pandemic period on the mental health of individuals with pre-existing severe mental health conditions. Of 3,774 retrieved citations, we selected 21 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The majority of the included studies assessed trends in psychological symptoms over the pandemic period, then arguing that symptoms worsened for a number of reasons, including the risk of contracting the virus, the disruption of mental health services, and the feelings of loneliness and isolation associated with the restriction measures. Even though studies provided somewhat contradictory results, the majority of evidence indicates that people with pre-existing mental health conditions were more likely to report greater self-isolation distress, anxiety, depression, COVID-19-related perceived stress, and were more likely to voluntarily self-isolate than those without a mental health condition. These findings appeared to suggest that a combination of factors related to the pandemic itself and to the prevention and mitigation strategies were responsible for a reduction of the right to mental health of people with mental health conditions, with increased inequalities in comparison with the general population.
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15
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Impact of work arrangements during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in France. SSM Popul Health 2022; 20:101285. [PMID: 36415675 PMCID: PMC9671548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Sevilla JP. The value of vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 78:102243. [PMID: 36156412 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing vaccine spending depends on recognizing the full value of vaccination (VoV). Existing taxonomies of such value are not comprehensive because they are not guided by general theories. I rely on two such theories: subjective-value theory claims that what has value is determined by what people actually or ideally want in life. A welfarist theory of government states that a fundamental objective of government is to promote social value (or social welfare). These jointly imply that any aspect of life that individuals actually or ideally value and that could be negatively affected by vaccine-preventable diseases (and therefore positively affected by preventive vaccines) is an element of VoV. I build a more comprehensive-value taxonomy than currently exists based on this implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Sevilla
- Data for Decisions, LLC, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, USA.
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17
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da Silva Júnior RT, Santos Apolonio J, Cuzzuol BR, da Costa BT, Silva CS, Araújo GRL, Silva Luz M, Marques HS, Santos LKDS, Pinheiro SLR, Lima de Souza Gonçalves V, Calmon MS, Freire de Melo F. COVID-19 neuropsychiatric repercussions: Current evidence on the subject. World J Methodol 2022; 12:365-380. [PMID: 36186752 PMCID: PMC9516547 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v12.i5.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has affected the entire world, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since it was first discovered in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Among the clinical presentation of the disease, in addition to fever, fatigue, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, infected patients may also experience neurological and psychiatric repercussions during the course of the disease and as a post-COVID-19 sequelae. Thus, headache, dizziness, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, cerebrovascular disorders, neuromuscular abnormalities, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder can occur both from the infection itself and from social distancing and quarantine. According to current evidence about this infection, the virus has the ability to infect the central nervous system (CNS) via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on host cells. Several studies have shown the presence of ACE2 in nerve cells and nasal mucosa, as well as transmembrane serine protease 2, key points for interaction with the viral Spike glycoprotein and entry into the CNS, being olfactory tract and blood-brain barrier, through hematogenous dissemination, potential pathways. Thus, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the CNS supports the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The management of these manifestations seems more complex, given that the dense parenchyma and impermeability of brain tissue, despite protecting the brain from the infectious process, may hinder virus elimination. Still, some alternatives used in non-COVID-19 situations may lead to worse prognosis of acute respiratory syndrome, requiring caution. Therefore, the aim of this review is to bring more current points related to this infection in the CNS, as well as the repercussions of the isolation involved by the pandemic and to present perspectives on interventions in this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Santos Apolonio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Rocha Cuzzuol
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Brazil
| | - Bruna Teixeira da Costa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Brazil
| | - Camilo Santana Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Brazil
| | - Glauber Rocha Lima Araújo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45083900, Brazil
| | - Luana Kauany de Sá Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Brazil
| | - Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Brazil
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18
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Villarreal-Zegarra D, Reátegui-Rivera CM, Sabastizagal-Vela I, Burgos-Flores MA, Cama-Ttito NA, Rosales-Rimache J. Policies on mental health in the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272296. [PMID: 35901068 PMCID: PMC9333324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on both mental health and working conditions. Workplaces are conducive spaces for implementing strategies and interventions to promote mental health. In addition to this, they are preventing, identifying, and managing mental disorders effectively. Although international agencies have identified some guidelines for the management of mental health in the workplace in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a more precise characterization of both the components of the policies, their implementation, and evidence of the outcome is required to provide useful information for decision-makers. Objectives This study aims to synthesize scientific information regarding national and local policies focusing on preventing or improving, directly or indirectly, mental health problems in the workplace during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Our study is a scoping review. The Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases and PubMed search engine were used. Original and reviewed articles published from January 1, 2020 to October 14, 2021 were included in the research. Articles with abstract or full text in English, Spanish, German and Portuguese were also included. Our strategy is based on identifying policies (intervention) which focuses on directly or indirectly preventing or ameliorating mental health problems in the workplace during COVID-19 pandemic (participants). Results A total of 6,522 records were identified, and only four studies were included in the scoping review, which were of low quality. That is, we found limited evidence evaluating mental health policies using primary or secondary data (empirical evaluation). Among the policies that have been identified are the increase of mental health resources, the promotion of mental health and self-care support programs, and the reduction of barriers to access to mental health treatment. Conclusion Our research finds that there is limited evidence available to evaluate national and local policies aimed at directly or indirectly preventing or ameliorating mental health problems at work during COVID-19 pandemic. This forces decision-makers to use different criteria to guide the allocation of resources and budgets. Therefore, there is a need for health intelligence teams in health systems to be able to assess the impact of policies as an important input for decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarreal-Zegarra
- Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail: ,
| | - C. Mahony Reátegui-Rivera
- Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Iselle Sabastizagal-Vela
- Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Angel Burgos-Flores
- Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Nieves Alejandra Cama-Ttito
- Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Jaime Rosales-Rimache
- Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
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19
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Kimani-Murage EW, Osogo D, Nyamasege CK, Igonya EK, Ngira DO, Harrington J. COVID- 19 and human right to food: lived experiences of the urban poor in Kenya with the impacts of government's response measures, a participatory qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1399. [PMID: 35864480 PMCID: PMC9301899 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, governments put in place measures to curb the spread of COVID-19. Information on the effects of these measures on the urban poor is limited. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of the urban poor in Kenya in the context of government’s COVID-19 response measures and its impact on the human right to food. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in two informal settlements in Nairobi between January and March 2021. Analysis draws on eight focus group discussions, eight in-depth interviews, 12 key informant interviews, two photovoice sessions and three digital storytelling sessions. Phenomenology was applied to understand an individual’s lived experiences with the human right to food during COVID − 19. Thematic analysis was performed using NVIVO software. Results The human right to food was affected in various ways. Many people lost their livelihoods, affecting affordability of food, due to response measures such as social distancing, curfew, and lockdown. The food supply chain was disrupted causing limited availability and access to affordable, safe, adequate, and nutritious food. Consequently, hunger and an increased consumption of low-quality food was reported. Social protection measures were instituted. However, these were inadequate and marred by irregularities. Some households resorted to scavenging food from dumpsites, skipping meals, sex-work, urban-rural migration and depending on food donations to survive. On the positive side, some households resorted to progressive measures such as urban farming and food sharing in the community. Generally, the response measures could have been more sensitive to the human rights of the urban poor. Conclusions The government’s COVID-19 restrictive measures exacerbated the already existing vulnerability of the urban poor to food insecurity and violated their human right to food. Future response measures should be executed in ways that respect the human right to food and protect marginalized people from resultant vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Wambui Kimani-Murage
- Department of Nutrition and Food Systems; African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, 2nd Floor, Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, P.O. Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. .,International Health Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - David Osogo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Systems; African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, 2nd Floor, Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, P.O. Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Carolyn Kemunto Nyamasege
- Department of Clinical Trials and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Emmy Kageha Igonya
- Department of Nutrition and Food Systems; African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, 2nd Floor, Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, P.O. Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David Otieno Ngira
- Cardiff University, Law Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales, CF10, UK
| | - John Harrington
- Cardiff University, Law Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales, CF10, UK
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20
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Urtaran-Laresgoiti M, González-Rábago Y, Martín U, Rivadeneyra-Sicilia A, Morteruel M. Health and health inequalities impact assessment for non-clinical measures to control COVID-19 in the Basque Country and Navarre (Spain). J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221110020. [PMID: 35911433 PMCID: PMC9335482 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the results of a health and health inequalities impact assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic control measures in the regions of the Basque Country and Navarre in Spain. A literature review was conducted on Pubmed and Web of Science (WoS) databases, in addition to individual semi-structured interviews and focus groups with experts, key informants and different profiles of citizens. A wide variety of social determinants of health have been affected by the measures, which included individual health-related behaviors, service disruption in formal care, educational settings, and health care provision. These changes have particularly affected certain population groups including children and adolescents, older people, those with health conditions and disabilities together with caregivers, women, as well as people with low levels of education, income, and resources. In future scenarios it will be necessary to pay attention to the potential impacts of policy responses on health inequalities to avoid an increase in existing health gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Urtaran-Laresgoiti
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Research Group Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change-OPIK, Leioa, Spain
| | - Y González-Rábago
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Research Group Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change-OPIK, Leioa, Spain
| | - U Martín
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Research Group Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change-OPIK, Leioa, Spain
| | - A Rivadeneyra-Sicilia
- ISPED, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre U1219-, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Morteruel
- Research Group Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change-OPIK, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Nursing I, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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21
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Effect of COVID-19 on mental health. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022. [DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.6210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has no doubt raised serious concerns on public health. While trying to protect physical well-being, people often fall prey to mental distress. Several factors including financial crisis, job loss, home quarantine, self-isolation, lockdown, shut down etc. have contributed severely in affecting mental health of the people. Exaggerated news on electronic & social media played major role in enhancing depression in the minds of the people of almost all age groups. Violent behaviour, restlessness, self-harm and cases of suicides have been reported more during the lockdown period. Misinformation can be very dangerous for emotionally fragile persons. COVID-19 patients and their family members usually have to go through a lot of mental traumas. The plight of mentally ill persons also need attention as they need more care which cannot be denied in any situation as a little recklessness can worsen their condition. The psychological well-being of healthcare professionals who are frontline worriers against COVID-19 is another concern. The stress and trauma of healthcare service personnel were unimaginable. Media have paid least attention to stop infodemics which was of great concern.
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22
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El-Kurdy R, El-Nemer A, Yousef A, Elsaidy W, Hamdan-Mansour A. The Moderation Effect of Affective Commitment on the Relationship between Job Stress and Presenteeism among Obstetric Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic. Open Nurs J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18744346-v16-e2203090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Presenteeism is a significant factor that affects the quality of care provided by obstetric healthcare workers, including nurses, that needs further investigation of its connection to job stress and affective commitment during COVID-19 pandemic.
Aim:
The aim of this study is to examine the moderation effect of affective commitment on the relationship between job stress and presenteeism among obstetric healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods:
Two hundred and seven Egyptian obstetric healthcare workers participated in a cross-sectional, descriptive study using a web-based questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic, presenteeism, challenge stress, hindrance stress, and affective commitment.
Results:
More than 50% of obstetric healthcare workers had a moderate level of presenteeism, while job stress and affective commitment were at moderate to high levels. Affective commitment had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between job stress and presenteeism (p< .001). Challenges and affective commitment had a positive effect on presenteeism, while hindrances had a negative effect.
Conclusion:
Obstetric healthcare workers need to recognize the connection between job stress and presenteeism and the buffering role of affective commitment.
Implications for Nursing Practice:
Nurses need to recognize the effect of pandemic COVID-19 on job stress and presenteeism among obstetrics nurses and healthcare workers. Developing innovative protocols would enable them to improve their functionality and productivity at work.
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Udplong A, Apidechkul T, Srichan P, Mulikaburt T, Wongnuch P, Kitchanapaibul S, Upala P, Chomchoei C, Yeemard F, Tamornpark R, Singkhorn O. Drivers, facilitators, and sources of stigma among Akha and Lahu hill tribe people who used methamphetamine in Thailand: a qualitative approach. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:642. [PMID: 35366833 PMCID: PMC8976508 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The stigma related to drug use has several impacts, including effects on users’ physical and mental health. Methamphetamine is a major drug that is used among hill tribes living in the border areas of Thailand and Myanmar. This study aimed to understand the drivers, facilitators, sources and outcomes of the stigma surrounding drug use, including the expectations among Akha and Lau hill tribe people who use methamphetamine in Thailand. Methods Qualitative data were used to elicit information from key informants and members of the hill tribes who used methamphetamine. The questionnaire was developed from a literature review and tested for validity before use. In-depth interviews were used to confidentially gather information from the participants in private rooms in villages. Each interview lasted 45 min, and a thematic analysis was conducted to examine the findings. Results A total of 46 participants were recruited to provide information; 95.7% were male, and 50.0% were aged 15–34 years. The majority were married (47.8%), 76.1% were Christian, and 45.7% graduated high school. Six drivers of stigma were detected: being poor, illiterate, unemployed, working aged, female, and married. Culture and tribe acted as facilitators of the stigma attached to methamphetamine use. Four sources of stigma were found: self, family members, peers, and community members. Three outcomes of stigma were determined: poor physical health, mental health, and relationships with others. There were four levels of expectations: no expectations, expectations for themselves, expectations for their family members, and expectations for their community members. Conclusions Many personal traits, people living nearby, and socioeconomic factors, including culture and tribes, act as drivers, facilitators, and sources of stigma among hill tribe people who use methamphetamine. A program to reduce methamphetamine use among hill tribes should be implemented, which could eventually minimize stigma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13094-z.
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Levels of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress among Ugandan adults during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional evidence from a mobile phone-based population survey. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2022; 9:274-284. [PMID: 36618739 PMCID: PMC9807010 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2022.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Policy measures to slow the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as curfews and business closures, may have negative effects on mental health. Populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may be particularly affected due to high rates of poverty and less comprehensive welfare systems, but the evidence is scarce. We evaluated predictors of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in Uganda, which implemented one of the world's most stringent lockdowns. METHODS We conducted a mobile phone-based cross-sectional survey from December 2020 through April 2021 among individuals aged 18 years or over in Uganda. We measured depression, anxiety, and psychological distress using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-2, and the PHQ-4. We applied linear regression to assess associations between experiences of COVID-19 (including fear of infection, social isolation, income loss, difficulty accessing medical care, school closings, and interactions with police) and PHQ-4 score, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS 29.2% of 4066 total participants reported scores indicating moderate psychological distress, and 12.1% reported scores indicating severe distress. Distress was most common among individuals who were female, had lower levels of education, and lived in households with children. Related to COVID-19, PHQ-4 score was significantly associated with difficulty accessing medical care, worries about COVID-19, worries about interactions with police over lockdown measures, and days spent at home. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need to address the significant burden of psychological distress associated with COVID-19 and policy responses in LMICs. Pandemic mitigation strategies must consider mental health consequences.
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Raut AP, Huy NT. Political Races, Religious Congregations, and Inefficacious Measures Amid the Second Wave of COVID-19 in India. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:2100-2102. [PMID: 34878864 PMCID: PMC8667831 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay P Raut
- Akshay P. Raut is with the St. George's Hospital, Grant Government Medical College and Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India. Nguyen Tien Huy is with the School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Akshay P. Raut is with the St. George's Hospital, Grant Government Medical College and Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India. Nguyen Tien Huy is with the School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Farran N. Mental health in Lebanon: Tomorrow's silent epidemic. MENTAL HEALTH & PREVENTION 2021; 24:200218. [PMID: 34660191 PMCID: PMC8503814 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2021.200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lebanon is a middle-income country that has been recently crippled by several tragedies including the economic collapse, COVID-19, and the fourth of August Beirut port explosion, the world’s most powerful non-nuclear explosion of the twenty-first century. Recent data on mental health from Lebanon is summarised, and other topics such as the psychological impact of cumulative adversities and the role of international support in Lebanon are examined. Data from Lebanon shows severe levels of distress among the people, in a country with minimal resources. Given current adversities in Lebanon, recent data in the country, and the literature on adversity and mental health outcomes of man-made disasters, Lebanon is most likely going to face an epidemic in poor mental health. A call is made for the wider scientific community and international organizations to support the mental health field in the country and help prevent further negative mental health outcomes. Understanding how to better navigate mental health in places with extreme adversity and emergencies can be beneficial to other communities which might face similar challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Farran
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience. King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London SE5 8AB, UK
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Schubert M, Ludwig J, Freiberg A, Hahne TM, Romero Starke K, Girbig M, Faller G, Apfelbacher C, von dem Knesebeck O, Seidler A. Stigmatization from Work-Related COVID-19 Exposure: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126183. [PMID: 34201024 PMCID: PMC8226580 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stigmatization from work-related COVID-19 exposure has not been investigated in detail yet. Therefore, we systematically searched three databases: Medline, Embase, and PsychInfo (until October 2020), and performed a grey literature search (until February 2021). We identified 46 suitable articles from 24 quantitative and 11 qualitative studies, 6 systematic reviews, 3 study protocols and 1 intervention. The assessment of stigmatization varied widely, ranging from a single-item question to a 22-item questionnaire. Studies mostly considered perceived self-stigma (27 of 35 original studies) in healthcare workers (HCWs) or hospital-related jobs (29 of 35). All articles reported on stigmatization as a result of work-related COVID-19 exposure. However, most quantitative studies were characterized by convenience sampling (17 of 24), and all studies-also those with an adequate sampling design-were considered of low methodological quality. Therefore, it is not possible to determine prevalence of stigmatization in defined occupational groups. Nevertheless, the work-related stigmatization of occupational groups with or without suspected contact to COVID-19 is a relevant problem and increases the risk for depression (odds ratio (OR) = 1.74; 95% confidence interval CI 1.29-2.36) and anxiety (OR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.29-2.37). For promoting workers' health, anti-stigma strategies and support should be implemented in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schubert
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.F.); (K.R.S.); (M.G.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia Ludwig
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.L.); (O.v.d.K.)
| | - Alice Freiberg
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.F.); (K.R.S.); (M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Taurai Monalisa Hahne
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.M.H.); (C.A.)
| | - Karla Romero Starke
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.F.); (K.R.S.); (M.G.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Sociology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, Thüringer Weg 9, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Maria Girbig
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.F.); (K.R.S.); (M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Gudrun Faller
- Department of Community Health, Hochschule für Gesundheit, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.M.H.); (C.A.)
| | - Olaf von dem Knesebeck
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.L.); (O.v.d.K.)
| | - Andreas Seidler
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.F.); (K.R.S.); (M.G.); (A.S.)
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Chung E, Jiann BP, Nagao K, Hakim L, Huang W, Lee J, Lin H, Mai DBT, Nguyen Q, Park HJ, Sato Y, Tantiwongse K, Yuan Y, Park K. COVID Pandemic Impact on Healthcare Provision and Patient Psychosocial Distress: A Multi-National Cross-Sectional Survey among Asia-Pacific Countries. World J Mens Health 2021; 39:797-803. [PMID: 34169677 PMCID: PMC8444000 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose COVID pandemic significantly affected the delivery and maintenance of healthcare system, resulting in greater utilization of digital health interventions. Materials and Methods This multi-national cross-sectional survey was administered to clinicians working in major Asia-Pacific cities during the mandatory social lockdown period in June 2020. Clinical demographics and professional data, delivery of Andrology-related healthcare services, and patient distress based on validated questionnaires such as Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Decisional Engagement Scale (DES) were collected. Results Telehealth medicine was instituted in all the centres with the majority of centres (92.9%) reported a 50% or more reduction in out-patient related services. The numbers of phone calls, emails correspondence and educational webinars have significantly increased. Despite the provision of reasons for changes in healthcare service and delay in surgery, more than half of the patients (57.1%) rated 2 on the DASS score for the item on patients over-react to situations, while a third of the patients (35.7%) scored a 2 for DASS item on patients being more demanding or unreasonable. The DES scores were more positive with most patients reported a score above 7 out of 10 in terms of items on accepting current arrangement (85.7%), confident in clinician decision-making about treatment (92.9%) and comfortable that the decision is consistent with their preferences (71.4%). Most patients (85.7%) indicated their preferences for more detailed information on healthcare provision. Conclusions Our study showed telehealth services were integrated early and successfully during the COVID pandemic and patients were generally receptive with minimal psychosocial distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chung
- AndroUrology Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,AndroUrology Centre, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Bang Ping Jiann
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Nagao
- Department of Urology, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lukman Hakim
- Department of Urology, Airlangga University, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - William Huang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joe Lee
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Haocheng Lin
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dung Ba Tien Mai
- Department of Urology, Binh Dan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang Nguyen
- Centre of Andrology, Department of Urology, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yoshikazu Sato
- Department of Urology, Sanjukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yiming Yuan
- Andrology Centre, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kwangsung Park
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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