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Loosli K, Nasuwa F, Melubo M, Mnzava K, Matthews L, Mshana SE, Mmbaga BT, Muwonge A, Davis A, Lembo T. Exploring drivers of self-treatment with antibiotics in three agricultural communities of northern Tanzania. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:94. [PMID: 39210436 PMCID: PMC11363527 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Self-treatment with antibiotics, the practice of using antibiotics without professional guidance, is often considered an important contributor to the emergence and spread of AMR. METHOD This study investigated the drivers of self-treatment in three common types of agricultural communities in northern Tanzania. The research employed a comprehensive array of methods, including cross-sectional surveys (n = 790), interviews (n = 30) and observations (n = 178) targeting both antibiotic (human and animal) providers and users (patients and farmers). Qualitative interview data were analysed using a coding and association matrix, while descriptive analyses were performed on survey and observation data. RESULTS Self-treatment with antibiotics was highly prevalent in all communities. Between 41.0% (self-reported) and 60.3% (observed) of human antibiotics were obtained without a prescription and we observed that veterinary antibiotics were regularly purchased in retail shops without referral by a professional. Structural deficiencies in the healthcare system drove this practice: limited access to healthcare facilities, medication stockouts and prolonged waiting times were identified as key factors. The absence of safety nets like insurance schemes further contributed to self-medication. Retail shops offered a convenient and cost-effective alternative when antibiotics were inaccessible or unaffordable. Notably, informal networks comprising treatment vendors, friends or neighbours, as well as personal experiences played a crucial role in guiding individuals in their self-treatment decisions by providing advice on treatment choice and modalities. CONCLUSIONS Addressing self-treatment requires a multi-faceted approach. Improving the availability and accessibility of antibiotics, enhancing healthcare services and involving retail vendors in antibiotic stewardship are essential. Structural issues like access to diagnostics and medicines must be tackled, alongside reducing barriers and incentivising individuals to use professional healthcare services. Training retail vendors to sell specific first-line antibiotics over the counter with guidance on appropriate usage should be considered. Such bottom-up interventions will enable sustainable promotion of responsible antibiotic use, mitigating AMR emergence and securing a healthier future for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Loosli
- The Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Fortunata Nasuwa
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Matayo Melubo
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Kunda Mnzava
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences/Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Louise Matthews
- The Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences/Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute/Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Adrian Muwonge
- Digital One Health Laboratory, The Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alicia Davis
- School of Social and Political Sciences and School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tiziana Lembo
- The Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Worku F, Ugas M, Wheeler S, Siddiqi A, Papadakos J. A Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Black Communities in the Greater Toronto Area. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02031-y. [PMID: 38902465 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND COVID-19 preventative practices such as hand washing, social distancing, and mask wearing have been identified as ways to prevent the spread of COVID-19. However, social determinants can play a role in the ability of individuals and groups to adhere to recommended COVID-19 preventative practices. A cross-sectional study was undertaken to explore the COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs), and information sources used in the adult Black population within the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). METHODS An online questionnaire was completed by Black adults living in the GTA. Associations between KAPs, health literacy, and sociodemographic variables were assessed using descriptive tests. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine predictors of high preventative practices. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Of the 169 respondents, most had high knowledge scores (80.5%), low attitudes (85.2%), and high COVID-19 preventative practices (82.2%). Hotspot status, working from home, and high health literacy were found to be independent predictors of high preventative practices. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study provides new knowledge that advances understanding of the COVID-19 KAPs of Black communities in a Canadian context. Our findings point to the inadequacy of current prevention strategies that focus narrowly on individual actions while overlooking the importance of systemic influences on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiqir Worku
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohamed Ugas
- Cancer Health Literacy Research Centre, Cancer Education, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 585 University Avenue, ELLICSR PMB B-130, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Sarah Wheeler
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Population Health and Value-Based Health Systems, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arjumand Siddiqi
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Janet Papadakos
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Cancer Health Literacy Research Centre, Cancer Education, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 585 University Avenue, ELLICSR PMB B-130, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada.
- The Institute for Education Research (TIER), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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Binassfour AS, Baseer MA, Ingle NA. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental health professionals toward dental impression disinfection protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia- a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:246. [PMID: 38448923 PMCID: PMC10918973 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the updated guidelines on dental impression disinfection protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic, adherence to such procedures has not been studied among dental health professionals in Saudi Arabia. Understanding DHPs' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 is crucial in assessing a willingness to adhere to the recommendations provided by health authorities in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 via dental impressions impacting patient safety and infection control measures. Hence, this study aimed to assess dental health professionals' (DHPs) knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward dental impression disinfection protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted from 14 December 2022 to 21 March 2023 among practicing dentists, dental assistants (DA), dental laboratory technicians (DT), and dental hygienists in Saudi Arabia. A validated and reliable questionnaire that consisted of 38 items along with demographic variables was prepared to collect the data. Using Google Forms, a questionnaire link was prepared and shared on the social media platforms of DHPs in Saudi Arabia. A descriptive analysis was conducted to report the percentages and frequencies. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were analyzed using an Independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation tests. RESULTS A total of 718 DHPs voluntarily participated in the survey. Most of the DHPs exhibited average knowledge 392 (54.6%), neutral attitudes 393(54.7%), and adequate 549 (76.5%) practice towards dental impression disinfection protocol. The mean knowledge score differed significantly across nationality (p = 0.013), type of DHPs (p < 0.001), qualification (p = 0.045), and experience (p = 0.028) of the study participants. Significant differences in attitude towards impression disinfection were observed in different age groups (p = 0.002), qualifications (p = 0.015), and experiences (p = 0.024) of the DHPs. Similarly, practice varied across different age groups (p = 0.010), nationality (p = 0.013), type of DHPs (p = 0.019), qualification (p = 0.044), experience (p = 0.041), and COVID-19 Infection (p = 0.006). Moreover, a significant positive correlation between knowledge-attitude (r = 0.258, p < 0.01), knowledge-practice (r = 0.283, p < 0.01), and attitude-practice (r = 0.196, p < 0.01) was observed. CONCLUSION DHPs considered in this study demonstrated average knowledge and attitudes toward impression disinfection, requiring improvement through continuous dental education and training. However, they displayed acceptable dental impression disinfection practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is highly recommended that continuing education programs should mainly reinforce the knowledge of sodium hypochlorite, iodophor, and phenolics and their concentrations to be used as an impression disinfectant. Additionally, it should focus on techniques of disinfecting elastomeric, hydrocolloid, zinc oxide and eugenol, and impression compound materials to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 based on Saudi ministry of health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Salman Binassfour
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, 11681, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abdul Baseer
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, 11681, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Navin Anand Ingle
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, 11681, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mshigeni S, Samuel G, Scott W. A survey of college students' knowledge and attitudes regarding vaccination practices. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:530-539. [PMID: 35298358 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2047700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The prevalence of illnesses related to VPDs is higher among older adults and college students experience them despite decades of vaccine availability. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American College Health Association (ACHA) emphasizes that all students should provide vaccine proof or receive immunizations prior to class registration. Methods: Using the KAP model, this study investigates the perceptions of first-generation university students regarding campus vaccine requirements. Data were collected using the Web-based survey software Qualtrics regarding students' vaccine knowledge and attitudes. Results: Of the 1,327 responses, the majority were female (74.23%), Hispanic (56.67%), and ages 18-25 years (35.57%). Participants were familiar with the function of vaccines (96.64%) and believed that vaccines prevent contagious diseases (92.70%). These responses were significantly associated with vaccination compliance however, 18.48% of students were not in full compliance. There were significant differences in vaccination compliance across academic standing, age, and race. Conclusion: Implications for public health practices on university campuses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Mshigeni
- Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Gilna Samuel
- Jack H. Brown College, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Winifred Scott
- Jack H. Brown College, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California, USA
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Sun T, Zhang H, Kong Z, Yang J, Jia X. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of body shape and fitness among university students in China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1208. [PMID: 37349719 PMCID: PMC10286452 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body shape and fitness (BSF) is critical for overall well-being, while university students in China are subjected to stress, peer pressure, performance anxiety, busy schedules, and lack of sleep, which can easily lead to poor BSF. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice of BSF and related factors among university students in China. METHODS This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on students of 15 universities in China between September 1st and November 30th, 2022. The KAP scores were evaluated using a 38-item questionnaire, including social demography, knowledge, attitude, and practice. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with KAP. RESULTS A total of 995 valid questionnaires were collected. There were 431 (43.3%) males and 564 (56.7%) females. Most participants were sophomores (51.2%) and freshmen (36.3%). Most participants had a BMI of 18-24 kg/m2 (66.1%). The students scored highly on BSF-related knowledge (8.30 ± 1.49), moderately on attitude (37.20 ± 4.46), and low on practice (19.64 ± 4.62). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that attitude score (P = 0.001), sex (P = 0.001), grade (P = 0.011), body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.050), parent's education level (P = 0.005), monthly allowance (P < 0.050), and sleep quality and habits (P = 0.016) were independently associated with practice scores. CONCLUSIONS University students in China were found to have good knowledge, moderate attitude, and poor practice toward BSF. Attitude, sex, grade, BMI, parents' education, monthly living expenses, and sleep quality and habits affected their practice. More BSF-related courses or activities are required to motivate students, especially females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- Exercise and Physical Fitness Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- School of Physical Education, North east Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Zhenxing Kong
- Exercise and Physical Fitness Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Shuren Academy, The Affiliated High School of Peking University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Exercise and Physical Fitness Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Onohuean H, Nwodo UU. Demographic dynamics of waterborne disease and perceived associated WASH factors in Bushenyi and Sheema districts of South-Western Uganda. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:864. [PMID: 37338629 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Water remains a significant player in spreading pathogens, including those associated with neglected tropical diseases. The implications of socio-demographic delineations of water quality, sanitation, and hygiene ("WASH") interventions are on the downswing. This study assessed waterborne diseases and perceived associated WASH factors in the Bushenyi and Sheema districts of South-Western Uganda. This study examines the linear relationship between WASH and identifies the association of specific demographic factors as well as their contributions/correlations to waterborne disease in the study area. A structured qualitative and quantitative data collection approach was adopted in face-to-face questionnaire-guided interviews of 200 respondents on eight surface water usage. Most participants, 65.5%, were females and had a higher score of knowledge of WASH (71%), 68% score on the improper practice of WASH, and 64% score on unsafe water quality. Low score for basic economic status was (57%), report of common diarrhoea was (47%), and a low incidence of waterborne disease outbreaks (27%). The principal component analysis (PCA) depicts the knowledge and practice of WASH to have a strong positive correlation (r = 0.84, p < 0.001; r = 0.82, p < 0.001); also economic status positively correlated with grade of water source, knowledge, and practice of WASH (correlation coefficient = 0.72; 0.99; 0.76 and p-values = 0.001; < 0.001; < 0.001 respectively). Occupation (p = 0.0001, OR = 6.798) was significantly associated with knowledge and practice of WASH, while age (r = -0.21, p < 0.001) was negatively associated with knowledge and practice of WASH. The basic economic status explains why "low economic population groups" in the remote villages may not effectively implement WASH, and diarrhoea was common among the population. Diarrhoea associated with unsafe water quality and improper practice of WASH is common among the study population, and there is a low incidence of waterborne disease outbreaks. Therefore, government, stakeholders, and non-governmental organisations should work together to promote proper practice of WASH conditions to limit the occurrence of diarrhoea and prevent potential waterborne disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Onohuean
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
- Patho-Biocatalysis Group (PBG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700 Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- Patho-Biocatalysis Group (PBG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700 Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Muwonge A, Mpyangu CM, Nsangi A, Mugerwa I, Bronsvoort BMD, Porphyre T, Ssebaggala ER, Kiayias A, Mwaka ES, Joloba M. Developing digital contact tracing tailored to haulage in East Africa to support COVID-19 surveillance: a protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058457. [PMID: 36691163 PMCID: PMC9441735 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION At the peak of Uganda's first wave of SARS-CoV-2 in May 2020, one in three COVID-19 cases was linked to the haulage sector. This triggered a mandatory requirement for a negative PCR test result at all ports of entry and exit, resulting in significant delays as haulage drivers had to wait for 24-48 hours for results, which severely crippled the regional supply chain.To support public health and economic recovery, we aim to develop and test a mobile phone-based digital contact tracing (DCT) tool that both augments conventional contact tracing and also increases its speed and efficiency. METHODS AND ANALYSIS To test the DCT tool, we will use a stratified sample of haulage driver journeys, stratified by route type (regional and local journeys).We will include at least 65% of the haulage driver journeys ~83 200 on the network through Uganda. This allows us to capture variations in user demographics and socioeconomic characteristics that could influence the use and adoption of the DCT tool. The developed DCT tool will include a mobile application and web interface to collate and intelligently process data, whose output will support decision-making, resource allocation and feed mathematical models that predict epidemic waves.The main expected result will be an open source-tested DCT tool tailored to haulage use in developing countries.This study will inform the safe deployment of DCT technologies needed for combatting pandemics in low-income countries. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This work has received ethics approval from the School of Public Health Higher Degrees, Research and Ethics Committee at Makerere University and The Uganda National Council for Science and Technology. This work will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, our websites https://project-thea.org/ and Github for the open source code https://github.com/project-thea/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Muwonge
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh The Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
- Blockchain Technology Laboratory, The University of Edinburgh School of Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Allen Nsangi
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ibrahim Mugerwa
- National Health Laboratories and Diagnostic Services, Antimicrobial Resistance National Coordination Centre (AMR-NCC), Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Aggelos Kiayias
- Blockchain Technology Laboratory, The University of Edinburgh School of Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Erisa Sabakaki Mwaka
- School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses Joloba
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Gannon T, Phillips B, Saunders D, Berner AM. Knowing to Ask and Feeling Safe to Tell - Understanding the Influences of HCP-Patient Interactions in Cancer Care for LGBTQ+ Children and Young People. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891874. [PMID: 35814480 PMCID: PMC9263369 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning (LGBTQ+) people experience healthcare inequalities in cancer care. Previous studies have focused on knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of healthcare professionals (HCPs) treating adults with cancer and how these contribute to inequalities. To date, no research has focused on HCPs treating LGBTQ+ children and adolescents with cancer in the UK. This is important given that this group may be at a critical time for exploring their gender identity and sexual orientation, whilst also facing a cancer diagnosis. We aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of paediatric, teenage and young adult oncology HCPs treating LGBTQ+ patients in the UK. Methods We carried out semi-structured interviews with 8 HCPs in paediatric, teenage and young adult (TYA) oncology from the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. Eight questions were asked, which centred around participants' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding management of LGBTQ+ patients in oncology. Interview transcripts were analysed by inductive thematic analysis. Results We identified 10 themes, including novel themes (how HCPs acquire knowledge and expectations of a 'third party' to be the expert) which may underlie previously observed trends in knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of HCPs. We highlight other themes and HCP concerns specific to care of LGBTQ+ patients in paediatrics (influence of the parental-carer dynamic, concerns around patient age and development as a barrier to disclosure) which require further research. We found evidence of the interrelatedness of HCP knowledge, attitudes and behaviours and the ability of these elements to positively influence each other. We mapped our themes across these elements to form a new suggested framework for improving HCP-patient interactions in LGBTQ+ Cancer Care. We found a need both for individual HCP education and organisational change, with creation of a culture of psychological safety to improve patient care. Conclusion Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of HCPs are closely interdependent when providing care to young LGBTQ+ patients with cancer. The authors suggest that future efforts to improve care of these patients address this complexity by spanning the domains of our suggested framework. Whilst HCP education is essential, change must also occur at an organisational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Gannon
- Paediatric and Teenage and Young Adult Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Tamsin Gannon,
| | - Bob Phillips
- Paediatric and Teenage and Young Adult (TYA) Oncology, Leeds Children’s Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Saunders
- Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alison May Berner
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Gender Identity Clinic, Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Attitudinal behaviour of agriculturalists towards pesticide use in Pir Panjal Range of Kashmir Himalayas. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1859-1870. [PMID: 35624173 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attainment of safety during pesticide spraying relies on the farmer's knowledge of pesticide use, attitude and sense of safety. However, such investigations are insufficient in the current study area. METHODS The study is based on a primary survey of 384 orchardists about the myriad of aspects affecting the use of pesticides and their subsequent effects. RESULTS The study revealed that knowledge, attitude, and perception had a weighted average index (WAI) and a standard deviation (SD) of 2.85 ± 1.17, 3.55 ± 1.34, and 3.81 ± 0.98 correspondingly. The findings reflect the farmers have a low to moderate level of knowledge, a moderate attitude toward pesticides, and a favourable perception on their utilization. Thus, for farmer personal protective equipment (PPE) use, it scored 2.77 ± 0.90 on the WAI scale, indicating that most farmers use PPEs 'rarely to occasionally' and that none use full protective gear. Furthermore, attitude and PPE usage exhibited a negative relationship with age, as younger people use PPE more than older ones. The findings were consistent for both farming experience and PPE usage. Moreover, there exists a positive association between age with perception and farming experience, knowledge with perception and PPE use, and attitude with perception. CONCLUSIONS The coefficient of determination (R2) shows that 67.2% of the variability in farmers' PPE use was attributed to factors including knowledge, attitude, perception, and education. A favorable behavioral shift in pesticide usage may be achieved by enhancing farmers' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions, and adequate PPE usage.
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Kayiwa D, Sembuche Mselle J, Isunju JB, Ssekamatte T, Tsebeni Wafula S, Muleme J, Ssempebwa J, Namanya E, Bateganya NL, Yakubu H, K Mugambe R. Determinants of hygiene practices among mothers seeking delivery services from healthcare facilities in the Kampala metropolitan area, Uganda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:292-304. [PMID: 32347736 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1755015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed at assessing the determinants of hand hygiene and utilisation of bathing facilities in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in the greater Kampala metropolitan area, Uganda. Results indicate that 19.9% of the respondents wished to wash hands and failed while 39.3% faced challenges related to bathing. Failure to wash hands was associated with received information on hand washing (APR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06-1.24), using piped water (APR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.78-0.98) or a well as the main water source at the HCF (APR = 1.21,95% CI: 1.03-1.42). Experiencing challenges of bathing was associated with accessing healthcare services at a hospital (APR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.97) and using public HCF (APR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.120). There is urgent need to improve hand hygiene and bathing facilities though providing reliable water and soap.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Bosco Isunju
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tonny Ssekamatte
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Solomon Tsebeni Wafula
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Muleme
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Ssempebwa
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emily Namanya
- Kampala Capital City Authority, Department of Environment and Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Najib Lukooya Bateganya
- Kampala Capital City Authority, Department of Environment and Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Habib Yakubu
- Kampala Capital City Authority, Department of Environment and Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard K Mugambe
- The Centre for Global Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene at Emory University, Atlanta, United States
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study of parents’ convictions and attitudes to the vaccination against rotavirus gastroenteritis in Ukraine. Fam Med 2021. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.4.2021.249407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Perception of pediatric oncology family care providers toward palliative care and its perceived barriers in Egypt. Palliat Support Care 2021; 20:55-61. [PMID: 34763743 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951521001668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care is comprehensive supportive care addressing the suffering, pain, discomfort, symptoms, and stress of cancer and any serious life-threatening disease. It is a key part of care for our children living with cancer and is an important source of support for their families. The study aimed to assess the perception of pediatric oncology family care providers toward palliative care and its perceived barriers in Egypt. METHOD Total number of 500 oncology children's family care providers was recruited. A descriptive research design was utilized. Researchers used three tools as Structured Interview Questionnaire to assess the participants' knowledge and perceived barriers, Attitude toward palliative care Likert Scale, and Reported Practices Observational Checklist. The study was conducted in outpatient cancer clinics affiliated with El-Nasr governmental hospital located at Port Said governorate. RESULTS 51.8% of the total oncology children's family care providers had sufficient knowledge, 78.6% had a positive attitude, while,76.8% of them had inappropriate Practice towards palliative care. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS The pediatric oncology family care providers had sufficient knowledge and a positive attitude toward palliative care, but their practices were inappropriate. Also, the majority of participants identified Lack of family care providers training in pediatric palliative care and improper communication between the health team and family care providers as the main barriers to providing palliative care to children. Providing a palliative care training program for family caregivers through continuing professional development is highly recommended besides further research studies using large probability samples at different settings.
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Comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and HIV testing among men in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel modelling. J Biosoc Sci 2021; 54:975-990. [PMID: 34736542 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932021000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and HIV testing among men in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Data were taken from the most recent (2010-2019) Demographic and Health Survey men's recode files of 29 countries in SSA. A total of 104,398 men who had complete information on all the variables of interest were included in the study. The outcome variable was HIV testing. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and HIV testing. The results of the fixed effects model were presented as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The average prevalences of HIV testing and comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge among men in SSA were 53.5% and 50.8% respectively. Rwanda and Niger recorded the highest (93.6%) and lowest prevalences (9.8%) respectively. The prevalence of comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge among men in the 29 countries was 50.8%, with the highest in Rwanda (76.4%) and the lowest in Benin (31.1%). Men who had no comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge were less likely to test for HIV compared with those who had comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge (AOR=0.59, CI: 0.57-0.60). Men who were older than 20 years, married or cohabiting, with at least secondary education, in the richest wealth quintile, exposed to mass media, used condoms and with multiple sexual partners were more likely to test for HIV. To improve HIV testing among men in SSA, this study recommends that policymakers and stakeholders step up comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge sensitization and education using effective tools such as mass media.
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Kangkhetkron T, Juntarawijit C. Factors Influencing Practice of Pesticide Use and Acute Health Symptoms among Farmers in Nakhon Sawan, Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168803. [PMID: 34444547 PMCID: PMC8394416 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Information on knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practice (P) in terms of pesticide use is essential for an effective exposure control program. The objectives of this study were to survey the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in terms of pesticide use, and the prevalence of acute health symptoms (AHSs) among farmers in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand. The study also tried to identify factors affecting the practice of pesticide use. Data from 680 farmers were collected using a face-to-face interview questionnaire. The relationship between safety practices and related factors was analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. This study found about 40% of the farmers had a good level of practice. Factors affecting practice were education, work experience, level of knowledge, or attitudes. Many participants experienced acute health symptoms in the past 24 h, and these symptoms were significantly associated with poor practice (p < 0.05). Public health organizations should provide farmers with more information, especially on chronic effects of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teera Kangkhetkron
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
- Nakhon Sawan Provincial Public Health Office, Ministry of Public Health, Nakhon Sawan 60000, Thailand
| | - Chudchawal Juntarawijit
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-089-637-6944
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Chan JXY, Wong ML, Gao X, Chia KS, Hong CHL, Hu S. Parental perspectives towards sugar-sweetened beverages and polices: a qualitative study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:1033-1040. [PMID: 34227054 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This qualitative study aimed to understand parental perception of (1) sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and implications of SSB on health; (2) their role in shaping their children's consumption of SSB; (3) the influences on SSB consumption of their children; and (4) potential government policies targeted at controlling SSB consumption. METHODS English-speaking parents of pre-schoolers aged 2-6 years were recruited. Semi-structured interviews based on the knowledge, attitude, practice framework were conducted, and transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis based on inductive approaches. Recruitment continued until data saturation was reached. RESULTS Twenty parents participated in the study and themes addressing the objectives identified. (1) There were misconceptions regarding the healthfulness of certain non-packaged SSB such as traditional remedies and juices. Some were unaware about the association between SSB and dental caries. (2) The need to reduce and restrict sugar consumption for overall and oral health reasons was well-recognised, but the extent of control varied. (3) Multiple stakeholders including pre-schools, grandparents and domestic helpers were involved in shaping children's diet. Children's sugar intake was also influenced by environmental factors, such as the ubiquitously available SSB, targeted marketing and high cost of healthy alternatives. (4) Participants were less accepting towards SSB taxation than the ban of SSB sales. CONCLUSION Despite the awareness of the types of SSBs and the general/oral health implications of sugar consumption, misconceptions exist. Although most parents possessed the knowledge and attitude, this did not translate into the practice of reducing sugar consumption in their children. There was no SSB reduction policy that had overwhelming acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Y Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M L Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - X Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Heath, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K S Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Heath, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C H L Hong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Hu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Khaerunnisa S, Syafa'ah I, Wungu CDK, Prabowo GI, Handajani R, Safitri I, Notopuro H, Qurnianingsih E, Lukitasari L, Humairah I, Bakhtiar A, Suwandito S, Asih SW, Anggraeni ZEY, Adi GS, Nugrahani ER, Zulka AN, Soetjipto S. The Improvement of Community Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices After Covid-19 Socialization. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v57i2.26262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined community knowledge, attitudes, and practices after COVID-19 socialization in Rambipuji and Suci Village, Jember District, East Java, Indonesia. This study used the analytic observational design study. As many as 40 people were given socialization about COVID-19 by gathering and online. The questionnaires were completed in two parts included before-socialization and after-socialization. The questionnaire data were analyzed descriptively by calculating frequency, percentage, and inferential statistics by t-test, Spearman correlation, and chi-square test. The data analysis used IBM SPSS version 23 software. The mean and standard deviation of percentage of knowledge pre-test, knowledge post-test, high attitude, moderate attitude, low attitude, very high practice, high practice, sufficient practice, and low practice were 58.33 ± 30.97, 77.70 ± 22.52, 62.5±21.7, 31±22.2, 6.5±17.1, 65±13.8, 32.3±13.8, 1.25±2.4, 1.25±1.8, respectively. Knowledge pre-test and post-test correlated 0.819 (p=0.001) and a t-test with p=0.003. Attitudes and practices correlated with p=0.001. Socialization of COVID-19 was useful to improve the community knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Rambipuji and Suci Village, Jember District, East Java, Indonesia that could prevent the transmission and inhibit the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Furthermore, continuous encouragement of COVID-19 socialization in wide areas was recommended.
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Rossete CA, Ribeiro MG. Laboratory Technicians’ Use and Interpretation of Hazard Communication Elements on Chemical Labels. ACS CHEMICAL HEALTH & SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chas.0c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celso A. Rossete
- Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho (FUNDACENTRO), Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05409-002, Brazil
| | - Marcela G. Ribeiro
- Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho (FUNDACENTRO), Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05409-002, Brazil
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Knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19 among higher education students in India: a cross sectional study. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG 2021; 30:1661-1673. [PMID: 34007782 PMCID: PMC8118369 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study explored the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of higher education students towards COVID-19. In addition, this study analysed the association of socio-demographic variables with KAP apart from finding the relationship between KAP. Subject and methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in India. Study participants were selected using a convenient sampling method from various higher educational institutions across 22 states in India. Data was collected using self-administered close-ended questionnaires via Google forms. The data were analysed using frequencies and percentage for descriptive purposes. A chi-square test was used to determine the association between groups, and correlation analysis was used to illustrate the significant relationship between KAP. Results The majority, that is, 65.5% of students possess a high level of knowledge about the disease. It was noteworthy that 71.0% of them had a positive attitude towards COVID-19 and 66.7% of them exhibited desirable practices to mitigate COVID-19. Furthermore, the results showed a significant association between KAP and some of the socio-demographic variables studied. Social media emerged as a vital source of information regarding COVID-19 for the majority (81.0%) of students. Also, a strong significant positive correlation was observed between KAP variables. Conclusion One-fourth of the students demonstrated only low and moderate levels of knowledge, negative attitude and undesirable practices in preventing COVID-19. The implications suggesting various approaches to enhance KAP to moderate the spread of COVID-19 among the students were recommended to aid the higher educational institutions.
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Li H, Daszak F, Chmura A, Zhang Y, Terry P, Fielder M. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Zoonotic Risk in Wildlife Trade, Southern China. ECOHEALTH 2021; 18:95-106. [PMID: 34345998 PMCID: PMC8331996 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Current wildlife trade practices in China lead to significant interactions between humans and animals and drive the emergence of zoonotic diseases. The at-risk behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes that influence health-related behaviors in relation to animal contact and safety measures in the trade remain poorly understood. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 947 adult Internet users in three provinces in southern China to assess knowledge, perceived disease risks, at-risk behaviors, and the association of these factors with other demographic factors among the target population. Few of the participants possessed sufficient knowledge of zoonotic diseases. Although most participants were opposed to the use of wild animal resources, many reported keeping wild animals as pets (30.7%) and eating wild animals (30.5%). The majority of participants (76.3%) believed the disease transmission via wildlife trade, but few connected contact with animals to sickness (18.5%) and only slightly more than half sought post-exposure treatment (54.4%). These results reveal low levels of knowledge and perceived risk regarding disease emergence from the animal-human interactions in wildlife trade and uncover the gaps in knowledge and attitudes as key challenges to the development of health behavior change interventions pertaining to wildlife trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Li
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA.
- School of Life Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston, UK.
| | - Francesca Daszak
- Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Yunzhi Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, China
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Philip Terry
- School of Business and Innovation, Kingston University, Kingston, UK
| | - Mark Fielder
- School of Life Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston, UK
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Information or Habit: What Health Policy Makers Should Know about the Drivers of Self-Medication among Romanians. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020689. [PMID: 33466957 PMCID: PMC7830883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We use the Knowledge, Perceptions and Practices framework to analyze determinants of three types of self-medication practices in Romania: (1) self-medication in the case of cold/flu/viral infections; (2) taking non-prescribed medicine in general; and (3) self-medication based on recommendations by others. We analyzed 706 responses to an online survey and used a factor-based Partial Least Squares algorithm (PLSF) to estimate the relationships between each type of self-medication and possible predictors. Our results show that self–medication is strongly predicted by non-cognitive behavioral factors such as habits and similarity of symptoms, while cognitive determinants such as knowledge and understanding of potential risks are not significantly associated with self-medication behaviors. This paper identifies nonlinear relationships among self-medication practices and its predictors and discusses how our results can help policymakers calibrate interventions with better accuracy.
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21
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Reyes-Castro PA, Ernst KC, Walker KR, Hayden MH, Alvarez-Hernandez G. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Hermosillo, México. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 104:184-189. [PMID: 33219641 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a serious disease in northwest Mexico, particularly in low-income communities. This study aimed to evaluate RMSF-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices in an endemic urban area with a high burden of the disease. A cross-sectional study design using a non-probabilistic household survey was conducted with 400 residents in Hermosillo, Mexico. Primary themes assessed included dog and tick-related exposure, RMSF knowledge, healthcare-seeking behavior, sociodemographic data, and household information. The majority (59%) of those surveyed had heard about RMSF, although only 36% of RMSF-aware respondents knew any RMSF symptoms. Among RMSF-aware respondents, 26% did not know or were unsure of prevention strategies. Individuals in the low socioeconomic status (SES) stratum were less likely to have heard about RMSF (odds ratio [OR]: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.25-0.59), use dog collars or any other product to avoid ticks (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.17-0.99), or check their dogs for ticks (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.09-0.74). The likelihood of observing high numbers of free-roaming dogs in their neighborhood was four times higher in the low SES stratum (OR: 4.19; 95% CI: 2.10-8.38) than in the high SES stratum. These findings emphasize the need for an integrative community approach to improve early recognition of symptoms and knowledge of prevention strategies, particularly in low SES neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Reyes-Castro
- 1Center of Studies on Health and Society, El Colegio de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mary H Hayden
- 3National Center for Human Resilience, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado
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Paul A, Sikdar D, Hossain MM, Amin MR, Deeba F, Mahanta J, Jabed MA, Islam MM, Noon SJ, Nath TK. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the novel coronavirus among Bangladeshis: Implications for mitigation measures. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238492. [PMID: 32877449 PMCID: PMC7467312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current novel coronavirus (nCoV) pandemic, COVID-19, was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has spread globally, causing startling loss of life, stalling the global economy, and disrupting social life. One of the challenges to contain COVID-19 is convincing people to adopt personal hygiene, social distancing, and self-quarantine practices that are related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the residents of respective countries. Bangladesh, a densely populated country with a fast-growing economy and moderate literacy rate, has shown many hiccups in its efforts to implement COVID-19 policies. Understanding KAP may help policy makers produce informed decisions. This study assessed KAP in relation to COVID-19 in Bangladesh. An online survey using a pre-tested questionnaire conducted in late March 2020 attained 1,837 responses across Bangladesh. Ultimately, 1,589 completed responses were included in a statistical analysis to calculate KAP scores and their interrelations with sociodemographic variables. The overall KAP was poor, with only 33% of the participants demonstrating good knowledge, whereas 52.4% and 44.8% of the subjects showed good attitudes and practices, respectively. Sociodemographic factors had strong bearings on the KAP scores. Significantly higher KAP scores were evident in females over males, among aged 45 years and older over younger participants, and among retired workers and homemakers over students and public service employees. This study indicated a panic fuelled by poor understanding of COVID-19 associated facts and the need for the government to ensure more granular and targeted awareness campaigns in a transparent and factual manner to foster public confidence and ensure more meaningful public participation in mitigation measures. This study provides a KAP baseline regarding COVID-19 among Bangladeshis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alak Paul
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Dwaipayan Sikdar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Robed Amin
- Department of Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Deeba
- Honorary Post-Doctoral Fellow at Macquarie University (Australia) and Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Janardan Mahanta
- Department of Statistics, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Akib Jabed
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sharifa Jahan Noon
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Tapan Kumar Nath
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kang MJ, Park JH, Park S, Kim NG, Kim EY, Yu YM, Kim DY, Lee JY, Shin WG, Choi SA. Community pharmacists' knowledge, perceptions, and practices about topical corticosteroid counseling: A real-world cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions in Korea. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236797. [PMID: 32726366 PMCID: PMC7390350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical corticosteroids (TCs) are widely used to treat dermatological conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. It can be a safe and effective treatment when used appropriately. However, misguided information and corticosteroid phobia appear to contribute to inadequate adherence to therapy, leading to unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. Therefore, community pharmacists (CPs) are in a prime position to inform patients about the appropriate use of medicine. The aim of this study was to examine how the knowledge and perceptions of CPs, as well as other factors, associate CPs’ patient counseling practice around the use of TCs. A structured, validated questionnaire was distributed to CPs in the Republic of Korea, and additional focus group discussions were implemented to obtain a deeper understanding of the survey findings. We analyzed the survey results by applying a modified knowledge-perception-practice model. In addition, we used path analysis to validate the model and assessed how knowledge level and perceptions of barriers affect CPs’ counseling behavior. We ran a multiple regression to identify factors that associate CPs’ practice levels. A total of 1018 surveys were analyzed. In general, respondents had sufficient knowledge to provide appropriate patient counseling on TC use. An increase in knowledge level positively associated the quality of practice, and more knowledge increased the perception of barriers that negatively associated patient counseling. Location in rural areas and pharmacists’ perception of counseling barriers negatively associated the quality of practice. A higher level of knowledge, training in ADEs, higher proportion of OTC TC sales, and increased time for counseling positively associated the quality of practice. Therefore, minimizing barriers such as negative perceptions is very important in facilitating CPs’ counseling practice around TC use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Research Institute Clinical Trials Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Sunny Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Nam Gyu Kim
- Clinical Development Team, Wellmarker Bio Co, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Mi Yu
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wan Gyoon Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo An Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Predictors of patients' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding uncomplicated malaria in the primary healthcare facilities of Plateau state, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-06-2019-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThis study determined factors that influenced patients' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding uncomplicated malaria in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities of Plateau state, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe data of 956 patients treated for uncomplicated malaria in PHC facilities of Plateau state were used for the study. Inferential statistical analyses were conducted to identify factors that influenced patients' KAP on the disease and its management.FindingsThe study revealed age (p < 0.001), level of education (p = 0.012), attitudes (p = 0.007) and practices (p < 0.001) as significant predictors of knowledge outcomes on uncomplicated malaria, while their attitudes towards the disease and its management was predicted by their gender (p = 0.011), occupation (p = 0.049), monthly income (p = 0.018), knowledge (p < 0.001) and practices (p < 0.001). Furthermore, their practices were significantly predicted by monthly incomes (p = 0.043), knowledge (p < 0.001), attitudes (p < 0.001) and number of anti-malarial and adjunct drugs administered to them (p = 0.041).Originality/valueThe study revealed a mixed influence of patients' characteristics on their KAP outcomes. This calls for appropriate intervention measures towards achieving the desired patients' therapeutic outcomes.
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Staudacher P, Fuhrimann S, Farnham A, Mora AM, Atuhaire A, Niwagaba C, Stamm C, Eggen RIL, Winkler MS. Comparative Analysis of Pesticide Use Determinants Among Smallholder Farmers From Costa Rica and Uganda. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2020; 14:1178630220972417. [PMID: 33402828 PMCID: PMC7739084 DOI: 10.1177/1178630220972417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used globally in agriculture and pose a threat to the health of farmers, communities, and the environment. Smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income countries have generally a low socio-economic status and educational level. Consequently, they are particularly vulnerable to negative impacts of pesticides on their health, yields, or land. In a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices study, we compared the pest management practices between a market-oriented farming system in Zarcero County, Costa Rica, and a subsistence-based farming system in Wakiso District, Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among smallholder farmers from Costa Rica (n = 300) in 2016 and from Uganda (n = 302) in 2017. We enrolled conventional and organic farmers, but also farmers with mixed practices and non-applicators of any pest management strategy. We found that the majority of pesticides used in both case studies are classified as highly hazardous by the World Health Organization. While more than 90% of smallholder farmers from both countries were aware of the negative health effects of pesticide exposure, <11% in Costa Rica and <2% in Uganda reported using personal protective equipment every time they handled or applied pesticides. Hygiene and other safe use practices were not adopted by all farmers (<61%), especially among farmers applying more hazardous pesticides. Conventional farmers from Costa Rica (14%) and Uganda (19%) reported disposing pesticide residuals into rivers. Using a logistic regression we found that organic farmers were more likely to having been trained on safe pesticide use practices. Using a robust regression, we observed that smallholder household income was primarily driven by education and not directly by the use of synthetic pesticides. Our results suggest that negative effects of pesticides can be managed over the whole life cycle, from purchase, via storage and application to residual and waste management by fostering professionalization of farmers. We advise future safe use and handling interventions to consider the pesticide use-related socioeconomic and demographic findings highlighted in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Staudacher
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, CHN, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Philipp Staudacher, Eawag, Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland.
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Farnham
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana M Mora
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aggrey Atuhaire
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health (UNACOH), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles Niwagaba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christian Stamm
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rik IL Eggen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, CHN, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mirko S Winkler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Madut NA, Muleme J, Kankya C, Nasinyama GW, Muma JB, Godfroid J, Jubara AS, Muwonge A. The Epidemiology of Zoonotic Brucellosis in Bahr el Ghazal Region of South Sudan. Front Public Health 2019; 7:156. [PMID: 31297365 PMCID: PMC6607442 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In this study, we focused on three zoonotic brucellosis risk groups; abattoir workers, febrile cases at Wau hospital and cattle herders, in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan. Competitive c-ELISA was used to detect anti-Brucella antibodies in 725 individuals between December 2015 and May 2016. In addition, questionnaire metadata, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to characterize the epidemiology of zoonotic brucellosis in this region. Results: Overall, we estimate 27.2 % (95% CI = 23.9-30.6) brucellosis sero-prevalence; 32.1% (95% CI = 26.2-38.4), 23.0% (95% CI = 19.1-27.4) and 34.6% (95% CI = 24.4-46.3) among abattoir workers, febrile cases, and herders, respectively. Marital status (Single, OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.36-0.91, P = 0.02) and ethnicity (Kerash OR = 6.01, 95%CI: 1.97-21.10, P = 0.003 and Balanda, OR = 3.78, 95%CI: 1.42-12.02, P = 0.01) were associated with brucellosis. While gender and ethnicity were important factors for general awareness of zoonotic diseases. Highly ranked occupations at risk included veterinarian, butchers and milk handlers. We also identified covariate patterns for clinical diagnostics and public health interventions. Conclusion: We report the highest sero-prevalence of zoonotic brucellosis in three risk groups in the East African region. All this is not only occurring in a population with limited awareness that brucellosis is a zoonotic disease but also where one in nine health workers tested was sero-positive. We identified social demographic associations with brucellosis, however, the qualitative analysis suggests these are more complex and nuanced. Therefore, future studies could benefit from the use of the mixed methods approach to add extensiveness and depth to our understanding of zoonotic disease drivers, in order to implement mitigating measures such as cattle vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuol Aywel Madut
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Bahr el Ghazal, Wau, South Sudan.,Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems & Veterinary Public Health (BEP), College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources & Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Muleme
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems & Veterinary Public Health (BEP), College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources & Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Clovice Kankya
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems & Veterinary Public Health (BEP), College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources & Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - George William Nasinyama
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems & Veterinary Public Health (BEP), College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources & Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Bwalya Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jacques Godfroid
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ambrose Samuel Jubara
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Bahr el Ghazal, Wau, South Sudan
| | - Adrian Muwonge
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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27
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Odafe S, Stafford KA, Gambo A, Onotu D, Swaminathan M, Dalhatu I, Ene U, Ademola O, Mukhtar A, Ramat I, Akipu E, Debem H, Boyd AT, Sunday A, Gobir B, Charurat ME. Health Workers' Perspectives on the Outcomes, Enablers, and Barriers to the Implementation of HIV "Test and Treat" Guidelines in Abuja, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF AIDS AND HIV TREATMENT 2019; 1:33-45. [PMID: 32328591 PMCID: PMC7179071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated health workers' perspectives on the implementation of the 2016 HIV "Test and Treat" guidelines in Nigeria. Using semi-structured interviews, qualitative data was collected from twenty health workers meeting inclusion criteria in six study sites. Data exploration was conducted using thematic content analysis. Participants perceived that the "Test and Treat" guidelines improved care for PLHIV, though they also perceived possible congested clinics. Perceived key factors enabling guidelines use were perceived patient benefits, availability of policy document and trainings. Perceived key barriers to guidelines use were poverty among patients, inadequate human resources and stock-outs of HIV testing kits. Further improvements in uptake of guidelines could be achieved by effecting an efficient supply chain system for HIV testing kits, and improved guidelines distribution and capacity building prior to implementation. Additionally, implementing differentiated approaches that decongest clinics, and programs that economically empower patients, could improve guidelines use, as Nigeria scales "Test and Treat" nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Odafe
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centre for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria,Correspondence should be addressed to Solomon Odafe;
| | - Kristen A. Stafford
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Aliyu Gambo
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Dennis Onotu
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centre for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mahesh Swaminathan
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centre for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Dalhatu
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centre for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Uzoma Ene
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centre for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oladipo Ademola
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centre for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Mukhtar
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centre for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Ramat
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ehoche Akipu
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Henry Debem
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centre for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Andrew T. Boyd
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centre for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Aboje Sunday
- National AIDS & STIs Control Program, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bola Gobir
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Man E. Charurat
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
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