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Sillice MA, Nelson T, Jennings E, Holland CC, Bock BC. Assessing Hair Concerns and Physical Activity Measures Among African American Women: a Mixed-Method Exploratory Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:226-237. [PMID: 36648622 PMCID: PMC10350471 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research on the association between hair concerns and physical activity (PA) constructs among African American (AA) women is lacking. Demographics such as age and income are indicated to influence hair concerns. In this study, quantitative methods were used to assess demographic differences in hair concerns and associations between hair concerns and PA. Qualitative interviewing explored AA women's views about their hair and engagement in PA. METHODS Participants (n = 48; M age = 37.57, SD = 13.72) completed a survey that included demographics, hair type and hairstyle management (HTHM), decisional balance (pros, cons), perceived benefits and perceived barriers scale, and level of physical activity. HTHM consists of six items measuring different factors related to hair concerns. 25 completed a qualitative interview. Chi-square or analysis of variance tests were conducted as appropriate. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Proportion differences were noted between age groups (≤ 32 vs. ≥ 33) and average cost of haircare per month (p = .048). A statistically significant effect was noted for average monthly haircare cost and pros (p = .05), and for alter behavior due to hair concerns and perceived benefits to physical activity (p = .05). For level of physical activity, proportion differences were noted between exercisers and non-exercisers for average minutes spent on hair care (p = .009). Qualitative results showed few participants view hair concern as an important barrier to PA. Some participants suggested strategies for overcoming hair concerns to exercise (e.g., braids, twists). CONCLUSION Implications of findings including development of PA intervention approaches that may appeal to AA women are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Aline Sillice
- City University of New York School of Public & Health Policy, 55 W 125Th St, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Tamara Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA
| | - Ernestine Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior at The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Curtis C Holland
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Beth C Bock
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior at The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
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Alick CL, Braxton D, Skinner H, Alexander R, Ammerman AS, Keyserling TC, Samuel-Hodge CD. Rural African American Women With Severe Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Lifestyle Behaviors and Psychosocial Characteristics. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:1060-1069. [PMID: 37505193 PMCID: PMC10631280 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231190597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine differences in lifestyle behavioral and psychosocial factors between rural African American women with Class 3 obesity and those with overweight, and Class 1-2 obesity. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Rural Southeastern United States. SUBJECTS Participants included 289 African American women with a mean age of 56 years, 66% with a high school education or less, and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 38.6 kg/m2; 35% (n = 102) were classified with Class 3 obesity. MEASURES We objectively measured height, weight, and physical activity steps/day. Self-reported dietary and physical activity behaviors, general health-related quality of life, mental health, and social support were measured with validated surveys. ANALYSIS Chi-Square analysis for categorical variables and analysis of variance (ANOVA) - via multiple linear regression - for continuous variables. RESULTS There were no significant demographic differences between BMI groups, except for age, where women with Class 3 obesity were on average younger (51 vs 58 y, P < .001). Although dietary behaviors did not differ significantly between groups, we observed significant group differences in self-reported and objective measures of physical activity. The age-adjusted difference in means for self-reported total physical activity minutes/wk. was 91 minutes, with women categorized with Class 3 obesity reporting significantly fewer weekly minutes than those with overweight/Class 1-2 obesity (64.3 vs 156.4 min/wk. respectively, P < .01). Among psychosocial variables, only in the physical component scores of health-related quality of life did we find significant group differences - lower physical well-being among women with Class 3 obesity compared to those with overweight/Class 1-2 obesity (P = .02). CONCLUSION For African American women with Class 3 obesity living in rural setting, these findings suggest behavioral weight loss interventions may need to target physical activity strategies that address physical, psychosocial, and environmental barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice L. Alick
- Center for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Danielle Braxton
- Department of Health Promotion, North Carolina Wesleyan College, Rocky Mount, NC, USA
| | - Harlyn Skinner
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ramine Alexander
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Alice S. Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C. Keyserling
- Internal Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carmen D. Samuel-Hodge
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Joseph RP, Todd M, Ainsworth BE, Vega-López S, Adams MA, Hollingshead K, Hooker SP, Gaesser GA, Keller C. Smart Walk: A Culturally Tailored Smartphone-Delivered Physical Activity Intervention for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction among African American Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1000. [PMID: 36673756 PMCID: PMC9859082 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the results of Smart Walk: a randomized pilot trial of an 8-month culturally tailored, smartphone-delivered physical activity (PA) intervention for African American women with obesity. Sixty participants (age range = 24−49 years; BMI range = 30−58 kg/m2) were randomized to the Smart Walk intervention (n = 30) or a wellness comparison intervention (n = 30). Results supported the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention, as demonstrated by participant retention (85% at 4 months and 78% at 8 months), Smart Walk app use, and intervention satisfaction (i.e., 100% of PA participants completing the intervention [n = 24] reported they would recommend it to friend). Smart Walk participants also reported greater increases in moderate-to-vigorous PA (4-month between-arm difference in change [b] = 43.3 min/week; p = 0.018; Cohen’s d = 0.69; 8-month b = 56.6 min/week; p = 0.046; d = 0.63) and demonstrated clinically relevant, although not statistically significant (p-values > 0.05), baseline to 4 months improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (b = 1.67 mL/kg/min; d = 0.40), systolic blood pressure (b = −3.33 mmHg; d = 0.22), diastolic blood pressure (b = −4.28 mmHg; d = 0.37), and pulse wave velocity (b = −0.46 m/s; d = 0.33). Eight-month cardiometabolic outcomes followed similar trends, but had high rates of missing data (45−53%) due to COVID-19 restrictions. Collectively, findings demonstrated favorable outcomes for acceptability and feasibility, while also highlighting key areas for refinement in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney P. Joseph
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Michael Todd
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | | | - Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Marc A. Adams
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Kevin Hollingshead
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Steven P. Hooker
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Glenn A. Gaesser
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Colleen Keller
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Toth SE, Highfill MC, Jenkins IK, Battle RD. Exercise stages of change and barriers among undergraduates at a historically black university. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36170376 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate exercise stages of change (SOC) and physical barriers among undergraduates at an Historically Black University (HBCU) and quantify their relationship. Participants: A total of 326 undergraduate HBCU students; 198 were females (body mass index (BMI) range 16.5-87.9; M = 26.5 ± 6.8) and 127 were males (BMI range 18.0-49.3; M = 26.4 ± 5.7). Methods: Students voluntarily completed a three-section survey: demographic questions, Exercise SOC, and Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ). Results: An ANOVA determined significant differences (p < . 001) between the means for each SOC for lack of time, social influence, lack of energy, lack of willpower, and lack of skill. Significant differences (p < . 001) existed between SOC and BBAQ score, as well as number of important barriers. Conclusions: HBCU interventions should address time management, energy, motivation, social support, and skill development to promote exercise and reduce barriers, especially among Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Toth
- Department of Health Science and Human Performance, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - M Christine Highfill
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Isia K Jenkins
- Department of Health Science and Human Performance, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Rakiya D Battle
- Department of Health Science and Human Performance, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
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5
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Rand BG, Ehrlich SF, Johnson TM, Churilla JR. Diabetes risk status and meeting the US physical activity recommendations in reproductive-aged women: 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14889. [PMID: 35593657 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women at increased risk for type 2 diabetes, due to recognized prediabetes (PD) or previous gestational diabetes (GD), stand to benefit from meeting U.S. physical activity (PA) recommendations. This study examined the association of diabetes risk status with meeting aerobic activity (AA), muscle strengthening activity (MSA) and both recommendations. METHODS Non-pregnant women, 18-44, free of recognized diabetes, who participated in the 2011, 2013, 2015, or 2017 U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (N = 211,114) were categorized as no diabetes (ND; n = 202,766, referent) versus at-risk for diabetes (RD; n = 8348). Logistic regression models generated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), adjusted for demographics and BMI. Tests for multiplicative interactions were performed for BMI category and race and ethnicity. RESULTS There were lower odds of meeting AA, MSA and both recommendations in the RD group (referent = ND; OR 0.95 [5% CI 0.78, 0.97], 0.83 [95% CI 0.91, 0.98] and 0.87 [95% CI 0.78, 0.97], respectively). Effect modification by BMI category was detected for models assessing MSA (p = 0.10), both (p = 0.07) and neither recommendation (p = 0.005), but not for AA. Among those with a BMI in the healthy and overweight groups, RD had decreased odds of meeting MSA recommendations (referent = ND; 0.69 [95% CI 0.58, 0.81] and 0.78 [95% CI 0.65, 0.93], respectively); among the healthy BMI, RD had 24% decreased odds of meeting both recommendations (referent = ND; 95% CI 0.63, 0.91). There was no difference in meeting PA recommendations among groups in the obese category, but the increased odds of meeting the AA recommendation among the RD group were approaching significance (referent = ND; [95% CI 1.00, 1.29], p = 0.06]. CONCLUSION Reproductive-aged women with previous GD or recognized PD stand to benefit from increasing PA, especially MSA, the least often met recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany G Rand
- Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samantha F Ehrlich
- Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tammie M Johnson
- Florida A&M University, Institute of Public Health, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - James R Churilla
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Justin TA, Jette S. "That chart ain't for us": How Black women understand "obesity," health, and physical activity. Health (London) 2021; 26:605-621. [PMID: 34523360 DOI: 10.1177/13634593211046844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we use qualitative methodology to explore how eight physically active Black women, who self-identify as "obese," understand and experience health and physical activity, as well as how they position themselves in relation to discourses pertaining to "obesity" and Black femininity. Drawing on Foucauldian-informed critical obesity scholarship and Black feminist thought, we explore the ways in which physically active Black women concurrently resist, reproduce, and navigate racialized and gendered obesity discourse. Our findings advance critical obesity scholarship as we indicate that participants simultaneously adapt to, negotiate, and resist obesity discourse by re-defining health, questioning the BMI, and centering their desire for corporeal "thickness" as critical to their identity as Black women.
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7
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Adeloye D, Ige-Elegbede JO, Auta A, Ale BM, Ezeigwe N, Omoyele C, Dewan MT, Mpazanje RG, Agogo E, Alemu W, Gadanya MA, Harhay MO, Adebiyi AO. Epidemiology of physical inactivity in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 44:595-605. [PMID: 33982123 PMCID: PMC9424057 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is crucial to preventing noncommunicable diseases. This study aimed to provide up-to-date evidence on the epidemiology of insufficient physical activity across Nigeria to increase awareness and prompt relevant policy and public health response. Methods A systematic literature search of community-based studies on physical inactivity was conducted. We constructed a meta-regression epidemiologic model to determine the age-adjusted prevalence and number of physically inactive persons in Nigeria for 1995 and 2020. Results Fifteen studies covering a population of 13 814 adults met our selection criteria. The pooled crude prevalence of physically inactive persons in Nigeria was 52.0% (95% CI: 33.7–70.4), with prevalence in women higher at 55.8% (95% CI: 29.4–82.3) compared to men at 49.3% (95% CI: 24.7–73.9). Across settings, prevalence of physically inactive persons was significantly higher among urban dwellers (56.8%, 35.3–78.4) compared to rural dwellers (18.9%, 11.9–49.8). Among persons aged 20–79 years, the total number of physically inactive persons increased from 14.4 million to 48.6 million between 1995 and 2020, equivalent to a 240% increase over the 25-year period. Conclusions A comprehensive and robust strategy that addresses occupational policies, town planning, awareness and information, and sociocultural and contextual issues is crucial to improving physical activity levels in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janet O Ige-Elegbede
- Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Asa Auta
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mary T Dewan
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Rex G Mpazanje
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Muktar A Gadanya
- Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Michael O Harhay
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Biederman DJ, Sabol VK, Thompson J, Duncan Q, Pereira KC. Increasing physical activity with African-American women using Facebook™ and Pedometers. Public Health Nurs 2021; 38:671-674. [PMID: 33682156 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
More than 80 percent of African American women struggle with overweight and obesity. We implemented a 5-week physical activity intervention using Facebook™ and pedometers with African American women. Twenty-seven African American women participated in a single-group pre/post design intervention to promote walking and physical activity. Participants were given access to a private Facebook™ group along with a free Omron Alvita pedometer. The five-week intervention challenged participants to increase weekly daily steps and the number of days they were physically active. At the end of the intervention, participants had significantly increased their weekly steps by 190% as compared to baseline (p = .005). Nearly, 80% of participants reported being active two or more days per week as compared to baseline (35.7%). Technologies such as social media and pedometers can assist in educating individuals and improving physical activity. These findings are relevant to public health nurses when implementing programs to increase physical activity for African American women.
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Hair Maintenance and Chemical Hair Product Usage as Barriers to Physical Activity in Childhood and Adulthood among African American Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249254. [PMID: 33322020 PMCID: PMC7762987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative studies have identified haircare practices as important culturally specific barriers to physical activity (PA) among Black/African American (AA) women, but quantitative investigations are lacking. Using the Study of Environment, Lifestyle and Fibroids data among 1558 Black/AA women, we investigated associations between hair product usage/hair maintenance behaviors and PA during childhood and adulthood. Participants reported childhood and current chemical relaxer and leave-in conditioner use. Self-reported PA included childhood recreational sports participation, leisure-time PA engagement during adulthood, and, at each life stage, minutes of and intensity of PA. Adjusting for socioeconomic and health characteristics, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each PA measure for more vs. less frequent hair product use/hair maintenance. Thirty-four percent reported ≥twice/year chemical relaxer use and 22% reported ≥once/week leave-in conditioner use at age 10 years, and neither were associated with PA at age 10 years. In adulthood, ≥twice/year chemical relaxer users (30%) were less likely (PR = 0.90 [95% CI: 0.79-1.02]) and ≥once/week leave-in conditioner users (24%) were more likely (PR = 1.09 [95% CI: 0.99-1.20]) to report intense PA compared to counterparts reporting rarely/never use. Hair product use/maintenance may influence PA among Black/AA women and impact cardiometabolic health disparities.
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Blackman Carr LT, Nezami BT, Leone LA. Perceived Benefits and Barriers in the Mediation of Exercise Differences in Older Black Women with and Without Obesity. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 7:807-815. [PMID: 32533532 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Weight control is an exercise benefit, important for older Black women, a group experiencing obesity disparities. We compared perceived exercise benefits and barriers between Black women with and without obesity and determined which mediated the weight group-exercise relationship. METHODS A survey (n = 234) was administered to determine attitudinal agreement between weight groups (obese or non-obese). Multiple mediation analysis was used to investigate if attitudes mediated the weight group-exercise relationship. RESULTS High agreement with all exercise benefits was observed between women with and without obesity. Compared with women without obesity, women with obesity were more likely to report the barriers of only exercising to lose weight (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.40-4.55), lack of will power (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.05-3.19), weight (OR = 3.04, 95% CI 1.34-6.83), and cost (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.02-4.47). Exercising to lose weight and lack of will power mediated the weight group-exercise relationship. CONCLUSIONS Women largely agreed on the exercise benefits. Lack of will power and engaging in exercise only for weight loss were barriers that were more common among older Black women with obesity. The barriers partially explained the lower exercise engagement in women with obesity. Future work may address these barriers to increase exercise in older Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loneke T Blackman Carr
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Unit 4017, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-4017, USA.
| | - Brooke T Nezami
- Department of Nutrition, Suite 136, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Lucia A Leone
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
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Joseph RP, Keller C, Vega-López S, Adams MA, English R, Hollingshead K, Hooker SP, Todd M, Gaesser GA, Ainsworth BE. A Culturally Relevant Smartphone-Delivered Physical Activity Intervention for African American Women: Development and Initial Usability Tests of Smart Walk. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e15346. [PMID: 32130198 PMCID: PMC7076402 DOI: 10.2196/15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smart Walk is a culturally relevant, social cognitive theory–based, smartphone-delivered intervention designed to increase physical activity (PA) and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk among African American (AA) women. Objective This study aimed to describe the development and initial usability testing results of Smart Walk. Methods Smart Walk was developed in 5 phases. Phases 1 to 3 focused on initial intervention development, phase 4 involved usability testing, and phase 5 included intervention refinement based on usability testing results. In phase 1, a series of 9 focus groups with 25 AA women (mean age 38.5 years, SD 7.8; mean BMI 39.4 kg/m2, SD 7.3) was used to identify cultural factors associated with PA and ascertain how constructs of social cognitive theory can be leveraged in the design of a PA intervention. Phase 2 included the analysis of phase 1 qualitative data and development of the structured PA intervention. Phase 3 focused on the technical development of the smartphone app used to deliver the intervention. Phase 4 consisted of a 1-month usability trial of Smart Walk (n=12 women; mean age 35.0 years, SD 8.5; mean BMI 40 kg/m2, SD 5.0). Phase 5 included refinement of the intervention based on the usability trial results. Results The 5-phase process resulted in the development of the Smart Walk smartphone-delivered PA intervention. This PA intervention was designed to target social cognitive theory constructs of behavioral capability, outcome expectations, social support, self-efficacy, and self-regulation and address deep structure sociocultural characteristics of collectivism, racial pride, and body appearance preferences of AA women. Key features of the smartphone app included (1) personal profile pages, (2) multimedia PA promotion modules (ie, electronic text and videos), (3) discussion boards, and (4) a PA self-monitoring tool. Participants also received 3 PA promotion text messages each week. Conclusions The development process of Smart Walk was designed to maximize the usability, cultural relevance, and impact of the smartphone-delivered PA intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney P Joseph
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Colleen Keller
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Marc A Adams
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Rebekah English
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Kevin Hollingshead
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Steven P Hooker
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Michael Todd
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Glenn A Gaesser
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Barbara E Ainsworth
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu Qu, Shanghai Shi, China
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12
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Gaston SA, James-Todd T, Harmon Q, Taylor KW, Baird D, Jackson CL. Chemical/straightening and other hair product usage during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood among African-American women: potential implications for health. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:86-96. [PMID: 31641276 PMCID: PMC6917990 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have characterized life course hair product usage beyond ever/never. We investigated hair product use from childhood to adulthood, usage patterns in adulthood, and socioeconomic status (SES) correlates among African-American (AA) women. Using self-reported data from 1555 AA women enrolled in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids (2010-2018), we estimated the usage frequency of chemical relaxer/straightener (≥twice/year, once/year, and rarely/never) and leave-in/leave-on conditioner (≥once/week, 1-3 times/month, and rarely/never) during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of adulthood usage of multiple hair products. SES was compared across latent classes. With a mean age of 33 ± 3.4 years, most women reported ever using chemical relaxers/straighteners (89%), and use ≥twice/year increased from childhood (9%) to adolescence (73%) but decreased in adulthood (29%). Leave-in/leave-on conditioner use followed the same pattern. Each of three identified latent classes reported frequent styling product use and infrequent relaxer/straightener use. Class One was unlikely to use any other products, Class Two moderately used shampoo and conditioner, and Class Three frequently used multiple product types (e.g., moisturizers and conditioners). Participants in the latter two classes reported higher SES. Ever/never characterization may miss important and distinctive patterns of hair product use, which may vary by SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Symielle A Gaston
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quaker Harmon
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kyla W Taylor
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Donna Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
- Intramural Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Joseph RP, Ainsworth BE, Vega-López S, Adams MA, Hollingshead K, Hooker SP, Todd M, Gaesser GA, Keller C. Rationale and design of Smart Walk: A randomized controlled pilot trial of a smartphone-delivered physical activity and cardiometabolic risk reduction intervention for African American women. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 77:46-60. [PMID: 30576840 PMCID: PMC6344046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American (AA) women perform low levels of physical activity (PA) and are disproportionally burdened by cardiometabolic disease conditions when compared to White women and the U.S. population as a whole. These disparities emphasize the need for innovative and effective interventions to increase PA and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk among AA women. Recent evidence suggests that mobile health (mHealth) interventions have the potential to increase PA and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Few studies have examined the efficacy of mHealth PA interventions among racial/ethnic minorities, including AA women. This represents a missed opportunity given the reported success of technology-delivered PA interventions in predominately White populations and the high use of technology among AA women. OBJECTIVE To describe the design, theoretical rationale, and cultural relevance of Smart Walk, a culturally sensitive smartphone-delivered PA intervention for AA women. DESIGN AND METHODS Smart Walk is an 8-month, randomized controlled pilot trial designed to increase PA and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk among AA women. Sixty physically inactive AA women with obesity will be assigned to receive either a culturally relevant intervention designed to increase PA (by targeting leisure-time, household chore/task-related, and occupational PA) or a culturally relevant wellness attention-matched control condition. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months, and include feasibility and acceptability of the PA intervention and evaluation of effects on PA and cardiometabolic risk factors. SUMMARY Smart Walk represents a culturally relevant, theory-based approach to promote PA and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk in AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney P Joseph
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Barbara E Ainsworth
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions and Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Marc A Adams
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Kevin Hollingshead
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Steven P Hooker
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Michael Todd
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Glenn A Gaesser
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Colleen Keller
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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