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Wendel ML, Golden TL, Nation M, Kelly Pryor BN. Editorial: Intervening in structural determinants: the role of language and narrative in enacting power to define issues and control resource distribution. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1381416. [PMID: 38835607 PMCID: PMC11148455 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1381416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Wendel
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Tasha L Golden
- Arts + Mind Lab, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maury Nation
- College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brandy N Kelly Pryor
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
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Minter W. Recontextualization and Imagination: The Public Health Professional and the U.S. Health Care System. HEALTH CARE ANALYSIS 2024:10.1007/s10728-024-00482-2. [PMID: 38767781 DOI: 10.1007/s10728-024-00482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Based on a qualitative study, this paper explores how United States public health professionals view and think about the existing U.S. healthcare system, while also allowing these study participants to imagine new ways of structuring and practicing public health. Using semi-structured qualitative interviews, I show how public health professionals engage with the concept of "the social" and their personal experiences with public health to question the status quo. By giving public health professionals space in which to imagine changes and different ways of practicing public health, I demonstrate the effectiveness of imagination as a capacity that public health professionals possess to take the lead in creating the changes they hope for.
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Sy M, Ritchie CS, Vranceanu AM, Bakhshaie J. Palliative Care Clinical Trials in Underrepresented Ethnic and Racial Minorities: A Narrative Review. J Palliat Med 2024; 27:688-698. [PMID: 38064535 PMCID: PMC11238825 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2023.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A growing number of patients with serious illness who would benefit from palliative care are part of ethnoracial minority groups. Nevertheless, large disparities in provision of palliative services exist for minoritized populations. Furthermore, there is a relative dearth of palliative care research focused on minority groups and how best to provide high-quality, culturally tailored palliative care. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the existing literature regarding palliative care clinical trials in underrepresented minority populations, describe methodological approaches, and provide guidance on future palliative care-focused clinical trials. Methods: We used the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) and Cochrane's guidelines on conducting reviews. We used PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov to review published, full-text articles or protocols (1950-2022), and limited to palliative care interventions focused on ethnoracial minority populations. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs), including pilot and feasibility trials, protocols of RCTs, and studies that report RCT methodology. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility. Results: Our search yielded 585 publications; of these, 30 met the full-text review criteria and 16 studies met our criteria for inclusion. We deemed nine articles as having low risk of bias and four as having high risk of bias. Discussion: Commonly used methodologic approaches for clinical trials in underrepresented minority populations included the following: the use of written and visual materials that were no higher than a sixth-grade reading level, the use of patient and lay health navigators, bilingual and multicultural study staff and study materials, race-concordant staff, the option of in-person and virtual visits that accommodated the patient and family's schedule, recruitment from faith communities, and the use of community-engaged research principles. Future palliative care clinical trials should expand on the strategies described in this article, adopt effective strategies currently used in nonpalliative care interventions, and innovate around the principles of community-engaged research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimouna Sy
- Center for Aging and Serious Illness, Department of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Seel Ritchie
- Center for Aging and Serious Illness, Department of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Vranceanu
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jafar Bakhshaie
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Schmeising-Barnes N, Waller J, Marlow LAV. Attitudes to multi-cancer early detection (MCED) blood tests for population-based screening: A qualitative study in Great Britain. Soc Sci Med 2024; 347:116762. [PMID: 38520825 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trials are underway to test the clinical utility of multi-cancer early detection (MCED) blood tests for screening asymptomatic individuals. We sought to understand the acceptability of MCED blood test screening and potential barriers and facilitators to participation among the general public. METHODS We conducted eleven semi-structured online focus groups with 50-77-year-olds (n = 53) in April-November 2022. Participants were purposefully sampled to include a mix of socio-economic and ethnic backgrounds as well as people who would not want 'a blood test for cancer'. Participants were shown information about MCED blood tests. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants showed enthusiasm for MCED screening. Perceived benefits included procedural familiarity and the potential to screen for many cancers. Enthusiasm was driven by beliefs that cancer is a real and increasing risk (both at population level and personally with age) and that early detection reduces treatment burden and cancer mortality. Some felt they would not want to know if they had cancer. The potential for MCED tests to raise anxiety was a concern, especially in a false-positive scenario. Participants wanted to avoid unpleasant and unnecessary procedures. The initial blood test was deemed "less invasive" than current screening tests, but potential follow-up procedures were a concern. Views on MCED screening were influenced by wider factors including dislike of uncertainty, desire for choice and control over one's health, and existing relationships with the NHS. CONCLUSION The introduction of MCED screening is likely to be appealing due to the simplicity and familiarity of the primary test procedure. Test accuracy needs to be high to facilitate acceptability and should be communicated from the outset. Some people would rather not know if they have cancer, and MCEDs will not appeal to all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninian Schmeising-Barnes
- Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Cancer Prevention Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Waller
- Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Cancer Prevention Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura A V Marlow
- Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Cancer Prevention Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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Rodriguez AK, Akram S, Colverson AJ, Hack G, Golden TL, Sonke J. Arts Engagement as a Health Behavior: An Opportunity to Address Mental Health Inequities. COMMUNITY HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH & POLICY 2024; 44:315-322. [PMID: 37196338 DOI: 10.1177/2752535x231175072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The significance of mental health inequities globally is illustrated by higher rates of anxiety and depression amongst racial and ethnic minority populations as well as individuals of lower socioeconomic status. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated these pre-existing mental health inequities. With rising mental health concerns, arts engagement offers an accessible, equitable opportunity to combat mental health inequities and impact upstream determinants of health. As the field of public health continues to shift its focus toward social ecological strategies, the social ecological model of health offers an approach that prioritizes social and structural determinants of health. To capture the impacts of arts engagement, this paper creates an applied social ecological model of health while aiming to advocate that engaging in the arts is a protective and rehabilitative behavior for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Rodriguez
- University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Seher Akram
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron J Colverson
- University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Musicology/Ethnomusicology Program, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - George Hack
- University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tasha L Golden
- University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill Sonke
- University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Brooks Carthon JM, Brom H, Grantham-Murrillo M, Sliwinski K, Mason A, Roeser M, Miles D, Garcia D, Bennett J, Harhay MO, Flores E, Amenyedor K, Clark R. Equity-Centered Postdischarge Support for Medicaid-Insured People: Protocol for a Type 1 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e54211. [PMID: 38530349 PMCID: PMC11005441 DOI: 10.2196/54211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities in posthospitalization outcomes for people with chronic medical conditions and insured by Medicaid are well documented, yet interventions that mitigate them are lacking. Prevailing transitional care interventions narrowly target people aged 65 years and older, with specific disease processes, or limitedly focus on individual-level behavioral change such as self-care or symptom management, thus failing to adequately provide a holistic approach to ensure an optimal posthospital care continuum. This study evaluates the implementation of THRIVE-an evidence-based, equity-focused clinical pathway that supports Medicaid-insured individuals with multiple chronic conditions transitioning from hospital to home by focusing on the social determinants of health and systemic and structural barriers in health care delivery. THRIVE services include coordinating care, standardizing interdisciplinary communication, and addressing unmet clinical and social needs following hospital discharge. OBJECTIVE The study's objectives are to (1) examine referral patterns, 30-day readmission, and emergency department use for participants who receive THRIVE support services compared to those receiving usual care and (2) evaluate the implementation of the THRIVE clinical pathway, including fidelity, feasibility, appropriateness, and acceptability. METHODS We will perform a sequential randomized rollout of THRIVE to case managers at the study hospital in 3 steps (4 in the first group, 4 in the second, and 5 in the third), and data collection will occur over 18 months. Inclusion criteria for THRIVE participation include (1) being Medicaid insured, dually enrolled in Medicaid and Medicare, or Medicaid eligible; (2) residing in Philadelphia; (3) having experienced a hospitalization at the study hospital for more than 24 hours with a planned discharge to home; (4) agreeing to home care at partner home care settings; and (5) being aged 18 years or older. Qualitative data will include interviews with clinicians involved in THRIVE, and quantitative data on health service use (ie, 30-day readmission, emergency department use, and primary and specialty care) will be derived from the electronic health record. RESULTS This project was funded in January 2023 and approved by the institutional review board on March 10, 2023. Data collection will occur from March 2023 to July 2024. Results are expected to be published in 2025. CONCLUSIONS The THRIVE clinical pathway aims to reduce disparities and improve postdischarge care transitions for Medicaid-insured patients through a system-level intervention that is acceptable for THRIVE participants, clinicians, and their teams in hospitals and home care settings. By using our equity-focused case management services and leveraging the power of the electronic medical record, THRIVE creates efficiencies by identifying high-need patients, improving communication across acute and community-based sectors, and driving evidence-based care coordination. This study will add important findings about how the infusion of equity-focused principles in the design and evaluation of evidence-based interventions contributes to both implementation and effectiveness outcomes. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/54211. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05714605; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05714605.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Brom
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Aleigha Mason
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mindi Roeser
- Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Donna Miles
- Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dianne Garcia
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jovan Bennett
- Penn Center for Community Health Workers, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Emilia Flores
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Clark
- Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Brown EA, Jones R. Discussing systemic racism and racial privilege at a large, academic health center using a modified privilege walk. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:327. [PMID: 38520020 PMCID: PMC10960397 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a motivation for organizations to understand race and racism from the perspective of minoritized individuals. Academic health centers (AHC) are ideal organizations to have these conversations as they educate healthcare providers, support research in health disparities, and care for diverse patients. METHODS We piloted and evaluated a virtual Modified Privilege Walk (MPW) with faculty, staff, and students at an AHC in July 2020 to promote difficult conversations about race/racism, social class, and privilege. Each MPW session was voluntary, held virtually over Zoom, and lasted one hour and thirty minutes. Before attending, participants answered questions based on their race/ethnicity and social class to calculate a "privilege score." After each session, attendees were asked to complete an evaluation survey. RESULTS There were five virtual MPWs with 132 attendees, and 74 participants completed an evaluation survey (56% response rate). Many respondents were students (n = 29, 39.2%). Most respondents either agreed (n = 36, 48.6%) or strongly agreed (n = 32, 43.2%) that the virtual MPW positively impacted how they will interact with those of a different race/ethnicity. Attendees requested having more virtual MPWs with leadership, incorporating virtual MPWs in various program curricula, and requiring new employees to participate. CONCLUSIONS American organizations, particularly AHCs, should provide safe spaces and support these discussions surrounding race and racism as many were founded, built, or operated during a time of free labor and segregation that exerted power and control over minoritized individuals. Authors provide recommendations to dismantle organizational racism and support minoritized employees, patients, and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Brown
- School of Community & Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA.
| | - Rosemarie Jones
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Walcott MM, Tieu HV, Tipre M, Nandi V, Davis A, Wu E, Wheatle M, Frye V, Figueroa JP. Factors associated with discussing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among Jamaican medical providers. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:188-196. [PMID: 37966358 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231201187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ministry of Health and Wellness of Jamaica has endorsed the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an HIV prevention strategy; however, PrEP was not included in the national HIV prevention program in 2021. METHODS A cross-sectional online study involving physicians in Jamaica was conducted in 2021 to describe PrEP awareness, beliefs, attitudes, and practices. The study also assessed individual and social factors associated with discussing PrEP with patients and willingness to prescribe PrEP. FINDINGS The mean age and standard deviation (SD) of the 69 physicians who completed the survey were 45.5 ± 13.6 years. Most of the participants (80%) reported that they were somewhat familiar with PrEP. PrEP attitude and perceived comfort in prescribing PrEP were moderate among participating physicians, with a mean and SD of 3.9 ± 0.8 and 3.6 ± 0.9 respectively. Six percent of physicians reported that they had prescribed PrEP and 17% had discussed PrEP with their patients in the past year. However, most (90%) reported that they were willing to prescribe PrEP after being informed about it. In the unadjusted model, identifying as Christian (compared to non-Christian) and reporting stronger homophobic beliefs were associated with reduced odds of discussing PrEP with patients. In the multivariable model, only homophobia remained statistically significant (OR, 0.24; 95% CI: 0.07-0.63). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that physicians in Jamacia may be willing to prescribe PrEP; however, homophobia is a barrier to discussions, underscoring the need for the Ministry of Health and Wellness to recognize the role that homophobia plays in the national HIV program to further reduce HIV incidence in Jamaica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melonie M Walcott
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hong-Van Tieu
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meghan Tipre
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vijay Nandi
- Laboratory of Data Analytics, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alissa Davis
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elwin Wu
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Victoria Frye
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
- Community Health and Social Medicine (CSOM), City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Peter Figueroa
- Department of Columbia, University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
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Golden TL, Sonke J, Rodriguez AK. An Evidence-Based Framework for the Use of Arts and Culture in Public Health. Health Promot Pract 2024:15248399241228831. [PMID: 38374701 DOI: 10.1177/15248399241228831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In recent years, increasing efforts have been made to apply arts- and culture-based strategies to public health concerns. Accumulating studies point to the value of these strategies for addressing social determinants of health in ways that center communities, cultures, and lived experiences. However, this work has lacked a common framework to support application and advancement. The objectives of this study were to examine knowledge, experience, and evidence related to the uses of arts and culture in public health in the United States and to develop a pilot version of an evidence-based framework to guide cross-sector development and research. METHODS Using a convergent mixed-methods design with sequential elements, this study drew upon findings from a national field survey, seven focus groups, eight structured working-group dialogues, and a five-day structured dialogue and writing process with 12 interdisciplinary thought leaders. Data were integrated to develop a pilot evidence-based framework. RESULTS The study identified six broad ways in which arts and culture can be used in public health and 59 specific outcomes that can be addressed through arts and cultural strategies. The framework identifies evidence supporting the effects of arts and culture on each outcome, along with mechanisms that may mediate or moderate these effects. CONCLUSION The pilot framework clearly links arts and culture practices with public health outcomes. In doing so, it provides both a resource for current practice and a model for the continued development of interdisciplinary tools that support health researchers and practitioners in utilizing arts and culture resources to advance community health and health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha L Golden
- Center for Arts in Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill Sonke
- Center for Arts in Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra K Rodriguez
- Center for Arts in Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Dougall I, Vasiljevic M, Wright JD, Weick M. How, when, and why is social class linked to mental health and wellbeing? A systematic meta-review. Soc Sci Med 2024; 343:116542. [PMID: 38290399 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Meta-reviews synthesising research on social class and mental health and wellbeing are currently limited and focused on specific facets of social class (e.g., social capital) or mental health and wellbeing (e.g., mental health disorders), and none sought to identify mechanisms in this relationship. OBJECTIVES The present meta-review sought to (1) assess the overall relationship between social class and mental health and wellbeing, (2) determine the mechanisms that act in this relationship, and (3) evaluate the strength of evidence available. METHODS The protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021214731). We systematically searched twelve databases in September 2022 and identified 149 eligible reviews from 38,257 records screened. Quality of evidence was assessed with the JBI levels of evidence and risk of bias with the ROBIS tool. RESULTS A large but low-quality evidence base points to class-based inequalities in mental health and wellbeing, with the strongest available evidence linking lower social positions to an increased risk of depression. In terms of different facets of stratification, the best available evidence suggests that deprivation (e.g., poverty), socioeconomic status, income, and subjective social status are consequential for individuals' mental health and wellbeing. However, high-quality evidence for the roles of education, occupation, other economic resources (e.g., wealth), and social capital is currently limited. Most reviews employed individual-level measures (e.g., income), as opposed to interpersonal- (e.g., social capital) or community-level (e.g., neighbourhood deprivation) measures. Considering mechanisms, we found some evidence for mediation via subjective social status, sense of control, and experiences of stress and trauma. There was also some evidence that higher socioeconomic status can provide a buffer for neighbourhood deprivation, lower social capital, and lower subjective social status. CONCLUSIONS Future research employing experimental or quasi-experimental methods, and systematic reviews with a low risk of bias, are necessary to advance this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isla Dougall
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Milica Vasiljevic
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jack D Wright
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Mario Weick
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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Korom B, Malloy M, Remmers C, Welsch E, Cevilla M, Alamillo-Roman Z, Torres D, Dione K, Nelson D. "It Takes a Village": Reflections from participants after a Hispanic community-based health promotion program. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:237. [PMID: 38245709 PMCID: PMC10799519 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) among Hispanic and other minority adolescents in the U.S. lag behind White, non-Hispanic adolescents. Previous studies have examined the beneficial impact of culturally informed, community-based health programs within the Hispanic community on PA levels. There is a need for longer term follow up to determine the impact on family and individual habits over time. Our study aims to explore the aspects of a two-year PA and nutrition program, Families Inspired Together 4 Youth Empowered to Succeed (FIT4YES), that continue to influence family health habits and child development. METHODS Community-based focus groups were held in Milwaukee, WI with Hispanic parent participants of the FIT4YES program three years after program conclusion. A semi-structured guide of open-ended questions was used to facilitate the discussion of the lasting impact of FIT4YES. Each group was audio recorded, transcribed, and translated from Spanish when necessary. Four student researchers utilized a grounded theory qualitative approach to identify overarching themes. RESULTS Three focus groups with 16 total parents (N = 16) spoke about the program. Three overarching themes emerged from the transcripts indicating that cultural exposure, relationships, and self-growth were necessary for families to sustain the healthy behaviors promoted in FIT4YES. Specifically, parents discussed increased comfort levels with their children participating in school sports, the impact of shared experiences with community members, and continued skills initially taught and practiced during active programming. CONCLUSIONS Our group adapted our previously published model to a "post-program" state that incorporated the major themes and sub-themes with levels of the social-ecological model. Although the FIT4YES program ended, multiple ideals instilled by the program continued, we believe, due to the common themes illustrated by our model. This study utilized a community check-in approach to gain insight into the long-term impacts of the FIT4YES program. We propose three recommendations for consideration in the creation of community-based health programs: utilize dynamic, culturally appropriate components based on the intended community; understand the strength of the program as a whole is dependent on the strength of each individual component; and incorporate an anchor institution for consistency and trust within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Korom
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- , Wauwatosa, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelly Dione
- University of WI - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Nelson
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Meehan DE, Grunseit A, Condie J, HaGani N, Merom D. Social-ecological factors influencing loneliness and social isolation in older people: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:726. [PMID: 37946155 PMCID: PMC10636946 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There are growing calls from researchers and policy makers to redefine loneliness and social isolation (SI) as public health issues, and to move towards a transdisciplinary, systems-based approach, due to their association with significant health risks, particularly in older people. Research about loneliness and SI in older people has typically adopted a narrow focus, evaluating effects of individual and inter-personal factors on these experiences. Less is known about the community and societal influences that may be used to inform public health interventions. We conducted a scoping review applying Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the social-ecological model framework in order to: i) identify the available evidence for the influence of the community and societal factors on loneliness and SI as experienced by older people; ii) examine how quantitative research about community- and societal-level factors of loneliness and SI in the older population is conducted; and iii) identify current knowledge gaps in relation to the use of the social-ecological model in this area. A total of 52 articles from 30 countries met the inclusion criteria, including 33 observational studies, primarily cross-sectional (88%), and 19 interventions, mostly (89%) pre-post evaluations. The majority of included articles measured loneliness only (n = 34, 65%), while 11 measured both loneliness and SI (21%). To measure these outcomes validated scales were frequently used. Eighteen community/societal factors were investigated in relation to loneliness and/or SI, most commonly neighbourhood safety, access to public third-places and cultural practices. Three societal-level interventions were found: two campaigns to reduce ageism and one which explored the impact of free public transport. Community-based interventions were either educational or enlisted volunteers to foster connections. There is a need for longitudinal studies to better understand the mechanisms through which community- and societal- level factors affect loneliness and SI, which in turn will guide interventions that utilise the social-ecological framework for these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Eleanor Meehan
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia.
| | - Anne Grunseit
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenna Condie
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Paramatta, Australia
| | - Neta HaGani
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Dafna Merom
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
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Percival V, Thoms OT, Oppenheim B, Rowlands D, Chisadza C, Fewer S, Yamey G, Alexander AC, Allaham CL, Causevic S, Daudelin F, Gloppen S, Guha-Sapir D, Hadaf M, Henderson S, Hoffman SJ, Langer A, Lebbos TJ, Leomil L, Lyytikäinen M, Malhotra A, Mkandawire P, Norris HA, Ottersen OP, Phillips J, Rawet S, Salikova A, Shekh Mohamed I, Zazai G, Halonen T, Kyobutungi C, Bhutta ZA, Friberg P. The Lancet Commission on peaceful societies through health equity and gender equality. Lancet 2023; 402:1661-1722. [PMID: 37689077 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Percival
- Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; The Wilson Center, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Oskar T Thoms
- Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Ben Oppenheim
- Ginkgo Bioworks, Boston, MA, USA; New York University Center on International Cooperation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dane Rowlands
- Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carolyn Chisadza
- Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sara Fewer
- Department of Global Public Health, Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Global Health Transformation (SIGHT), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gavin Yamey
- Center for Policy Impact in Global Health, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amy C Alexander
- Quality of Government Institute, Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chloe L Allaham
- Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Causevic
- Department of Global Public Health, Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Global Health Transformation (SIGHT), Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - François Daudelin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Siri Gloppen
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; LawTransform, CMI-UiB Centre on Law and Social Transformation, Bergen, Norway
| | - Debarati Guha-Sapir
- Institute of Health and Society, UC Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maseh Hadaf
- Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel Henderson
- Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ana Langer
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toni Joe Lebbos
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Luiz Leomil
- Department of Political Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anju Malhotra
- Center for Women's Health and Gender Equality, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Mkandawire
- Human Rights and Social Justice Program, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Holly A Norris
- Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ole Petter Ottersen
- Office of the President, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jason Phillips
- Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sigrún Rawet
- Department for Multilateral Development Banks, Sustainability and Climate, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Idil Shekh Mohamed
- Swedish Institute for Global Health Transformation (SIGHT), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ghazal Zazai
- Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; The Institute for Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; SickKids Centre for Global Child Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Friberg
- Swedish Institute for Global Health Transformation (SIGHT), Stockholm, Sweden; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Decker H, Wendel M. Applications of Participatory System Dynamics Methods to Public Health: A Systematic Review. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2023; 46:S6-S21. [PMID: 37696012 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
System dynamics, and specifically qualitative participatory applications of system dynamics, have potential to benefit public health research, scholarship, and practice. A systematic review was conducted to examine the existing applications of participatory system dynamics (PSD) to public health research. Three databases were searched using unique search terms related to PSD and methodological applications in public health research. A total of 57 unique articles met inclusion criteria and were included for review. The studies included for review were conducted globally and represent a wide breadth of public health issues. The review identified several advantages to adopting PSD methods in public health scholarship and practice. The PSD methods provide innovative frameworks for conceptualizing complex and nuanced public health problems. The participatory nature of PSD allows for increased community engagement and empowerment to address public health problems, as well as to mitigate existing power dynamics between research institutions and marginalized communities that are disproportionately impacted by social and health inequities. Finally, causal loop diagrams developed using PSD methods have unique potential to convey complex concepts to policy makers and interventionists. This systematic review reports evidence for PSD's potential to advance equity in public health research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Decker
- Health Equity Innovation Hub, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (Ms Decker); and Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, and Health Equity Innovation Hub, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Wendel)
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15
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Sunderland N, Stevens F, Knudsen K, Cooper R, Wobcke M. Trauma Aware and Anti-Oppressive Arts-Health and Community Arts Practice: Guiding Principles for Facilitating Healing, Health and Wellbeing. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2429-2447. [PMID: 35577560 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221097442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing call for arts-health and community arts professionals to work in 'trauma informed ways' to prevent re-traumatisation and promote healing. This paper reports on a scoping review of existing literature that deal with trauma aware and informed practice and its applications in arts-health and community arts. Trauma informed practice does not seek to target or treat trauma but, rather, seeks to provide a safer and more informed space for people who experience post-traumatic stress conditions and symptoms to engage in facilitated arts activities. We particularly examine the extent to which existing literature acknowledges the presence of oppression-related collective trauma - such as racial trauma - and offers appropriate creative, anti-oppressive and trauma aware practice approaches. A total of 19 articles were included following librarian input and team checking. Included articles were written in English, published in peer reviewed academic journals, included a creative arts component, and adopted an intentional trauma informed or aware approach to practice. An additional three sources were included as part of descriptive synthesis to foreground leading First Nations resources for practice. Although no specific guidelines for trauma aware practice in arts-health or community arts were found, findings are consolidated at the end of the paper to offer interim principles, values and activities for trauma aware and informed practice in arts-health and community arts. Findings can also inform general trauma related research and therapy by highlighting the growing role of arts and creativity in responding to diverse experiences of trauma and its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sunderland
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Australia
- Creative Arts Research Institute, Griffith University, Australia
- Indigenous Research Unit, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Fiona Stevens
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Kate Knudsen
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Rae Cooper
- Creative Arts Research Institute, Griffith University, Australia
- Indigenous Research Unit, Griffith University, Australia
- Queensland College of Art, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Marianne Wobcke
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Australia
- Creative Arts Research Institute, Griffith University, Australia
- Indigenous Research Unit, Griffith University, Australia
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16
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Rabin J, Castelin S, Strauss N, Philpotts LL, Park ER, Perez G. Smoking Behaviors Among Black and Hispanic Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:925-952. [PMID: 36318437 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. The risk of smoking poses an even greater threat for racial/ethnic minorities, particularly Black and Hispanic cancer patients who face a range of existing disparities in healthcare. Despite these risks for poor health outcomes among this population, little is known about the smoking behaviors of Black and Hispanic cancer patients. The purpose of this review was to understand differences in smoking prevalence, intensity, and cessation between Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White cancer patients and survivors. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach as our framework, we conducted a systematic review of the literature. Our review discusses the methods, population, and implications of 37 included articles. Conclusions reflect the need to establish intentional and systematic measurement of smoking behaviors to best understand the risks of smoking among Black and Hispanic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rabin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Edwards 1 Bldg, Suite 4130, 47 Corry Blvd, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Stephanie Castelin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Edwards 1 Bldg, Suite 4130, 47 Corry Blvd, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Lisa L Philpotts
- Treadwell Library, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elyse R Park
- Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giselle Perez
- Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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King WM, Jadwin-Cakmak L, Trammell R, Gamarel KE. Structural vulnerability as a conceptual framework for transgender health research: findings from a community needs assessment of transgender women of colour in Detroit. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2023; 25:681-697. [PMID: 35736653 PMCID: PMC9780405 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2022.2086709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The concept of structural vulnerability explains how systems of oppression drive health inequities by reducing access to survival resources (e.g. food, housing) for marginalised populations. Indicators of structural vulnerability such as housing instability, violent victimisation and poverty are often interconnected and result from intersectional oppression. We sought to demonstrate the utility of the structural vulnerability framework for transgender health research by examining patterns of structural vulnerability indicators among transgender women of colour in Detroit. We conducted latent class analysis and tested associations between classes and mental health and substance use outcomes. Membership to the Lowest Vulnerability class was negatively associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (aOR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02-0.59). High Economic Vulnerability membership was associated with daily marijuana use (aOR = 4.61, 95% CI: 1.31-16.16). Complex Multi-Vulnerability membership was associated with PTSD (aOR = 9.75, 95% CI: 2.55-37.29), anxiety (aOR = 4.12, 95% CI: 1.22-13.97), suicidality (aOR = 6.20, 95% CI: 1.39-27.70), and club drug use (aOR = 4.75, 95% CI: 1.31-17.29). Substantively different findings emerged when testing relationships between each indicator and each outcome, highlighting the value of theoretically grounded quantitative approaches to understanding health inequities. Community-driven interventions and policy changes that reduce structural vulnerability may improve mental health and substance use outcomes among structurally vulnerable trans women of colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M King
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura Jadwin-Cakmak
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Racquelle Trammell
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Trans Sistas of Colour Project, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kristi E Gamarel
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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18
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Sanford BS, Aliano JL, Omary CS, McDonnell SL, Kimball SM, Grant WB. Exposure to a Vitamin D Best Practices Toolkit, Model, and E-Tools Increases Knowledge, Confidence, and the Translation of Research to Public Health and Practice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112446. [PMID: 37299409 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventable vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a global health concern. The prevention, early detection, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency aligning with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration recommendations of 40-60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L), provided by an international panel of 48 vitamin D researchers, would result in significant health benefits and cost savings to individuals and society. However, research shows that healthcare professionals lack knowledge and confidence in best practices with respect to vitamin D. A vitamin D toolkit was developed that included a model for decision-making support, e-tools, and accompanying resources and was implemented using an online, asynchronous learning management system. This pre-test, post-test, and follow-up survey study design aimed to increase nurses' and dietitians' levels of knowledge and confidence regarding vitamin D, aid in their translation of evidence into spheres of practice and influence, and help them identify translation barriers. The completion of the toolkit increased the participants' (n = 119) knowledge from 31% to 65% (p < 0.001) and their confidence from 2.0 to 3.3 (p < 0.001) on a scale of 1-5. Respondents reported using the model (100%) as a framework to successfully guide the translation of vitamin D knowledge into their sphere of influence or practice (94%) and identifying translation barriers. The toolkit should be included in interdisciplinary continuing education, research/quality improvement initiatives, healthcare policy, and institutions of higher learning to increase the movement of research into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth S Sanford
- School of Nursing, Rasmussen University, 4012 19th Avenue South, Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Jennifer L Aliano
- GrassrootsHealth Nutrient Research Institute, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA
| | - Courtney S Omary
- School of Nursing, Rasmussen University, 4012 19th Avenue South, Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | | | | | - William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
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19
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Look MA, Maskarinec GG, de Silva M, Werner K, Mabellos T, Palakiko DM, Haumea SL, Gonsalves J, Seabury AA, Vegas JK, Solatorio C, Kaholokula JK. Developing culturally-responsive health promotion: insights from cultural experts. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad022. [PMID: 37067166 PMCID: PMC10108309 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Culturally-responsive health promotion initiatives are important to the creation of health equity for Indigenous and minority populations and these initiatives are complex and time-intensive to establish. The knowledge and resources of cultural experts are often pivotal in programs, yet there is minimal research on effective collaborations. The KāHOLO Project demonstrated strong success in the management of uncontrolled hypertension in the high-risk Indigenous population through a 6-month program based on the Hawaiian cultural dance of hula. This program was developed utilizing a community-based participatory research approach and implemented by cultural experts. To better understand the effectiveness of the research endeavor and program, six experienced hula experts and educators who delivered the community-based program were interviewed. As skilled and trusted cultural experts they set a safe supportive learning environment that promoted health and cultural goals. They articulated it was important that the program maintained cultural priorities and integrity. Through the methodical establishment of mutual respect, cooperation on research protocols and requirements was achieved. The development of cultural experts as health allies offers important inroads to the inclusion of minority and Indigenous cultures in health programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mele A Look
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health in Honolulu, University of Hawaiʻi, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Hālau Mōhala ʻIlima, Kāohao, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Kamuela Werner
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, University of Hawaiʻi, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tricia Mabellos
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, University of Hawaiʻi, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Donna-Marie Palakiko
- University of Hawaiʻi, School of Nursing, Ke Ola Mamo, Native Hawaiian Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Joseph Gonsalves
- Hui No ke Ola Pono, Native Hawaiian Health Care System, Waikuku, HI, USA
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20
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Carr B, Scofield E, Owens J, Donnelly G, Aboul-Enein BH. Sally Lucas Jean, R.N. (1878-1971): Her historical legacy and lessons for contemporary public health nursing education. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:183-190. [PMID: 36053216 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sally Lucas Jean, RN (1878-1971) pioneered health education in the United States and globally. At the time of her death in 1971, aged 93, her legacy included serving on boards of leading American health associations, spearheading public health projects worldwide and transforming thinking on contemporary public health education. Sally Lucas Jean's influence continues today, from her input on educational children's television programs, policies on child health and her involvement in developing the early foundations of health communication. In this historical reflection, we examine her role in defining health education and communication, alongside influencing and applying strategies to improve public health nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn Carr
- eCornell Online Certificate Public Health Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth Scofield
- Nursing Program, Tompkins Cortland Community College, Dryden, New York, USA
| | - Janine Owens
- Mental Health Theme, NIHR Applied Research Collaborative Greater Manchester (NIHR ARC GM), Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gloria Donnelly
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Basil H Aboul-Enein
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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21
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Kelly C, Dansereau L, Sebring J, Aubrecht K, FitzGerald M, Lee Y, Williams A, Hamilton-Hinch B. Intersectionality, health equity, and EDI: What's the difference for health researchers? Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:182. [PMID: 36536361 PMCID: PMC9764702 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many countries adopted comprehensive national initiatives to promote equity in higher education with the goal of transforming the culture of research. Major health research funders are supporting this work through calls for projects that focus on equity, resulting in a proliferation of theoretical frameworks including "intersectionality," "health equity," and variations of equity, diversity and inclusion, or EDI. This commentary is geared at individual principal investigators and health research teams who are developing research proposals and want to consider equity issues in their research, perhaps for the first time. We present histories and definitions of three commonly used frameworks: intersectionality, health equity, and EDI. In the context of health research, intersectionality is a methodology (a combination of epistemology and techniques) that can identify the relationships among individual identities and systems of oppression; however, it should also be used internally by research teams to reflect on the production of knowledge. Health equity is a societal goal that operationalizes the social determinants of health to document and address health disparities at the population level. EDI initiatives measure and track progress within organizations or teams and are best suited to inform the infrastructure and human resourcing "behind the scenes" of a project. We encourage researchers to consider these definitions and strive to tangibly move health research towards equity both in the topics we study and in the ways we do research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kelly
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Lisette Dansereau
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Jennifer Sebring
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Katie Aubrecht
- grid.264060.60000 0004 1936 7363Department of Sociology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Maggie FitzGerald
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XDepartment of Political Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Yeonjung Lee
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada ,grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Allison Williams
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Barbara Hamilton-Hinch
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
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Parkinson R, Jessiman-Perreault G, Frenette N, Allen Scott LK. Exploring Multilevel Workplace Tobacco Control Interventions: A Scoping Review. Workplace Health Saf 2022; 70:368-382. [PMID: 35506219 DOI: 10.1177/21650799221081265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The workplace provides a unique opportunity to intervene on tobacco use, by implementing multilevel interventions engaging diverse employees. Using the social ecological model (SEM), this scoping review aimed to synthesize descriptions of multilevel workplace tobacco control programs to create a health equity informed framework for intervention planning. METHODS Multiple databases were searched for articles published from January 2010 to December 2020 meeting inclusion criteria (i.e., discussed multilevel tobacco cessation interventions that intervene, target, or incorporate two or more levels of influence, and one of the levels must be the workplace). Articles were screened by two independent researchers and included if they discussed multilevel tobacco cessation interventions that intervened, targeted, or incorporated two or more levels of influence. To integrate the extracted information into the SEM, we utilized the McLeroy et al. model and definitions to describe potential multilevel interventions and their determinants. RESULTS Nine articles were included in this review. No studies intervened across all five levels (individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and policy), and the most common levels of intervention were individual (e.g., individual counseling), interpersonal (e.g., group therapy), and institutional (e.g., interventions during work hours). Participation rates varied by key social determinants of health (SDOHs) such as age, gender, education and income. Barriers including cost and sustainability influenced successful implementation, while leadership endorsement and accessibility facilitated successful implementation. DISCUSSION/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE Multilevel interventions targeting at least two SEM levels may reduce persistent health inequities if they address how SDOHs influence individual health behaviors. Employee characteristics impacted the success of tobacco cessation interventions, but more research is needed to understand the barriers and facilitators related to workplace characteristics.
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23
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Golden TL. Innovating Health Research Methods, Part II: Arts-Based Methods Improve Research Data, Trauma-Responsiveness, and Reciprocity. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2022; 45:150-159. [PMID: 35639790 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating US studies indicate gender inequities in youth violence research and responses. Improving youth health thus requires greater understanding of how girls and young women perceive and experience violence, and gathering such data demands research methods that are trauma-informed and assets-based. This mixed-methods study addresses these dual needs. To support gender equity in youth violence research, it incorporated 4 violence surveys and 3 arts-based methods to examine girls' and young women's experiences and perceptions of violence. Then, to advance trauma-informed, assets-based research, it used study findings to generate an assessment of all methods employed. Results are presented in a 2-part article, with Part I (published separately) conveying findings about the population's experiences, needs, and assets related to violence and safety. Part II (here) details the development of the arts-based methods, assesses them alongside the surveys, and compares the effectiveness of all methods. Despite overlap across methods, the arts-based strategies offered critical knowledge that was missed by surveys, including actionable data about the population's priorities, experiences, and recommendations. The arts-based methods were also trauma-informed and offered reciprocity via assets-based, community-centered programs and platforms. This study provides justification and a template for further integration of creative practices into research, and for continued innovation to advance access, data quality, and health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha L Golden
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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24
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Golden TL. Innovating Health Research Methods, Part I: A Mixed-Methods Study of Experiences and Perceptions of Violence Among Girls and Young Women. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2022; 45:137-149. [PMID: 35639789 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating US studies indicate gender inequities in youth violence research and responses. Improving youth health thus requires greater understanding of how girls and young women perceive and experience violence, and gathering such data demands research methods that are trauma-informed and assets-based. This mixed-methods study addresses these dual needs. To support gender equity in youth violence research, it incorporated 4 violence surveys and 3 arts-based methods to examine girls' and young women's experiences and perceptions of violence. Then, to advance trauma-informed, assets-based research, it used study findings to generate an assessment of all methods employed. Results are presented in a 2-part article, with Part II (published separately) detailing the arts-based strategies and assessing all methods. Part I (below) conveys findings from all data sources regarding population experiences, needs, and assets related to violence and safety. Girls and young women reported extensive experiences with violence, and mental health was a prominent challenge, likely exacerbated by persisting threats. Participants' priorities included domestic and intimate partner violence, social isolation, and the necessity of action and change. This study confirms the value of mixed-methods, gender-responsive youth violence research, and of providing processes by which youth can share their stories on and in their own terms. It also provides a template for further use of creative practices to improve data; apply trauma-informed, assets-based strategies; and advance health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha L Golden
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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The State of Music-Based Interventions for Mental Illness: Thought Leaders on Barriers, Opportunities, and the Value of Interdisciplinarity. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:487-498. [PMID: 34105041 PMCID: PMC8186512 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of studies regarding music's effects on mental health have accumulated across multiple disciplines; however, access to and application of music as a support for mental health remains limited, due in part to the multidisciplinary nature of related research and difficulties synthesizing findings. This qualitative study is the first to address these barriers by gathering current thought leaders and stakeholders at intersections of music and mental health, representing multiple disciplines and backgrounds, to (1) document understandings of and recommendations for the field, and (2) examine how views converge or conflict. Participants (n = 36) viewed preliminary results of a global scoping review, then engaged in focus groups which were transcribed and de-identified for analysis. An interdisciplinary research team coded and iteratively analyzed transcripts. Six themes emerged: Barriers to Quality/Improved Research, Disciplinary Differences, Research Recommendations, Implementation and Access, Public Perception and Education, and Need for Training. Discussions offered wide-ranging observations and recommendations while revealing challenges and opportunities related to interdisciplinary work. Findings indicate broad agreement regarding current barriers and opportunities at intersections of music and mental health. While highlighting challenges, participants also indicated multiple avenues for advancing research quality, intervention effectiveness, and equitable access to music as a support for mental health. Responding to the study's illumination of the benefits and challenges of interdisciplinary work, four brief recommendations are offered to support future efforts.
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26
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Woods A. Applying the principles of health promotion in nursing practice. Nurs Stand 2022; 37:40-45. [PMID: 35187909 DOI: 10.7748/ns.2022.e11774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Health promotion is a relatively new concept that is grounded in the definition of health proposed in 1946 by the World Health Organization. The thinking behind health promotion departs from the biomedical model of health and considers how biological, psychological and social factors interact to affect the health and health outcomes of individuals, communities and population groups. An accurate and in-depth understanding of what health means to people and how health is experienced enables healthcare professionals, planners and policymakers to develop and deliver health promotion interventions that prevent suboptimal health and address health inequalities. This article describes the concepts, frameworks and models that underpin health promotion and discusses the different types of health promotion interventions that can be applied in nursing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Woods
- School of Health and Human Sciences, University of Bolton, Bolton, England
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Golden TL, Magsamen S, Sandu CC, Lin S, Roebuck GM, Shi KM, Barrett FS. Effects of Setting on Psychedelic Experiences, Therapies, and Outcomes: A Rapid Scoping Review of the Literature. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 56:35-70. [PMID: 35138585 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The health and well-being impacts of art and aesthetic experiences have been rigorously studied by a range of disciplines, including cognitive neuroscience, psychiatry, public health, and translational clinical research. These experiences, encompassed in the concepts of set and setting, have long been claimed to be pivotal in determining the acute and enduring effects of psychedelic experiences. Responding to the field's longstanding emphasis on the role and value of setting, a rapid scoping review was undertaken to identify the extent to which effects of setting and aesthetics on psychedelic experiences and therapies have been explicitly studied. It offers an analysis of the strengths and limitations of the extant literature and discusses evidentiary gaps as well as evidentiary opportunities for the field. The 43 included studies indicate apparent consensus regarding the importance of setting in psychedelic therapies, as well as consistent interest in theorizing about these effects. However, this consensus has yet to generate consistent, prospective, rigorous tests of setting and its complexities. As a result, the field continues to lack understanding or agreement regarding the effects of various specific elements of setting, the mechanisms by which they affect outcomes, for whom these effects occur, under what circumstances, given what conditions, and other critical factors. Further studies of setting and aesthetics in the context of psychedelic therapies are likely to not only improve these therapies and their delivery, but also inform considerations of setting and aesthetics for non-psychedelic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha L Golden
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Center for Applied Neuroaesthetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Susan Magsamen
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Center for Applied Neuroaesthetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clara C Sandu
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Center for Applied Neuroaesthetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuyang Lin
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Center for Applied Neuroaesthetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Grace Marie Roebuck
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Center for Applied Neuroaesthetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathy M Shi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frederick S Barrett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Xu RH, Zhou LM, Wong ELY, Wang D. Investigating Medical Student's Preferences for Internet-Based Healthcare Services: A Best-Worst Scaling Survey. Front Public Health 2021; 9:757310. [PMID: 34938703 PMCID: PMC8685198 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.757310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the importance of providing Internet-based healthcare services based on the preference of a sample of medical students in China. Methods: An online best-worst scaling (BWS) survey with Case 1 design was conducted. Balanced independent block design generated 12 choice task profiles for each participant to answer. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the respondents' characteristics; Multinomial and mixed logit regression methods were used to investigate the importance of Internet-based services based on respondents' preferences. Results: A total of 1,296 students completed the online survey and rated "Clinical Service," "Decision Aids," and "Public health" as the three most important services that should be provided through an Internet-based healthcare system. Providing "Medical Education" via the Internet was chosen as the least important service by the respondents. Subgroup analysis indicated that students studying clinical medicine and non-clinical medicine considered providing "Medical Education" and "Public Health," respectively, as more important services than others. Conclusions: This BWS study demonstrated that providing "Clinical Service," "Decision Aids," and "Public Health" through the Internet are the three most important services based on medical students' preferences in China. Further research is needed to investigate how to improve medical students' skills in using internet-based healthcare services in medical education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Huan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling-ming Zhou
- School of Health Management Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eliza Lai-yi Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Health Management Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Health Management Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Jones R, Hirschey R, Campbell G, Cooley ME, Lally R, Somayaji D, Rueter EK, Gullatte MM. Update to 2019-2022 ONS Research Agenda: Rapid Review to Address Structural Racism and Health Inequities. Oncol Nurs Forum 2021; 48:589-600. [PMID: 34673760 PMCID: PMC8674842 DOI: 10.1188/21.onf.589-600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) formed a team to develop a necessary expansion of the 2019-2022 ONS Research Agenda, with a focus on racism and cancer care disparities. METHODS A multimethod consensus-building approach was used to develop and refine the research priorities. A panel of oncology nurse scientists and equity scholars with expertise in health disparities conducted a rapid review of the literature, consulted with experts and oncology nurses, and reviewed priorities from funding agencies. RESULTS Critical gaps in the literature were identified and used to develop priority areas for oncology nursing research, practice, and workforce development. SYNTHESIS This is the first article in a two-part series that discusses structural racism and health inequities within oncology nursing. In this article, three priority areas for oncology nursing research are presented; in the second article, strategies to improve cancer disparities and equity and diversity in the oncology workforce are described. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Research priorities are presented to inform future research that will provide methods and tools to increase health equity and reduce structural racism in oncology nursing practice, research, education, policy, and advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Jones
- Professor University of Virginia School of Nursing, Assistant Director of Community Outreach and Engagement UVA Emily Couric Cancer Center
| | - Rachel Hirschey
- Assistant Professor, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, Associate Member, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Grace Campbell
- Assistant Professor, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing
| | - Mary E. Cooley
- Lecturer, Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Nurse Scientist, Nursing and Patient Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Robin Lally
- Interim Associate Dean for Research, Professor, University of Nebraska College of Nursing, Member Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center
| | - Darryl Somayaji
- Assistant Professor, University at Buffalo, School of Nursing, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Mary Magee Gullatte
- Corporate Director Nursing Evidence Based Practice and Research, Emory Healthcare and Adjunct Faculty Emory Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing
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Abstract
While there are many definitions of citizen science, the term usually refers to the participation of the general public in the scientific process in collaboration with professional scientists. Citizen scientists have been engaged to promote health equity, especially in the areas of environmental contaminant exposures, physical activity, and healthy eating. Citizen scientists commonly come from communities experiencing health inequities and have collected data using a range of strategies and technologies, such as air sensors, water quality kits, and mobile applications. On the basis of our review, and to advance the field of citizen science to address health equity, we recommend (a) expanding the focus on topics important for health equity, (b) increasing the diversity of people serving as citizen scientists, (c) increasing the integration of citizen scientists in additional research phases, (d) continuing to leverage emerging technologies that enable citizen scientists to collect data relevant for health equity, and (e) strengthening the rigor of methods to evaluate impacts on health equity. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 43 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Rosas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health and Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Patricia Rodriguez Espinosa
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health and Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
| | | | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health and Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
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Jessiman-Perreault G, Smith PM, Gignac MAM. Why Are Workplace Social Support Programs Not Improving the Mental Health of Canadian Correctional Officers? An Examination of the Theoretical Concepts Underpinning Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052665. [PMID: 33800869 PMCID: PMC7967375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Canada, public safety personnel, including correctional officers, experience high rates of mental health problems. Correctional officers' occupational stress has been characterized as insidious and chronic due to multiple and unpredictable occupational risk factors such as violence, unsupportive colleagues and management, poor prison conditions, and shift work. Given the increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes associated with operational stressors, organizational programs have been developed to provide correctional officers with support to promote mental well-being and to provide mental health interventions that incorporate recovery and reduction in relapse risk. This paper uses two theories, the Job Demand Control Support (JDCS) Model and Social Ecological Model (SEM), to explore why workplace social support programs may not been successful in terms of uptake or effectiveness among correctional officers in Canada. We suggest that structural policy changes implemented in the past 15 years have had unintentional impacts on working conditions that increase correctional officer workload and decrease tangible resources to deal with an increasingly complex prison population. Notably, we believe interpersonal support programs may only have limited success if implemented without addressing the multilevel factors creating conditions of job strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Jessiman-Perreault
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; (P.M.S.); (M.A.M.G.)
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1S5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-667-7676
| | - Peter M. Smith
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; (P.M.S.); (M.A.M.G.)
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1S5, Canada
| | - Monique A. M. Gignac
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; (P.M.S.); (M.A.M.G.)
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1S5, Canada
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Structure of communities in semantic networks of biomedical research on disparities in health and sexism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 40:702-721. [PMID: 33275349 PMCID: PMC7808772 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introducción. Como una iniciativa para mejorar la calidad de la atención sanitaria, en la investigación biomédica se ha incrementado la tendencia centrada en el estudio de las disparidades en salud y sexismo. Objetivo. Caracterizar la evidencia científica sobre la disparidad en salud definida como la brecha existente entre la distribución de la salud y el posible sesgo por sexo en el acceso a los servicios médicos. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una búsqueda simultánea de la literatura científica en la base de datos Medline PubMed de dos descriptores fundamentales: Healthcare disparities y Sexism. Posteriormente, se construyó una red semántica principal y se determinaron algunas subunidades estructurales (comunidades) para el análisis de los patrones de organización de la información. Se utilizó el programa de código abierto Cytoscape para el analisis y la visualización de las redes y el MapEquation, para la detección de comunidades. Asimismo, se desarrolló código ex profeso disponible en un repositorio de acceso público. Resultados. El corpus de la red principal mostró que los términos sobre las enfermedades del corazón fueron los descriptores de condiciones médicas más concurrentes. A partir de las subunidades estructurales, se determinaron los patrones de información relacionada con las políticas públicas, los servicios de salud, los factores sociales determinantes y los factores de riesgo, pero con cierta tendencia a mantenerse indirectamente conectados con los nodos relacionados con condiciones médicas. Conclusiones. La evidencia científica indica que la disparidad por sexo sí importa para la calidad de la atención de muchas enfermedades, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con el sistema circulatorio. Sin embargo, aún se percibe un distanciamiento entre los factores médicos y los sociales que dan lugar a las posibles disparidades por sexo.
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Bannister-Tyrrell M, Meiqari L. Qualitative research in epidemiology: theoretical and methodological perspectives. Ann Epidemiol 2020; 49:27-35. [PMID: 32711056 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, modern epidemiology has adopted complex causal frameworks incorporating individual- and population-level determinants of health. Despite the growing use of qualitative methodologies in public health research generally, discussion of causal reasoning in epidemiology rarely considers evidence derived from qualitative research. This article argues for a coherent role of qualitative research within epidemiology through analysis of the principles of causal reasoning that underlie current debates about causal inference in epidemiology. It introduces two approaches to causal inference by Russo and Williamson (2009) and Reiss (2012) that emphasize the relevance of both the nature of causation and how knowledge is gained about causation in assessing evidence for a causal relation. Both theories have scope for incorporating multiple types of evidence to assess causal claims. We argue that these theories align with the empirical focus of epidemiology and allow for different types of evidence to evaluate causal claims, including evidence originating from qualitative research; such evidence can contribute to a mechanistic understanding of causal relations and to understanding the effects of context on health-related outcomes. Finally, we discuss this approach in light of previous literature on the role of qualitative research in epidemiology and implications for future epidemiologic research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lana Meiqari
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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