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Conte D, Mesa D, Krul D, Bail L, Ito CAS, Palmeiro JK, Dalla-Costa LM. Comparative genomics of IncQ1 plasmids carrying bla GES variants from clinical and environmental sources in Brazil. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105644. [PMID: 39038632 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
IncQ-type plasmids have become important vectors in the dissemination of blaGES among different bacterial genera and species from different environments around the world, and studies estimating the occurrence of Guiana extended-spectrum (GES)-type β-lactamases are gaining prominence. We analyzed the genetic aspects of two IncQ1 plasmids harboring different blaGES variants from human and environmental sources. The blaGES variants were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Aeromonas veronii isolated from hospital effluent and Klebsiella variicola isolated from a rectal swab of a patient admitted to the cardiovascular intensive care unit in a different hospital. Antimicrobial-susceptibility testing and transformation experiments were performed for phenotypic analysis. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore platforms. The comparative analysis of plasmids was performed using BLASTn, and the IncQ1 plasmids showed a high identity and similar size. A. veronii harbored blaGES-7 in a class 1 integron (In2061), recently described by our group, and K. variicola carried blaGES-5 in the known class 1 integron. Both integrons showed a fused gene cassette that encodes resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, with an IS6100 truncating the 3'-conserved segment. The fused genes are transcribed together, although the attC site is disrupted. These gene cassettes can no longer be mobilized. This study revealed a mobilome that may contribute to the dissemination of GES-type β-lactamases in Brazil. Class 1 integrons are hot spots for bacterial evolution, and their insertion into small IncQ-like plasmids displayed successful recombination, allowing the spread of blaGES variants in various environments. Therefore, they can become prevalent across clinically relevant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danieli Conte
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Dany Mesa
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Damaris Krul
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bail
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Jussara Kasuko Palmeiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Libera Maria Dalla-Costa
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Dos Santos LA, Cayô R, Valiatti TB, Gales AC, de Araújo LFB, Rodrigues FM, de Carvalho TS, Vaz MAB, Campanharo M. Biodiversity of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in clinical samples from the Southwest Amazon region (Rondônia/Brazil). Sci Rep 2024; 14:9383. [PMID: 38654061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Brazil is recognized for its biodiversity and the genetic variability of its organisms. This genetic variability becomes even more valuable when it is properly documented and accessible. Understanding bacterial diversity through molecular characterization is necessary as it can improve patient treatment, reduce the length of hospital stays and the selection of resistant bacteria, and generate data for health and epidemiological surveillance. In this sense, in this study, we aimed to understand the biodiversity and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in clinical samples recovered in the state of Rondônia, located in the Southwest Amazon region. Retrospective data from the Central Public Health Laboratories (LACEN/RO) between 2018 and 2021 were analysed using the Laboratory Environment Manager Platform (GAL). Seventy-two species with carbapenem resistance profiles were identified, of which 25 species carried at least one gene encoding carbapenemases of classes A (blaKPC-like), B (blaNDM-like, blaSPM-like or blaVIM-like) and D (blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24-like, blaOXA-48-like, blaOXA-58-like or blaOXA-143-like), among which we will highlight Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens, and Providencia spp. With these results, we hope to contribute to the field by providing epidemiological molecular data for state surveillance on bacterial resistance and assisting in public policy decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levy Assis Dos Santos
- Federal University of Rondônia Foundation (UNIR), Postgraduate Program in Conservation and Use of Natural Resources (PPGReN), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Rondônia (LACEN/RO), Medical Biology Center, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Cayô
- Laboratory ALERTA, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Immunology (LIB), Department of Biological Sciences (DCB), Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (ICAQF), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Barcelos Valiatti
- Laboratory ALERTA, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gales
- Laboratory ALERTA, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fatarelli Bento de Araújo
- Federal University of Rondônia Foundation (UNIR), Postgraduate Program in Conservation and Use of Natural Resources (PPGReN), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Fernando Marques Rodrigues
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Rondônia (LACEN/RO), Medical Biology Center, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Silva de Carvalho
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Rondônia (LACEN/RO), Medical Biology Center, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Marcos André Braz Vaz
- Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcela Campanharo
- Federal University of Rondônia Foundation (UNIR), Postgraduate Program in Conservation and Use of Natural Resources (PPGReN), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences (DCAB), Federal University of Espirito Santo, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
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Comelli A, Zanforlini M, Mazzone A, Pedroni P, De Castro U, Scarioni S, D’Amelio AC, Renisi G, Bandera A, Gori A, Schiatti S, Cereda D. How a laboratory-based antimicrobial resistance (AMR) regional surveillance system can address large-scale and local AMR epidemiology: the MICRO-BIO experience. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1341482. [PMID: 38410663 PMCID: PMC10895007 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1341482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a significant threat to public health, with Italy experiencing substantial challenges in terms of AMR rate, surveillance system and activities to combat AMR. In response, the MICRO-BIO project was initiated as part of the National Plan to Combat Antibiotic Resistance by Region Lombardy health department. It was launched in 2018 with the aim of creating a surveillance tool by integrating data on bacterial isolates from microbiology laboratories. The participating laboratories were directly involved in reviewing and addressing discrepancies in the transmission data quality assessment. Despite the disruptions caused by COVID-19, 30 out of 33 laboratories in the Lombardy Region were successfully integrated by October 2023, with 1,201,000 microbiological data collected in the first nine months of 2023. In 2022 the analysis yielded 15,037 blood culture results from 20 labs passing validation. Data regarding the antimicrobial resistance profile of high-priority pathogens was analyzed at regional and single-hospital levels. The MICRO-BIO project represents a significant step toward strengthening AMR surveillance in a highly populated region. As a multi-disciplinary tool encompassing the fields of public health and IT (information technology), this tool has the potential to inform regional and local AMR epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Comelli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- External Consultant, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Zanforlini
- Regional Company for Innovation and Purchasing Aria S.p.A., Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Mazzone
- Regional Company for Innovation and Purchasing Aria S.p.A., Milan, Italy
| | | | - Umberto De Castro
- Regional Company for Innovation and Purchasing Aria S.p.A., Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Scarioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, School of Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Renisi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, School of Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, School of Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Schiatti
- Regional Company for Innovation and Purchasing Aria S.p.A., Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Cereda
- General Directorate for Health, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
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Ture Z, Güner R, Alp E. Antimicrobial stewardship in the intensive care unit. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2023; 3:244-253. [PMID: 37533805 PMCID: PMC10391567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
High resistance rates to antimicrobials continue to be a global health threat. The incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms in intensive care units (ICUs) is quite high compared to in the community and other units in the hospital because ICU patients are generally older, have higher numbers of co-morbidities and immune-suppressed; moreover, the typically high rates of invasive procedures performed in the ICU increase the risk of infection by MDR microorganisms. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) refers to the implementation of coordinated interventions to improve and track the appropriate use of antibiotics while offering the best possible antibiotic prescription (according to dose, duration, and route of administration). Broad-spectrum antibiotics are frequently preferred in ICUs because of greater infection severity and colonization and infection by MDR microorganisms. For this reason, a number of studies on AMS in ICUs have increased in recent years. Reducing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics forms the basis of AMS. For this purpose, parameters such as establishing an AMS team, limiting the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, terminating treatments early, using early warning systems, pursuing infection control, and providing education and feedback are used. In this review, current AMS practices in ICUs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ture
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039,Turkey
| | - Rahmet Güner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Emine Alp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Rocha NC, Lopes JM, Russi KL, Palmeiro JK, Girardello R. Low performance of Policimbac® broth microdilution in determining polymyxin B MIC for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1139784. [PMID: 37325517 PMCID: PMC10266097 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1139784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a global threat to healthcare, and despite the availability of new drugs, polymyxins are still an important therapeutic option for this and other resistant gram-negative pathogens. Broth microdilution is the only method that is recommended for polymyxins. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of a commercial Policimbac® plate in determining the polymyxin B MIC for K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. The results were compared with those of the broth microdilution method according to ISO 16782. The Policimbac® plate had an excellent 98.04% categorical agreement, but unacceptable 31.37% essential agreement rates. Almost 2% of major errors as observed. Additionally, 52.94% of the strains overestimated the MIC at 1 µg/mL. Three isolates were excluded from the analysis due to the drying of the Policimbac® plate. To avoid dryness, we included wet gauze for the test, obtaining a 100% of categorical agreement rate; however, a low essential agreement was maintained (25.49%). In conclusion, the Policimbac® plate was unable to correctly determine the polymyxin B MIC for K. pneumoniae isolates. This low performance may interfere with the clinical use of the drug and, thus, with the result of the patient's treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Conceição Rocha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular e Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Jessica Mariana Lopes
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitário São Francisco na Providência de Deus, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Karolayne Larissa Russi
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular e Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Jussara Kasuko Palmeiro
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular Aplicada (MiMA), Departamento de Análises Clínicas (ACL), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Raquel Girardello
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular e Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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Aguiar JN, de Carvalho IPSF, Domingues RAS, Souto Maior MDCL, Luiza VL, Barreto JOM, Tavares NUL. [The evolution of Brazilian human health policies for the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance: a scoping reviewEvolución de las políticas de prevención y control de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos desde la perspectiva de la salud humana en Brasil: revisión exploratoria]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e77. [PMID: 37223329 PMCID: PMC10202340 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To map the policies related to the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance from a human health perspective in Brazil and systematize the historical course of these policies. Method A scoping review was performed following Joana Briggs Institute and PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed in December 2020 in the LILACS, PubMed and EMBASE databases. The terms "antimicrobial resistance" AND "Brazil" as well as their synonyms were used. Using the same keywords, Brazilian government websites were searched for documents published until December 2021. Studies of all designs were included, with no language or date restrictions. Clinical documents, reviews and epidemiological studies that did not focus on antimicrobial resistance management policies in Brazil were excluded. Categories based on World Health Organization documents were used for data systematization and analysis. Results In Brazil, policies related to antimicrobial resistance such as the National Immunization Program and hospital infection control programs can be traced back to before the creation of the Unified Health System. In the late 1990s and 2000s, the first specific policies on antimicrobial resistance (surveillance networks and programs) and education strategies were established; especially noteworthy is The National Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Single Health Scope (PAN-BR) of 2018. Conclusions Despite the long history of policies related to antimicrobial resistance in Brazil, gaps were identified, particularly in monitoring the use of antimicrobials and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. The PAN-BR, the first government document prepared from a One Health perspective, represents an important milestone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joslaine Nunes Aguiar
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB)Faculdade de SaúdePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde ColetivaBrasília (DF)BrasilUniversidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Brasília (DF), Brasil.
| | | | - Raissa Allan Santos Domingues
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB)Faculdade de MedicinaPrograma de Pós-graduação em Medicina TropicalBrasília (DF)BrasilUniversidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Brasília (DF), Brasil.
| | | | - Vera Lucia Luiza
- Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de Janeiro (RJ)BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
| | | | - Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB)Faculdade de SaúdePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde ColetivaBrasília (DF)BrasilUniversidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Brasília (DF), Brasil.
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Ordine JVW, de Souza GM, Tamasco G, Virgilio S, Fernandes AFT, Silva-Rocha R, Guazzaroni ME. Metagenomic Insights for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Soils with Different Land Uses in Brazil. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020334. [PMID: 36830245 PMCID: PMC9952835 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Land-use conversion changes soil properties and their microbial communities, which, combined with the overuse of antibiotics in human and animal health, promotes the expansion of the soil resistome. In this context, we aimed to profile the resistome and the microbiota of soils under different land practices. We collected eight soil samples from different locations in the countryside of São Paulo (Brazil), assessed the community profiles based on 16S rRNA sequencing, and analyzed the soil metagenomes based on shotgun sequencing. We found differences in the communities' structures and their dynamics that were correlated with land practices, such as the dominance of Staphylococcus and Bacillus genera in agriculture fields. Additionally, we surveyed the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) across studied soils, observing a higher presence and homogeneity of the vanRO gene in livestock soils. Moreover, three β-lactamases were identified in orchard and urban square soils. Together, our findings reinforce the importance and urgency of AMR surveillance in the environment, especially in soils undergoing deep land-use transformations, providing an initial exploration under the One Health approach of environmental levels of resistance and profiling soil communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Wagner Ordine
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Messias de Souza
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tamasco
- ByMyCell Inova Simples. Avenue Dra. Nadir Águiar, 1805-Supera Parque, Ribeirão Preto 14056-680, SP, Brazil
| | - Stela Virgilio
- ByMyCell Inova Simples. Avenue Dra. Nadir Águiar, 1805-Supera Parque, Ribeirão Preto 14056-680, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Tonelli Fernandes
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva-Rocha
- ByMyCell Inova Simples. Avenue Dra. Nadir Águiar, 1805-Supera Parque, Ribeirão Preto 14056-680, SP, Brazil
| | - María-Eugenia Guazzaroni
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(16)-33153680
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Torumkuney D, Nijhara P, Beltrame CO, Baisch EQ, Ferreira RM. Country data on AMR in Brazil in the context of community-acquired respiratory tract infections: links between antibiotic susceptibility, local and international antibiotic prescribing guidelines, access to medicine and clinical outcome. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:i35-i42. [PMID: 36065730 PMCID: PMC9445857 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest threats to global public health. Selection of resistant bacteria is driven by inappropriate use of antibiotics, amongst other factors. COVID-19 may have exacerbated AMR due to unnecessary antibiotic prescribing. Country-level knowledge is needed to understand options for action. OBJECTIVES To review the situation with respect to AMR in Brazil and initiatives addressing it. Identifying areas where more information is required will provide a call to action to minimize any further rises in AMR within Brazil and to improve patient outcomes. METHODS National initiatives to address AMR, antibiotic use and prescribing in Brazil, and availability of susceptibility data, particularly for the key community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CA-RTI) pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, were identified. National and international antibiotic prescribing guidelines for CA-RTIs (community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis) commonly used locally were also reviewed, along with local antibiotic availability. CONCLUSIONS In Brazil there have been some initiatives addressing AMR such as the National Action Plan for AMR, established in 2018. Antibiotic consumption in Brazil is high but a ban on over-the-counter sales of antibiotics has led to a decrease in consumption. Local antibiotic susceptibility testing needs to be increased and the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) study in Brazil will provide useful data for pathogens causing CA-RTIs. A more standardized inclusive approach in developing local guidelines, using up-to-date surveillance data of isolates from community-acquired infections in Brazil, could make guideline use more locally relevant for clinicians. This would pave the way for a higher level of appropriate antibiotic prescribing and improved adherence. This would, in turn, potentially limit AMR development and improve clinical outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Torumkuney
- GlaxoSmithKline, 980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS, UK
| | - Puja Nijhara
- GlaxoSmithKline, 252, Dr Annie Besant Road, Worli 400030, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Elisama Queiroz Baisch
- GlaxoSmithKline, Estrada dos Bandeirantes, 8464, Jacarepaguá, 22783-110 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Camargo CH. Current status of NDM-producing Enterobacterales in Brazil: a narrative review. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1339-1344. [PMID: 35690653 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacterales was first detected in Brazil in 2014, in a Providencia rettgeri isolate recovered from surveillance swabs in the Southern region. Since then, an increasing number of NDM enzymes have been reported in different species. Nevertheless, comprehensive data on the current epidemiology of NDM-producing Enterobacterales in Brazil are lacking. Therefore, this study reviewed the available information on the status of NDM-producing bacteria in Brazil. The main finding was the diversity of bacteria producing NDM, including Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Morganella, Proteus, Escherichia, and Providencia. Limited data on clonality are available, but a few studies report different clonal backgrounds in NDM-producing K. pneumoniae, likely indicating local outbreaks. Over the years, a rise in the number of reported strains in different locations has been verified; however, different biases may have contributed to this finding. Therefore, a national surveillance study is warranted to identify the actual prevalence and incidence of NDM-producing Enterobacterales in Brazil and their role in patient management and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Camargo
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 9º Andar, 351, São Paulo, CEP 01246-902, Brazil.
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Wakimoto MD, Menezes RC, Pereira SA, Nery T, Castro-Alves J, Penetra SLS, Ruckert A, Labonté R, Veloso VG. COVID-19 and zoonoses in Brazil: Environmental scan of one health preparedness and response. One Health 2022; 14:100400. [PMID: 35601224 PMCID: PMC9106402 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the central role of the One Health (OH) approach, as a multisectoral and multidisciplinary perspective, to tackle health threats at the human-animal-environment interface. This study assessed Brazilian preparedness and response to COVID-19 and zoonoses with a focus on the OH approach and equity dimensions. We conducted an environmental scan using a protocol developed as part of a multi-country study. The article selection process resulted in 45 documents: 79 files and 112 references on OH; 41 files and 81 references on equity. The OH and equity aspects are poorly represented in the official documents regarding the COVID-19 response, either at the federal and state levels. Brazil has a governance infrastructure that allows for the response to infectious diseases, including zoonoses, as well as the fight against antimicrobial resistance through the OH approach. However, the response to the pandemic did not fully utilize the resources of the Brazilian state, due to the lack of central coordination and articulation among the sectors involved. Brazil is considered an area of high risk for emergence of zoonoses mainly due to climate change, large-scale deforestation and urbanization, high wildlife biodiversity, wide dry frontier, and poor control of wild animals' traffic. Therefore, encouraging existing mechanisms for collaboration across sectors and disciplines, with the inclusion of vulnerable populations, is required for making a multisectoral OH approach successful in the country.
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Key Words
- AE, Emergency Aid (Auxílio Emenrgencial)
- AMR, Antimicrobial Resistance
- ANVISA, National Health Surveillance Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária)
- BEm, Emergency Employment and Income Maintenance Benefit (Benefício Emergencial de Preservação do Emprego e da Renda)
- CAQ, Coordination of Aquatic Animals (Coordenação de Animais Aquáticos)
- CAT, Coordination of Terrestrial Animals (Coordenação de Animais Terrestres)
- CETAS, Wild Animal Screening Centers (Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres)
- CFMV, Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine (Conselho Federal de Medicina Veterinária)
- CGARB, General Coordination of Arbovirus Surveillance (Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Arboviroses)
- CGEMSP, General Coordination of Public Health Emergencies (Coordenação Geral de Emergências em Saúde Pública)
- CGLAB, General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories (Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública)
- CGPZ, General Coordination of Zoosanitary Planning and Evaluation (Coordenação Geral de Planejamento e Avaliação Zoossanitária)
- CGSA, General Coordination of Animal Health (Coordenação Geral de Saúde Animal)
- CGZV, General Coordination of Surveillance of Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases (Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Zoonoses e Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores)
- CIEVS, Center for Strategic Information in Health Surveillance (Centro de Informações Estratégicas em Vigilância em Saúde)
- COVID-19
- CRMVs, Regional Councils of Veterinary Medicine (Conselhos Regionais de Medicina Veterinária)
- DAEVS, Department of Strategic Coordination of Health Surveillance (Departamento de Articulação Estratégica da Vigilância em Saúde)
- DEA, Department of Environmental Education (Departamento de Educação Ambiental)
- DEIDT, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases (Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis)
- DIPOA, Department of Inspection of Products of Animal Origin (Departamento de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal)
- DRH, Department of Water Resources (Departamento de Recursos Hídricos)
- DRQA, Department of Environmental Quality and Waste Management (Departamento de Qualidade Ambiental e Gestão de Resíduos)
- DSA, Department of Animal Health (Departamento de Saúde Animal)
- DSASTE, Department of Environmental Health, Workers and Surveillance of Public Health Emergencies (Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, do Trabalhador e de Vigilância das Emergências em Saúde Pública)
- E-SISBRAVET, Brazilian Veterinary Surveillance and Emergencies System (Sistema Brasileiro de Vigilância e Emergências Veterinárias)
- EMBRAPA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária)
- Equity
- FUNASA, National Health Foundation (Fundação Nacional de Saúde)
- Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz)
- GAL, Laboratory Environment Manager (Gerenciador de Ambiente Laboratorial)
- GDP, Gross Domestic Product
- IACHR, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
- IBAMA, Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis)
- ICMBio, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade)
- ILO, International Labor Organization
- LFDAs, Federal Agricultural Defense Laboratories (Laboratórios Federais de Defesa Agropecuária)
- MAPA, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento)
- ME, Ministry of Economy (Ministério da Economia)
- MMA, Ministry of Environment (Ministério do Meio Ambiente)
- MS, Ministry of Health (Ministério da Saúde)
- NASF, Family Health Support Centers (Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família)
- OH, One Health
- OHWG, One Health Working Group
- OiE, World Organization for Animal Health
- One health
- PAHO, Pan American Health Organization
- PAN-BR, National Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Antimicrobial Resistance (Plano de Ação Nacional de Prevenção e Controle da Resistência aos Antimicrobianos)
- PANAFTOSA, Pan American Center for Food-and-Mouth Disease and Veterinary Public Health
- PNCEBT, National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Animal Tuberculosis (Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e da Tuberculose Animal)
- PNCRH, National Herbivore Rabies Control Program (Programa Nacional de Controle da Raiva dos Herbívoros)
- PNSA, National Poultry Health Program (Programa Nacional de Sanidade Avícola)
- SAIC, Secretariat of Institutional Articulation and Environmental Citizenship (Secretaria de Articulação Institucional e Cidadania Ambiental)
- SDA, Secretariat of Agricultural Defense (Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária)
- SFA, Federal Superintendences of Agriculture (Superintendências Federais de Agricultura)
- SINAN, Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação)
- SISLAB, National Public Health Laboratories System (Sistema Nacional de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública)
- SRHQ, Secretariat of Water Resources and Environmental Quality (Secretaria de Recursos Hídricos e Qualidade Ambiental)
- STF, Federal Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal)
- SUS, Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde)
- SVE, State Veterinary Services (Serviços Veterinários Estaduais)
- SVS, Health Surveillance Department (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde)
- UVL, Local Veterinary Units (Unidades Veterinárias Locais)
- UVZs, Zoonoses Surveillance Units (Unidades de Vigilância de Zoonoses)
- WHO, World Health Organization
- Zoonoses
- Zoonotic infectious diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Duarte Wakimoto
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Caldas Menezes
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago Nery
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Julio Castro-Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Arne Ruckert
- School of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ronald Labonté
- School of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
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11
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Santos RAD, Araújo GB, Correia EF, Costa Sobrinho PDS. Minas Artisanal Cheese As Potential Source of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:316-323. [PMID: 35263183 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics naturally, but the inappropriate and widespread use of antibiotics in humans and animals has made antimicrobial resistance one of the biggest threats to modern medicine. Raw milk cheese can represent an important source of antimicrobial resistance. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and sensitivity of Escherichia coli isolated from artisanal cheese made from raw milk produced in Minas Gerais, Brazil. E. coli counts were determined using the most probable number method. An antibiogram was performed using the disk diffusion method, following the protocol described by the Brazilian Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (BrCAST) for 14 antibiotics of nine classes. E. coli was detected in 35 (71.4%) of the samples, with populations between 0.56 to 4.87 log (NMP/g) of cheese. The presence of E. coli resistant to multiple antimicrobials was more frequent in cheeses, with an E. coli population below the levels established by regulatory limits. Only four samples (11.4%) had all E. coli isolates susceptible to the 14 antimicrobials evaluated. The results showed the heterogeneity of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli between the producing regions of Minas artisanal cheese. Multidrug resistance was detected in 29% of the E. coli isolates and in almost 40% (38.8%) of the cheese samples. The frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates was different between the production regions (p < 0.05). The presence of MDR E. coli in cheese from region D was 14, 4, and 20 times more likely than in cheese from regions A, B, and C, respectively. A multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.200 predicted the presence of MDR E. coli in raw milk artisanal cheese with 99% probability. In conclusion, artisanal cheese can act as sources of MDR E. coli to colonize the human gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glaciele Batista Araújo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
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12
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Oberin M, Badger S, Faverjon C, Cameron A, Bannister-Tyrrell M. Electronic information systems for One Health surveillance of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:e007388. [PMID: 34983786 PMCID: PMC8728452 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic information systems (EIS) that implement a 'One Health' approach by integrating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data across the human, animal and environmental health sectors, have been identified as a global priority. However, evidence on the availability, technical capacities and effectiveness of such EIS is scarce. METHODS Through a qualitative synthesis of evidence, this systematic scoping review aims to: identify EIS for AMR surveillance that operate across human, animal and environmental health sectors; describe their technical characteristics and capabilities; and assess whether there is evidence for the effectiveness of the various EIS for AMR surveillance. Studies and reports between 1 January 2000 and 21 July 2021 from peer-reviewed and grey literature in the English language were included. RESULTS 26 studies and reports were included in the final review, of which 27 EIS were described. None of the EIS integrated AMR data in a One Health approach across all three sectors. While there was a lack of evidence of thorough evaluations of the effectiveness of the identified EIS, several surveillance system effectiveness indicators were reported for most EIS. Standardised reporting of the effectiveness of EIS is recommended for future publications. The capabilities of the EIS varied in their technical design features, in terms of usability, data display tools and desired outputs. EIS that included interactive features, and geospatial maps are increasingly relevant for future trends in AMR data analytics. CONCLUSION No EIS for AMR surveillance was identified that was designed to integrate a broad range of AMR data from humans, animals and the environment, representing a major gap in global efforts to implement One Health approaches to address AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalene Oberin
- Ausvet, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Skye Badger
- Ausvet, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Acharya J, Zolfo M, Enbiale W, Kyaw KWY, Bhattachan M, Rijal N, Shrestha A, Shrestha B, Madhup SK, Raghubanshi BR, Kattel HP, Rajbhandari P, Bhandari P, Thakur S, Sharma S, Singh DR, Jha R. Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:60. [PMID: 33922405 PMCID: PMC8167624 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem, and Nepal is no exception. Countries are expected to report annually to the World Health Organization on their AMR surveillance progress through a Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, in which Nepal enrolled in 2017. We assessed the quality of AMR surveillance data during 2019-2020 at nine surveillance sites in Province 3 of Nepal for completeness, consistency, and timeliness and examined barriers for non-reporting sites. Here, we present the results of this cross-sectional descriptive study of secondary AMR data from five reporting sites and barriers identified through a structured questionnaire completed by representatives at the five reporting and four non-reporting sites. Among the 1584 records from the reporting sites assessed for consistency and completeness, 77-92% were consistent and 88-100% were complete, with inter-site variation. Data from two sites were received by the 15th day of the following month, whereas receipt was delayed by a mean of 175 days at three other sites. All four non-reporting sites lacked dedicated data personnel, and two lacked computers. The AMR surveillance data collection process needs improvement in completeness, consistency, and timeliness. Non-reporting sites need support to meet the specific requirements for data compilation and sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Acharya
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (N.R.); (A.S.); (R.J.)
| | - Maria Zolfo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Wendemagegn Enbiale
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, BahirDar University, 1996 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;
- Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AI&I), University of Amsterdam, 7057 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Khine Wut Yee Kyaw
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France and International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Mandalay 11061, Myanmar;
| | - Meika Bhattachan
- World Health Organization, Health Emergencies Unit, Kathmandu 44700, Nepal;
| | - Nisha Rijal
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (N.R.); (A.S.); (R.J.)
| | - Anjana Shrestha
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (N.R.); (A.S.); (R.J.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Piyush Rajbhandari
- Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal;
| | | | - Subhash Thakur
- Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Saroj Sharma
- Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Dipendra Raman Singh
- Quality Standard and Regulation Division, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Runa Jha
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (N.R.); (A.S.); (R.J.)
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