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Mobeen S, Fogel J, Harishankar K, Jacobs AJ. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Routine Prenatal Care: Use of Online Visits. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:1219-1227. [PMID: 38270717 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-024-03904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether prenatal visits or screening/testing were fewer or occurred later during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 (CINT) as compared to the prior year (PreCINT). METHODS A retrospective cohort study compared CINT (n = 2,195) to PreCINT (n = 2,395) at seven public hospitals in New York City. The primary outcome was total number of prenatal-care visits. Secondary outcomes were components of prenatal-care visits completion, timing of standard pregnancy screening tests, and adverse neonatal outcomes. RESULTS CINT patients had more total prenatal-care visits (B = 1.30, 95% CI:1.04, 1.56, p < 0.001), lower odds for initiation of prenatal care which was inadequate according to widely used criteria (OR:0.39, 95% CI:0.34, 0.45, p < 0.001), and lower gestational age at initial visit (B=-4.51, 95% CI:-5.10, -3.93, p < 0.001) than PreCINT patients. In-person visits did not differ between the two groups. PreCINT patients had no televisits, while CINT patients had a median of one televisit (Median = 1, p < 0.001). CINT patients had increased odds for group B Streptococcus screening (OR:1.27, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.48, p = 0.001), quadrivalent screening (OR:1.30, 95% CI:1.15, 1.48, p < 0.001), and anatomy sonogram (OR:2.30, 95% CI:2.04, 2.59, p < 0.001) but decreased odds for glucose challenge test screening (OR:0.81, 95% CI:0.72, 0.91, p < 0.001). Adverse neonatal outcome did not differ between CINT and PreCINT pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Despite the difficulties and perceived dangers of in-person visits during the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic had little negative impact upon the outpatient prenatal care received by patients in this hospital system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Mobeen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, South Brooklyn Health, 2601 Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn, New York, 11235, USA
| | - Joshua Fogel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, South Brooklyn Health, 2601 Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn, New York, 11235, USA
- Department of Management, Marketing, and Entrepreneurship, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Krupa Harishankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Queens, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allan J Jacobs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, South Brooklyn Health, 2601 Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn, New York, 11235, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
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Dhaliwal JS, Sekhon MS, Rajotia A, Dang AK, Singh PP, Bilal M, Sakthivel H, Ahmed R, Verma R, Ramphul K, Sethi PS. Disparities and Outcomes in the First and Second Year of the Pandemic on Events of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:597. [PMID: 38674243 PMCID: PMC11052327 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused several cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in infected patients. This study aims to understand the overall trends of AMI among COVID-19 patients during the first two years of the pandemic and the disparities and outcomes between the first and second years. Materials and Methods: The retrospective analysis was conducted via the 2020 and 2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for hospitalizations between April 2020 and December 2021 being analyzed for adults with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 who experienced events of AMI. A comparison of month-to-month events of AMI and mortality of AMI patients with concomitant COVID-19 was made alongside their respective patient characteristics. Results: Out of 2,541,992 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, 3.55% experienced AMI. The highest rate of AMI was in December 2021 (4.35%). No statistical differences in trends of AMI mortality were noted over the 21 months. AMI cases in 2021 had higher odds of undergoing PCI (aOR 1.627, p < 0.01). They experienced higher risks of acute kidney injury (aOR 1.078, p < 0.01), acute ischemic stroke (aOR 1.215, p < 0.01), cardiac arrest (aOR 1.106, p < 0.01), need for mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.133, p < 0.01), and all-cause mortality (aOR 1.032, 95% CI 1.001-1.064, p = 0.043). Conclusions: The incidence of AMI among COVID-19 patients fluctuated over the 21 months of this study, with a peak in December 2021. COVID-19 patients reporting AMI in 2021 experienced higher overall odds of multiple complications, which could relate to the exhaustive burden of the pandemic in 2021 on healthcare, the changing impact of the virus variants, and the hesitancy of infected patients to seek care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasninder Singh Dhaliwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Manraj S. Sekhon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Arush Rajotia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ashujot K. Dang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Prabh Partap Singh
- School of Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Maham Bilal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Hemamalini Sakthivel
- One Brooklyn Health System/Interfaith Medical Ctr Program, Brooklyn, NY 11213, USA
| | - Raheel Ahmed
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Part of Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Renuka Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | | | - Prabhdeep S. Sethi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Wang X, Pei S, Wang L, La B, Zhao M, Zhang X, Jia Z. Investigation on the possibility of dynamic COVID-Zero strategy in China: a population-based transmission model analysis and economic evaluation. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067294. [PMID: 37536961 PMCID: PMC10401205 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the feasible and cost-effective intervention strategies to achieve the goal of dynamic COVID-Zero in China. DESIGN A Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered model combined economic evaluation was used to generate the number of infections, the time for dynamic COVID-Zero and calculate cost-effectiveness under different intervention strategies. The model simulated the 1 year spread of COVID-19 in mainland China after 100 initial infections were imported. INTERVENTIONS According to close contact tracing degree from 80% to 100%, close contact tracing time from 2 days to 1 day, isolation time from 14 days to 7 days, scope of nucleic acid testing (NAT) from 10% to 100% and NAT frequency from weekly to every day, 720 scenarios were simulated. OUTCOME MEASURE Cumulative number of infections (CI), social COVID-Zero duration (SCD), total cost (TC) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. RESULTS 205 of 720 scenarios could achieve the total COVID-Zero since the first case was reported. The fastest and most cost-effective strategy was Scenario 680, in which all close contacts were traced within 1 day, the isolation time was 14 days and 10% of the national population was randomly checked for NAT every day. In Scenario 680, the CI was 280 (100 initial infections) and the SCD was 13 days. The TC was ¥4126 hundred million and the cost of reducing one infection was ¥47 470. However, when the close contact tracing time was 2 days and the degree of close contact tracing was 80%-90%, the SCD would double to 24-101 days and the TCs increased by ¥16 505 to 37 134 hundred million compared with Scenario 680. CONCLUSIONS If all close contact was controlled within 1 day, the rapid social COVID-Zero can be achieved effectively and cost-effectively. Therefore, the future prevention and control of emerging respiratory infectious diseases can focus on enhancing the ability of close contact tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojun Pei
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin La
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwei Jia
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Peking University Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China
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He Z, Zhao Y, Zheng L. How does air pollution affect the stock market performance? Evidence from China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27446-8. [PMID: 37155105 PMCID: PMC10165569 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Given its broad impact on human society, air pollution could become a non-economic factor affecting the stock market. But the impact of air pollution on the stock market performance has not received enough attention. This study examines the influence and potential mechanism of air pollution on stock market performance based on the panel data of 1344 A-share listed firms in China covering the period 2013-2019. The result shows that air pollution can negatively affect stock market performance. Second, heterogeneity analysis creatively points out that firms with less analysts, smaller size, stated-owned ownership, polluting related industry are more vulnerable to the negative effects of air pollution. Finally, the result also reveals a mechanism that air pollution could worsen the stock market by depressing investors' sentiments. The above findings enrich current research related to the impact of air pollution on stock market performance and also provide a new perspective for investors to make stock investment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao He
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuhuan Zhao
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Lu Zheng
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Lu Y, Zhang Z, Yang S. Heterogeneity Influence of Financial Digitalization and Inclusion on Employees’ Psychological States. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13030263. [PMID: 36975288 PMCID: PMC10045181 DOI: 10.3390/bs13030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital inclusive finance (DIF) has the power to spawn a new system of Internet finance and realize financial inclusion. However, the role of DIF in improving the health status of individuals is largely unknown. This study aims to demonstrate whether and how the development of DIF impacts the mental health of Chinese employees. This paper performs an empirical study based on the city-level data of the digital inclusive financial index with the China family panel studies. Ordinary least squares (OLS), probit models and mediation techniques are employed with appropriate instruments to alleviate endogeneity concerns. The results show that DIF can help employees improve their mental health. The results were robust to a variety of checks. Moreover, increasing income is the main pathway in which DIF improves individual mental health. Finally, it also reveals the heterogeneous effects of DIF on individual mental health. That is, the use depth of DIF has a significant positive effect on mental health status, but not on other sub-indicators, such as coverage breadth and degree of digital service provision; on those vulnerable groups containing females and employees with low education, its decisive role is larger than their counterparts who are males and have high levels of education. These results highlight the vital role of DIF in improving the mental health status of individuals. Consequently, there is a need to strengthen the construction of financial infrastructure and achieve a deeper integration of the financial system with digital technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- School of Business and Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zuoqian Zhang
- School of Business, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266075, China
| | - Siying Yang
- School of Economics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110136, China
- Correspondence:
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Xiao Y, Brown TT, Snowden LR, Chow JCC, Mann JJ. COVID-19 Policies, Pandemic Disruptions, and Changes in Child Mental Health and Sleep in the United States. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e232716. [PMID: 36912834 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The adverse effects of COVID-19 containment policies disrupting child mental health and sleep have been debated. However, few current estimates correct biases of these potential effects. OBJECTIVES To determine whether financial and school disruptions related to COVID-19 containment policies and unemployment rates were separately associated with perceived stress, sadness, positive affect, COVID-19-related worry, and sleep. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study was based on the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study COVID-19 Rapid Response Release and used data collected 5 times between May and December 2020. Indexes of state-level COVID-19 policies (restrictive, supportive) and county-level unemployment rates were used to plausibly address confounding biases through 2-stage limited information maximum likelihood instrumental variables analyses. Data from 6030 US children aged 10 to 13 years were included. Data analysis was conducted from May 2021 to January 2023. EXPOSURES Policy-induced financial disruptions (lost wages or work due to COVID-19 economic impact); policy-induced school disruptions (switches to online or partial in-person schooling). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Perceived stress scale, National Institutes of Health (NIH)-Toolbox sadness, NIH-Toolbox positive affect, COVID-19-related worry, and sleep (latency, inertia, duration). RESULTS In this study, 6030 children were included in the mental health sample (weighted median [IQR] age, 13 [12-13] years; 2947 [48.9%] females, 273 [4.5%] Asian children, 461 [7.6%] Black children, 1167 [19.4%] Hispanic children, 3783 [62.7%] White children, 347 [5.7%] children of other or multiracial ethnicity). After imputing missing data, experiencing financial disruption was associated with a 205.2% [95% CI, 52.9%-509.0%] increase in stress, a 112.1% [95% CI, 22.2%-268.1%] increase in sadness, 32.9% [95% CI, 3.5%-53.4%] decrease in positive affect, and a 73.9 [95% CI, 13.2-134.7] percentage-point increase in moderate-to-extreme COVID-19-related worry. There was no association between school disruption and mental health. Neither school disruption nor financial disruption were associated with sleep. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this study presents the first bias-corrected estimates linking COVID-19 policy-related financial disruptions with child mental health outcomes. School disruptions did not affect indices of children's mental health. These findings suggest public policy should consider the economic impact on families due to pandemic containment measures, in part to protect child mental health until vaccines and antiviral drugs become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Xiao
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork Presbyterian, Department of Population Health Sciences, New York
| | | | | | | | - J John Mann
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
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