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Fentahun S, Takelle GM, Rtbey G, Andualem F, Tinsae T, Nakie G, Melkam M, Tadesse G. Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among Ethiopian students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076580. [PMID: 38834322 PMCID: PMC11163678 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of depression and its associated factors among high school, college and university students in Ethiopia. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, African Journal Online and Google Scholar. The primary articles were searched from 2 April 2023 to 11 May 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Observational studies such as cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies that reported the prevalence and associated factors of depression among students in Ethiopia were included. Both published and unpublished primary studies were included in this review. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two authors independently extracted all the important data using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and exported it to Stata V.14 for analysis. The statistical heterogeneity among the included articles was assessed by the I2 statistics test. Publication bias was checked using the funnel plot and Egger's regression test. RESULTS A total of 17 primary studies with 8798 study participants were included in the current study to estimate the combined prevalence of depression. The pooled prevalence of depression among Ethiopian students was 35.52% with a 95% CI (30.54% to 40.51%). Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of depression was higher in Addis Ababa, which was 40.43%, with a 95% CI (28.02% to 52.83%). Female sex, first-year educational level, family history of mental illness, alcohol drinking and parental neglect were significantly associated with depression in this study. CONCLUSION In this review, the overall pooled prevalence of depression among students in Ethiopia was high compared with the general population. Therefore, it is necessary to make more efforts to provide mental healthcare and psychosocial support to students to improve their mental health and decrease the overall burden of depression. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023424301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setegn Fentahun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girmaw Medfu Takelle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gidey Rtbey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantahun Andualem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Techilo Tinsae
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebresilassie Tadesse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Zhang Y, Jia Y, MuLaTiHaJi M, Mi Y, Mei Y, Sun T, Shi H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zou R, Niu L, Dong S. A cross-sectional mental-health survey of Chinese postgraduate students majoring in stomatology post COVID-19 restrictions. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1376540. [PMID: 38765487 PMCID: PMC11099282 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1376540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The psychological status of Chinese postgraduate students majoring in stomatology after the COVID-19 restrictions still remains unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the mental status through a cross-sectional survey and gather related theoretical evidence for psychological intervention on postgraduate students majoring in stomatology. Methods An online survey was administered, and subjective well-being, anxiety, stress and depression symptoms were assessed using the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively, wherein suicidal ideation and sleep-related problems were measured with PHQ-9 and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Results A total of 208 participants who completed one questionnaire were considered as valid. It was found that female respondents generally exhibited significantly higher levels of PSS-10, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores and shorter physical activity hours than male students. Students from rural areas demonstrated significantly higher levels of PHQ-9, suicidal ideation, and less portion of good or fair family economic support. Additionally, individuals from only-child families reported increased levels of activity hours (1.78 ± 2.07, p = 0.045) and a higher portion (55.10%, p = 0.007) of having clear future plan as compared with multiple-child families. The risk factors for anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score) were higher scores of PSS-10 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09-1.22), PHQ-9 (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.22-1.49), and ISI-7 (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.06-1.23), while owning a clear graduation plan was the protective factor (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.31-0.98). Moreover, the risk factors for depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) included PSS-10 (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04-1.16), GAD-7 (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.25-1.52), suicidal ideation (OR = 5.66, 95% CI = 3.37-9.51), and ISI-7 (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.09-1.25). Approximately 98.08% of Chinese postgraduates studying stomatology reported experiencing at least moderate stress after the COVID-19 restrictions. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, senior students were more inclined to stress, while anxiety symptoms were related to severer levels of stress, depression, and insomnia. Depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of stress, anxiety, insomnia, suicidal ideation, and lower levels of self-reported well-being. Thus, psychological interventions for postgraduates should be timely and appropriately implemented by strengthening well-being, reasonably planning for the future, and good physique, thereby mitigating the psychological issues after COVID-19 restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - MaErWa MuLaTiHaJi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Yiying Mi
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yukun Mei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Yikun Zhang
- College of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaojie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Chereka AA, Demsash AW, Butta FW, Shibabaw AA, Gebeyehu CD, Adane D, Limeneh WD, Fentahun AD, Tadesse MN, Kitil GW. Examining students' level of understanding toward COVID-19 and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1369738. [PMID: 38721537 PMCID: PMC11076840 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate students' understanding of COVID-19 in Ethiopia and identify associated factors. The primary goal is to pinpoint key contributors shaping students' perception and comprehension of the virus. The study aims to offer valuable insights for developing targeted educational interventions, ultimately enhancing students' overall knowledge and awareness of the pandemic in the specific context of Ethiopia. Methods The study adhered rigorously to PRISMA criteria, ensuring a standardized methodology. Data from reputable databases like Google Scholar and PubMed were systematically collected. Ten relevant articles were meticulously analyzed using STATA version 11, with heterogeneity assessed by the I2 test. A funnel plot and Egger's test were used to check for publication bias. The determination of the pooled effect size utilized a random-effect model meta-analysis, offering a robust 95% confidence interval. Results This meta-analysis, based on 10 articles, reveals an overall prevalence of 61.58% (95% CI: 47.26-75.89). Significant contributors to students' comprehension include Social media users (AOR) = 2.38, urban residence AOR = 3.31, news media followers AOR = 2.51, fathers' educational status AOR = 2.35, watching television AOR = 4.71, and health science students AOR = 4.21. These findings underscore crucial elements shaping students' understanding of COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Conclusion Our analysis indicates that 61.58% of Ethiopian students possess a good understanding of COVID-19. Factors such as active social media engagement, geographic location, frequency of news consumption, father's level of education, television viewing habits, and enrollment in health science programs significantly influence their comprehension. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted interventions to enhance health literacy and education among students, thereby facilitating a more effective response to pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ayenew Chereka
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Fikadu Wake Butta
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | - Adamu Ambachew Shibabaw
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Daniel Adane
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Wubalem Dilie Limeneh
- Department of Tourism Management, College of Business and Economics, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Dagnew Fentahun
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Mathias Nega Tadesse
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Technology, Kebri Dehar University, Kebri Dehar, Ethiopia
| | - Gemeda Wakgari Kitil
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
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Luo X, Zhang Z, Shi X, He C, Wang J, Wu Q, Huang G. Arts therapies for mental disorders in COVID-19 patients: a comprehensive review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1289545. [PMID: 38111478 PMCID: PMC10726037 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1289545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The COVID-19 global pandemic has necessitated the urgency for innovative mental health interventions. We performed a comprehensive review of the available literature on the utility and efficacy of arts therapies in treating mental health problems, with special emphasis on their deployment during the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to provide some evidence for the application of this therapy. Methods The potential studies were systematically sourced from five authoritative databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the CNKI database. The evaluation of these studies was conducted based on stringent criteria, including validity, suitability, therapeutic potential, and consistency. Each piece of included literature was meticulously scored in accordance with these criteria, thus ensuring the inclusion of only the most robust studies in this review. The data from these Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were carefully extracted using the PICO(S) framework, ensuring a comprehensive and systemic approach to data collection. In order to emphasize the variability in the effects of differing arts therapies on COVID-19-induced psychiatric disturbances, the sourced literature was systematically categorized and scrutinized based on distinct modalities. Results Out of the 7,250 sourced articles, 16 satisfied the inclusion conditions. The therapies were predominantly meditation (n = 7), supplemented by individual studies on color therapy (n = 3), music therapy (n = 2), and single studies on horticultural therapy, dance therapy, mindfulness and music therapy, and yoga and music therapy (n = 4 collectively). These various forms of arts therapies had a positive short to medium-term impact on the mental health of COVID-19 patients. Besides improving patients' physical and mental health, these therapies can also be employed to mitigate mental health issues among healthcare professionals. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has profound and long-lasting implications for public mental health. Diverse forms of arts therapies are potentially effective in addressing related psychiatric symptoms. The integration of artificial intelligence might further enhance the efficacy and scalability of arts therapies in future implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexing Luo
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Hepatology, The 4th People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Caihong He
- Operation Management Centre, Guangzhou Wanqu Cooperative Institute of Design, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Huang
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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Nisa CF, Yan X, Chakraborty B, Leander P, Bélanger JJ. COVID-19 may have increased global support for universal health coverage: multi-country observational study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1213037. [PMID: 37693708 PMCID: PMC10486985 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1213037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The multiple risks generated by the COVID-19 pandemic intensified the debate about healthcare access and coverage. Whether the burden of disease caused by the coronavirus outbreak changed public opinion about healthcare provision remains unclear. In this study, it was specifically examined if the pandemic changed support for governmental intervention in healthcare as a proxy to support for universal health coverage (UHC). It also examined which psychological factors related to the socioeconomic interdependence exposed by the pandemic may be associated with a potential change. Methods Online survey data was collected over 18 months (from March 2020 to August 2021) across 73 countries, containing various social attitudes and risk perceptions related to COVID-19. This was a convenience sample composed of voluntary participants (N = 3,176; age 18 years and above). Results The results show that support for government intervention in healthcare increased across geographical regions, age groups, and gender groups (an average increase of 39%), more than the support for government intervention in other social welfare issues. Factors related to socioeconomic interdependence predicted increased support for government intervention in healthcare, namely, social solidarity (ß = 0.14, p < 0.0001), and risk to economic livelihood (ß = 0.09, p < 0.0001). Trust in the government to deal with COVID-19 decreased over time, and this negative trajectory predicted a demand for better future government intervention in healthcare (ß = -0.10, p = 0.0003). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic may have been a potential turning point in the global public support for UHC, as evidenced by a higher level of consensus that governments should be guarantors of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia F. Nisa
- Division of Social Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xiaoxi Yan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Pontus Leander
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jocelyn J. Bélanger
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Carnegie-Mellon University Qatar, Qatar Education City, Doha, Qatar
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