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Licenziato L, Mazzone E, Tarantelli C, Accornero P, Rinaldi A, Divari S, Leung W, Webb S, De Maria R, Aresu L. Thinking Outside the Box: Indirect Myc Modulation in Canine B-Cell Lymphoma. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1466. [PMID: 38791684 PMCID: PMC11117341 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphomas (BCL) is the most frequent hematological cancer in dogs. Treatment typically consists of chemotherapy, with CHOP-based protocols. However, outcome remains generally poor, urging the exploration of new therapeutic strategies with a targeted approach. Myc transcription factor plays a crucial role in regulating cellular processes, and its dysregulation is implicated in numerous human and canine malignancies, including canine BCL (cBCL). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of indirectly inhibiting Myc in cBCL using BI2536 and MZ1 compounds in two in vitro models (CLBL-1 and KLR-1201). Both BI2536 and MZ1, alone and combined, affected cell viability in a significant concentration- and time-dependent manner. Western Blot revealed an upregulation of PLK1 expression in both cell lines upon treatment with BI2536, in association with a reduction in c-Myc protein levels. Conversely, MZ1 led to a decrease in its primary target, BRD4, along with a reduction in c-Myc. Furthermore, BI2536, both alone and in combination with MZ1, induced larger transcriptomic changes in cells compared to MZ1 alone, primarily affecting MYC target genes and genes involved in cell cycle regulation. These data underscore the potential role of Myc as therapeutic target in cBCL, providing a novel approach to indirectly modulate this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (E.M.); (P.A.); (S.D.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Eugenio Mazzone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (E.M.); (P.A.); (S.D.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (C.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Paolo Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (E.M.); (P.A.); (S.D.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (C.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Sara Divari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (E.M.); (P.A.); (S.D.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Wilfred Leung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Suzin Webb
- Velocity Clinical Research, Binghamton, NY 13905, USA;
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (E.M.); (P.A.); (S.D.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (E.M.); (P.A.); (S.D.); (R.D.M.)
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Elshafie NO, Gribskov M, Lichti NI, Sayedahmed EE, Childress MO, dos Santos AP. miRNome expression analysis in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1238613. [PMID: 37711209 PMCID: PMC10499539 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1238613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lymphoma is a common canine cancer with translational relevance to human disease. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent subtype, contributing to almost fifty percent of clinically recognized lymphoma cases. Identifying new biomarkers capable of early diagnosis and monitoring DLBCL is crucial for enhancing remission rates. This research seeks to advance our knowledge of the molecular biology of DLBCL by analyzing the expression of microRNAs, which regulate gene expression by negatively impacting gene expression via targeted RNA degradation or translational repression. The stability and accessibility of microRNAs make them appropriate biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of diseases. Methods We extracted and sequenced microRNAs from ten fresh-frozen lymph node tissue samples (six DLBCL and four non-neoplastic). Results Small RNA sequencing data analysis revealed 35 differently expressed miRNAs (DEMs) compared to controls. RT-qPCR confirmed that 23/35 DEMs in DLBCL were significantly upregulated (n = 14) or downregulated (n = 9). Statistical significance was determined by comparing each miRNA's average expression fold-change (2-Cq) between the DLCBL and healthy groups by applying the unpaired parametric Welch's 2-sample t-test and false discovery rate (FDR). The predicted target genes of the DEMs were mainly enriched in the PI3K-Akt-MAPK pathway. Discussion Our data point to the potential value of miRNA signatures as diagnostic biomarkers and serve as a guideline for subsequent experimental studies to determine the targets and functions of these altered miRNAs in canine DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly O. Elshafie
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Michael Gribskov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nathanael I. Lichti
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ekramy. E. Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Michael O. Childress
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Andrea P. dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Epigenetic Alterations in Canine Malignant Lymphoma: Future and Clinical Outcomes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030468. [PMID: 36766357 PMCID: PMC9913421 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine malignant lymphoma is a common neoplasia in dogs, and some studies have used dogs as a research model for molecular mechanisms of lymphomas in humans. In two species, chemotherapy is the treatment of choice, but the resistance to conventional anticancer drugs is frequent. The knowledge of molecular mechanisms of development and progression of neoplasia has expanded in recent years, and the underlying epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly well known. These studies open up new ways of discovering therapeutic biomarkers. Histone deacetylases and demethylase inhibitors could be a future treatment for canine lymphoma, and the use of microRNAs as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers is getting closer. This review summarises the epigenetic mechanisms underlying canine lymphoma and their possible application as treatment and biomarkers, both prognostic and diagnostic.
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Kulka M, Brennan K, Mc Gee M. Investigation of canine extracellular vesicles in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274261. [PMID: 36125986 PMCID: PMC9488776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are the most common lymphoproliferative diseases in dogs. DLBCL diagnosis to date has relied on histopathological analysis; however liquid biopsies have gained attention in recent years as a source of diagnostic and prognostic information. Liquid biopsies can be a source of circulating DNA, miRNA, circulating tumour cells or extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study EVs were isolated from the plasma of healthy dogs, and dogs with lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma by iodixanol density gradient centrifugation. These EVs were positive for the EV markers CD63 and TSG101 and the pan-B cell markers CD79a, CD21, CD45, CD20. NTA analysis revealed that the DLBCL and adenocarcinoma dogs had elevated plasma EVs relative to the healthy dogs. Furthermore, the modal size of lymphoma EVs had decreased relative to healthy dogs while adenocarcinoma EVs were unchanged. This study demonstrates that the plasma EV population is altered in canine lymphoma patients in a manner similar to previous studies on human lymphomas. The similar changes to the EV population in dogs, together with the similar pathological features and treatment protocols in canine and human non-Hodgkin lymphomas would make dogs a good comparative model for studying the role of EVs in DLBCL development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kulka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Kieran Brennan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret Mc Gee
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Insight into the potential candidate genes and signaling pathways involved in lymphoma disease in dogs using a comprehensive whole blood transcriptome analysis. Gene 2022; 838:146735. [PMID: 35835403 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent hematological cancers, accounting for 15-20 % of new cancer diagnoses in dogs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the important genes and pathways involved in canine lymphoma progression and understand the underlying molecular mechanisms using RNA sequencing. In this study, RNAs acquired from seven pairs of lymphoma and non-lymphoma blood samples were sequenced from different breeds of dogs. Sequencing reads were preprocessed, aligned with the reference genome, assembled and expressions were estimated through bioinformatics approaches. At a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5, a total of 625 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between lymphoma and non-lymphoma samples, including 347 up-regulated DEGs such as SLC38A11, SCN3A, ZIC5 etc. and 278 down-regulated DEGs such as LOC475937, CSMD1, KRT14 etc. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were highly enriched for molecular function of ATP binding and calcium ion binding, cellular process of focal adhesion, and biological process of immune response, and defense response to virus. Similarly, KEGG pathways analysis revealed 11 significantly enriched pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ABC transporters etc. In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, CDK1 was found to be a top hub gene with highest degree of connectivity. Three modules selected from the PPI network showed that canine lymphoma was highly associated with cell cycle, ECM-receptor interaction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. Overall, our findings highlighted new candidate therapeutic targets for further testing in canine lymphoma and facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanism of lymphoma's progression in dogs.
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Riva F, Filipe J, Fanelli A, Marconato L, Inglesi A, Scanziani E, Soldati S, Licenziato L, Comazzi S, Minoli L, Aresu L. IL-1R8 Downregulation and Concomitant TLR7 and TLR9 Upregulation Are Related to the Pathogenesis of Canine Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050209. [PMID: 35622737 PMCID: PMC9147662 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common hematological malignancy in humans and dogs. Several studies disclosed some similarities between the two species, including the constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway as a fundamental underlying pathogenetic mechanism. In humans, the downregulation of IL-1R8 is implicated in DLBCL development, but its role in dogs has not been explored so far. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of this tumor in dogs, we evaluated the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1R8 in 12 control lymph nodes obtained from dogs not bearing tumors and from 50 dogs with DLBCL. Moreover, we analyzed through qRT-PCR the expression of TLR7, TLR9, MYC, and p52 genes that are known to be involved in the IL-1R8 regulatory network. IL-1R8 and p52 were downregulated in DLBCLs compared to control lymph nodes (p < 0.001), while a higher expression of TLR7, TLR9, and MYC was observed in DLBCLs (p < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the gene expression results, revealing a significantly lower IL-1R8 staining score in DLBCLs compared to control lymph nodes (p < 0.0001). Taken together, these results suggest that IL-1R8 downregulation may represent one of the mechanisms driving DLBCL pathogenesis in dogs, mainly through the dysregulation of the Toll-like/interleukin receptors signaling cascade and the aberrant activation of the classical NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Medical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emlia, Italy;
| | - Alessia Inglesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Soldati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (L.A.)
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Hypermethylation-Mediated Silencing of CIDEA, MAL and PCDH17 Tumour Suppressor Genes in Canine DLBCL: From Multi-Omics Analyses to Mechanistic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074021. [PMID: 35409379 PMCID: PMC9000013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is controlled by epigenetic deregulation, a hallmark of cancer. The DNA methylome of canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cDLBCL), the most frequent malignancy of B-lymphocytes in dog, has recently been investigated, suggesting that aberrant hypermethylation of CpG loci is associated with gene silencing. Here, we used a multi-omics approach (DNA methylome, transcriptome and copy number variations) combined with functional in vitro assays, to identify putative tumour suppressor genes subjected to DNA methylation in cDLBCL. Using four cDLBCL primary cell cultures and CLBL-1 cells, we found that CiDEA, MAL and PCDH17, which were significantly suppressed in DLBCL samples, were hypermethylated and also responsive (at the DNA, mRNA and protein level) to pharmacological unmasking with hypomethylating drugs and histone deacetylase inhibitors. The regulatory mechanism underneath the methylation-dependent inhibition of those target genes expression was then investigated through luciferase and in vitro methylation assays. In the most responsive CpG-rich regions, an in silico analysis allowed the prediction of putative transcription factor binding sites influenced by DNA methylation. Interestingly, regulatory elements for AP2, MZF1, NF-kB, PAX5 and SP1 were commonly identified in all three genes. This study provides a foundation for characterisation and experimental validation of novel epigenetically-dysregulated pathways in cDLBCL.
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Boozer TC, Heng HG, Lim CK, Eichelberger B, Childress M. Ultrasonographic features of atraumatic‐pathological subcapsular splenic haematomas in two dogs with confirmed lymphoma. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara C. Boozer
- Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Hock Gan Heng
- Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Chee Kin Lim
- Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | | | - Michael Childress
- Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine West Lafayette Indiana USA
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Faroni E, Sabattini S, Lenzi J, Guerra D, Comazzi S, Aresu L, Mazzanti A, Zanardi S, Cola V, Lotito E, Marconato L. Sleeping Beauty: Anesthesia May Promote Relapse in Dogs With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Complete Remission After Chemo-Immunotherapy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:760603. [PMID: 34881319 PMCID: PMC8645585 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.760603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery-induced stress and anesthesia-related immunosuppression are believed to play a critical role in human oncology patients. Studies have hypothesized that anesthesia influences patients' outcome, promoting tumor recurrence and metastasis. Aim of the study was to investigate whether anesthesia promoted relapse in dogs with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Medical records were searched for dogs with DLBCL, that were in complete remission (CR) after the same chemo-immunotherapy protocol. Dogs receiving anesthesia were included if the procedure was performed while in CR. Time to relapse (TTR) was obtained via Kaplan–Meier method. Association between anesthesia and relapse was assessed using a nested case-control design and estimated using conditional logistic regression. Sixty-one dogs with DLBCL were included. Overall median TTR was 329 days (95% CI, 281–377). Forty-eight (79%) dogs relapsed during the study period, while 13 (21%) were still in CR at data analysis closure. Eighteen (30%) dogs received anesthesia with opioids, propofol, and isoflurane or sevoflurane. The relative risk of lymphoma relapse for dogs undergoing anesthesia was significantly higher compared with dogs not undergoing anesthesia, with an odds ratio of 3.09 (P = 0.019) on multivariable analysis. Anesthesia may promote relapse in dogs with DLBCL treated with chemo-immunotherapy, although a role of perioperative stress cannot be ultimately excluded. Considering the high frequency of anesthetic procedures required for diagnostic and therapeutic protocols among oncology patients, it is of utmost interest to characterize the effects of single anesthetic agents on the immune system. Further prospective studies are needed to better define the impact of anesthesia on patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Faroni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lenzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dina Guerra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Mazzanti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Zanardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Cola
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emilio Lotito
- Clinica Veterinaria Dell'Orologio, Sasso Marconi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Rassnick KM, Bailey DB, Kamstock DA, LeBlanc CJ, Berger EP, Flory AB, Kiselow MA, Intile JL, Malone EK, Regan RC, Musser ML, Yanda N, Johannes CM. Survival time for dogs with previously untreated, peripheral nodal, intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma treated with prednisone alone: the Canine Lymphoma Steroid Only trial. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:62-71. [PMID: 34125606 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate survival times for dogs with previously untreated, peripheral nodal, intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma treated with prednisone alone. ANIMALS 109 client-owned dogs recruited from 15 institutions in the United States. PROCEDURES Dogs were treated with prednisone at a dosage of 40 mg/m2, PO, once daily for 7 days and at a dosage of 20 mg/m2, PO, once daily thereafter. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed by owners with a visual analog scale when treatment was started (day 0), 1 and 2 weeks after treatment was started, and every 4 weeks thereafter. The primary outcome of interest was survival time as determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors potentially associated with survival time were examined. RESULTS Median overall survival time was 50 days (95% CI, 41 to 59 days). Factors associated with survival time included substage (a vs b) and immunophenotype (B cell vs T cell). Owner-assigned QOL scores on days 0 and 14 were significantly positively correlated with survival time. When QOL score was dichotomized, dogs with day 0 or day 14 QOL scores ≥ 50 had significantly longer survival times, compared with dogs with day 0 or day 14 QOL scores < 50. No variables were predictive of long-term (> 120 days) survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that survival times were short for dogs with previously untreated, peripheral nodal, intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma treated with prednisone alone. Owner-perceived QOL and clinician-assigned substage were both associated with survival time. Findings provide potentially important information for clinicians to discuss with owners of dogs with lymphoma at the time treatment decisions are made.
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Aresu L, Marconato L, Martini V, Fanelli A, Licenziato L, Foiani G, Melchiotti E, Nicoletti A, Vascellari M. Prognostic Value of PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8A in Canine Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Detected by RNAscope. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8070120. [PMID: 34209830 PMCID: PMC8310184 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8070120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are a set of molecules dysregulated in several human and canine cancers and aberrations of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are often correlated with a worse prognosis. To gain an insight into the role of immune checkpoints in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cDLBCL), we investigated PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8A expression by RNAscope. Results were correlated with several clinico-pathological features, including treatment, Ki67 index and outcome. A total of 33 dogs treated with chemotherapy (n = 12) or chemoimmunotherapy with APAVAC (n = 21) were included. PD-L1 signal was diffusely distributed among neoplastic cells, whereas PD-1 and CD8A were localized in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. However, PD-1 mRNA was also retrieved in tumor cells. An association between PD-L1 and PD-1 scores was identified and a higher risk of relapse and lymphoma-related death was found in dogs treated with chemotherapy alone and dogs with higher PD-L1 and PD-1 scores. The correlation between PD-L1 and PD-1 is in line with the mechanism of immune checkpoints in cancers, where neoplastic cells overexpress PD-L1 that, in turn, binds PD-1 receptors in activated TIL. We also found that Ki67 index was significantly increased in dogs with the highest PD-L1 and PD-1 scores, indirectly suggesting a role in promoting tumor proliferation. Finally, even if the biological consequence of PD-1+ tumor cells is unknown, our findings suggest that PD-1 intrinsic expression in cDLBCL might contribute to tumor growth escaping adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy;
| | - Valeria Martini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Greta Foiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Erica Melchiotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Arturo Nicoletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.M.); (M.V.)
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Hsu CH, Tomiyasu H, Liao CH, Lin CS. Genome-wide DNA methylation and RNA-seq analyses identify genes and pathways associated with doxorubicin resistance in a canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell line. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250013. [PMID: 33961622 PMCID: PMC8104391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin resistance is a major challenge in the successful treatment of canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cDLBCL). In the present study, MethylCap-seq and RNA-seq were performed to characterize the genome-wide DNA methylation and differential gene expression patterns respectively in CLBL-1 8.0, a doxorubicin-resistant cDLBCL cell line, and in CLBL-1 as control, to investigate the underlying mechanisms of doxorubicin resistance in cDLBCL. A total of 20289 hypermethylated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were detected. Among these, 1339 hypermethylated DMRs were in promoter regions, of which 24 genes showed an inverse correlation between methylation and gene expression. These 24 genes were involved in cell migration, according to gene ontology (GO) analysis. Also, 12855 hypermethylated DMRs were in gene-body regions. Among these, 353 genes showed a positive correlation between methylation and gene expression. Functional analysis of these 353 genes highlighted that TGF-β and lysosome-mediated signal pathways are significantly associated with the drug resistance of CLBL-1. The tumorigenic role of TGF-β signaling pathway in CLBL-1 8.0 was further validated by treating the cells with a TGF-β inhibitor(s) to show the increased chemo-sensitivity and intracellular doxorubicin accumulation, as well as decreased p-glycoprotein expression. In summary, the present study performed an integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression in CLBL-1 8.0 and CLBL-1. The candidate genes and pathways identified in this study hold potential promise for overcoming doxorubicin resistance in cDLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi-Hsun Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Lee GKC, Bienzle D, Keller SM, Hwang MH, Darzentas N, Chang H, Rätsep E, Egan R, Beeler-Marfisi J. Use of immune repertoire sequencing to resolve discordant microscopic and immunochemical findings in a case of T cell-rich large B cell lymphoma in a young dog. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:85. [PMID: 33602231 PMCID: PMC7890612 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphocytic neoplasms with frequent reactive lymphocytes are uncommonly reported in dogs, and can pose a diagnostic challenge. Different diagnostic modalities such as cytology, flow cytometry, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and clonality testing, are sometimes required for a diagnosis. This report illustrates the value of using a multi-modal diagnostic approach to decipher a complex lymphocytic tumor, and introduces immune repertoire sequencing as a diagnostic adjunct. Case presentation A 10-month-old Great Dane was referred for marked ascites. Cytologic analysis of abdominal fluid and hepatic aspirates revealed a mixed lymphocyte population including numerous large lymphocytes, yielding a diagnosis of lymphoma. Flow cytometrically, abdominal fluid lymphocytes were highly positive for CD4, CD5, CD18, CD45, and MHC II, consistent with T cell lymphoma. Due to a rapidly deteriorating clinical condition, the dog was euthanized. Post mortem histologic evaluation showed effacement of the liver by aggregates of B cells surrounded by T cells, suggestive of hepatic T cell-rich large B cell lymphoma. Immune repertoire sequencing confirmed the presence of clonal B cells in the liver but not the abdominal fluid, whereas reactive T cells with shared, polyclonal immune repertoires were found in both locations. Conclusions T cell-rich large B cell lymphoma is a rare neoplasm in dogs that may be challenging to diagnose and classify due to mixed lymphocyte populations. In this case, the results of histopathology, immunohistochemistry and immune repertoire sequencing were most consistent with a hepatic B cell neoplasm and reactive T cells exfoliating into the abdominal fluid. Immune repertoire sequencing was helpful in delineating neoplastic from reactive lymphocytes and characterizing repertoire overlap in both compartments. The potential pitfalls of equating atypical cytomorphology and monotypic marker expression in neoplasia are highlighted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02783-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Matthias Keller
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Hua Hwang
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikos Darzentas
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Haiyang Chang
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Rätsep
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Egan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Henriques J, Felisberto R, Constantino-Casas F, Cabeçadas J, Dobson J. Peripheral blood cell ratios as prognostic factors in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with CHOP protocol. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:242-252. [PMID: 33247533 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common haematopoietic tumour in dogs and recognized as clinical model for its human counterpart. Recently, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR) ratios have been shown to predict time-to-progression (TTP) and lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) in dogs with DLBCL treated with CHOP-based chemotherapy. We retrospectively evaluated in 59 dogs diagnosed with DLBCL the prognostic value of haematological parameters and derived ratios: NLR, LMR, platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) and platelet-to-neutrophil (PNR) ratios for TTP, LSS and associated secondary end-points (time-to-progression-rate [TTPR] and lymphoma-specific survival-rate [LSSR]) as rates at 180 and 365 days. PNR is an independent prognostic marker (p ≤ .001) for TTPR/180 and 365 days, dogs with a PNR above 0.032 were more likely to progress before 180 days (sensitivity 46.5%, specificity 87.5%, p = .004). On univariate analysis, NLR showed a prognostic significance for LSSR/180 (p = .006) and LSSR/365 (p = .009). A baseline NLR value below 7.45 was positively associated with survival at 180 days (sensitivity 52%, specificity 85.3%, p = .025). The presence of substage b, was associated with early progression and decreased survival at 180 days (p = .031). Anaemia significantly reduced LSSR at 365 days (p = .028). This is the first study evaluating PLR and PNR in canine DLBCL and demonstrates that PNR could be a predictor of early lymphoma progression. Since peripheral blood cell composition can be affected by several non-oncological causes, the development of larger multicenter studies with homogeneous inclusion criteria could help to better determine the true predictive values of blood cell ratios in dogs' DLBCL treated with CHOP chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Cabeçadas
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, IPO-FG-Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jane Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Elshafie NO, Nascimento NCD, Lichti NI, Kasinski AL, Childress MO, Santos APD. MicroRNA Biomarkers in Canine Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:34-41. [PMID: 33287683 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820967902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is among the most common cancer in dogs. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the predominant type, accounting for up to half of all cases. Definitive diagnosis of DLBCL relies on cytologic evaluation with immunophenotyping, or histopathology and immunohistochemistry when needed. A rapid and specific molecular test aiding in the diagnosis could be beneficial. Noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Not surprisingly, miRNA expression is aberrant in diseases such as cancers. Their high stability and abundance in tissues make them promising biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring diseases. This study aimed to identify miRNA signatures of DLBCL to develop ancillary molecular diagnostic tools. miRNA was isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node tissue from 22 DLBCL and 14 nonneoplastic controls. Relative gene expression of 8 tumor-regulating miRNAs was achieved by RT-qPCR (reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction). The results showed downregulation of the let-7 family of miRNAs and miR-155, whereas miR-34a was upregulated in DLBCL compared to the controls. We demonstrated that the combination of expression levels of miR-34a and let-7f or of let-7b and let-7f achieved 100% differentiation between DLBCL and controls. Furthermore, let-7f alone discriminated DLBCL from nonneoplastic tissue in 97% of cases. Our results represent one step forward in search of a rapid and accurate ancillary diagnostic test for DLBCL in dogs.
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16
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Liquid biopsy based on small extracellular vesicles predicts chemotherapy response of canine multicentric lymphomas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20371. [PMID: 33230132 PMCID: PMC7683601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common type of canine hematological malignancy where the multicentric (cMCL) form accounts for 75% of all cases. The standard treatment is the CHOP chemotherapy protocols that include cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, where the majority of dogs achieve complete/partial response; however, it is very important to predict non-responsive cases to improve treatment and to develop new targeted therapies. Here we evaluate a liquid biopsy approach based on serum Small Extracellular Vesicles enriched for exosomes (SEVs) to predict cMCL chemotherapy response. Nineteen dogs at the end of the 19-week chemotherapy protocol (8 Complete Response and 11 Progressive Disease) were evaluated for serum SEVs size, concentration and screened for 95 oncomirs. PD patients had higher SEVs concentration at the diagnosis than CR patients (P = 0.034). The ROC curve was significant for SEVs concentration to predict the response to CHOP (AUC = 0.8011, P = 0.0287). A potential molecular signature based on oncomirs from SEVs (caf-miR-205, caf-miR-222, caf-mir-20a and caf-miR-93) is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the potential of a liquid biopsy based on SEVs and their miRNAs content to predict the outcome of chemotherapy for canine multicentric lymphomas.
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17
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Škor O, Bicanová L, Wolfesberger B, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Ruetgen B, Štěrbová M, Schwendenwein I, Kleiter M. Are B-symptoms more reliable prognostic indicators than substage in canine nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:201-208. [PMID: 33136315 PMCID: PMC7894295 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In humans B‐symptoms refer to systemic symptoms of lymphoma such as fever, weight loss, and night sweats and influence the prognosis of patients. In canine lymphoma, substage B is used to describe any clinical sign observed. Aim of the retrospective study was to compare the prognostic value of substage B with B‐symptoms to predict treatment response and survival in canine nodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Affected dogs treated with CHOP chemotherapy between 2008 and 2019 were included. B‐symptoms were defined by weight loss greater than 10% of normal weight, fever and the occurrence of unexplained resting tachypnoea substituted human night sweats. Substage B was defined as any symptoms but lymphadenopathy. Fifty‐five cases were included. B‐symptoms were present in 20/55 (36%) and substage B in 40/55 (74%) patients. No significant associations between B‐symptoms or substage B and weight, sex, breed, WHO stage and lymphoma grade were found. Treatment response was negatively associated with both substage B (P = .02) and B‐symptoms (P = .001). B‐symptoms significantly decreased progression free survival (PFS) (95 vs 330 days, P = .001) and lymphoma specific survival (LSS) (160 vs 462 days, P = .001). Data showed that B‐symptoms might be a more reliable prognostic indicator than substage B in canine nodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Prospective studies assessing B‐symptoms in a larger cohort of patients and in other common lymphoma types are warranted. The abstract was presented at the fourth meeting of the European Canine Lymphoma Network Group in Lugano, 22 June 2019 and published in the proceeding of the meeting on the page 26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Škor
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludmila Bicanová
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Marie Štěrbová
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Miriam Kleiter
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Hsu CH, Tomiyasu H, Lee JJ, Tung CW, Liao CH, Chuang CH, Huang LY, Liao KW, Chou CH, Liao ATC, Lin CS. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using MethylCap-seq in canine high-grade B-cell lymphoma. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:1089-1103. [PMID: 33031589 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0820-673r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a comprehensively studied epigenetic modification and plays crucial roles in cancer development. In the present study, MethylCap-seq was used to characterize the genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in canine high-grade B-cell lymphoma (cHGBL). Canine methylated DNA fragments were captured and the MEDIUM-HIGH and LOW fraction of methylated DNA was obtained based on variation in CpG methylation density. In the MEDIUM-HIGH and LOW fraction, 2144 and 1987 cHGBL-specific hypermethylated genes, respectively, were identified. Functional analysis highlighted pathways strongly related to oncogenesis. The relevant signaling pathways associated with neuronal system were also revealed, echoing recent novel findings that neurogenesis plays key roles in tumor establishment. In addition, 14 genes were hypermethylated in all the cHGBL cases but not in the healthy dogs. These genes might be potential signatures for tracing cHGBL, and some of them have been reported to play roles in various types of cancers. Further, the distinct methylation pattern of cHGBL showed a concordance with the clinical outcome, suggesting that aberrant epigenetic changes may influence tumor behavior. In summary, our study characterized genome-wide DNA methylation patterns using MethylCap-seq in cHGBL; the findings suggest that specific DNA hypermethylation holds promise for dissecting tumorigenesis and uncovering biomarkers for monitoring the progression of cHGBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jih-Jong Lee
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Tung
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsun Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chuang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ya Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert T C Liao
- Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Generation of a canine anti-canine CD20 antibody for canine lymphoma treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11476. [PMID: 32651429 PMCID: PMC7351721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common hematological cancer in dogs. Canine diffuse large B cell lymphoma shows a relatively good response to treatment with multi-agent cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy; however, the 2-year survival rate is as low as 20%. For human B cell type lymphoma, the anti-CD20 chimeric antibody, rituximab, was developed two decades ago. The combination of rituximab and CHOP chemotherapy was highly successful in improving patient prognosis. However, no anti-canine CD20 antibody is available for the treatment of canine lymphoma. During this study, a rat anti-canine CD20 monoclonal antibody was established. We also generated a rat-canine chimeric antibody against canine CD20 designed for clinical application. This chimeric antibody (4E1-7-B) showed in vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against the canine B cell lymphoma cell line CLBL-1. Moreover, to obtain stronger ADCC activity, a defucosylated 4E1-7-B antibody (4E1-7-B_f) was also generated, and it showed tenfold stronger ADCC activity compared with 4E1-7-B. 4E1-7-B_f as well as 4E1-7-B suppressed the growth of CLBL-1 tumors in an immunodeficient xenotransplant mouse model. Finally, a single administration of 4E1-7-B_f induced considerable peripheral B cell depletion in healthy beagles. Thus, 4E1-7-B_f is a good antibody drug candidate for canine B cell type lymphoma.
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20
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Giannuzzi D, Giudice L, Marconato L, Ferraresso S, Giugno R, Bertoni F, Aresu L. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, methylome and copy number aberrations data of marginal zone lymphoma and follicular lymphoma in dog. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:645-655. [PMID: 32154977 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) are classified as indolent B-cell lymphomas in dogs. Aside from the clinical and histopathological similarities with the human counterpart, the molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. We integrated transcriptome, genome-wide DNA methylation and copy number aberration analysis to provide insights on the pathogenesis of canine MZL (n = 5) and FL (n = 7), also comparing them with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Transcriptome profiling highlighted the presence of similar biological processes affecting both histotypes, including BCR and TLR signalling pathways. However, FLs showed an enrichment of E2F targets, whereas MZLs were characterized by MYC-driven transcriptional activation signatures. FLs showed a distinctive loss on chr1 containing CEACAM23 and 24, conversely MZLs presented multiple recurrent gains on chr13, where MYC is located. The distribution of methylation peaks was similar between the two histotypes. Integrating data from the three omics, FLs resulted clearly separated from MZLs and DLBCL dataset. MZLs showed the enrichment of FoxM1 network and TLR associated TICAM1-dependent IRFs activation pathway. However, no specific signatures differentiated MZLs from DLBCLs. In conclusion, our study presents the first comprehensive analysis of molecular and epigenetic pathogenesis of canine FL and MZL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Giudice
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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21
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Panjwani MK, Atherton MJ, MaloneyHuss MA, Haran KP, Xiong A, Gupta M, Kulikovsaya I, Lacey SF, Mason NJ. Establishing a model system for evaluating CAR T cell therapy using dogs with spontaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 9:1676615. [PMID: 32002286 PMCID: PMC6959441 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1676615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple rodent and primate preclinical studies have advanced CAR T cells into the clinic. However, no single model accurately reflects the challenges of effective CAR T therapy in human cancer patients. To evaluate the effectiveness of next-generation CAR T cells that aim to overcome barriers to durable tumor elimination, we developed a system to evaluate CAR T cells in pet dogs with spontaneous cancer. Here we report on this system and the results of a pilot trial using CAR T cells to treat canine diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We designed and manufactured CD20-targeting, second-generation canine CAR T cells for functional evaluation in vitro and in vivo using lentivectors to parallel human CAR T cell manufacturing. A first-in-species trial of five dogs with DLBCL treated with CAR T was undertaken. Canine CAR T cells functioned in an antigen-specific manner and killed CD20+ targets. Circulating CAR T cells were detectable post-infusion, however, induction of canine anti-mouse antibodies (CAMA) was associated with CAR T cell loss. Specific selection pressure on CD20+ tumors was observed following CAR T cell therapy, culminating in antigen escape and emergence of CD20-disease. Patient survival times correlated with ex vivo product expansion. Altering product manufacturing improved transduction efficiency and skewed toward a memory-like phenotype of canine CAR T cells. Manufacturing of functional canine CAR T cells using a lentivector is feasible. Comparable challenges to effective CAR T cell therapy exist, indicating their relevance in informing future human clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kazim Panjwani
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Atherton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martha A MaloneyHuss
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kumudhini P Haran
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ailian Xiong
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Minnal Gupta
- Translational and Correlative Studies Laboratory (TCSL), Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irina Kulikovsaya
- Translational and Correlative Studies Laboratory (TCSL), Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Translational and Correlative Studies Laboratory (TCSL), Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicola J Mason
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Cascione L, Giudice L, Ferraresso S, Marconato L, Giannuzzi D, Napoli S, Bertoni F, Giugno R, Aresu L. Long Non-Coding RNAs as Molecular Signatures for Canine B-Cell Lymphoma Characterization. Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:ncrna5030047. [PMID: 31546795 PMCID: PMC6789837 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) are the most common B-cell lymphomas (BCL) in dogs. Recent investigations have demonstrated overlaps of these histotypes with the human counterparts, including clinical presentation, biologic behavior, tumor genetics, and treatment response. The molecular mechanisms that underlie canine BCL are still unknown and new studies to improve diagnosis, therapy, and the utilization of canine species as spontaneous animal tumor models are undeniably needed. Recent work using human DLBCL transcriptomes has suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in lymphoma pathogenesis and pinpointed a restricted number of lncRNAs as potential targets for further studies. Results: To expand the knowledge of non-coding molecules involved in canine BCL, we used transcriptomes obtained from a cohort of 62 dogs with newly-diagnosed multicentric DLBCL, MZL and FL that had undergone complete staging work-up and were treated with chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy. We developed a customized R pipeline performing a transcriptome assembly by multiple algorithms to uncover novel lncRNAs, and delineate genome-wide expression of unannotated and annotated lncRNAs. Our pipeline also included a new package for high performance system biology analysis, which detects high-scoring network biological neighborhoods to identify functional modules. Moreover, our customized pipeline quantified the expression of novel and annotated lncRNAs, allowing us to subtype DLBCLs into two main groups. The DLBCL subtypes showed statistically different survivals, indicating the potential use of lncRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in future studies. Conclusions: In this manuscript, we describe the methodology used to identify lncRNAs that differentiate B-cell lymphoma subtypes and we interpreted the biological and clinical values of the results. We inferred the potential functions of lncRNAs to obtain a comprehensive and integrative insight that highlights their impact in this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cascione
- Institute of Oncology Research, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Giudice
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy.
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Laura Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, 40037 Sasso Marconi BO, Italy.
| | - Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Napoli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy.
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
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23
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Martini V, Aresu L, Riondato F, Marconato L, Cozzi M, Stefanello D, Comazzi S. Prognostic role of non-neoplastic lymphocytes in lymph node aspirates from dogs with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with chemo-immunotherapy. Res Vet Sci 2019; 125:130-135. [PMID: 31212200 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dogs with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) benefit from the addition of active immunotherapy to traditional chemotherapy. We hypothesized that immune cells within neoplastic lymph nodes (LNs) may play a role in the tumor pathobiology and treatment response. The present study describes the composition and prognostic role of non-neoplastic lymphocytes in LNs of 59 dogs with treatment-naive DLBCL receiving chemo-immunotherapy. The percentage of small non-neoplastic cells and of CD5+, CD21+, CD4+ and CD8+ small cells was recorded via flow cytometry. CD4+/CD8+ and CD5+/large CD21+ cell ratios were calculated. The likelihood of progression significantly diminished with increasing percentage of small cells, CD5+ and CD8+ small cells, and CD5+/large CD21+ cell ratio, with decreasing CD4+/CD8+ ratio and in non-anemic dogs. Active immunotherapy is more effective in dogs with higher percentage of non-neoplastic lymphocytes at diagnosis. We lay the ground for future studies assessing the role of the immune system in the pathobiology of canine DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Martini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Riondato
- Department of veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Laura Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, via san Lorenzo 1-4, 40037 Sasso Marconi, BO, Italy.
| | - Marzia Cozzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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24
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Aresu L, Buracco P, De Maria R, Iussich S, Martano M, Morello E, Bettini G, Comazzi S, Riondato F, Marconato L. The Italian-Canine Cancer Biobank: Our 10-year challenge. Hematol Oncol 2019; 37:314-315. [PMID: 30835862 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Aresu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Selina Iussich
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marina Martano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fulvio Riondato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
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25
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Establishment of a bioluminescent canine B-cell lymphoma xenograft model for monitoring tumor progression and treatment response in preclinical studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208147. [PMID: 30592723 PMCID: PMC6310248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common cancers in dogs which shares remarkable similarities with its human counterpart, making the dog an excellent model for the investigation of novel therapeutic agents. However, the integration of canine lymphoma in comparative studies has been limited due in part to the lack of suitable xenograft mouse models for preclinical studies. To overcome these limitations, we established and characterized a localized subcutaneous bioluminescent canine DLBCL xenograft mouse model. The canine CLBL-1 cell line stably expressing the luciferase and green fluorescent protein reporters was generated and used to establish the xenograft tumor model. A pilot study was first conducted with three different cell densities (0.1×106, 0.5×106 and 1×106 cells) in SCID mice. All mice presented homogeneous tumor induction within eight days after subcutaneous injection, with a 100% engraftment efficiency and no significant differences were observed among groups. The tumors were highly aggressive and localized at the site of inoculation and reproduced histological features and immunophenotype consistent with canine DLBCL. Importantly, xenograft tumors were detected and quantified by bioluminescent imaging. To assess response to therapy, a therapeutic study with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, panobinostat, was performed. The results demonstrated that panobinostat (20 mg/kg) efficiently inhibited tumor growth and that bioluminescent imaging allowed the monitorization and quantification of tumor response to therapy. In summary, this study provides a bioluminescence canine DLBCL model that offers high engraftment efficiency, preservation of tumor features, and noninvasive monitoring of tumor progression, validating the model as a promising preclinical tool for both veterinary and human medicine.
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26
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Aresu L, Ferraresso S, Marconato L, Cascione L, Napoli S, Gaudio E, Kwee I, Tarantelli C, Testa A, Maniaci C, Ciulli A, Hillmann P, Bohnacker T, Wymann MP, Comazzi S, Milan M, Riondato F, Rovere GD, Giantin M, Giannuzzi D, Bertoni F. New molecular and therapeutic insights into canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma elucidates the role of the dog as a model for human disease. Haematologica 2018; 104:e256-e259. [PMID: 30545928 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.207027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Aresu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Cascione
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Napoli
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Kwee
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Testa
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Maniaci
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Stefano Comazzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Milan
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Fulvio Riondato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Dalla Rovere
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Mery Giantin
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Diana Giannuzzi
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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27
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Da Ros S, Aresu L, Ferraresso S, Zorzan E, Gaudio E, Bertoni F, Dacasto M, Giantin M. Validation of epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression in canine B-cell lymphoma: An in vitro and in vivo approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208709. [PMID: 30533020 PMCID: PMC6289462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dog Diseases/genetics
- Dog Diseases/metabolism
- Dogs
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Lymph Nodes
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/veterinary
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Da Ros
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zorzan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mery Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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28
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Tagawa M, Kurashima C, Takagi S, Maekawa N, Konnai S, Shimbo G, Matsumoto K, Inokuma H, Kawamoto K, Miyahara K. Evaluation of costimulatory molecules in dogs with B cell high grade lymphoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201222. [PMID: 30040869 PMCID: PMC6057677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell high grade lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic malignancy in dogs. Although the immune checkpoint molecules, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been evaluated for the treatment of various human lymphoid malignancies, the expression of those molecules and their relationship with prognosis remain unknown in canine lymphoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of costimulatory molecules on peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, in addition to associated ligand expression in the lymph nodes of patients with B cell multicentric high grade lymphoma. Eighteen patients diagnosed with B cell high grade lymphoma and nine healthy control dogs were enrolled. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the expression of PD-1 on CD4+ peripheral and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and CTLA-4 on CD4+ peripheral lymphocytes was significantly higher in the lymphoma group than in the control group. The expression level of CD80 mRNA was significantly lower in the lymphoma group than in the control group. In contrast, there were no significant differences in PD-L1, PD-L2, and CD86 expression between the groups. Dogs with CTLA-4 levels below the cutoff values, which were determined based on receiver operating characteristic curves, on peripheral CD4+, CD8+, and tumor infiltrating CD4+ lymphocytes had significantly longer survival than dogs with values above the cutoff. Although it is uncertain whether the expression of immune checkpoint molecules affect the biological behavior of canine lymphoma, one possible explanation is that PD-1 and CTLA-4 might be associated with the suppression of antitumor immunity in dogs with B cell high grade lymphoma, particularly through CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Tagawa
- Veterinary Medical Center, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Chihiro Kurashima
- Veterinary Medical Center, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Genya Shimbo
- Veterinary Medical Center, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisashi Inokuma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keiko Kawamoto
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuro Miyahara
- Veterinary Medical Center, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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29
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Hume KR, Sylvester SR, Borlle L, Balkman CE, McCleary-Wheeler AL, Pulvino M, Casulo C, Zhao J. Metabolic Abnormalities Detected in Phase II Evaluation of Doxycycline in Dogs with Multicentric B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2018. [PMID: 29536017 PMCID: PMC5834767 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxycycline has antiproliferative effects in human lymphoma cells and in murine xenografts. We hypothesized that doxycycline would decrease canine lymphoma cell viability and prospectively evaluated its clinical tolerability in client-owned dogs with spontaneous, nodal, multicentric, substage a, B-cell lymphoma, not previously treated with chemotherapy. Treatment duration ranged from 1 to 8 weeks (median and mean, 3 weeks). Dogs were treated with either 10 (n = 6) or 7.5 (n = 7) mg/kg by mouth twice daily. One dog had a stable disease for 6 weeks. No complete or partial tumor responses were observed. Five dogs developed grade 3 and/or 4 metabolic abnormalities suggestive of hepatopathy with elevations in bilirubin, ALT, ALP, and/or AST. To evaluate the absorption of oral doxycycline in our study population, serum concentrations in 10 treated dogs were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Serum levels were variable and ranged from 3.6 to 16.6 µg/ml (median, 7.6 µg/ml; mean, 8.8 µg/ml). To evaluate the effect of doxycycline on canine lymphoma cell viability in vitro, trypan blue exclusion assay was performed on canine B-cell lymphoma cell lines (17-71 and CLBL) and primary B-cell lymphoma cells from the nodal tissue of four dogs. A doxycycline concentration of 6 µg/ml decreased canine lymphoma cell viability by 80%, compared to matched, untreated, control cells (mixed model analysis, p < 0.0001; Wilcoxon signed rank test, p = 0.0313). Although the short-term administration of oral doxycycline is not associated with the remission of canine lymphoma, combination therapy may be worthwhile if future research determines that doxycycline can alter cell survival pathways in canine lymphoma cells. Due to the potential for metabolic abnormalities, close monitoring is recommended with the use of this drug in tumor-bearing dogs. Additional research is needed to assess the tolerability of chronic doxycycline therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Hume
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Skylar R Sylvester
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lucia Borlle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Cheryl E Balkman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Angela L McCleary-Wheeler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Mary Pulvino
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Carla Casulo
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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30
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DNA methylation profiling reveals common signatures of tumorigenesis and defines epigenetic prognostic subtypes of canine Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11591. [PMID: 28912427 PMCID: PMC5599585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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31
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Villarnovo D, McCleary-Wheeler AL, Richards KL. Barking up the right tree: advancing our understanding and treatment of lymphoma with a spontaneous canine model. Curr Opin Hematol 2017; 24:359-366. [PMID: 28426554 PMCID: PMC5553274 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Spontaneous lymphoma in pet dogs is increasingly recognized as an ideal model for studying the disease in humans and for developing new targeted therapeutics for patients. Increasing interest by funding agencies, the private sector, and multidisciplinary academic collaborations between different disciplines and sectors now enables large knowledge gaps to be addressed and provides additional proof-of-concept examples to showcase the significance of the canine model. RECENT FINDINGS The current review addresses the rationale for a canine lymphoma model including the valuable role it can play in drug development, serving as a link between mouse xenograft models and human clinical trials and the infrastructure that is now in place to facilitate these studies. Research in this field has focused on filling in the gaps to make the canine lymphoma model more robust. These advances have included work on biomarkers, detection of minimal residual disease, expansion of genomic and proteomic data, and immunotherapy. SUMMARY Incorporating pet dogs into the drug development pipeline can improve the efficiency and predictability of preclinical models and decrease the time and cost required for a therapeutic target to be translated into clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Villarnovo
- aDepartment of Biomedical Sciences bDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca cSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center dDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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