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Alghamdi MA, Reda FM, Mahmoud HK, Bahshwan SMA, Salem HM, Alhazmi WA, Soror AFS, Mostafa NG, Attia S, Mohamed MDA, Saad AM, El-Tarabily KA, Abdelgeliel AS. The potential of Spirulina platensis to substitute antibiotics in Japanese quail diets: impacts on growth, carcass traits, antioxidant status, blood biochemical parameters, and cecal microorganisms. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103350. [PMID: 38262339 PMCID: PMC10831102 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms prompted the investigation of possible antibiotic substitutes. As a result, the purpose of the current study is to assess the effect of dietary Spirulina platensis extract as an antibiotic alternative on Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) growth, antioxidant status, blood parameters, and cecal microorganisms. There was a total of 150 Japanese quails used in this study, divided equally among 5 experimental groups (10 birds per group with 3 replicates): group 1 (G1) received a basal diet without any S. platensis extract, group 2 (G2) received a basal diet supplemented with 1 mL S. platensis extract/kg, group 3 (G3) received a basal diet supplemented with 2 mL S. platensis extract/kg, group 4 (G4) received a basal diet supplemented with 3 mL S. platensis extract/kg, and group 5 (G5) received a basal diet supplemented with 4 mL S. platensis extract/kg from d 7 until d 35. The results showed that compared to the control birds in G1, Japanese quail supplemented with 4 mL of S. platensis extract/kg of diet (G5) had significantly better live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, digestive enzymes, blood parameters, liver and kidney functions, lipid profile, antioxidant profile, immunological parameters, and cecal microorganism's count. There were no significant changes in the percentage of carcasses, liver, and total giblets among all the 5 groups. Only gizzard percentage showed a significant increase in G2 compared to birds in G1. In addition, intestinal pH showed a significant drop in G2 and G5 compared to birds in G1. After cooking the quail meat, the juiciness and tenderness increased as S. platensis extract levels increased, whereas aroma and taste declined slightly as S. platensis extract levels increased. Furthermore, when a high concentration of S. platensis extract was used, the lightness of the meat reduced while its redness and yellowness increased. The disk diffusion assay showed that S. platensis extract had significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, and Salmonella typhi, with inhibition zones ranging from 16 to 42 mm. This activity may be attributable to the volatile chemicals in S. platensis extract, of which Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol are the primary components. In the diet of Japanese quails, it is possible to draw the conclusion that the extract of S. platensis can be utilized as a feed additive and as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashail A Alghamdi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayiz M Reda
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hemat K Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Safia M A Bahshwan
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Ahmed Alhazmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abel-Fattah Salah Soror
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nadeen G Mostafa
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Sally Attia
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mazhar D A Mohamed
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Asmaa Sayed Abdelgeliel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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Wu D, Liang S, Du X, Xiao J, Feng H, Ren Z, Yang X, Yang X. Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation and fecal virome transplantation on LPS-induced intestinal injury in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103316. [PMID: 38128454 PMCID: PMC10776634 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The interesting roles and efficiencies of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have attracted considerable attention and have been gradually evidenced in specific animal models. While the growing evidence that bacteriophages play roles in FMT efficacy has attracted considerable interest. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of FMT and fecal virome transplantation (FVT) in improving inflammatory damage and ileal microbiota disorder in broilers. A total of 224 Arbor Acres broilers were selected at 1-day-old and randomly divided into the following 4 groups, with 56 broilers in each group: the CON group (the negative control group, sterile physiological saline injection + sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution gavage), LPS group (the positive control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection + sterile PBS solution gavage), LPS + FMT group (LPS injection + FMT solution gavage), LPS + FVT group (LPS injection + FVT solution gavage). The results showed that: LPS injection significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ (P < 0.05) and IL-8 (P < 0.001) in ileal mucosa of broilers at 11th day of age (D11), while LPS + FMT and LPS + FVT did not; LPS injection significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of ZO-1 in ileal mucosa at D11 (P < 0.01), while LPS + FMT and LPS + FVT did not; at D11, compare to CON group, LPS injection and LPS + FMT significantly increased the relative abundance of virulence factor Rab2 interacting conserved protein A-related genes in broiler ileum contents (P < 0.05), while LPS + FVT had no significant difference with CON group (P > 0.05); at D11, LPS injection significantly downregulated the biosynthesis of antibiotics pathway (P < 0.05) in the ileal contents, while LPS + FVT did not. In conclusion, both FMT and FVT could promote the recovery of inflammation caused by LPS. Furthermore, FVT had shown less disadvantage stimulation on the broilers and could reduce the risk of transmission of pathogenic genes, compared to FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Saisai Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jinhao Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hongyu Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zhouzheng Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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3
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Marmion M, Soro AB, Whyte P, Scannell AGM. A culture-based assessment of the microbiota of conventional and free-range chicken meat from Irish processing facilities. Food Microbiol 2023; 114:104306. [PMID: 37290880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chicken meat is the most popularly consumed meat worldwide, with free-range and ethically produced meat a growing market among consumers. However, poultry is frequently contaminated with spoilage microbes and zoonotic pathogens which impact the shelf-life and safety of the raw product, constituting a health risk to consumers. The free-range broiler microbiota is subject to various influences during rearing such as direct exposure to the external environment and wildlife which are not experienced during conventional rearing practices. Using culture-based microbiology approaches, this study aimed to determine whether there is a detectable difference in the microbiota from conventional and free-range broilers from selected Irish processing plants. This was done through analysis of the microbiological status of bone-in chicken thighs over the duration of the meat shelf-life. It was found that the shelf-life of these products was 10 days from arrival in the laboratory, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) evident between free-range and conventionally raised chicken meat. A significant difference, however, was established in the presence of pathogenesis-associated genera in different meat processors. These results reinforce past findings which indicate that the processing environment and storage during shelf-life are key determinants of the microflora of chicken products reaching the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marmion
- UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Ireland; UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
| | - A B Soro
- UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Ireland; Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15DY05, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, Ireland
| | - A G M Scannell
- UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Ireland; UCD Institute of Food and Health, Ireland; UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
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Kang X, Li XD, Luo CY, Xin WG, Zhou HY, Wang F, Lin LB. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lacticaseibacillus Chiayiensis AACE3 on Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Factors and Gut Microbiology in Nandan Yao Chicks. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1356. [PMID: 37760653 PMCID: PMC10525887 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing issue of antibiotic resistance has restrained the utilization of antibiotics as growth enhancers in the poultry industry. Probiotics are candidates for replacing antibiotics in the poultry industry. However, probiotics are strain-specific and their efficacy needs to be investigated before applying them. The aim of this study was to assess the positive effects of Lacticaseibacillus chiayiensis AACE3 on the health and gut microbiota of Nandan Yao chicks. The results showed that compared with the blank control (NC) and aureomycin (PC) groups, L. chiayiensis AACE3 increased final body weight (BW), villus height and improved the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in chicken jejunal tissues. L. chiayiensis AACE3 also increased the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and T-AOC) and reduced hepatic oxidative damage (MDA). Furthermore, compared to NC, L. chiayiensis AACE3, the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes (i.e., α-amylase, lipase and trypsin) was increased. L. chiayiensis AACE3 upregulated the production of IgA and IgG and downregulated the production of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in chicken serum. Moreover, supplementation of L. chiayiensis AACE3 enhances the diversity of gut microbes. At the phylum level, the abundance of Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria decreased with L. chiayiensis AACE3 supplementation, while the abundance of Verrucomicrobiota and Bacteroidetes increased. At the genus level, there was an increase in the abundance of potential probiotics Akkermansia, Romboutsia, Subdoligranulum, and Lactobacillus. This study confirms that L. chiayiensis AACE3 is an excellent feed additive as an alternative to aureomycin and offers various advantages for the healthy growth of chickens during the brooding period by positively affecting their gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Kang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xin-Dong Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wei-Gang Xin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huan-Yu Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lian-Bing Lin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, China
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Varriale L, Coretti L, Dipineto L, Green BD, Pace A, Lembo F, Menna LF, Fioretti A, Borrelli L. An Outdoor Access Period Improves Chicken Cecal Microbiota and Potentially Increases Micronutrient Biosynthesis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:904522. [PMID: 35909674 PMCID: PMC9330014 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.904522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the gut microbiota of free-range and alternative poultry production systems provides information, which can be used to improve poultry welfare, performance, and environmental sustainability. Gut microbiota influence not only the health and metabolism of the host but also the presence of zoonotic agents contaminating food of animal origin. In this study, the composition and diversity of the cecal microbiota community of free-range grown chickens were characterized by 16S rDNA high-throughput Illumina sequencing. Significant differences were observed in the composition of chicken cecal microbiota at the time points of 28 days of age (Indoor group) and 56 days of age (Outdoor group), i.e., before and after the outdoor access period of chicken groups. The Outdoor group showed a richer and more complex microbial community, characterized by the onset of new phyla such as Deferribacterota and Synergistota, while the Indoor group showed an increase in Campylobacterota. At the species level, it is noteworthy that the occurrence of Mucispirillum schaedleri in Outdoor group is known to potentially stimulate mucus layer formation in the distal intestinal tract, thus being associated with a healthy gut. We also report a significant decrease in the Outdoor group of Helicobacter pullorum, highlighting that the lower abundance at the age of slaughter reduced the possibility to contaminate chickens' carcasses and, consequently, its zoonotic potential. As revealed by a mutual exclusion study in network analysis, H. pullorum was present only if Bacteroides barnesiae, an uncultured organism of the genus Synergistes, and Bacteroides gallinaceum were absent. Finally, microbiome predictive analysis revealed an increase of vitamins and micronutrient biosyntheses such as queuosine (Q) and its precursor pre Q0, in the Outdoor group, suggesting that the outdoor evolved microbiota of chickens do contribute to the vitamin pool of the gut and the biosynthesis of micronutrients involved in vital cell processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Varriale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lorena Varriale
| | - Lorena Coretti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- TaskForce on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Lorena Coretti
| | - Ludovico Dipineto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- TaskForce on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Brian D. Green
- The Institute for Global Food Security, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Antonino Pace
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Lembo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- TaskForce on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Francesca Menna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Borrelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- TaskForce on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Luca Borrelli
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6
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Dai D, Qi GH, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qiu K, Wu SG. Intestinal microbiota of layer hens and its association with egg quality and safety. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102008. [PMID: 35841638 PMCID: PMC9289868 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has attracted tremendous attention in the field of the poultry industry due to its critical role in the modulation of nutrient utilization, immune system, and consequently the improvement of the host health and production performance. Accumulating evidence implies intestinal microbiota of laying hens is a potential mediator to improve the prevalent issues in terms of egg quality decline in the late phase of laying production. However, the regulatory effect of intestinal microbiota on egg quality in laying hens remains elusive, which requires consideration of microbial baseline composition and succession during their long lifespans. Notable, although Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria form the vast majority of intestinal microbiota in layer hens, dynamic intestinal microbiota succession occurs throughout all laying periods. In addition to the direct effects on egg safety, intestinal microbiota and its metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives, are suggested to indirectly modulate egg quality through the microbiota-gut-liver/brain-reproductive tract axis. These findings can extend our understanding of the crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and the host to improve egg quality and safety. This paper reviews the compositions of intestinal microbiota in different physiological stages of laying hens and their effects on egg quality and proposes that intestinal microbiota may become a potential target for modulating egg quality and safety by nutritional strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dai
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Ricke SC, Dittoe DK, Tarcin AA, Rothrock MJ. Communicating the Utility of the Microbiome and Bioinformatics to Small Flock Poultry Producers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101788. [PMID: 35346497 PMCID: PMC9079341 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of “omics” has become widespread across poultry production, from breeding to management to bird health to food safety and everywhere in between. While the conventional poultry industry has become more exposed to the power and utility of “omic” technologies, smaller poultry flock producers typically do not have this same level of experience. Because smaller, nonconventional poultry production is a growing portion of the overall poultry market, it is important that they also have educational access to these research tools and the resultant data. While small flock producers are dedicated and knowledgeable farmers, their knowledge of these newer technologies may be limited at best, and it is the task of academic researchers to communicate the importance of these “omic” tools and how the omic data can improve a variety of different aspects of their operations. This review discusses ways to effectively communicate complex microbiota and microbial genome sequence data to small flock producers and transforming this data into meaningful and applicable information that they can utilize to inform beneficial management decisions.
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Practical Opportunities for Microbiome Analyses and Bioinformatics in Poultry Processing. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101787. [PMID: 35346493 PMCID: PMC9079351 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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Olson EG, Dittoe DK, Jendza JA, Stock DA, Ricke SC. Application of Microbial Analyses to Feeds and Potential Implications for Poultry Nutrition. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101789. [PMID: 35346494 PMCID: PMC9079344 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Olson
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joshua A Jendza
- BASF Corporation, 100 Park Avenue, Florham Park, NJ 07932, USA
| | - David A Stock
- Biology Department, Stetson University, Deland, FL 32723, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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10
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Comizzoli P, Power ML, Bornbusch SL, Muletz-Wolz CR. Interactions between reproductive biology and microbiomes in wild animal species. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:87. [PMID: 34949226 PMCID: PMC8697499 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many parts of the animal body harbor microbial communities, known as animal-associated microbiomes, that affect the regulation of physiological functions. Studies in human and animal models have demonstrated that the reproductive biology and such microbiomes also interact. However, this concept is poorly studied in wild animal species and little is known about the implications to fertility, parental/offspring health, and survival in natural habitats. The objective of this review is to (1) specify the interactions between animals' reproductive biology, including reproductive signaling, pregnancy, and offspring development, and their microbiomes, with an emphasis on wild species and (2) identify important research gaps as well as areas for further studies. While microbiomes present in the reproductive tract play the most direct role, other bodily microbiomes may also contribute to facilitating reproduction. In fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, endogenous processes related to the host physiology and behavior (visual and olfactory reproductive signals, copulation) can both influence and be influenced by the structure and function of microbial communities. In addition, exposures to maternal microbiomes in mammals (through vagina, skin, and milk) shape the offspring microbiomes, which, in turn, affects health later in life. Importantly, for all wild animal species, host-associated microbiomes are also influenced by environmental variations. There is still limited literature on wild animals compared to the large body of research on model species and humans. However, the few studies in wild species clearly highlight the necessity of increased research in rare and endangered animals to optimize conservation efforts in situ and ex situ. Thus, the link between microbiomes and reproduction is an emerging and critical component in wild animal conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Veterinary Hospital MRC5502, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA
| | - Michael L. Power
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Veterinary Hospital MRC5502, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA
| | - Sally L. Bornbusch
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Veterinary Hospital MRC5502, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA
| | - Carly R. Muletz-Wolz
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Veterinary Hospital MRC5502, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA
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11
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Rothrock MJ, Guard JY, Oladeinde A. Salmonella Diversity Along the Farm-to-Fork Continuum of Pastured Poultry Flocks in the Southeastern United States. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.761930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater consumer demand for all natural, antibiotic-free poultry products has led to an increase in pastured poultry operations. Given the increased level of environmental interaction, and the potential increase in exposure to foodborne pathogens, a greater understanding of the prevalence and diversity of Salmonella populations inherent within pastured poultry flocks. To achieve this, 42 pastured poultry flocks from 11 farms were sampled using a farm-to-fork strategy and Salmonella was isolated and characterized through pre-harvest (feces, soil) to post-harvest (ceca, whole carcass rinse) to the final product (whole carcass rinse) the consumer would purchase. Salmonella was isolated from 353 of a total of 2,305 samples, representing an overall prevalence of 18.1%. By far the most prevalent serotype was Kentucky (72.7% of all isolates), with <16% of all Salmonella representing a top serotype of concern for human health according to the CDC. Even though these flocks were raised antibiotic-free, Salmonella isolates exhibited resistances to a variety of antibiotics, with the two most common resistances being toward tetracycline and streptomycin (68.8 and 64.4% of all isolates, respectively); however, almost 98% of the multidrug resistant isolates were serotype Kentucky. Salmonella prevalence and diversity (both in terms of serotypes and antibiotic resistance profiles) were related more to the farm location than to the type of sample from which the Salmonella was isolated from along the farm-to-fork continuum. Based on these data, while Salmonella prevalence was similar to that from conventional poultry operations, serotypes of lesser concern to human health (Kentucky, Indiana) tended to fill the ecological niche for Salmonella species throughout the farm-to-fork continuum in these pastured poultry flocks. The diversity of these Salmonella populations tended to be farm specific, indicating the need for more tailored intervention strategies to continue to enhance the safety of these products.
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12
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Islam MR, Martinez-Soto CE, Lin JT, Khursigara CM, Barbut S, Anany H. A systematic review from basics to omics on bacteriophage applications in poultry production and processing. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-33. [PMID: 34609270 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1984200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing human population is currently facing an unprecedented challenge on global food production and sustainability. Despite recognizing poultry as one of the most successful and rapidly growing food industries to address this challenge; poultry health and safety remain major issues that entail immediate attention. Bacterial diseases including colibacillosis, salmonellosis, and necrotic enteritis have become increasingly prevalent during poultry production. Likewise, outbreaks caused by consumption of undercooked poultry products contaminated with zoonotic bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria, are a serious public health concern. With antimicrobial resistance problem and restricted use of antibiotics in food producing animals, bacteriophages are increasingly recognized as an attractive natural antibacterial alternative. Bacteriophages have recently shown promising results to treat diseases in poultry, reduce contamination of carcasses, and enhance the safety of poultry products. Omics technologies have been successfully employed to accurately characterize bacteriophages and their genes/proteins important for interaction with bacterial hosts. In this review, the potential of using lytic bacteriophages to mitigate the risk of major poultry-associated bacterial pathogens are explored. This study also explores challenges associated with the adoption of this technology by industries. Furthermore, the impact of omics approaches on studying bacteriophages, their host interaction and applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedul Islam
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos E Martinez-Soto
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet T Lin
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cezar M Khursigara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shai Barbut
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hany Anany
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Abstract
Alternative poultry production systems continue to expand as markets for organic and naturally produced poultry meat and egg products increase. However, these production systems represent challenges associated with variable environmental conditions and exposure to foodborne pathogens. Consequently, there is a need to introduce feed additives that can support bird health and performance. There are several candidate feed additives with potential applications in alternative poultry production systems. Prebiotic compounds selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gastrointestinal microorganisms leading to improved health of the host and limiting the establishment of foodborne pathogens. The shift in the gastrointestinal microbiota and modulation of fermentation can inhibit the establishment of foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter and Salmonella. Both current and potential applications of prebiotics in alternative poultry production systems will be discussed in this review. Different sources and types of prebiotics that could be developed for alternative poultry production will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
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14
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Jeni RE, Dittoe DK, Olson EG, Lourenco J, Seidel DS, Ricke SC, Callaway TR. An overview of health challenges in alternative poultry production systems. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101173. [PMID: 34058563 PMCID: PMC8170424 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to consumer demand and changing welfare standards on health, ecology, equity, and safety concepts, poultry production has changed markedly over the past 20 y. One of the greatest changes to poultry production standards is now offering poultry limited access to the outdoors in alternative and organic poultry production operations. Although operations allowing access to the outdoors are still only a small portion of commercial poultry production, it may impact the gastrointestinal (GIT) health of the bird in different ways than birds raised under conventional management systems. The present review describes current research results in alternative systems by identifying how different poultry production operations (diet, environmental disruptive factors, diseases) impact the ecology and health of the GIT. Various research efforts will be discussed that illustrate the nutritional value of free-range forages and how forages could be beneficial to animal health and production of both meat and eggs. The review also highlights the need for potential interventions to limit diseases without using antibiotics. These alternatives could enhance both economics and sustainability in organic and free-range poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim El Jeni
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Elena G Olson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Jeferson Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Darren S Seidel
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Todd R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
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15
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The changing microbiome of poultry meat; from farm to fridge. Food Microbiol 2021; 99:103823. [PMID: 34119108 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chickens play host to a diverse community of microorganisms which constitute the microflora of the live bird. Factors such as diet, genetics and immune system activity affect this complex population within the bird, while external influences including weather and exposure to other animals alter the development of the microbiome. Bacteria from these settings including Campylobacter and Salmonella play an important role in the quality and safety of end-products from these birds. Further steps, including washing and chilling, within the production cycle aim to control the proliferation of these microbes as well as those which cause product spoilage. These steps impose specific selective pressures upon the microflora of the meat product. Within the next decade, it is forecast that poultry meat, particularly chicken will become the most consumed meat globally. However, as poultry meat is a frequently cited reservoir of zoonotic disease, understanding the development of its microflora is key to controlling the proliferation of important spoilage and pathogenic bacterial groups present on the bird. Whilst several excellent reviews exist detailing the microbiome of poultry during primary production, others focus on fate of important poultry pathogens such as Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. At farm and retail level, and yet others describe the evolution of spoilage microbes during spoilage. This review seeks to provide the poultry industry and research scientists unfamiliar with food technology process with a holistic overview of the key changes to the microflora of broiler chickens at each stage of the production and retail cycle.
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16
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Jeni RE, Dittoe DK, Olson EG, Lourenco J, Corcionivoschi N, Ricke SC, Callaway TR. Probiotics and potential applications for alternative poultry production systems. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101156. [PMID: 34077849 PMCID: PMC8181177 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns over animal welfare continue to be a critical component of law and policies associated with commercial food animal production. Social and market pressures are the driving forces behind the legislation and result in the change of poultry production management systems. As a result, the movement toward cage-free and aviary-based egg production systems has become standard practices. Cage-based systems being replaced by alternative methods that offer a suitable housing environment to meet or exceed poultry welfare needs and require different management, including the ban of antibiotics in poultry diets. For broiler production, pasture- raised and free-range management systems have become more popular. However, challenges remain from exposure to disease-causing organisms and foodborne pathogens in these environments. Consequently, probiotics can be supplemented in poultry diets as commercial feed additives. The present review discusses the impacts of these probiotics on the performance of alternative poultry production systems for improving food safety and poultry health by mitigating pathogenic organisms and improving egg and meat quality and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim El Jeni
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elena G Olson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeferson Lourenco
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Todd R Callaway
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania.
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17
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Pavez-Muñoz E, González C, Fernández-Sanhueza B, Sánchez F, Escobar B, Ramos R, Fuenzalida V, Galarce N, Arriagada G, Neira V, Muñoz-Aguayo J, Flores-Figueroa C, Johnson TJ, Alegría-Morán R. Antimicrobial Usage Factors and Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Backyard Production Systems From Central Chile. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:595149. [PMID: 33521079 PMCID: PMC7844202 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.595149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathogen and important cause of foodborne disease worldwide. Many animal species in backyard production systems (BPS) harbor STEC, systems characterized by low biosecurity and technification. No information is reported on STEC circulation, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and potential drivers of antimicrobial usage in Chilean BPS, increasing the risk of maintenance and transmission of zoonotic pathogens and AMR generation. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize phenotypic and genotypic AMR and to study the epidemiology of STEC isolated in BPS from Metropolitana region, Chile. A total of 85 BPS were sampled. Minimal inhibitory concentration and whole genome sequencing was assessed in 10 STEC strain isolated from BPS. All strains were cephalexin-resistant (100%, n = 10), and five strains were resistant to chloramphenicol (50%). The most frequent serotype was O113:H21 (40%), followed by O76:H19 (40%), O91:H14 (10%), and O130:H11 (10%). The stx1 type was detected in all isolated strains, while stx2 was only detected in two strains. The Stx subtype most frequently detected was stx1c (80%), followed by stx1a (20%), stx2b (10%), and stx2d (10%). All strains harbored chromosomal blaAmpC. Principal component analysis shows that BPS size, number of cattle, pet and horse, and elevation act as driver of antimicrobial usage. Logistic multivariable regression shows that recognition of diseases in animals (p = 0.038; OR = 9.382; 95% CI: 1.138–77.345), neighboring poultry and/or swine BPS (p = 0.006; OR = 10.564; 95% CI: 1.996–55.894), visit of Veterinary Officials (p = 0.010; OR = 76.178; 95% CI: 2.860–2029.315) and close contact between animal species in the BPS (p = 0.021; OR = 9.030; 95% CI: 1.385–58.888) increase significantly the risk of antimicrobial use in BPS. This is the first evidence of STEC strains circulating in BPS in Chile, exhibiting phenotypic AMR, representing a threat for animal and public health. Additionally, we identified factors acting as drivers for antimicrobial usage in BPS, highlighting the importance of integration of these populations into surveillance and education programs to tackle the potential development of antimicrobial resistance and therefore the risk for ecosystemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pavez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo González
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián Fernández-Sanhueza
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Sánchez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina Ramos
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Fuenzalida
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Galarce
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Arriagada
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales-ICA3, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Víctor Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jeannette Muñoz-Aguayo
- Mid-Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Cristian Flores-Figueroa
- Mid-Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Timothy J Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Raúl Alegría-Morán
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Pedro de Valdivia, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Feye KM, Thompson DR, Rothrock MJ, Kogut MH, Ricke SC. Poultry processing and the application of microbiome mapping. Poult Sci 2020; 99:678-688. [PMID: 32029154 PMCID: PMC7587767 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken is globally one of the most popular food animals. However, it is also one of the major reservoirs for foodborne pathogens, annually resulting in continued morbidity and mortality incidences worldwide. In an effort to reduce the threat of foodborne disease, the poultry industry has implemented a multifaceted antimicrobial program that incorporates not only chemical compounds, but also extensive amounts of water application and pathogen monitoring. Unfortunately, the pathogen detection methods currently used by the poultry industry lack speed, relying on microbiological plate methods and molecular detection systems that take time and lack precision. In many cases, the time to data acquisition can take 12 to 24 h. This is problematic if shorter-term answers are required which is becoming more likely as the public demand for chicken meat is only increasing, leading to new pressures to increase line speed. Therefore, new innovations in detection methods must occur to mitigate the risk of foodborne pathogens that could result from faster slaughter and processing speeds. Future technology will have 2 tracks: rapid methods that are meant to detect pathogens and indicator organisms within a few hours, and long-term methods that use microbiome mapping to evaluate sanitation and antimicrobial efficacy. Together, these methods will provide rapid, comprehensive data capable of being applied in both risk-assessment algorithms and used by management to safeguard the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Feye
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, TX 30605
| | - D R Thompson
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
| | - M J Rothrock
- US National Poultry Research Center, Egg Safety and Quality Research, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605
| | - M H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, TX 30605
| | - S C Ricke
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704.
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19
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Ricke SC, Rothrock MJ. Gastrointestinal microbiomes of broilers and layer hens in alternative production systems. Poult Sci 2020; 99:660-669. [PMID: 32029152 PMCID: PMC7587794 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative poultry production systems consisting of free-range or pasture flock raised poultry continues to increase in popularity. Based on the perceived benefits of poultry products generated from these alternative poultry production systems, they have commercial appeal to consumers. Several factors impact the health and well being of birds raised and maintained in these types of production systems. Exposure to foodborne pathogens and potential for colonization in the gastrointestinal tract has to be considered with these types of production systems. The gastrointestinal tract microbial composition and function of birds grown and maintained in alternative poultry operations may differ depending on diets, breed, and age of bird. Dietary variety and foraging behavior are potential influential factors on bird nutrition. The gastrointestinal tract microbiomes of birds raised under alternative poultry production systems are now being characterized with next-generation sequencing to identify individual microbial members and assess the impact of different factors on the diversity of microbial populations. In this review, the gastrointestinal tract microbiota contributions to free-range or pasture-raised broiler and egg layer production systems, subsequent applications, and potential future directions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Ricke
- Center for Food Safety and Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704.
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety & Quality Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens 30605, GA
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20
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Diaz Carrasco JM, Casanova NA, Fernández Miyakawa ME. Microbiota, Gut Health and Chicken Productivity: What Is the Connection? Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100374. [PMID: 31547108 PMCID: PMC6843312 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and its relationship to animal health and productivity in commercial broiler chickens has been difficult to establish due to high variability between flocks, which derives from plenty of environmental, nutritional, and host factors that influence the load of commensal and pathogenic microbes surrounding birds during their growth cycle in the farms. Chicken gut microbiota plays a key role in the maintenance of intestinal health through its ability to modulate host physiological functions required to maintain intestinal homeostasis, mainly through competitive exclusion of detrimental microorganisms and pathogens, preventing colonization and therefore decreasing the expense of energy that birds normally invest in keeping the immune system active against these pathogens. Therefore, a “healthy” intestinal microbiota implies energy saving for the host which translates into an improvement in productive performance of the birds. This review compiles information about the main factors that shape the process of gut microbiota acquisition and maturation, their interactions with chicken immune homeostasis, and the outcome of these interactions on intestinal health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Diaz Carrasco
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Calle Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, Casilla de Correo 25, 1712 Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Natalia A Casanova
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Calle Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, Casilla de Correo 25, 1712 Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariano E Fernández Miyakawa
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Calle Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, Casilla de Correo 25, 1712 Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Crippen TL, Sheffield CL, Singh B, Byrd JA, Beier RC. How Management Practices Within a Poultry House During Successive Flock Rotations Change the Structure of the Soil Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2100. [PMID: 31572320 PMCID: PMC6753631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome within a poultry production house influences the attainment of physiologically strong birds and thus food safety and public health. Yet little is known about the microbial communities within the house and the effects on the soil microbes onto which the houses are placed; nor the effects of management practices on their equilibrium. This study looked at the soil bacterial microbiome before a broiler house was constructed, then through 11 flock rotations (2.5 years) that included a partial clean-out and a total clean-out within the management regimen. Major shifts were observed, occurring at the taxonomic class level, related to the introduction of bedding and birds on top of the soil. The partial clean-out of litter did not change the soil bacterial community in any substantial way, only prompting a temporary increase in some genera; however, the total litter clean-out caused a major increase in a cohort of Actinobacteria. The underlying soil contained bacteria beneficial for poultry metabolism, such as Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Bacteriodes, and Ruminococcus. Additionally, management practices affected the class structure of the soil bacterial community beneath the poultry house. The scheduling of these practices should be leveraged to exploit maintenance of beneficial bacteria that maximize microbiome contributions to bird production processes, while minimizing possible antibiotic-resistant bacteria and environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawni L. Crippen
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Cynthia L. Sheffield
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Baneshwar Singh
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - J. Allen Byrd
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ross C. Beier
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, United States
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