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Alderey AAA, El-Kassas NEM, Hussein EA, Farag SA, Hassan AA, Atia SES, Gomaa MHA, El-Hadad ES, Abu Hafsa SH. Impacts of enzymes and probiotic in improving the utilization of sieved olive pulp meal in growing rabbit diets. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11:161-170. [PMID: 38680804 PMCID: PMC11055591 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2024.k761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This research assesses the utilization of sieved olive pulp (SOP) in the diet of growing rabbits through the use of an exogenous enzyme or dry yeast as a pretreatment. Materials and Methods One hundred sixty-eight male V-Line rabbits aged 5 weeks (weighing 550 ± 25 gm) were randomly divided into seven groups with eight replicates each as follows: the control group was fed a basal diet without supplementation; while the other six groups were fed basal diets containing 20% and 25% of SOP and supplemented with 0.1 gm/kg Econase (E), 0.5 gm/kg dry yeast (Y), and a combination of both. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Results The results indicated that supplementation of E, Y, and EY into rabbit diets containing SOP improved live body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and nutrient digestibility. A higher dressing percentage was observed in the groups fed a 20% and 25% SOP diet supplemented with EY (p < 0.05). The treated groups showed an increase in total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05), while there was a significant decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Rabbit groups fed an SOP diet supplemented with E, Y, or EY demonstrated higher (p < 0.05) economic efficiency compared to the control. Conclusion Supplementing the diet of rabbits containing SOP with exogenous enzymes and/or dry yeast enhances the nutritional value of SOP while improving rabbit performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd-Alfattah A Alderey
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nabila E M El-Kassas
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman A Hussein
- Department of Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Soha A Farag
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Safaa E S Atia
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Manal H A Gomaa
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman S El-Hadad
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salma H Abu Hafsa
- Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Serra A, Foggi G, Buccioni A, Amarie RE, Tinagli S, Scicutella F, Casarosa L, Secci G, Mantino A, Mele M, Mannelli F. Dietary supplementation with natural antioxidants: assessment of growth performance and meat quality in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103421. [PMID: 38244263 PMCID: PMC10831253 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to air and light lowers the meat quality of chickens, which is mainly determined by the color alteration and accumulation of detrimental products from lipid oxidation. This study tests the effects of 2 supplements rich in polyphenols, Oxilem (OX) and OxiGem (OG), on broiler Ross 308 performance and meat quality in comparison to a control group (C). A total of 105 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were allocated to 21 pens and randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatments. The trial lasted 42 d. Individual live weight and feed intake per pen were recorded. Proximate analysis, color, cholesterol content and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs), fatty acids (FAs), volatile aldehydes profile, and secondary oxidation products of meat FAs were determined, with analyses for detecting oxidative alterations conducted on breast burgers preserved for 7 d at 4°C. Birds fed OG grew 7 g/d more than those receiving OX, reaching a higher final weight. After slaughtering, meat from the OX group had a higher yellow index compared to C. After 7 d of air and light exposure, the influence on the color parameters of the OG and OX burgers was significantly less pronounced than that of C. Secondary oxidation products of the FAs of the burgers were not significantly affected by the diet regimens. In addition, OX and OG burgers exhibited lower amounts of volatile aldehydes, triol and COPs. These results confirm the effectiveness of OX and OG supplementation against lipid oxidation at the inclusion level used in this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Serra
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Foggi
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; Multidisciplinary Centre of Reseacrh on Food Science, Univeristy of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Roxana E Amarie
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Tinagli
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Scicutella
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; Multidisciplinary Centre of Reseacrh on Food Science, Univeristy of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Casarosa
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Secci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; Multidisciplinary Centre of Reseacrh on Food Science, Univeristy of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantino
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Department of Agricuture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; Multidisciplinary Centre of Reseacrh on Food Science, Univeristy of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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3
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Mahasneh ZMH, Abdelnour S, Ebrahim A, Almasodi AGS, Moustafa M, Alshaharni MO, Algopish U, Tellez-Isaias G, Abd El-Hack ME. Olive oil and its derivatives for promoting performance, health, and struggling thermal stress effects on broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103348. [PMID: 38150829 PMCID: PMC10788279 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive oil (OL) production is the most significant agro-industrial business and has a high impact on the economy of numerous Mediterranean countries. However, OL extraction results in massive amounts of byproducts, including a solid residue (olive cake or olive pomace) and an aqueous stage (olive mill wastewater), which have serious environmental effects due to their hazardous nature and excessive organic content. Despite these byproducts causing environmental pollution, they can be applied for animal feeding. According to the literature, OL or its derivatives have been used to promote broiler performance, feed utilization, and health status in broilers as growth promoters or protein sources. Furthermore, using OL and its derivatives could improve heat resistance in stressed broilers via struggling thermal stress effects. In this framework, we highlighted the use of OL and its byproducts in broiler feeding to promote performance and health status. Additionally, the role of these byproducts and OL in combating thermal stress is investigated for sustainable strategy and promoting circular economy in broiler industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab M H Mahasneh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Sameh Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Alia Ebrahim
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Abeer G S Almasodi
- Food Science Department, College of Science, Taif University, Branch of the College at Turbah, Turbah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed O Alshaharni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Uthman Algopish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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4
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Yi W, Huang Q, Liu Y, Fu S, Shan T. Effects of dietary multienzymes on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility, excreta noxious gas emission, and nutrient transporter gene expression in white feather broilers. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae133. [PMID: 38733150 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adding multienzymes to poultry feed rations is recognized as a nutritional strategy aimed at improving poultry performance and health status. Nonetheless, some literatures present an ongoing debate about the extent of multienzymes beneficial impact on poultry growth performance. This study aimed to explore the impacts of dietary multienzyme supplementation on broilers, focusing specifically on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent nutrient digestibility, excreta noxious gas emission, and intestinal nutrient transporter gene expression. A total of 3,200 broilers were randomly assigned to five groups (eight replicates per treatment group) and treated with the following: normal control (CON), CON + 100 g/t multienzyme (ME100), CON + 150 g/t multienzyme (ME150), CON + 200 g/t multienzyme (ME200), and CON + 250 g/t multienzyme (ME250). Supplementing with multienzymes significantly influenced the feed conversion rate (linear, P = 0.007; quadratic, P = 0.024) and the European broiler index (linear, P = 0.004; quadratic, P = 0.016) in broilers. Dietary multienzymes significantly influenced apparent metabolizable energy (quadratic, P = 0.015) and neutral detergent fiber (quadratic, P < 0.001). Moreover, multienzyme supplementation in the diet also decreased the emission of ammonia (linear, P = 0.001; quadratic, P = 0.006) and hydrogen sulfide (quadratic, P = 0.006) in the excreta. In addition, dietary multi-enzyme notably elevated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of nutrient transporter genes, including peptide transporter 1 (PePT1), Na-dependent neutral amino acid transporter (B0AT), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and fatty acid binding protein1 (FABP1). These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with multienzymes can improve the efficiency of feed utilization, and the digestion and absorption of nutrients and reduce excreta gas emission. Furthermore, this study provides a theoretical basis for advancing the use of multienzymes in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhou Yi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qixin Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Jinan Bestzyme Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Shijun Fu
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Dias KMM, Oliveira CH, Calderano AA, Rostagno HS, O’Connor KE, Davis R, Walsh M, Britton J, Altieri EA, Albino LFT. Effects of Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation on Performance, Fat and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:119. [PMID: 38200849 PMCID: PMC10778069 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on performance, fat, and blood parameters of broilers. In total, 960 male chicks were distributed into four treatments groups with 12 replicates with 20 birds per pen, with varying HT levels (0, 5, 10, and 50 mg/kg of feed) added to the basal diet from 1 to 42 days old. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. Enzymes related to liver injury were evaluated in blood. Fatty acid profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were determined in the breast meat. Dietary supplementation of HT did not improve broilers' performance (p > 0.05). Birds fed 50 mg HT/kg had lower AST, ALT, and GGT concentrations (p ≤ 0.05), whereas broilers fed 5, 10, and 50 mg HT/kg, had lower TBIL concentrations (p ≤ 0.05). Breast meat of broilers fed 50 mg HT/kg had lower lipid content, saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acids, MDA concentrations (p ≤ 0.05), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.0001). In summary, supplementation of 5, 10, and 50 mg HT/kg does not improve the performance of broilers, but the dose of 50 mg HT/kg helps the liver against inflammation and improves fat parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. M. Dias
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
| | - Carlos H. Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
| | - Arele A. Calderano
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
| | - Horacio S. Rostagno
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
| | - Kevin E. O’Connor
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Reeta Davis
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Meg Walsh
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - James Britton
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Enrico A. Altieri
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Luiz F. T. Albino
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
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6
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Zhu X, Gao K, Qi Y, Yang G, Liu H. Enzymolytic soybean meal improves growth performance, economic efficiency and organ development associated with cecal fermentation and microbiota in broilers offered low crude protein diets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1293314. [PMID: 38046570 PMCID: PMC10693456 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1293314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of low crude protein (CP) diets containing increasing amounts of enzymolytic soybean meal (ESBM) on growth performance, economic benefit and organ development and the role of cecal fermentation and microbiota in broilers. A total of 360 one-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were randomly allocated into 6 groups with 6 replicates and 10 chicks each. The six dietary treatments consisted of a standard high-CP diet (PC), a low-CP diet (NC), and an NC diet with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%, or 2.0% ESBM. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Compared to PC, NC showed decreased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) in broilers from 22 to 42 days and from 1 to 42 days, while increasing levels of ESBM quadratically increased (p < 0.05) ADG from 1 to 42 days. Feed cost and total revenue in the NC were lower (p < 0.05) than that in the PC, while supplementation with ESBM in the NC linearly increased (p < 0.05) net profit and economic efficiency in broilers. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the liver, proventriculus and gizzard indices between the PC and NC groups, and supplementation with ESBM linearly increased (p < 0.05) the relative weights of liver, pancreas, proventriculus and gizzard in broilers at 42 days of age. The PC group had a higher cecal acetic acid concentration at 21 days and propionic acid concentration at both 21 and 42 days than the NC group (p < 0.05). Cecal acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing levels of ESBM in broilers at 42 days of age. No significant differences in ACE, Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indices were observed among groups (p > 0.05), while the cecal abundances of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium and Clostridium IV increased (p < 0.05) with the increasing level of ESBM in the low-CP diets. In conclusion, feeding ESBM improved economic efficiency, digestive organ development, cecal fermentation and microbial community composition, and up to 2.0% ESBM addition had no negative effect on the growth performance in broilers fed low CP diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haiying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Qaid MM, Al-Mufarrej SI, Al-Garadi MA, Al-Haidary AA. Effects of Rumex nervosus leaf powder supplementation on carcasses compositions, small intestine dimensions, breasts color quality, economic feasibility in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102943. [PMID: 37523995 PMCID: PMC10403739 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcass characteristics, product quality, and the conversion of feed into meat with higher performance and feasibility are important determinants of the profitability and sustainability of any poultry enterprise. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effect of Rumex nervosus leaf powder (RNLP) on carcass composition, small intestine dimensions, breast color quality, and economic feasibility of Ross broiler chickens. A total of 122 broilers were randomly distributed evenly among 4 treatments (0, 1, 3, and 5 g RNLP/ kg diet, n = 5 replicates per treatment, with 6 broilers per replicate: 3 ♀ and 3 ♂). Performance and economic data were collected in each replicate during the experiment. One male bird from each replication was examined for other criteria on d 34. Results showed that broilers fed 3 g of RNLP had a higher eviscerated carcass weight and dressing percentage (P < 0.05) than the control. The RNLP-fed broilers had higher weights and thicknesses in the duodenum and jejunum of up to 5 g and in the ileum and overall small intestine of up to 3 g. Broilers fed the lowest levels of RNLP had the highest revenue and net gain and the lowest cost-benefit ratio compared with those fed the highest levels of RNLP. The results indicate that the addition of RNLP has a positive effect on carcass processing, the intestinal measurements, and profitability ratios of the broilers. The 1 g RNLP/kg feed is the recommended dose to increase productivity and economic profitability ratios per kilogram of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Qaid
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud I Al-Mufarrej
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Haidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Ibrahim D, El-sayed HI, Mahmoud ER, El-Rahman GIA, Bazeed SM, Abdelwarith AA, Elgamal A, Khalil SS, Younis EM, Kishawy ATY, Davies SJ, Metwally AE. Impacts of Solid-State Fermented Barley with Fibrolytic Exogenous Enzymes on Feed Utilization, and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens. Vet Sci 2023; 10:594. [PMID: 37888546 PMCID: PMC10611247 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present and future high demand of common cereals as corn and wheat encourage the development of feed processing technology that allows for the dietary inclusion of other cereals of low nutritional value in poultry feeding. Barley grains contain anti-nutritional factors that limit their dietary inclusion in the poultry industry. The treatment of barley with solid-state fermentation and exogenous enzymes (FBEs) provides a good alternative to common cereals. In this study, barley grains were subjected to solid-state microbial fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. This study aimed to assess the impact of FBEs on growth, feed utilization efficiency, immune modulation, antioxidant status and the expression of intestinal barrier and nutrient transporter-related genes. One-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308, n = 400) comprised four representative groups with ten replicates (10 chicks/replicate) and were fed corn-soybean meal basal diets with inclusions of FBEs at 0, 5, 10 and 15% for 38 days. Solid-state fermentation of barley grains with fibrolytic enzymes increased protein content, lowered crude fiber and reduced sugars compared to non-fermented barley gains. In consequence, the group fed FBEs10% had the superior feed utilization efficiency and body weight gain (increased by 4.7%) with higher levels of nutrient metabolizability, pancreatic digestive enzyme activities and low digesta viscosity. Notably, the group fed FBEs10% showed an increased villi height and a decreased crypt depth with a remarkable hyperactivity of duodenal glands. In addition, higher inclusion levels of FBEs boosted serum immune-related parameters and intestinal and breast muscle antioxidants status. Intestinal nutrient transporters encoding genes (GLUT-1, CAAT-1, LAT1 and PepT-1) and intestinal barriers encoding genes (MUC-2, JAM-2, occludin, claudins-1 and β-defensin 1) were upregulated with higher dietary FBEs levels. In conclusion, feeding on FBEs10% positively enhanced broiler chickens' performance, feed efficiency and antioxidant status, and boosted intestinal barrier nutrient transporters encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hassainen I. El-sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Elsabbagh R. Mahmoud
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Shefaa M. Bazeed
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo P.O. Box 4942301, Egypt;
| | - Abdelwahab A. Abdelwarith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.M.Y.)
| | - Aya Elgamal
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo P.O. Box 4942301, Egypt;
| | - Samah S. Khalil
- Department of biochemistry, drug information center, Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig University, Zagazig P.O. Box 44511, Egypt;
| | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.M.Y.)
| | - Asmaa T. Y. Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Simon J. Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91 V8Y1 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Abdallah E. Metwally
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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9
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Alhawas B, Abd El-Hamid MI, Hassan Z, Ibrahim GA, Neamat-Allah ANF, Rizk El-Ghareeb W, Alahmad BAHY, Meligy AMA, Abdel-Raheem SM, Abdel-Moez Ahmed Ismail H, Ibrahim D. Curcumin loaded liposome formulation: Enhanced efficacy on performance, flesh quality, immune response with defense against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108776. [PMID: 37182798 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Application of novel trend comprising antioxidant phytogenics is aiming to minimize the stress related factors and associated diseases in intensive fish culturing. Today, the concept of exploiting and protecting natural antioxidants represents a paradigm shift for the aqua feed industry. Therefore, our principal goal targeting liposome as a novel nanocarrier for curcumin is directed to attain superior performance, fillet antioxidant stability and bacterial resistance in Nile tilapia. A total of 500 Nile tilapia fingerlings (average body weight, 10.27 ± 0.10 g) assigned into five experimental groups in 25 glass aquaria of 120 L capacity at the density 20 fish/aquaria. The experimental groups were supplemented with varying doses of liposomal curcumin-NPs, LipoCur-NPs (0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 mg/kg diet) were reared for 12 weeks and later Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) challenged model was performed. Inclusion of LipoCur-NPs (25 and 35 mg/kg diet) had the most prominent impact on Nile tilapia growth rate and feed conversion ratio. The immune boosting outcomes post supplementing 35 mg/kg diet of LipoCur-NPs were evidenced by higher myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and total immunoglobulin levels. Even after 4 weeks frozen storage, LipoCur-NPs at the dose of 35 mg/kg diet prominently increased (P < 0.05) the fillet scavenging capability for free radicals (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) with an inverse reduction in lipid peroxidation biomarker (malondialdehyde). Notably, upregulation of GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD genes in fillet of 35 mg/kg LipoCur-NPs fed fish coordinated with higher T-AOC and lower oxidative markers (ROS and H2O2). Post S. agalactiae challenge, higher supplementation levels of LipoCur-NPs (35 mg/kg diet) greatly attenuated the expression of its vital virulence genes (cfb, fbsA and cpsA) with higher expression of Igm, CXC-chemokine and MHC genes. Concordantly, downregulation of inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8) and upregulation of anti-inflammatory ones (IL-10 and TGF-β) were remarkably documented. Based on these findings, the innovative curcumin loaded liposome was considered a novel multitargeting alternative not only playing an imperative role in Nile tilapia growth promotion and fillet stability upon storage, but also protecting efficiently against S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Alhawas
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box: 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marwa I Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Zeinab Hassan
- Fish Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt.
| | - Ghada A Ibrahim
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Ismailia Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed N F Neamat-Allah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box: 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Badr Abdul-Hakim Y Alahmad
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box: 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M A Meligy
- Department of Clinical Science, Central Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box: 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physiology, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sherief M Abdel-Raheem
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box: 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hesham Abdel-Moez Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box: 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Food Hygiene Dept., Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut Univ., Egypt.
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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El-Ghareeb WR, Kishawy ATY, Anter RGA, Aboelabbas Gouda A, Abdelaziz WS, Alhawas B, Meligy AMA, Abdel-Raheem SM, Ismail H, Ibrahim D. Novel Antioxidant Insights of Myricetin on the Performance of Broiler Chickens and Alleviating Experimental Infection with Eimeria spp.: Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051026. [PMID: 37237892 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the modern poultry industry, the application of novel phytogenic bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential aims to enhance productivity and quality and to minimize the stress of associated diseases. Herein, myricetin, a natural flavonoid, was evaluated for the first time on broiler chickens' performance, antioxidants and immune modulating functions, and tackling avian coccidiosis. A total of 500 one-day-old chicks were divided into five groups. The negative (NC) and infected control (IC) groups were fed a control diet without additives, and the latter was infected with Eimeria spp. Groups supplemented with myricetin (Myc) were fed a control diet of Myc (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg diet each). On d 14, all chicks except those in NC were challenged with oocysts of mixed Eimeria spp. Significant improvements in the overall growth rate and feed conversion ratio were detected in the group that was fed 600 mg/kg, unlike the IC group. Notably, groups that were fed 400 and 600 mg/kg showed higher total meat antioxidant capacity with an inverse reduction in oxidative and lipid peroxidation biomarkers (hydrogen peroxide: H2O2; reactive oxygen species: ROS; Malondialdehyde: MDA). Of note, the upregulation of glutathione peroxidase; GSH-Px, catalase; CAT, superoxide dismutase; SOD, heme oxygenase-1; HO-1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 NQO1 genes in jejunum and muscle were prominently observed with increasing levels of supplemental Myc. At 21 dpi, the severity of coccoidal lesions (p < 0.05) induced by mixed Eimeria spp. and oocyst excretion were greatly reduced in the group that was fed 600 mg/kg of Myc. In the IC group, higher serum levels of C-reactive protein; CRP and nitric oxide; and NO and the upregulated expression of inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-1β; IL-1β, interleukin-6; IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α; TNF-α, chemotactic cytokines; CCL20, stromal cell-derived factor-1; CXCL13, and avian defensins; AvBD612) were subsided in higher levels in the Myc-fed groups. Taken together, these findings indicate the promising antioxidant role of Myc in modulating immune responses and reducing growth depression associated with coccidia challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa T Y Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Reham G A Anter
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Aboelabbas Gouda
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Walaa S Abdelaziz
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Bassam Alhawas
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M A Meligy
- Department of Clinical Science, Central Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Sherief M Abdel-Raheem
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hesham Ismail
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Food Hygiene Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Kishawy ATY, Ibrahim D, Roushdy EM, Moustafa A, Eldemery F, Hussein EM, Hassan FAM, Elazab ST, Elabbasy MT, Kanwal R, Kamel WM, Atteya MR, Zaglool AW. Impact of resveratrol-loaded liposomal nanocarriers on heat-stressed broiler chickens: Effects on performance, sirtuin expression, oxidative stress regulators, and muscle building factors. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1137896. [PMID: 37056226 PMCID: PMC10086338 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1137896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is considered to be the primary cause of heat stress (HS) in broiler chickens. Owing to the unique properties of extracted polyphenols, resveratrol-loaded liposomal nanoparticles (Resv-Lipo NPs) were first explored to mitigate the harmful effects of HS. The dietary role of Resv-Lipo NPs in heat-stressed birds was investigated based on their growth performance, antioxidative potential, and the expression of heat shock proteins, sirtuins, antioxidant, immune, and muscle-building related genes. A total of 250 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into five experimental groups (5 replicates/group, 10 birds/replicate) for 42 days as follows: the control group was fed a basal diet and reared in thermoneutral conditions, and the other four HS groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with Resv-Lipo NPsI, II, and III at the levels of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg diet, respectively. The results indicated that supplementation with Resv-Lipo NP improved the growth rate of the HS group. The Resv-Lipo NP group showed the most significant improvement in body weight gain (p < 0.05) and FCR. Additionally, post-HS exposure, the groups that received Resv-Lipo NPs showed restored functions of the kidney and the liver as well as improvements in the lipid profile. The restoration occurred especially at higher levels in the Resv-Lipo NP group compared to the HS group. The elevated corticosterone and T3 and T4 hormone levels in the HS group returned to the normal range in the Resv-Lipo NPsIII group. Additionally, the HS groups supplemented with Resv-Lipo NPs showed an improvement in serum and muscle antioxidant biomarkers. The upregulation of the muscle and intestinal antioxidant-related genes (SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, NR-f2, and HO-1) and the muscle-building genes (myostatin, MyoD, and mTOR) was observed with increasing the level of Resv-Lipo NPs. Heat stress upregulated heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 and 90 gene expression, which was restored to normal levels in HS+Resv-Lipo NPsIII. Moreover, the expression of sirtuin 1, 3, and 7 (SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT7) genes was increased (p < 0.05) in the liver of the HS groups that received Resv-Lipo NPs in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the HS group was restored in the HS groups that received Resv-Lipo NPs. Supplementation with Resv-Lipo NPs can mitigate the harmful impact of HS and consequently improve the performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa T. Y. Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Doaa Ibrahim
| | - Elshimaa M. Roushdy
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Animal Breeding, and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira Moustafa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fatma Eldemery
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Elham M. Hussein
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fardos A. M. Hassan
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Veterinary Economics, and Farm Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sara T. Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Ha'il University, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Raheela Kanwal
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid M. Kamel
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R. Atteya
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa W. Zaglool
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Genetic, and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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12
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Meligy AM, El-Hamid MIA, Yonis AE, Elhaddad GY, Abdel-Raheem SM, El-Ghareeb WR, Mohamed M, Ismail H, Ibrahim D. Liposomal Encapsulated Oregano, Cinnamon, and Clove oils Enhanced the performance, bacterial metabolites Antioxidant potential, and Intestinal microbiota of Broiler Chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102683. [PMID: 37120892 PMCID: PMC10173274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulated phytochemicals with augmented therapeutic and nutritional characteristics have become promising alternatives to antimicrobials in the poultry industry. Hence, our key target was to explore the efficacy of liposomal encapsulation, as a novel carrier, for essential oils (LEOs) on growth, digestibility, intestinal microbiota, and bacterial metabolites of broiler chickens. Moreover, the impact of encapsulated EOs on transcription mechanisms targeting the genes encoding digestive enzymes, gut barrier functions and antioxidant potential of broiler chickens was evidenced. Four equal broiler groups were fed 4 basal diets fortified with LEOs (oregano, cinnamon, and clove) at the levels of 0, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg diet. Our findings revealed significant improvement in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of birds fed higher levels of LEOs. These results came concurrently with increasing the activities of digestive enzymes at both serum and molecular levels and consequently nutrient digestibility (dry matter, ether extract, crude protein, and crude fiber) in these groups. Remarkably, the abundance of beneficial bacteria as well as the bacterial metabolites (valeric acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, and total short-chain fatty acids) was increased, while that of pathogenic ones was reduced following dietary inclusion of LEOs. Of note, the mRNA expression of genes encoding antioxidant stability [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)] as well as barrier functions [mucin-2 (MUC-2)] and tight junction proteins, TJP [junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2) and occludin] were noticeably upregulated in broilers fortified with 400 mg/kg diet of LEOs. Overall, the present work recommended dietary inclusion of LEOs as beneficial additives for attaining targeted performance, gut health and antioxidant stability in poultry farming.
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Ismail H, Ibrahim D, El Sayed S, Wahdan A, El-Tarabili RM, Rizk El-Ghareeb W, Abdullah Alhawas B, Alahmad BAHY, Abdel-Raheem SM, El-Hamid MIA. Prospective Application of Nanoencapsulated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Broiler Chickens' Performance and Gut Health with Efficacy against Campylobacter jejuni Colonization. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050775. [PMID: 36899631 PMCID: PMC10000182 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics as novel antibiotics' substitutes are verified to provide barriers for hindering the colonization of enteric bacterial pathogens with nutritional benefits. For enhancement of the probiotics' effectiveness, their integration within nanomaterials is a paramount tool to support the progress of new compounds with functional features. Therefore, we addressed the impact of effective delivery of probiotics (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) loaded nanoparticles (BNPs) on performance and Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) shedding and colonization in poultry. Two hundred Ross broiler chickens were divided into four groups fed various BNP levels: BNPs I, BNPs II, BNPs III, and BNPs-free diets for 35 days. Nanoparticles delivery of probiotics within broiler diets improved growth performance as reflected by higher body weight gain and superior feed conversion ratio, especially in BNPs II- and BNPs III-fed groups. In parallel, the mRNA expression levels of digestive enzymes encoding genes (AMY2a, PNLIP, CELA1, and CCK) achieved their peaks in BNPs III-fed group (1.69, 1.49, 1.33, and 1.29-fold change, respectively) versus the control one. Notably, with increasing the levels of BNPs, the abundance of beneficial microbiota, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, was favored over harmful ones, including Clostridium species and Enterobacteriaceae. Birds fed higher levels of BNPs displayed significant improvement in the expression of barrier functions-linked genes including DEFB1, FABP-2, and MUC-2 alongside substantial reduction in cecal colonization and fecal shedding of C. jejuni. From the aforementioned positive effects of BNPs, we concluded their potential roles as growth promoters and effective preventive aids for C. jejuni infection in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Ismail
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Food Hygiene Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.I.); (D.I.)
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.I.); (D.I.)
| | - Shorouk El Sayed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ali Wahdan
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Reham M. El-Tarabili
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Bassam Abdullah Alhawas
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Abdul-Hakim Y. Alahmad
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherief M. Abdel-Raheem
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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14
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Simon A, Colom J, Mazhar S, Khokhlova E, Deaton J, Rea K. Bacillus megaterium Renuspore ® as a potential probiotic for gut health and detoxification of unwanted dietary contaminants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1125616. [PMID: 37113219 PMCID: PMC10126418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1125616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to diverse environmental pollutants and food contaminants is ever-increasing. The risks related to the bioaccumulation of such xenobiotics in the air and food chain have exerted negative effects on human health, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, gastrointestinal disorders, and chronic diseases. The use of probiotics is considered an economical and versatile tool for the detoxification of hazardous chemicals that are persistent in the environment and food chain, potentially for scavenging unwanted xenobiotics in the gut. In this study, Bacillus megaterium MIT411 (Renuspore®) was characterized for general probiotic properties including antimicrobial activity, dietary metabolism, and antioxidant activity, and for the capacity to detoxify several environmental contaminants that can be found in the food chain. In silico studies revealed genes associated with carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism, xenobiotic chelation or degradation, and antioxidant properties. Bacillus megaterium MIT411 (Renuspore®) demonstrated high levels of total antioxidant activities, in addition to antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Campylobacter jejuni in vitro. The metabolic analysis demonstrated strong enzymatic activity with a high release of amino acids and beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, Renuspore® effectively chelated the heavy metals, mercury and lead, without negatively impacting the beneficial minerals, iron, magnesium, or calcium, and degraded the environmental contaminants, nitrite, ammonia, and 4-Chloro-2-nitrophenol. These findings suggest that Renuspore® may play a beneficial role in supporting gut health metabolism and eliminating unwanted dietary contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Simon
- ADM Cork H&W Ltd., Bioinnovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joan Colom
- ADM Cork H&W Ltd., Bioinnovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shahneela Mazhar
- ADM Cork H&W Ltd., Bioinnovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Khokhlova
- ADM Cork H&W Ltd., Bioinnovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Deaton
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes/ADM, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Kieran Rea
- ADM Cork H&W Ltd., Bioinnovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Kieran Rea
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Zengin M, Sur A, İlhan Z, Azman MA, Tavşanlı H, Esen S, Bacaksız OK, Demir E. Effects of fermented distillers grains with solubles, partially replaced with soybean meal, on performance, blood parameters, meat quality, intestinal flora, and immune response in broiler. Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:58-64. [PMID: 35803008 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study set out to examine the effects of fermented distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) partially replaced with soybean meal on growth performance, some blood parameters, meat quality, intestinal microflora, and immune response in broilers. A total of 504 chicks were randomly allocated into 6 groups with 3 replicates. All chicks were fed with one of the following formulated diets i) basal diet based on the maize-soybean meal (C), ii) partially replaced with non-fermented DDGS (NC), iii) partially replaced fermented DDGS with B. subtilis (BS), iv) partially replaced with BS + multienzyme (BSE), v) partially replaced fermented DDGS with S. cerevisiae (SC), vi) partially replaced with SC + multienzyme (SCE). Results showed no significant difference between groups for body weight, daily weight gain (DWG), and feed intake (FI) (P > 0.05). However, feed conversion ratios (FCR) of BS, BSE, and SCE groups were significantly lower than the C and NC groups (P < 0.001). Albumin, total protein, alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.01), Total antioxidant status, aspartate aminotransferase, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and uric acid (P < 0.05) were significantly affected by treatments. The meat color of the SC and SCE groups was darker after 24 h compared to the C group (P < 0.01). The highest LAB counts of ileal and cecum were observed in the BSE and SCE groups (P < 0.001). These results suggest that partial replacement of soybean meal with fermented DDGS had a positive effect on FCR without affecting DWG and FI, and combining fermented DDGS with multienzymes decreased FCR and improved immune and gut health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhittin Zengin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey.
| | - Aslıhan Sur
- Department of Veterinary, Vocational School of Kepsut, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ziya İlhan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Azman
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Tavşanlı
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Selim Esen
- Balikesir Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Koray Bacaksız
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ergün Demir
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
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Modulatory Impacts of Multi-Strain Probiotics on Rabbits’ Growth, Nutrient Transporters, Tight Junctions and Immune System to Fight against Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162082. [PMID: 36009671 PMCID: PMC9405287 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Weaning is a crucial period associated with great stress and susceptibility to infection, implying adverse impacts on farmed rabbits’ production. Recently, probiotics have been provided as direct microbial feed supplements, which are considered the ideal antibiotic substitutes during pathogenic infections with an emphasis on promoting rabbits’ growth and modulating their immune functions. Therefore, our experiment was carried out to explore the efficacy of multi-strain probiotics (MSP) on rabbits’ growth, molecular aspects, such as nutrients transporters, cytokines, and intestinal integrity, and effectiveness against Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) infection. Altogether, our findings proposed the beneficial consequences of MSP on rabbits’ growth, gut health, and immunity. After post-experimental infection of rabbits with L. monocytogenes, administration of MSP during the whole rearing period greatly reduced the detrimental impact of infection and consequently renovated efficient rabbits’ production. Abstract Multi-strain probiotics (MSP) are considered innovative antibiotics’ substitutes supporting superior gut health and immunity of farmed rabbits. The promising roles of MSP on performance, intestinal immunity, integrity and transporters, and resistance against Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) were evaluated. In the feeding trial, 220 rabbits were fed a control diet or diet supplemented with three MSP graded levels. At 60 days of age, rabbits were experimentally infected with L. monocytogenes and the positive control, enrofloxacin, prophylactic MSP (MSPP), and prophylactic and therapeutic MSP (MSPTT) groups were included. During the growing period, MSP at the level of 1 × 108 CFU/kg diet (MSPIII) promoted the rabbits’ growth, upregulated the nutrient transporters and tight-junction-related genes, and modified cytokines expression. Supplementing MSPTT for L. monocytogenes experimentally-infected rabbits restored the impaired growth and intestinal barriers, reduced clinical signs of severity and mortalities, and attenuated the excessive inflammatory reactions. Notably, enrofloxacin decreased L. monocytogenes and beneficial microbial loads; unlike MSPTT, which decreased pathogenic bacterial loads and sustained the beneficial ones. Histopathological changes were greatly reduced in MSPTT, confirming its promising role in restricting L. monocytogenes translocation to different organs. Therefore, our results suggest the use of MSPTT as an alternative to antibiotics, thereby conferring protection for rabbits against L. monocytogenes infection.
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Insights into growth-promoting, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, and antibacterial activities of Toldin CRD as a novel phytobiotic in broiler chickens experimentally infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102154. [PMID: 36182847 PMCID: PMC9523390 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) leads to impaired broiler growth performance and significant economic losses worldwide. The utilization of essential oils (EOs) as natural alternatives to antibiotics to control CRD outbreaks is not completely clarified yet. Thus, we investigated the effect of a commercial EOs mixture (toldin CRD), in comparison to tilmicosin antibiotic, on the clinical observations, growth performance, immunity, digestive enzymes, gut barrier functions, and bacterial loads in broilers experimentally infected with MG. A total of 400 one-day-old broiler chicks were assigned into four groups; negative control (NC), positive control (PC), tilmicosin, and toldin CRD treated groups. All groups except NC were experimentally infected with MG at 14 d of age. Our data showed that birds treated with toldin CRD showed significant enhancement in the body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P = 0.001 each) over the whole experimental period. Likely, improved digestibility and intestinal barrier functions in the toldin CRD treated group was evidenced by the significant upregulation (P < 0.05) of cholecystokinin (CCK), alpha 2A amylase (AMY2A), pancreatic lipase (PNLIP), junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), occludin, and mucin-2 (MUC-2) genes. Moreover, toldin CRD exhibited immunostimulant and ant-inflammatory activities via significant downregulation (P < 0.05) of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 genes, significant reduction of lysozyme (LYZ), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO) levels (P = 0.03, 0.02, and 0.001, respectively) and significant increase in the immunoglobulin G (IgG) level (P = 0.03). Notably, immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed prominent reductions (P < 0.05) in the levels of MG antigens and MG loads in the toldin CRD treated group, which were evidenced by relieving the clinical picture of MG experimental infection. In conclusion, we recommend the utilization of toldin CRD as a potential candidate for controlling MG infection in broiler chickens.
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter Species with Particular Focus on the Growth Promoting, Immunostimulant and Anti-Campylobacter jejuni Activities of Eugenol and Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Mixture in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070905. [PMID: 35405892 PMCID: PMC8996860 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Campylobacter species are the leading cause of foodborne bacterial enteritis worldwide. Recently, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter spp. have caused several global crises. Therefore, the present work aims to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. from various chicken sources in Egypt, and to investigate the efficacy of a mixture of eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde on the performance and immunity of challenged broilers and also to assess their effects on C. jejuni load and virulence gene expression in an in vivo model. Our results showed a high prevalence of campylobacter isolates (67.3%). Of note, 25.7 and 74.3% of campylobacter isolates were XDR and MDR, respectively. Interestingly, a mixture of eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde had significant enhancing and antimicrobial effects through improving the growth-performance variables, minimizing the C. jejuni fecal loads, and decreasing the C. jejuni virulence genes (flaA, virB11, and wlaN) expressions in broilers challenged with C. jejuni. Moreover, the mixture of eugenol and the trans-cinnamaldehyde had immunostimulant and anti-inflammatory activities. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the utilization of the mixture of eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde has a growth-promoting role and can be considered as a better replacement of the antimicrobial agents for the control and treatment of campylobacter infection in broiler chickens. Abstract Campylobacter species (spp.) are one of the most important causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis in foods of animal origin. Recently, with the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Campylobacter spp., natural alternative therapeutic methods are urgently required. Phytogenic active principles have gained considerable attention due to their proficiency to enhance gut health and, thereby, performance of broiler chickens. Thus, the current study aims to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. of different chicken sources in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, and to assess the growth-promoting, immunostimulant and antimicrobial effects of a mixture of eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde in an in vivo approach. A total of 101 (67.3%) campylobacter isolates was identified, according to both phenotypic and genotypic techniques. Moreover, all of the campylobacter isolates were resistant to erythromycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin (100% each). Of note, a dietary supplementation of the mixture of eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde led to a significant improvement of the feed conversion ratio and body weight gain and a decrease in the cecal C. jejuni loads in the broilers challenged with XDR C. jejuni. Additionally, eugenol and the trans-cinnamaldehyde mixture had protective activities via the down-regulation of XDR C. jejuni (flaA, virB11 and wlaN) virulence genes and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8), and the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Thus, we recommend the usage of a mixture of eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde as an alternative to antimicrobials for the control and treatment of campylobacter infections.
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Abstract
The generation of pomaces from juice and olive oil industries is a major environmental issue. This review aims to provide an overview of the strategies to increase the value of pomaces by fermentation/biotransformation and explore the different aspects reported in scientific studies. Fermentation is an interesting solution to improve the value of pomaces (especially from grape, apple, and olive) and produce high-added value compounds. In terms of animal production, a shift in the fermentation process during silage production seems to happen (favoring ethanol production rather than lactic acid), but it can be controlled with starter cultures. The subsequent use of silage with pomace in animal production slightly reduces growth performance but improves animal health status. One of the potential applications in the industrial context is the production of enzymes (current challenges involve purification and scaling up the process) and organic acids. Other emerging applications are the production of odor-active compounds to improve the aroma of foods as well as the release of bound polyphenols and the synthesis of bioactive compounds for functional food production.
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Employment of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Vegetation Water in Broiler Chickens: Effects on Gut Microbiota and on the Shelf Life of Breast Fillets. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144307. [PMID: 34299582 PMCID: PMC8306377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive vegetation water (OVW) is a by-product with a noticeable environmental impact; however, its polyphenols may be reused food and feed manufacture as high-value ingredients with antioxidant/antimicrobial activities. The effect of dietary supplementation with OVW polyphenols on the gut microbiota, carcass and breast quality, shelf life, and lipid oxidation in broiler chickens has been studied. Chicks were fed diets supplemented with crude phenolic concentrate (CPC) obtained from OVW (220 and 440 mg/kg phenols equivalent) until reaching commercial size. Cloacal microbial community (rRNA16S sequencing) was monitored during the growth period. Breasts were submitted to culture-dependent and -independent microbiological analyses during their shelf-life. Composition, fatty acid concentration, and lipid oxidation of raw and cooked thawed breasts were measured. Growth performance and gut microbiota were only slightly affected by the dietary treatments, while animal age influenced the cloacal microbiota. The supplementation was found to reduce the shelf life of breasts due to the growth of spoilers. Chemical composition and lipid oxidation were not affected. The hydroxytyrosol (HT) concentration varied from 178.6 to 292.4 ug/kg in breast muscle at the beginning of the shelf-life period. The identification of HT in meat demonstrates that the absorption and metabolism of these compounds was occurring efficiently in the chickens.
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Ibrahim D, Ismail TA, Khalifa E, Abd El-Kader SA, Mohamed DI, Mohamed DT, Shahin SE, Abd El-Hamid MI. Supplementing Garlic Nanohydrogel Optimized Growth, Gastrointestinal Integrity and Economics and Ameliorated Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens Using a Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2027. [PMID: 34359156 PMCID: PMC8300316 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) results in impaired bird growth performance and increased production costs. Nanotechnology application in the poultry industry to control NE outbreaks is still not completely clarified. Therefore, the efficacy of dietary garlic nano-hydrogel (G-NHG) on broilers growth performance, intestinal integrity, economic returns and its potency to alleviate C. perfringens levels using NE challenge model were addressed. A total of 1200 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into six groups; four supplemented with 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg of G-NHG/kg diet and co-challenged with C. perfringens at 21, 22 and 23 d of age and two control groups fed basal diet with or without C. perfringens challenge. Over the total growing period, the 400 mg/kg G-NHG group had the most improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency regardless of challenge. Parallel with these results, the mRNA expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes (alpha 2A amylase (AMY2A), pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK)) and intestinal barriers (junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), occludin and mucin-2 (Muc-2)) were increased in groups fed G-NHG at higher levels to be nearly similar to those in the unchallenged group. At 14 d post challenge, real-time PCR results revealed that inclusion of G-NHG led to a dose-dependently decrease in the C. perfringens population, thereby decreasing the birds' intestinal lesion score and mortality rates. Using 400 mg/kg of G-NHG remarkably ameliorated the adverse effects of NE caused by C. perfringens challenge, which contributed to better growth performance of challenged birds with rational economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Tamer Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt;
| | - Shaimaa A. Abd El-Kader
- Department of Bacteriology, Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Dalia Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Dalia T. Mohamed
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Sara E. Shahin
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Ibrahim D, Al-Khalaifah HS, Abdelfattah-Hassan A, Eldoumani H, Khater SI, Arisha AH, Mohamed SAM, Ismail TA, Tolba SA. Promising Role of Growth Hormone-Boosting Peptide in Regulating the Expression of Muscle-Specific Genes and Related MicroRNAs in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071906. [PMID: 34206912 PMCID: PMC8300367 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate skeletal muscle development in poultry is positively related to increasing its meat production. Synthetic peptides with growth hormone-boosting properties can intensify the effects of endogenous growth hormones. However, their effects on the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles that control muscle development post-hatching in broiler chicks is unclear. Thus, we evaluated the possible effects of synthetic growth hormone-boosting peptide (GHBP) inclusion on a chicken's growth rate, skeletal muscle development-related genes and myomiRs, serum biochemical parameters, and myofiber characteristics. A total of 400 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups supplied with GHBP at the levels of 0, 100, 200 and 300 μg/kg for 7 days post-hatching. The results showed that the highest levels of serum IGF-1 and GH at d 20 and d 38 post-hatching were found in the 200 μg/kg GHBP group. Targeted gene expression analysis in skeletal muscle revealed that the GHBP effect was more prominent at d 20 post-hatching. The maximum muscle development in the 200 μg/kg GHBP group was fostered by the upregulation of IGF-1, mTOR, myoD, and myogenin and the downregulation of myostatin and the Pax-3 and -7 genes compared to the control group. In parallel, muscle-specific myomiR analysis described upregulation of miR-27b and miR-499 and down-regulation of miR-1a, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206 in both the 200 and 300 μg/kg GHBP groups. This was reflected in the weight gain of birds, which was increased by 17.3 and 11.2% in the 200 and 300 μg/kg GHBP groups, respectively, when compared with the control group. Moreover, the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio was achieved in the 200 μg/kg GHBP group. The myogenic effects of GHBP were also confirmed via studying myofiber characteristics, wherein the largest myofiber sizes and areas were achieved in the 200 μg/kg GHBP group. Overall, our findings indicated that administration of 200 μg/kg GHBP for broiler chicks could accelerate their muscle development by positively regulating muscle-specific mRNA and myomiR expression and reinforcing myofiber growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanan S. Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait;
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah-Hassan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Haitham Eldoumani
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Safaa I. Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed H. Arisha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Sally A. M. Mohamed
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Tamer Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samar A. Tolba
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
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