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Estevam DD, Souza JM, Rey FSB, Martins CL, Stafuzza NB, Espigolan R, Millen DD, Arrigoni MDB. Identification of genomic regions and pathways associated with traits related to rumen acidosis in feedlot Nellore cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2024; 141:491-506. [PMID: 38375946 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
There may be an increased risk of metabolic disorders, such as rumen acidosis, in cattle fed high-concentrate diets, particularly those from Bos taurus indicus genotypes, which have shown to be more sensitive to ruminal acidification. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate (co)variance components and identify genomic regions and pathways associated with ruminal acidosis in feedlot Nellore cattle fed high-concentrate diets. It was utilized a dataset containing a total of 642 Nellore bulls that were genotyped from seven feedlot nutrition studies. The GGP Indicus 35k panel was used with the single step genome-wide association study methodology in which the effects of the markers were obtained from the genomic values estimated by the GBLUP model. A bivariate model to estimate genetic correlations between the economically important traits and indicator traits for acidosis was used. The traits evaluated in this study that were nutritionally related to rumen acidosis included average daily gain (ADG), final body weight, time spent eating (TSE), time spent ruminating, rumenitis score (RUM), rumen absorptive surface area (ASA), rumen keratinized layer thickness (KER) and hot carcass weight (HCW). The identified candidate genes were mainly involved in the negative or non-regulation of the apoptotic process, salivary secretion, and transmembrane transport. The genetic correlation between HCW and ASA was low positive (0.27 ± 0.23), and between ADG and ASA was high moderate (0.58 ± 0.59). A positive genetic correlation between RUM and all performance traits was observed, and TSE correlated negatively with HCW (-0.33 ± 0.21), ASA (-0.75 ± 0.48), and KER (-0.40 ± 0.27). The genetic association between economically important traits and indicator traits for acidosis suggested that Nellore cattle may be more sensitive to acidosis in feedlot systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D Estevam
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johnny M Souza
- Department of Animal Science, College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando S B Rey
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cyntia L Martins
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nedenia B Stafuzza
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Institute (IZ), São Paulo's Agency for Agribusiness Technology (APTA), Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Espigolan
- Department of Animal Science and Biological Sciences (DZCB), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Palmeira das Missões, Brazil
| | - Danilo D Millen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario D B Arrigoni
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dellaqua JVT, Rigueiro ALN, Silvestre AM, Pereira MCS, Felizari LD, Demartini BL, Dias EFF, Silva LAF, Casali DM, Souza KLR, Souza JM, Millen DD. Impact of combined management strategies of monensin and virginiamycin in high energy diets on ruminal fermentation and nutrients utilization. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1325198. [PMID: 38605925 PMCID: PMC11008231 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1325198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Feed additives such as monensin (MON) and virginiamycin (VM) are commonly utilized in feedlot diets to enhance rumen fermentation. Nevertheless, the precise effects of combining MON and VM during specific feedlot periods and the advantages of this combination remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the adaptation and finishing periods on ruminal metabolism, feeding behavior, and nutrient digestibility in Nellore cattle. The experimental design was a 5 × 5 Latin square, where each period lasted 28 days. Five rumen-cannulated Nellore yearling bulls were used (414,86 ± 21,71 kg of body weight), which were assigned to five treatments: (1) MON during the entire feeding period; (2) VM during the entire feeding period; (3) MON + VM during the adaptation period and only VM during the finishing period 1 and 2; (4) MON + VM during the entire feeding period; (5) MON + VM during the adaptation and finishing period 1 and only VM during the finishing period 2. For the finishing period 1, animals fed T3 had improved potential degradability of dry matter (p = 0.02). Cattle fed T3 and T5 had the highest crude protein degradability when compared to animals receiving T2 (p = 0.01). Animals fed T2 and T3 had reduced the time (p < 0.01) and area under pH 6.2 (p = 0.02). Moreover, animals fed T4 had greater population of protozoa from the genus Diplodinium (p = 0.04) when compared to those from animals fed T2, T3 and T5. For the finishing period 2, animals fed T3 had greater starch degradability when compared to animals receiving T4 and T5 (p = 0.04). Animals fed T3, T4 and T5 had increased the duration of time in which pH was below 5.6 (p = 0.03). The area under the curve for ruminal pH 5.2 and pH 5.6 was higher for the animals fed T3 (p = 0.01), and the area under pH 6.2 was higher for the animals fed T3 and T5 (p < 0.01) when compared to animals receiving T2. There is no substantial improvement on the rumen fermentation parameters by the concurrent utilization of MON and VM molecules, where the higher starch and protein degradability did not improve the rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. T. Dellaqua
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - André L. N. Rigueiro
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. Silvestre
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Murilo C. S. Pereira
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Luana D. Felizari
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Breno L. Demartini
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Evandro F. F. Dias
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Leandro A. F. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Daniel M. Casali
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Katia L. R. Souza
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Johnny M. Souza
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Danilo D. Millen
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Gomes RDC, Menezes GRDO, Favero R, Kazama R, Altrak G, Mizubuti IY, Gomes MDNB, Feijó GLD, Montagner DB, de Araújo TLAC, de Lima Júnior DM, Torres Júnior RADA, Bonin MDN. Strategies of virginiamycin supplementation in the postweaning phase on growth performance and carcass quality of beef cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 56:12. [PMID: 38102404 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of supplementing VM in grazing cattle during the rearing phase on performance and carcass quality of beef cattle in the finishing phase. Two experiments with a randomized block design were conducted in consecutive years to contrast two post-weaning supplementation strategies using VM at 45 mg/100 kg body weight (BW). In the first year, treatments were protein supplement in the dry season and mineral supplement in the rainy season versus the addition of VM both in the protein and mineral supplements. In the second year, was contrasted with protein supplement in the dry season and protein-energy supplement in the rainy season. Performance, carcass traits, and carcass quality were evaluated at the end of both phases. In Year 1, adding VM in mineral supplement increased final backfat thickness (P=0.05), backfat gain (P=0.06), final rump fat thickness (P=0.02), and rump fat gain (P=0.01). In the finishing phase, VM-treated cattle had a greater dry matter intake (P=0.03) and tended to show a greater backfat thickness than non-treated cattle (P=0.07). In Year 2, no VM effects were observed on post-weaning phase performance and carcass traits. However, cattle-fed VM during the post-weaning phase tended to show a lower feed conversion ratio (P=0.09) and had a significantly higher gross feed efficiency (P=0.03) than non-treated cattle at slaughter. Virginiamycin supplementation during rearing on pasture improves performance and carcass fattening in the growth phase and has a residual effect in the finishing phase that may reflect greater backfat thickness and gross feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Favero
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Londrina - UEL, km 380 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Kazama
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, 1346 Admar Gonzaga Road, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Georg Altrak
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, 1346 Admar Gonzaga Road, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ivone Yurika Mizubuti
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Londrina - UEL, km 380 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marina de Nadai Bonin Gomes
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, 2446 Sen. Filinto Müler Avenue, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid - UFERSA, 572 Francisco Mota Street, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
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