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Gajaje K, Ultra VU, Nwaefuna AE, Zhou N. Phytostabilization of fly ash from a coalmine in Botswana and biovalorisation of the recovered Napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1291-1304. [PMID: 38349237 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2313559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The disposal of fly ash (FA) from coal power plants polluting the air, soil, and groundwater is a major environmental concern. Phytoremediation to rehabilitate fly ash dumpsites is a promising alternative but has practical concerns about the disposal of harvested biomass. This study investigated the effect of supplementing fly ash with fresh sewage sludge (FSS), aged sewage sludge, food waste, and compost (COM) to enhance the phytoremediation potential of Napier grass and its subsequent utilization for ethanol production. The highest removal of Mn (1196.12 g ha-1) and Ni (128.06 g ha-1) from FA could be obtained when Napier is grown in the presence of FSS and inorganic fertilizer (NPK). In addition, the highest bioethanol yield (19.31 g L-1) was obtained from Napier grown in fly ash with COM + NPK, thus providing additional economic benefits aside from the remediation process. Given the significant levels of heavy metals present in the pulp and bio-slurry after ethanol production, further research is required in this area to determine the best ways to utilize this waste such as converting it into biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katumelo Gajaje
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Venecio U Ultra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Anita E Nwaefuna
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Nerve Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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2
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Ochola CA, Ngugi MP, Nyaboga EN, Njarui DMG. Morpho-physiological and yield traits for selection of drought tolerant Urochloa grass ecotypes. AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae034. [PMID: 38948321 PMCID: PMC11212069 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Drought has become more recurrent and causes a substantial decline in forage yields leading to strain on feed resources for livestock production. This has intensified the search for drought-tolerant forages to promote sustainable livestock production. The objective of this study was to identify drought-tolerant Urochloa grasses and to discern their morpho-physiological and yield traits to water stress as well as the relationship between these traits and indices of drought resistance. The results showed that the ecotypes, water regimes and their interaction significantly influenced all the studied morpho-physiological and yield traits. There was a significant decrease in plant height, number of leaves and tillers, dry matter yield, relative water content, photosystem II and efficiency of photosystem II with an increase in non-photochemical quenching. The principal component analysis revealed that the performance of Urochloa grass ecotypes was different under water sufficient (WS) and water deficit conditions. Drought tolerance indicators (mean productivity, geometric mean productivity, tolerance index and stress tolerance index) were most effective in identifying Urochloa ecotypes with high biomass production under both water deficient and WS conditions. Ecotypes K17, K7, Kisii, Busia and Kakamega were the most drought tolerant, Basilisk, K6, K10, K19 and Toledo were moderately tolerant whereas, CIAT6385, CIAT16449, K13, K5 and K9 were drought sensitive. The five drought-tolerant Urochloa ecotypes should be tested for sustainable biomass production under field conditions and used in breeding programmes to develop high-yielding drought-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine Anyango Ochola
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Pierro Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evans N Nyaboga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Donald M G Njarui
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)-Kabete, P.O Box 14733-00800, Nairobi, Kenya
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3
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Du Z, Yamasaki S, Oya T, Nguluve D, Euridse D, Tinga B, Macome F, Cai Y. Microbial network and fermentation modulation of Napier grass and sugarcane top silage in southern Africa. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0303223. [PMID: 38084975 PMCID: PMC10783067 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03032-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Feed shortage in the tropics is a major constraint to the production of livestock products such as milk and meat. In order to effectively utilize of local feed resources, the selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain was used to prepare Napier grass and sugarcane top silage. The results showed that the two silages inoculated with LAB formed a co-occurrence microbial network dominated by Lactiplantibacillus during the fermentation process, regulated the microbial community structure and metabolic pathways, and improved the silage fermentation quality. This is of great significance for alleviating feed shortage and promoting sustainable production of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seishi Yamasaki
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Oya
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Damiao Nguluve
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Denise Euridse
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Benedito Tinga
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | | | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Islam MR, Garcia SC, Sarker NR, Islam MA, Clark CEF. Napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schum) management strategies for dairy and meat production in the tropics and subtropics: yield and nutritive value. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269976. [PMID: 38034567 PMCID: PMC10682400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) comprises up to 80% of the cattle diet in many tropical and subtropical regions and is used primarily by smallholder farmers. Despite the grass's high yield, resulting animal productivity from this grass is low. One of the key reasons for the low animal productivity of Napier grass is its low nutritive value under current management. Taken together, previous work has shown the current yield, crude protein (CP), and metabolisable energy (ME) of Napier grass to be 26 t dry matter (DM)/ha/year, 96 g/kg DM, and 8.7 MJ/kg DM, respectively, ranging from 2 to 86 t DM/ha/year, 9 to 257 g CP/kg DM, and 5.9 to 10.8 MJ ME/kg DM, respectively, suggesting an opportunity for significant improvement on both yield and nutritive value of this grass. The DM yield and nutritive value of this grass are inversely related, indicating a trade-off between yield and quality; however, this trade-off could be minimised by increasing sowing density and harvesting frequency. Available literature shows that this simple management strategy of increasing sowing density (50 cm × 40 cm) and harvesting frequency (11-12 harvests/year) provides 71 t DM/ha with 135 g/kg DM CP and 10.8 MJ ME/kg DM. This quality of Napier grass has the potential to increase both milk and meat production substantially in the tropics and subtropics, and the farmers will likely find this simple management acceptable due to the high yield obtained through this management. However, there is a paucity of work in this field. Therefore, management strategies to improve the nutritive value of Napier grass are required to increase milk and meat production in the tropics and subtropics and in doing so improve the food security of more than half of the global population living in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rafiq Islam
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Livestock Production and Welfare Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Sergio C. Garcia
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Livestock Production and Welfare Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathu R. Sarker
- Krishi Gobeshona Foundation, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council Complex, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Islam
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | - Cameron E. F. Clark
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Livestock Production and Welfare Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
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Muktar MS, Bizuneh T, Anderson W, Assefa Y, Negawo AT, Teshome A, Habte E, Muchugi A, Feyissa T, Jones CS. Analysis of global Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) collections reveals high genetic diversity among genotypes with some redundancy between collections. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14509. [PMID: 37667017 PMCID: PMC10477186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity amongst genotypes of several Napier grass collections was analyzed and compared with the diversity in a set of open pollinated progeny plants. A total of 114,881 SNP and 46,293 SilicoDArT genome-wide markers were generated on 574 Napier grass genotypes. Of these, 86% of the SNP and 66% of the SilicoDArT markers were mapped onto the fourteen chromosomes of the Napier grass genome. For genetic diversity analysis, a subset of highly polymorphic and informative SNP markers was filtered using genomic position information, a maximum of 10% missing values, a minimum minor allele frequency of 5%, and a maximum linkage-disequilibrium value of 0.5. Extensive genetic variation, with an average Nei's genetic distance value of 0.23, was identified in the material. The genotypes clustered into three major and eleven sub-clusters with high levels of genetic variation contained both within (54%) and between (46%) clusters. However, we found that there was low to moderate genetic differentiation among the collections and that some overlap and redundancy occurred between collections. The progeny plants were genetically diverse and divergent from the germplasm collections, with an average FST value of 0.08. We also reported QTL regions associated with forage biomass yield based on field phenotype data measured on a subset of the Napier grass collections. The findings of this study offer useful information for Napier grass breeding strategies, enhancement of genetic diversity, and provide a guide for the management and conservation of the collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meki S Muktar
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadelech Bizuneh
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Centre, Holeta, Ethiopia
| | - William Anderson
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 115 Coastal Ways, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Yilikal Assefa
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu T Negawo
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Teshome
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Habte
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alice Muchugi
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tileye Feyissa
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Chris S Jones
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Ismail A, Osman NB, Patrick DO. Trial of Biopellet Prepared by Napier Grass. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46037-46050. [PMID: 36570314 PMCID: PMC9773946 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pelletization from nonwoody biomass has gained a lot of attention due to its potential to secure biomass feedstock supply and pricing. Studies have been conducted to produce biopellets from different parts of Napier grass plant. In this study, two different species of Napier grass were used. Two pressure points and five different times were varied accordingly. Proximate, ultimate, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were performed to assess chemical properties. Statistical analysis of the collected data validated and supported the discussion. The produced pellets of Napier grass exhibited good energy density comparable to those in the literature based on gross calorific values. The pellet density demonstrated a significant effect with time, pressure, and feedstock ratios. The pellet durability test showed comparable characteristics to another biomass pellet. Both Pakchong Napier grass (PNG) and wild Napier grass (WNG) biopellet densities obtained were higher than 0.650 g/cm3, and the durability was higher than 95%. This signifies that the pellet can withstand repeated transfer during handling without breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad
Syakir Ismail
- HICOE
− Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of
Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, 32610Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul
Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul
Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Noridah Binti Osman
- HICOE
− Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of
Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, 32610Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul
Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul
Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - David Onoja Patrick
- Modibbo
Adama University of Technology, Yola P.M.B.2076, Yola Adamawa State, Nigeria
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Amalina F, Syukor Abd Razak A, Krishnan S, Sulaiman H, Zularisam A, Nasrullah M. Advanced techniques in the production of biochar from lignocellulosic biomass and environmental applications. CLEANER MATERIALS 2022; 6:100137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2022.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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8
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Productivity and Feed Quality Performance of Napier Grass (Cenchrus purpureus) Genotypes Growing under Different Soil Moisture Levels. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192549. [PMID: 36235418 PMCID: PMC9572638 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the semi-arid and arid environments of Sub-Sharan Africa, forage availability throughout the year is insufficient and highly limited during the dry seasons due to limited precipitation. Thus, the identification of drought stress-tolerant forage cultivars is one of the main activities in forage development programs. In this study, Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus), an important forage crop in Eastern and Central Africa that is broadly adapted to produce across tropical environments, was evaluated for its water use efficiency and production performance under field drought stress conditions. Eighty-four Napier grass genotypes were evaluated for their drought stress tolerance from 2018 to 2020 using agro-morphological and feed quality traits under two soil moisture stress regimes during the dry season, i.e., moderate (MWS) and severe (SWS) water stress conditions, and under rainfed conditions in the wet season (wet). Overall, the results indicated the existence of genotype variation for the traits studied. In general, the growth and productivity of the genotypes declined under SWS compared to MWS conditions. High biomass-yielding genotypes with enhanced WUE were consistently observed across harvests in each soil moisture stress regime. In addition, the top biomass-yielding genotypes produced the highest annual crude protein yield, indicating the possibility of developing high-feed-quality Napier grass genotypes for drought stress environments.
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9
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Du Z, Yamasaki S, Oya T, Nguluve D, Euridse D, Tinga B, Macome F, Cai Y. Microbial Co-occurrence Network and Fermentation Information of Natural Woody-Plant Silage Prepared With Grass and Crop By-Product in Southern Africa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:756209. [PMID: 35369476 PMCID: PMC8964296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.756209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate the use of woody plant (WP) as a natural biomass resource to address the shortage of feed for ruminants in the tropics, we use PacBio SMRT sequencing to explore the microbial co-occurrence network and silage fermentation of gliricidia and leucaena prepared with Napier grass (NG) and corn stover (CS) in Southern Africa. Based on dry matter, the crude protein contents of WP are as high as 25%. Compared with NG, the addition of CS speed up the dynamic succession of microorganisms in the silage fermentation process from Gram-negative bacteria to Gram-positive bacteria, and promoted Lactiplantibacillus plantarum to become the dominant community and enhanced the metabolic pathways of lactic acid and citric acid, thus improved the fermentation flavour and quality of WP silage. WP can be mixed with CS to make high-quality silage, which can alleviate the shortage of feed and promote local animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Du
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan.,College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Seishi Yamasaki
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Oya
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Damiao Nguluve
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Denise Euridse
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Benedito Tinga
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | | | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
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10
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Muktar MS, Habte E, Teshome A, Assefa Y, Negawo AT, Lee KW, Zhang J, Jones CS. Insights Into the Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits in Napier Grass ( Cenchrus purpureus) and QTL Regions Governing Forage Biomass Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Feed Quality Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:678862. [PMID: 35069609 PMCID: PMC8776657 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Napier grass is the most important perennial tropical grass native to Sub-Saharan Africa and widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, primarily as a forage crop for animal feed, but with potential as an energy crop and in a wide range of other areas. Genomic resources have recently been developed for Napier grass that need to be deployed for genetic improvement and molecular dissection of important agro-morphological and feed quality traits. From a diverse set of Napier grass genotypes assembled from two independent collections, a subset of 84 genotypes (although a small population size, the genotypes were selected to best represent the genetic diversity of the collections) were selected and evaluated for 2 years in dry (DS) and wet (WS) seasons under three soil moisture conditions: moderate water stress in DS (DS-MWS); severe water stress in DS (DS-SWS) and, under rainfed (RF) conditions in WS (WS-RF). Data for agro-morphological and feed quality traits, adjusted for the spatial heterogeneity in the experimental blocks, were collected over a 2-year period from 2018 to 2020. A total of 135,706 molecular markers were filtered, after removing markers with missing values >10% and a minor allele frequency (MAF) <5%, from the high-density genome-wide markers generated previously using the genotyping by sequencing (GBS) method of the DArTseq platform. A genome-wide association study (GWAS), using two different mixed linear model algorithms implemented in the GAPIT R package, identified more than 35 QTL regions and markers associated with agronomic, morphological, and water-use efficiency traits. QTL regions governing purple pigmentation and feed quality traits were also identified. The identified markers will be useful in the genetic improvement of Napier grass through the application of marker-assisted selection and for further characterization and map-based cloning of the QTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meki S. Muktar
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Habte
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Teshome
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yilikal Assefa
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu T. Negawo
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ki-Won Lee
- Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chris S. Jones
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Dos-Santos CM, Nascimento WBA, do Nascimento BP, Schwab S, Baldani JI, Vidal MS. Temporal assessment of root and shoot colonization of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) host seedlings by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strain LP343. Microbiol Res 2020; 244:126651. [PMID: 33383369 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a species of great agronomic potential due to its growth-promotion traits. Its colonization process in different plants has been reported. However, there have been no studies regarding its structural colonization in elephant grass. This is a fast-growing C4-Poaceae plant, and its application in Brazil is mainly aimed at feeding dairy cattle, due to its high nutritional value. Also, in the last decade, this grass has been applied in the production of biofuels. The present study aimed to monitor the colonization process of strain LP343 of G. diazotrophicus inoculated in elephant grass seedlings of PCEA genotype, by using a mCherry-tagged bacterium. Samples of roots and shoots collected at different periods were visualized by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. The colony-counting assay was used to compare the number of cells recovered in different niches and a qPCR was performed for the quantification of endophytic cells in root and shoot tissues. Results suggested that the strain LP343 quickly recognized the PCEA roots as host, attached to the elephant grass roots at 6 h, and 7 days after inoculation were able to colonize the xylem vessels of roots and shoots of elephant grass. This study advances our knowledge about the colonization process of G. diazotrophicus species in elephant grass, contributing to future studies involving the plant-bacteria interaction cultivated under gnotobiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Dos-Santos
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23891-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wiglison B A Nascimento
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23891-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Agronomia, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna P do Nascimento
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23891-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Tecnologia, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23891-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - José I Baldani
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23891-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia S Vidal
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23891-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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12
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Mekuriaw S, Tsunekawa A, Ichinohe T, Tegegne F, Haregeweyn N, Kobayashi N, Tassew A, Mekuriaw Y, Walie M, Tsubo M, Okuro T, Meshesha DT, Meseret M, Sam L, Fievez V. Effect of Feeding Improved Grass Hays and Eragrostis Tef Straw Silage on Milk Yield, Nitrogen Utilization, and Methane Emission of Lactating Fogera Dairy Cows in Ethiopia. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1021. [PMID: 32545346 PMCID: PMC7341230 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritionally imbalanced poor-quality diet feeding is the major constraint of dairy production in tropical regions. Hence, alternative high-quality roughage-based diets are required to improve milk yield and reduce methane emission (CH4). Thus, we tested the effects of feeding natural pasture hay, improved forage grass hays (Napier and Brachiaria Hybrid), and treated crop residues (Eragrostis tef straw) on nutrient digestibility, milk yield, nitrogen balance, and methane emission. The eight lactating Fogera cows selected for the experiment were assigned randomly to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were housed in well-ventilated individual pens and fed a total mixed ration (TMR) comprising 70% roughage and 30% concentrate. The four roughage-based basal dietary treatments supplemented with formulated concentrate were: Control (natural pasture hay (NPH)); treated teff straw silage (TTS); Napier grass hay (NGH); and Brachiaria hybrid grass hay (BhH). Compared with the control diet, the daily milk yield increased (p < 0.01) by 31.9%, 52.9%, and 71.6% with TTS, NGH, and BhH diets, respectively. Cows fed BhH had the highest dry matter intake (8.84 kg/d), followed by NGH (8.10 kg/d) and TTS (7.71 kg/d); all of these intakes were greater (p = 0.01) than that of NPH (6.21 kg/d). Nitrogen digestibility increased (p < 0.01) from the NPH diet to TTS (by 27.7%), NGH (21.7%), and BhH (39.5%). The concentration of ruminal ammonia nitrogen was higher for cows fed NGH than other diets (p = 0.01) and positively correlated with plasma urea nitrogen concentration (R² = 0.45). Feeding TTS, NGH, and BhH hay as a basal diet changed the nitrogen excretion pathway from urine to feces, which can help protect against environmental pollution. Estimated methane yields per dry matter intake and milk yield were decreased in dairy cows fed BhH, NGH, and TTS diets when compared to cows fed an NPH diet (p < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding of TTS, NGH, and BhH roughages as a basal diet to lactating dairy cows in tropical regions improved nutrient intake and digestibility, milk yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and reduced enteric methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigdaf Mekuriaw
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences (UGSAS), 4-101 Koyama-Minami Tottori-shi, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute, Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Atsushi Tsunekawa
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (A.T.); (N.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Toshiyoshi Ichinohe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan;
| | - Firew Tegegne
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 5501, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; (F.T.); (Y.M.); (A.T.); (D.T.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Nigussie Haregeweyn
- International Platform for Dry Land Research and Education, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan;
| | - Nobuyuki Kobayashi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (A.T.); (N.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Asaminew Tassew
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 5501, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; (F.T.); (Y.M.); (A.T.); (D.T.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Yeshambel Mekuriaw
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 5501, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; (F.T.); (Y.M.); (A.T.); (D.T.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Misganaw Walie
- Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute, Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; (M.W.); (M.M.)
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 5501, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; (F.T.); (Y.M.); (A.T.); (D.T.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Mitsuru Tsubo
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (A.T.); (N.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Toshiya Okuro
- Laboratory of Landscape Ecology and Planning, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Derege Tsegaye Meshesha
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 5501, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; (F.T.); (Y.M.); (A.T.); (D.T.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Mulugeta Meseret
- Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute, Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Laiju Sam
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 5501, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; (F.T.); (Y.M.); (A.T.); (D.T.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
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Osman NA, Ujang FA, Roslan AM, Ibrahim MF, Hassan MA. The effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Final Discharge on the Characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6613. [PMID: 32313095 PMCID: PMC7171106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoremediation is one of the environmental-friendly and cost-effective systems for the treatment of wastewater, including industrial wastewater such as palm oil mill effluent final discharge (POME FD). However, the effects of the wastewater on the phytoremediator plants, in term of growth performance, lignocellulosic composition, and the presence of nutrients and heavy metals in the plants are not yet well studied. In the present work, we demonstrated that POME FD increased the growth of P. purpureum. The height increment of P. purpureum supplied with POME FD (treatment) was 61.72% as compared to those supplied with rain water (control) which was 14.42%. For lignocellulosic composition, the cellulose percentages were 38.77 ± 0.29% (treatment) and 34.16 ± 1.01% (control), and the difference was significant. These results indicated that POME FD could be a source of plant nutrients, which P. purpureum can absorb for growth. It was also found that the heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb) inside the plant were below the standard limit of the World Health Organization (WHO). Since POME FD was shown to have no adverse effects on P. purpureum, further research regarding the potential application of P. purpureum following phytoremediation of POME FD such as biofuel production is warranted to evaluate its potential use to fit into the waste-to-wealth agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Atiqah Osman
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farhana Aziz Ujang
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Paul BK, Groot JCJ, Maass BL, Notenbaert AMO, Herrero M, Tittonell PA. Improved feeding and forages at a crossroads: Farming systems approaches for sustainable livestock development in East Africa. OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE 2020; 49:13-20. [PMID: 33281228 PMCID: PMC7684558 DOI: 10.1177/0030727020906170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dairy development provides substantial potential economic opportunities for smallholder farmers in East Africa, but productivity is constrained by the scarcity of quantity and quality feed. Ruminant livestock production is also associated with negative environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, air pollution, high water consumption, land-use change, and loss of biodiversity. Improved livestock feeding and forages have been highlighted as key entry point to sustainable intensification, increasing food security, and decreasing environmental trade-offs including GHG emission intensities. In this perspective article, we argue that farming systems approaches are essential to understand the multiple roles and impacts of forages in smallholder livelihoods. First, we outline the unique position of forages in crop-livestock systems and systemic obstacles to adoption that call for multidisciplinary thinking. Second, we discuss the importance of matching forage technologies with agroecological and socioeconomic contexts and niches, and systems agronomy that is required. Third, we demonstrate the usefulness of farming systems modeling to estimate multidimensional impacts of forages and for reducing agro-environmental trade-offs. We conclude that improved forages in East Africa are at a crossroads: if adopted by farmers at scale, they can be a cornerstone of pathways toward sustainable livestock systems in East Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe K Paul
- Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Birthe K Paul, Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), PO Box 823-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), PO Box 430, Wageningen, 6700 AK, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen CJ Groot
- Department of Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte L Maass
- Division of Crop Production Systems in the Tropics, Department for Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - An MO Notenbaert
- Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Herrero
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), St Lucia, Australia
| | - Pablo A Tittonell
- Department of Agroecology, Environment and Systems Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias de Bariloche (IFAB), INTA-CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
- Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Agroécologie et Intensification Durable (AïDA), Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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15
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Bioenergy Yields from Sequential Bioethanol and Biomethane Production: An Optimized Process Flow. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su12010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of different stages of the bioethanol production process (pretreatment, hydrolysis, and distillation) for bioethanol and biomethane production, and studies the critical steps for the liquid and the solid fractions to be separated and discarded to improve the efficiency of the production chain. For this, Napier grass (a fast-growing grass) from Effurun town of Delta State in Nigeria was used and the novel pretreatment method, nitrogen explosive decompression (NED), was applied at different temperatures. The results show that the lowest glucose (13.7 g/L) and ethanol titers (8.4 g/L) were gained at 150 °C. The highest glucose recovery (31.3 g/L) was obtained at 200 °C and the maximum ethanol production (10.3 g/L) at 170 °C. Methane yields are higher in samples pretreated at lower temperatures. The maximum methane yields were reported in samples from the solid fraction of post-pretreatment (pretreated at 150 °C, 1.13 mol CH4/100 g) and solid fraction of the post-hydrolysis stage (pretreated at 150 °C, 1.00 mol CH4/100 g). The lowest biomethane production was noted in samples from the liquid fraction of post-pretreatment broth (between 0.14 mol CH4/100 g and 0.24 mol CH4/100 g). From the process point of view, samples from liquid fraction of post-pretreatment broth should be separated and discarded from the bioethanol production process, since they do not add value to the production chain. The results suggest that bioethanol and biomethane concentrations are influenced by the pretreatment temperature. Napier grass has potential for bioethanol and further biomethane production and it can be used as an alternative source of energy for the transportation sector in Nigeria and other countries rich in grasses and provide energy security to their population.
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16
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Rocha JRDASDC, Marçal TDS, Salvador FV, da Silva AC, Carneiro PCS, de Resende MDV, Carneiro JDC, Azevedo ALS, Pereira JF, Machado JC. Unraveling candidate genes underlying biomass digestibility in elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:548. [PMID: 31822283 PMCID: PMC6905061 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elephant grass [Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone] is used for bioenergy and animal feed. In order to identify candidate genes that could be exploited for marker-assisted selection in elephant grass, this study aimed to investigate changes in predictive accuracy using genomic relationship information and simple sequence repeats for eight traits (height, green biomass, dry biomass, acid and neutral detergent fiber, lignin content, biomass digestibility, and dry matter concentration) linked to bioenergetics and animal feeding. RESULTS We used single-step, genome-based best linear unbiased prediction and genome association methods to investigate changes in predictive accuracy and find candidate genes using genomic relationship information. Genetic variability (p < 0.05) was detected for most of the traits evaluated. In general, the overall means for the traits varied widely over the cuttings, which was corroborated by a significant genotype by cutting interaction. Knowing the genomic relationships increased the predictive accuracy of the biomass quality traits. We found that one marker (M28_161) was significantly associated with high values of biomass digestibility. The marker had moderate linkage disequilibrium with another marker (M35_202) that, in general, was detected in genotypes with low values of biomass digestibility. In silico analysis revealed that both markers have orthologous regions in other C4 grasses such as Setaria viridis, Panicum hallii, and Panicum virgatum, and these regions are located close to candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall molecules (xyloglucan and lignin), which support their association with biomass digestibility. CONCLUSIONS The markers and candidate genes identified here are useful for breeding programs aimed at changing biomass digestibility in elephant grass. These markers can be used in marker-assisted selection to grow elephant grass cultivars for different uses, e.g., bioenergy production, bio-based products, co-products, bioactive compounds, and animal feed.
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Maleko D, Mwilawa A, Msalya G, Pasape L, Mtei K. Forage growth, yield and nutritional characteristics of four varieties of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) in the west Usambara highlands, Tanzania. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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18
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Wan Ab Karim Ghani W, Salleh M, Adam S, Shafri H, Shaharum S, Lim K, Rubinsin N, Lam H, Hasan A, Samsatli S, Tapia J, Khezri R, Jaye IFM, Martinez-Hernandez E. Sustainable bio-economy that delivers the environment–food–energy–water nexus objectives: The current status in Malaysia. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Muktar MS, Teshome A, Hanson J, Negawo AT, Habte E, Domelevo Entfellner JB, Lee KW, Jones CS. Genotyping by sequencing provides new insights into the diversity of Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) and reveals variation in genome-wide LD patterns between collections. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6936. [PMID: 31061417 PMCID: PMC6502793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Napier grass is an important tropical forage-grass and of growing potential as an energy crop. One-hundred-five Napier grass accessions, encompassing two independent collections, were subjected to genotyping by sequencing which generated a set of high-density genome-wide markers together with short sequence reads. The reads, averaging 54 nucleotides, were mapped to the pearl millet genome and the closest genes and annotation information were used to select candidate genes linked to key forage traits. 980 highly polymorphic SNP markers, distributed across the genome, were used to assess population structure and diversity with seven-subgroups identified. A few representative accessions were selected with the objective of distributing subsets of a manageable size for further evaluation. Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses revealed a fast LD-decay, on average 2.54 kbp, in the combined population with a slower LD-decay in the ILRI collection compared with the EMBRAPA collection, the significance of which is discussed. This initiative generated high-density markers with a good distribution across the genome. The diversity analysis revealed the existence of a substantial amount of variation in the ILRI collection and identified some unique materials from the EMBRAPA collection, demonstrating the potential of the overall population for further genetic and marker-trait-association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meki S Muktar
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Teshome
- Teagasc
- CELUP Crop Research, Oak Park, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Jean Hanson
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu T Negawo
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Habte
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Ki-Won Lee
- Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Chris S Jones
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Paudel D, Kannan B, Yang X, Harris-Shultz K, Thudi M, Varshney RK, Altpeter F, Wang J. Surveying the genome and constructing a high-density genetic map of napiergrass (Cenchrus purpureus Schumach). Sci Rep 2018; 8:14419. [PMID: 30258215 PMCID: PMC6158254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Napiergrass (Cenchrus purpureus Schumach) is a tropical forage grass and a promising lignocellulosic biofuel feedstock due to its high biomass yield, persistence, and nutritive value. However, its utilization for breeding has lagged behind other crops due to limited genetic and genomic resources. In this study, next-generation sequencing was first used to survey the genome of napiergrass. Napiergrass sequences displayed high synteny to the pearl millet genome and showed expansions in the pearl millet genome along with genomic rearrangements between the two genomes. An average repeat content of 27.5% was observed in napiergrass including 5,339 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Furthermore, to construct a high-density genetic map of napiergrass, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was employed in a bi-parental population of 185 F1 hybrids. A total of 512 million high quality reads were generated and 287,093 SNPs were called by using multiple de-novo and reference-based SNP callers. Single dose SNPs were used to construct the first high-density linkage map that resulted in 1,913 SNPs mapped to 14 linkage groups, spanning a length of 1,410 cM and a density of 1 marker per 0.73 cM. This map can be used for many further genetic and genomic studies in napiergrass and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Paudel
- Agronomy Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Baskaran Kannan
- Agronomy Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Xiping Yang
- Agronomy Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Karen Harris-Shultz
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Mahendar Thudi
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324, Telangana State, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324, Telangana State, India
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jianping Wang
- Agronomy Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
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Mapato C, Wanapat M. Comparison of silage and hay of dwarf Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) fed to Thai native beef bulls. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1473-1477. [PMID: 29572585 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Both quantity and quality of forages are important in dry season feeding. Eight Thai native beef bulls were arranged in a Completely randomized design to evaluate dwarf Napier namely Sweet grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mahasarakham) preserved as silage or hay on feed intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation. The animals were fed with forage ad libitum supplemented with concentrate mixture at 1.0% of BW for 21 days; data were collected during the last 7 days. The results showed that there were differences (P < 0.05) between treatments in dry matter (DM) intake, DM digestibility, and ruminal pH, in which hay feeding gave enhanced feed intake and more favorable ruminal pH. Nevertheless, mean ruminal ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs), proportion of VFAs, bacterial and protozoal population, and blood urea nitrogen were similar (P > 0.05) in animals fed silage and hay. Sweet grass is better preserved as hay rather than silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowarit Mapato
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Gondo T, Umami N, Muguerza M, Akashi R. Plant regeneration from embryogenic callus derived from shoot apices and production of transgenic plants by particle inflow gun in dwarf napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2017; 34:143-150. [PMID: 31275020 PMCID: PMC6565997 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.17.0623a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) is a highly productive C4 tropical forage grass that has been targeted as a potential bioenergy crop. To further increase the efficiency of bioethanol production by molecular breeding, a reliable protocol for genetically transforming napier grass is essential. In this study, we report the creation of transgenic napier grass plants derived from embryogenic callus cultures of shoot apices. Embryogenic callus was initiated in three accessions of napier grass and a napier grass×pearl millet hybrid using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 50 µM copper sulfate (CuSO4). Of the accessions tested, a dwarf type with late-heading (DL line) had the best response for embryogenic callus formation. Highly regenerative calli that formed dense polyembryogenic clusters were selected as target tissues for transformation. A plasmid vector, pAHC25, containing an herbicide-resistance gene (bar) and the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene was used in particle bombardment experiments. Target tissues treated with 0.6 M osmoticum were bombarded, and transgenic plants were selected under 5.0 mg L-1 bialaphos selection. Although a total of 1400 target tissues yielded nine GUS-positive bialaphos-resistant calli, only one transgenic line that was derived from target tissue with the shortest culture term produced four transgenic plants. Thus, the length of time that the target tissue is in callus culture was one of the most important factors for acquiring transgenic plants in napier grass. This is the first report of successfully producing transgenic napier grass plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Gondo
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Nafiatul Umami
- Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Fauna 01 Sleman Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Melody Muguerza
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ryo Akashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-985-58-7257 Fax: +81-985-58-7761
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