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Sana B, Chand N, Naz S, Alhidary IA, Khan RU, Shamsi S, Losacco C, Tufarelli V. Effects of hempseed ( Cannabis sativa L.) in diet on growth, gut health, and immunity in broilers. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-10. [PMID: 38889341 PMCID: PMC11188954 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2367214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different levels of hempseed (HS) on growth performance, immunity and gut health in broiler chickens. A total of 192 Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed HS as follow: control (HS0), HS 10% (HS-10), HS 15% (HS-15) and HS 20% (HS-20). The study on HS supplementation in broilers revealed no significant impacts on feed intake during the starter (p = .2294) and finisher phases (p = .2294), or overall (p = .0944), though numerical increases were noted with higher HS levels. Body weight gain showed no significant influence in the starter and finisher phases, with overall weight gain also not significantly different (p = .0944), but numerically higher with increased HS. Feed conversion ratio was unaffected in the starter (p = .6986) and finisher phases (p = .6425), and overall (p = .2218). Dressing percentage (p = .1062) and mortality (p = .1631) were not significantly altered, but HS-20 had the highest dressing percentage and lowest mortality numerically. White blood cell counts increased significantly (p = .0377), especially in HS-15 and HS-20 groups. IgM and IgG production was higher in HS-20 on day 28 (p = .021). Gut pH (p > .05) and intestinal histomorphology (p > .05) were not significantly affected, although villus height increased numerically with higher HS levels. These results suggest potential benefits of HS, especially at higher inclusion levels. In conclusion, the obtained results indicated that HS incorporation into the diet of broilers did not affect the growth performance and gut health; however, the immune responses were significantly higher at 15 and 20% levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Sana
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naila Chand
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shamsuddin Shamsi
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Caterina Losacco
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Italy
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Ghanbari M, Mousavi SN, Chamani M. Effects of different lipid sources on performance, blood lipid parameters, immune system activity, and expression of TNFα and TLR4 genes in broiler chickens. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106873. [PMID: 39002707 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of different lipid sources on the performance, blood lipid parameters, immune system activity, and the expression of TNFα and TLR4 genes in broiler chickens. A total of 500 one-day-old male chicks of the ROSS 308 commercial strain were allocated into four treatment groups with five replicates each (each replicate comprised of 25 chickens), following a randomized design. The treatments were as follows: (1) a diet incorporating palm oil (PO, a source of saturated fatty acids); (2) a diet incorporating flaxseed oil (FO, a source of omega-3); (3) a diet incorporating soybean oil (SO, a source of omega-6); and (4) a diet incorporating olive oil (OO, a source of omega-9). According to the findings, the broiler chickens exhibited a significant increase in body weight gain (BWG) throughout the study when their diet consisted of unsaturated oils, as opposed to a diet including PO. Conversely, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly decreased (P<0.01). The treatment with FO resulted in the highest percentage of lymphocytes and antibody titers against Newcastle and Gumboro diseases, showing a significant difference compared to the treatment with PO (P<0.01). Moreover, the relative expression of TNFα and TLR4 genes was the lowest following the FO treatment, indicating a significant decrease compared to the treatment with PO. Overall, the present findings demonstrated that incorporating omega-3 fatty acids into the diet was more effective in enhancing the growth performance, immune system, and health of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ghanbari
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran.
| | - Seyed Naser Mousavi
- Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Chamani
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran.
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Lanzoni D, Skrivanova E, Pinotti L, Rebucci R, Baldi A, Giromini C. Review: Nutritional aspects of hemp-based products and their effects on health and performance of monogastric animals. Animal 2024; 18:101058. [PMID: 38211413 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture aims to produce food and feed that ensure food security and play a key role in environmental protection. For this, producers, supported by scientific research, are investigating new protein alternatives for animals that guarantee high performance and preserve their health. Among these, hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is gaining great success, both for its active role in environmental conservation and for the high nutritional profile of the seeds (20-30% carbohydrates, 25-30% proteins easy to digest and rich in essential amino acids, and 25-35% lipids with a balanced fatty acid composition), also ensured by the co-products, particularly seed cakes (30-34% proteins and 10-12% lipids). However, the last scientific report by the European Food Safety Authority for the use of hemp-based products in the feed sector now dates back to 2011. For this reason, the objective of this review, in addition to outlining the nutritional profile of hempseeds (HSs) and co-products, aims to investigate their use in the monogastric sector, particularly in the diets of pigs, broilers, and laying hens, by summarising the main works in the literature up to 2023, investigating the effects on animal health and performances. The reported results showed that the addition of 50 g/kg of HSs and HS oil improved the nutritional profile of milk and colostrum in lactating sows, particularly the lipid profile, positively affecting the health of piglets. For broilers, the inclusion of HSs (20 g/kg) resulted in better values on growth performance. This was not matched by the addition of HS oil (up to 60 g/kg). In particular, although a better polyunsaturated fatty acid profile was observed, the results on growth performance were contradictory. The same trend was observed for HSs cakes with 50, 150, and 200 g/kg inclusion. For laying hens, the inclusion of HSs (up to 250 g/kg), HS oil (up to 300 g/kg), and HSs cake (up to 150 g/kg) increased the nutritional and functional profile of the eggs, safeguarding performance and animal welfare. However, despite the promising results, the function of hemp-based products in the diet of monogastric animals needs to be further investigated to identify the optimal level of inclusion and timing of administration, necessary to ensure high performance and health of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lanzoni
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 29600 Lodi, Italy
| | - E Skrivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Sciences, Pratelstvi 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Pinotti
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 29600 Lodi, Italy; CRC, Innovation for Well-Being and Environment, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - R Rebucci
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 29600 Lodi, Italy
| | - A Baldi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 29600 Lodi, Italy
| | - C Giromini
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 29600 Lodi, Italy; CRC, Innovation for Well-Being and Environment, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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Arango S, Kojić J, Perović L, Đermanović B, Stojanov N, Sikora V, Tomičić Z, Raffrenato E, Bailoni L. Chemical Characterization of 29 Industrial Hempseed ( Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties. Foods 2024; 13:210. [PMID: 38254511 PMCID: PMC10814438 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemp is considered one of the potential novel crops for human and animal nutrition. This study aimed to determine the complete chemical composition of 29 different varieties of whole hempseeds. Fatty acid composition, amino acid profile, mineral composition, and cannabinoids content were also evaluated. All hempseed varieties were milled to obtain whole hempseed flour. Differences between hempseed varieties were significant (p < 0.05) for all measured parameters. Proximate composition results showed that crude protein and fat contents varied from 21.6-28.9% and 21.1-35.7%, respectively. Fatty acid profiles revealed that the three major fatty acids were linoleic acid (52.79-57.13%) followed by α-linolenic acid (12.62-20.24%), and oleic acid (11.08-17.81%). All essential amino acids were detected in all varieties, with arginine (12.66-17.56 mg/100 g protein) present in abundance, whereas lysine was limiting. Substantial differences were found in the mineral content, and potassium (509.96-1182.65 mg/100 g) and iron (5.06-32.37 mg/100 mg) were the main macro- and microminerals found. All cannabinoids were found in small traces and tetrahydrocannabidiol (THC) was only detected in five varieties. To conclude, the nutritional composition of hempseeds with hull makes them suitable to be added into the diets of humans or animals as a highly beneficial novel ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyla Arango
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell’Universitá 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (S.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Jovana Kojić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevard Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.K.); (L.P.); (B.Đ.); (Z.T.)
| | - Lidija Perović
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevard Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.K.); (L.P.); (B.Đ.); (Z.T.)
| | - Branislava Đermanović
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevard Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.K.); (L.P.); (B.Đ.); (Z.T.)
| | - Nadežda Stojanov
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Vladimir Sikora
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Zorica Tomičić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevard Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.K.); (L.P.); (B.Đ.); (Z.T.)
| | - Emiliano Raffrenato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell’Universitá 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (S.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Lucia Bailoni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell’Universitá 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (S.A.); (E.R.)
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Rbah Y, Taaifi Y, Allay A, Belhaj K, Melhaoui R, Houmy N, Ben Moumen A, Azeroual E, Addi M, Mansouri F, Serghini-Caid H, Elamrani A. A Comprehensive Exploration of the Fatty Acids Profile, Cholesterol, and Tocopherols Levels in Liver from Laying Hens Fed Diets Containing Nonindustrial Hemp Seed. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:8848436. [PMID: 38222849 PMCID: PMC10783980 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8848436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of dietary nonindustrial Moroccan hemp seed (HS) on the fatty acid profile, cholesterol, and tocopherol levels, in the liver of 120 Lohmann brown laying hens aged 22 weeks during 12 weeks of treatment. The hens are randomly allocated into four treatment groups, each subdivided into six replicates with five birds in each replicate. The dietary treatments consist of 0% HS (control), 10% HS, 20% HS, and 30% HS. Results indicate a substantial increase (p < 0.01) in polyunsaturated fatty acids, including omega 3 (n-3) and omega 6 (n-6) types, with the inclusion of HS in the diet. The n-6/n-3 ratio is significantly reduced (p < 0.01), and there is a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in saturated fatty acids only for the 30% HS treatment, indicating a more favorable fatty acid composition. Cholesterol levels remain largely unaffected by HS inclusion, except for the 10% HS group, which shows a significant decrease (p < 0.05). Moreover, hepatic tocopherol levels are significantly elevated (p < 0.01) in subjects receiving the HS diet, with the 30% HS group exhibiting the highest tocopherol content. In summary, incorporating HS into the diet up to 30% appears to offer promising benefits for hepatic lipid composition, particularly in terms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the n-6/n-3 ratio, and tocopherol levels, while having minimal impact on cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Rbah
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Yassine Taaifi
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Aymane Allay
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Kamal Belhaj
- Laboratory of Sustainable Agriculture Management, Higher School of Technology Sidi Bennour, University Chouaib Doukkali, Street Jabran Khalil Jabran BP 299-24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Reda Melhaoui
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Nadia Houmy
- Agro-Food Technology and Quality Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Oujda National Institute of Agricultural Research, Ennasr Av, BP 415, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Abdessamad Ben Moumen
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | | | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Farid Mansouri
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- Laboratory LSAIP Higher School of Education and Training, Mohammed I University, BP-410, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Hana Serghini-Caid
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Elamrani
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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Juodka R, Nainienė R, Šiukščius A, Leikus R, Šarauskas G. Effects of Dietary Hempseed or Camelina Cakes on Fatty Acid Composition of Quail Meat. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:53. [PMID: 38255668 PMCID: PMC10817457 DOI: 10.3390/life14010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary hempseed or camelina cakes on the fatty acid profiles of intramuscular fat in quail. A total of 189 one-day-old quail were allocated to three dietary treatment groups. The diet of the control (C) group was supplemented with 10% rapeseed cake, whereas the rapeseed in experimental 1 (HE) and experimental 2 (CA) groups was replaced by, respectively, hempseed cake and camelina cake in the same proportions. The length of the study was 42 days. Dietary enrichment with camelina cake increased the α-linolenic fatty acid (ALA) content in the meat of CA group 2.5 times (p < 0.01). The muscle tissues of CA contained 3.4-3 times more eicosapentaenoic acid (p < 0.01), 1.2 times more docosapentaenoic acid (p < 0.05-p < 0.01) and 1.3 times more docosahexaenoic acid (p < 0.01) and, thus, demonstrated the increase in total long chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p < 0.01) and total n-3 PUFA (p < 0.01) compared with the C group. The ALA and total n-3 PUFA content in the breast and leg meat of HE-treated quail were, respectively, 1.3 and 1.1 times higher (p < 0.01) than in the C group but the accumulation was lower compared to the CA group. The content of γ-linolenic acid was found to be 1.21-1.31 times higher in HE quail meat (p < 0.01). However, hempseed cake supplementation had a negative effect on growth performance. The supplementation of quail feed with camelina or hempseed cakes resulted in the production of healthy meat with an increased n-3 PUFA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertas Juodka
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Zebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Nainienė
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Zebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania; (A.Š.); (G.Š.)
| | - Artūras Šiukščius
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Zebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania; (A.Š.); (G.Š.)
| | - Raimondas Leikus
- Department of Animal Feeding and Feedstuffs, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Zebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
| | - Giedrius Šarauskas
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Zebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania; (A.Š.); (G.Š.)
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Hassan FU, Liu C, Mehboob M, Bilal RM, Arain MA, Siddique F, Chen F, Li Y, Zhang J, Shi P, Lv B, Lin Q. Potential of dietary hemp and cannabinoids to modulate immune response to enhance health and performance in animals: opportunities and challenges. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285052. [PMID: 38111585 PMCID: PMC10726122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are a group of bioactive compounds abundantly present in Cannabis sativa plant. The active components of cannabis with therapeutic potential are known as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are divided into three groups: plant-derived cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and synthetic cannabinoids. These compounds play a crucial role in the regulation various physiological processes including the immune modulation by interacting with the endocannabinoid system (A complex cell-signaling system). Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) stimulates the binding of orexigenic peptides and inhibits the attachment of anorexigenic proteins to hypothalamic neurons in mammals, increasing food intake. Digestibility is unaffected by the presence of any cannabinoids in hemp stubble. Endogenous cannabinoids are also important for the peripheral control of lipid processing in adipose tissue, in addition to their role in the hypothalamus regulation of food intake. Regardless of the kind of synaptic connection or the length of the transmission, endocannabinoids play a crucial role in inhibiting synaptic transmission through a number of mechanisms. Cannabidiol (CBD) mainly influences redox equilibrium through intrinsic mechanisms. Useful effects of cannabinoids in animals have been mentioned e.g., for disorders of the cardiovascular system, pain treatment, disorders of the respiratory system or metabolic disorders. Dietary supplementation of cannabinoids has shown positive effects on health, growth and production performance of small and large animals. Animal fed diet supplemented with hemp seeds (180 g/day) or hemp seed cake (143 g/kg DM) had achieved batter performance without any detrimental effects. But the higher level of hemp or cannabinoid supplementation suppress immune functions and reduce productive performance. With an emphasis on the poultry and ruminants, this review aims to highlight the properties of cannabinoids and their derivatives as well as their significance as a potential feed additive in their diets to improve the immune status and health performance of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-ul Hassan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Chunjie Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Maryam Mehboob
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Bilal
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Arain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Siddique
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fengming Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jingmeng Zhang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Biguang Lv
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Tufarelli V, Losacco C, Tedone L, Passantino L, Tarricone S, Laudadio V, Colonna MA. Hemp seed ( Cannabis sativa L.) cake as sustainable dietary additive in slow-growing broilers: effects on performance, meat quality, oxidative stability and gut health. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-12. [PMID: 37715944 PMCID: PMC10524784 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2260448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemp seed cake (HSC) (Cannabis sativa L.) is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, high-quality proteins and essential amino acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of HSC on growth performance, meat quality traits, fatty acids profile and oxidative status, and intestinal morphology in slow-growing broilers. A total of 180 male slow-growing broilers were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments containing different levels of HSC: 0 (HSC0), 5 (HSC5) or 10% (HSC10). Birds were slaughtered at 49 days of age: breast and thigh muscles were analysed and duodenum mucosa histomorphological features were evaluated. Regardless the level of HSC inclusion, no differences among groups were found for performance and meat quality traits. The thigh and breast fatty acid profile were significantly improved in both HSC groups, with an increase of the long chain fatty acids of n-3 series and decrease of n-6/n-3 ratio. The HSC diets lowered the MDA concentration and lipid hydroperoxides in breast meat. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed a significant increase in villus height, surface area and villus/crypt ratio, with a decrease of crypt depth, suggesting that dietary supplementation with HSC may boost intestinal health status in poultry. In conclusion, dietary HSC did not affect performance, carcass traits and meat quality, while it positively influenced the lipid profile of meat, and improved the oxidative status and gut health, thus representing a valuable and sustainable alternative ingredient in broiler diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Losacco
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Tedone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Letizia Passantino
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Tarricone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Taubner T, Skřivan M, Englmaierová M, Malá L. Effects of hemp seed and flaxseed on enzyme activity in the broiler chicken digestive tract. Animal 2023; 17:100765. [PMID: 36965210 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of enzymes in the digestive tract is an important parameter for appropriate digestive tract function. Feed mixtures can be adjusted to support enzymatic activity in different parts of the digestive tract. Flaxseed and hemp seed are commodities and significant sources of nutrition, and their addition to feed could change enzymatic activity in the digestive tract and improve nutritional intake. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of flaxseed, hemp seed and a combination of both on basic enzymes in the polysaccharidase group, such as amylase, cellulase, pectinase, xylanase and inulinase; basic enzymes in the disaccharidase group, including maltase, invertase and lactase; proteinases and lipases in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. During the experiment, the control group was fed a diet without flaxseed or hemp seed. The diet of the second group contained 80 g/kg flaxseed, the diet of the third group contained 40 g/kg hemp seed, and the diets of the fourth to sixth groups contained 80 and 30 g/kg, 80 and 40 g/kg and 80 and 50 g/kg flaxseed and hemp seed, respectively. Enzyme activity was found to depend on the location in the digestive tract and the composition of the feed mixture (P < 0.05). Most enzymatic conversion occurs in the ileum, where the addition of flaxseed and hemp seed to the diet increased most enzyme activities, namely, amylase, cellulase, pectinase, xylanase, maltase, invertase, proteinase and lipase activities. The highest values of enzyme activity were found in groups IV-VI fed a combination of flaxseed and hempseed, especially in chickens fed diet VI (flaxseed and hemp seed at 80 and 50 g/kg). Growth performance results confirmed the enzyme activity results, as the weights of the chickens increased after the addition of flaxseed and/or hemp seed. The findings have economic implications, suggesting that feeding a diet with a combination of flaxseed and hemp seed is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taubner
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic.
| | - M Skřivan
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | - M Englmaierová
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | - L Malá
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
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10
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Taaifi Y, Belhaj K, Mansouri F, Rbah Y, Elbouanani N, Melhaoui R, Ben Moumen A, Azeroual E, Serghini-Caid H, Elamrani A. Impact of Cannabis Seed Incorporation in Layer Diet on Productive Performance and Egg Quality Traits. SCIENTIFICA 2023; 2023:5565825. [PMID: 36896045 PMCID: PMC9991471 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5565825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of nonindustrial cannabis is highly developed in the Moroccan Rif region; however, local farmers consider hemp seeds which are rich in omega 3 and tocopherols, only as by-products of cannabis cultivation with low market value. The local ecotype is considered to be a plant with a cannabinoid content of more than 0.4%. So, the objective of this research is to investigate how the incorporation of this local hemp seed affects productive performance and egg quality traits. The experiment is conducted to evaluate the effects of hemp seed (HS) incorporation on hen laying performance and physical egg quality at three levels: 10% (HS-10% group), 20% (HS-20% group), and 30% (HS-30% group). Ninety-six Lohmann Brown classic laying hens were randomly assigned to a control group and three feed treatments. The sampling was taken after the 28-week rearing period (peak egg laying). Throughout the experiment, low-rate HS inclusion (HS-10%) showed no significant differences in egg-laying performance (p > 0.05). However, the high incorporation rates of HS (20% and 30%) negatively affected the egg-laying performance (84-94% and 80-86%, respectively). The albumen quality was also improved by the HS inclusion, where the highest values of the Haugh unit were recorded, ranging between 68.69 and 73.91 for the HS-30% groups. The results also show that HS inclusion and duration influence significantly the yolk color (p < 0.001). The yellow intensity decreases with HS incorporation and aging, from a dark yellow (b ∗ = 38.63 for the control group) to a very pale yellow (b ∗ = 26.29 for HS 30% group). Based on these findings, we can conclude that the incorporation of nonindustrial Moroccan cannabis seeds (ecotype Beldiya) at low rate in the diet of laying hens does not alter the laying performance or the quality of the egg; therefore, they could be used in poultry feeding as an alternative constituent to partially replace high-cost imported ingredients, such as corn and soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Taaifi
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Kamal Belhaj
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
- Laboratory of Sustainable Agriculture Management, Higher School of Technology Sidi Bennour, University Chouaib Doukkali, Street Jabran Khalil Jabran BP 299-24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Farid Mansouri
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
- Higher School of Education and Training, Mohammed I University, BP-410, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Youssef Rbah
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Najlae Elbouanani
- Agroalimentary and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, Hassan, Karnataka, India
| | - Reda Melhaoui
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdesamad Ben Moumen
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | | | - Hana Serghini-Caid
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Elamrani
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
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11
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Yano H, Fu W. Hemp: A Sustainable Plant with High Industrial Value in Food Processing. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030651. [PMID: 36766179 PMCID: PMC9913960 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of SDGs, useful plants which provide valuable industrial outputs and at the same time pose less impact on the environment should be explored. Hemp seems one of the most relevant gluten-free crop plants to meet such requirements. Its high nutritional value is comparable to soy. Moreover, almost the whole body of the hemp plant has a wide array of utility: industrial production of food, fiber, and construction materials. In view of environmental sustainability, hemp requires less pesticides or water in cultivation compared to cotton, a representative fiber plant. This short review investigates hemp's sustainability as a plant as well as its utility value as a highly nutritional material in the food industry. Recent application research of hemp protein in food processing includes plant milk, emulsifiers, fortification of gluten-free bread, plant-based meat production, as well as membrane formation. These studies have revealed distinctive properties of hemp protein, especially in relation to disulfide (S-S)/sulfhydryl (-SH)-mediated interactions with protein from other sources. While its cultivation area and industrial use were limited for a while over confusion with marijuana, the market for industrial hemp is growing rapidly because it has been highly reevaluated in multiple areas of industry. Conclusively, with its sustainability as a plant as well as its distinctive useful property of the seed protein, hemp has promising value in the development of new foods.
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12
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Cannabidiol and Nano-Selenium Increase Microvascularization and Reduce Degenerative Changes in Superficial Breast Muscle in C. perfringens-Infected Chickens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010237. [PMID: 36613680 PMCID: PMC9820102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrated the potential of Cannabis-derived cannabidiol (CBD) and nanosized selenium (nano-Se) for the modulation of microvascularization and muscle fiber lesions in superficial breast muscle in C. perfringens-challenged chickens. The administration of CBD resulted in a decreased number of atrophic fibers (3.13 vs. 1.13/1.5 mm2) compared with the control, whereas nano-Se or both substances resulted in a decreased split fiber number (4.13 vs. 1.55/1.5 mm2) and in a lower number of necrotic myofibers (2.38 vs. 0.69/1.5 mm2) in breast muscle than the positive control. There was a significantly higher number of capillary vessels in chickens in the CBD+Nano-Se group than in the control and positive control groups (1.31 vs. 0.97 and 0.98, respectively). Feeding birds experimental diets lowered the activity of DNA damage repair enzymes, including 3,N4-ethenodeoxycytosine (by 39.6%), 1,N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine (by 37.5%), 8-oxo-guanine (by 36.2%), formamidopyrimidine (fapy)-DNA glycosylase (by 56.2%) and human alkyl adenine DNA glycosylase (by 40.2%) in the ileal mucosa, but it did not compromise the blood mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (-2.67 OD/min on average). These findings indicate a potential link between gut mucosa condition and histopathological changes in superficial pectoral muscle under induced inflammation and show the ameliorative effect of CBD and nano-Se in this cross-talk due to their protection from mucosal DNA damage.
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13
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Huang Y, Yang X, Guo J, Cheng J, Qu H, Ma J, Li L. A High-Precision Method for 100-Day-Old Classification of Chickens in Edge Computing Scenarios Based on Federated Computing. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243450. [PMID: 36552370 PMCID: PMC9774202 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the booming development of computer vision technology and artificial intelligence algorithms, it has become more feasible to implement artificial rearing of animals in real production scenarios. Improving the accuracy of day-age detection of chickens is one of the examples and is of great importance for chicken rearing. This paper focuses on the problem of classifying the age of chickens within 100 days. Due to the huge amount of data and the different computing power of different devices in practical application scenarios, it is important to maximize the computing power of edge computing devices without sacrificing accuracy. This paper proposes a high-precision federated learning-based model that can be applied to edge computing scenarios. In order to accommodate different computing power in different scenarios, this paper proposes a dual-ended adaptive federated learning framework; in order to adapt to low computing power scenarios, this paper performs lightweighting operations on the mainstream model; and in order to verify the effectiveness of the model, this paper conducts a number of targeted experiments. Compared with AlexNet, VGG, ResNet and GoogLeNet, this model improves the classification accuracy to 96.1%, which is 14.4% better than the baseline model and improves the Recall and Precision by 14.8% and 14.2%, respectively. In addition, by lightening the network, our methods reduce the inference latency and transmission latency by 24.4 ms and 10.5 ms, respectively. Finally, this model is deployed in a real-world application and an application is developed based on the wechat SDK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Huang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinze Yang
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiangyi Guo
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Qu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Lin Li
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (L.L.)
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14
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Konieczka P, Wojtasik-Kalinowska I, Poltorak A, Kinsner M, Szkopek D, Fotschki B, Juśkiewicz J, Banach J, Michalczuk M. Cannabidiol affects breast meat volatile compounds in chickens subjected to different infection models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18940. [PMID: 36344735 PMCID: PMC9640543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
No study has demonstrated the use of dietary Cannabis-derived cannabidiol (CBD) to alter the stress response in chickens or examined its effects on meat volatile compounds (VOCs). Here, we subjected chickens to dysbiosis via C. perfringens infection or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and investigated the potential link between meat VOCs and cecal bacterial activity and the ameliorative effect of CBD. The cecal bacterial production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was closely correlated with meat VOCs. CBD supplementation reduced the formation of breast meat spoilage VOCs, including alcohols, trimethylamine and pentanoic acid, in the challenged birds, partly by decreasing cecal putrefactive SCFA production. Meat VOC/cecal SCFA relationships differed according to the challenge, and CBD attenuated the effects of C. perfringens infection better than the effects of LPS challenge on meat VOCs. These findings provide new insights into the interactions among bioactive agent supplementation, gut microbiota activity and meat properties in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Konieczka
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland ,grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Poultry Science and Apiculture, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Wojtasik-Kalinowska
- grid.13276.310000 0001 1955 7966Department of Technique and Food Development, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159C Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Poltorak
- grid.13276.310000 0001 1955 7966Department of Technique and Food Development, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159C Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Misza Kinsner
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Dominika Szkopek
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- grid.425118.b0000 0004 0387 1266Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants – National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Michalczuk
- grid.13276.310000 0001 1955 7966Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Arango S, Guzzo N, Raffrenato E, Bailoni L. Effect of Dietary Hemp Cake Inclusion on the In Vivo and Post Mortem Performances of Holstein Veal Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2922. [PMID: 36359045 PMCID: PMC9657401 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifty-two male Holstein veal calves were divided into two homogeneous groups receiving two isoenergetic and isonitrogenous concentrates without (CTR group) or with 3% of hemp cake (HC group). The trial lasted for 171 days. All the calves were weighed five times during the trial. At slaughtering, carcasses were weighed and measured. Meat quality was determined on the Longissimus dorsi muscle. Average daily gain in the first period of the experiment (0-80 d) and dressing percentage and rump width of the carcasses were higher in HC group. Cooking weight losses and shear force were higher in the meat of the HC group while color parameters were similar in the two experimental groups. Unexpectedly, the alpha-linolenic acid content of meat was lower in the HC group. In conclusion, hemp cake can be considered an interesting ingredient in the concentrate used for the production of veal calves, but further studies will be needed to determine a suitable dosage in order to improve the nutritional quality of meat (i.e., the n-3 fatty acids content) without negative effects on physical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyla Arango
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell’Universitá 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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16
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Fallahi S, Bobak Ł, Opaliński S. Hemp in Animal Diets—Cannabidiol. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192541. [PMID: 36230282 PMCID: PMC9559627 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest in hemp use has grown owing to its chemical and medicinal properties. Several parts of this plant, such as seeds, leaves, flowers, and stems are used in medicine, industry, and environmental preservation. Although there were legal restrictions on hemp exploitation in some countries due to the trace presence of THC as a psychoactive element, many countries have legalized it in recent years. Cannabidiol or CBD is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid that can activate the endocannabinoid system and its receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system in bodies of different species. Cannabidiol has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, analgesic, and anti-depressant effects. This review investigates various aspects of cannabidiol use and its potential in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Fallahi
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz Bobak
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sebastian Opaliński
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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17
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A High-Performance Day-Age Classification and Detection Model for Chick Based on Attention Encoder and Convolutional Neural Network. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182425. [PMID: 36139285 PMCID: PMC9495009 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thanks to the boom of computer vision techniques and artificial intelligence algorithms, it is more available to achieve artificial rearing for animals in real production scenarios. Improving the accuracy of chicken day-age detection is one of the instances, which is of great importance for chicken rearing. To solve this problem, we proposed an attention encoder structure to extract chicken image features, trying to improve the detection accuracy. To cope with the imbalance of the dataset, various data enhancement schemes such as Cutout, CutMix, and MixUp were proposed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed attention encoder. This paper put the structure into various mainstream CNN networks for comparison and multiple ablation experiments. The final experimental results show that by applying the attention encoder structure, ResNet-50 can improve the accuracy of chicken age detection to 95.2%. Finally, this paper also designed a complete image acquisition system for chicken houses and a detection application configured for mobile devices.
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18
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Amevor FK, Cui Z, Du X, Feng J, Shu G, Ning Z, Xu D, Deng X, Song W, Wu Y, Cao X, Wei S, He J, Kong F, Du X, Tian Y, Karikari B, Li D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Zhao X. Synergy of Dietary Quercetin and Vitamin E Improves Cecal Microbiota and Its Metabolite Profile in Aged Breeder Hens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:851459. [PMID: 35656004 PMCID: PMC9152675 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.851459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the synergistic effects of quercetin (Q) and vitamin E (E) on cecal microbiota composition and function, as well as the microbial metabolic profile in aged breeder hens were investigated. A total of 400 (65 weeks old) Tianfu breeder hens were randomly allotted to four experimental groups (four replicates per group). The birds were fed diets containing quercetin at 0.4 g/kg, vitamin E (0.2 g/kg), quercetin and vitamin E (QE; 0.4 g/kg and 0.2 g/kg), and a basal diet for a period of 10 wks. After the 10 week experimental period, the cecal contents of 8 aged breeder hens per group were sampled aseptically and subjected to high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analysis. The results showed that the relative abundances of phyla Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota were the most prominent among all the dietary groups. Compared to the control group, the relative abundance of the families Bifidobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Tannerellaceae, Mathonobacteriaceae, Barnesiellaceae, and Prevotellaceae were enriched in the QE group; and Bacteroidaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Peptotostretococcaceae, and Fusobacteriaceae were enriched in the Q group, whereas those of Lactobacillaceae, Veillonellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Akkermansiaceae, and Rikenellaceae were enriched in the E group compared to the control group. Untargeted metabolomics analyses revealed that Q, E, and QE modified the abundance of several metabolites in prominent pathways including ubiquinone and other terpenoid–quinone biosynthesis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, insulin secretion, pancreatic secretion, nicotine addiction, and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. Furthermore, key cecal microbiota, significantly correlated with important metabolites, for example, (S)-equol positively correlated with Alistipes and Chlamydia in E_vs_C, and negatively correlated with Olsenella, Paraprevotella, and Mucispirillum but, a contrary trend was observed with Parabacteroides in QE_vs_C. This study establishes that the synergy of quercetin and vitamin E alters the cecal microbial composition and metabolite profile in aged breeder hens, which lays a foundation for chicken improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaxia Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zifan Ning
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Deng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weizhen Song
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youhao Wu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqing Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuo Wei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanli Kong
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Benjamin Karikari
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Thanabalan A, Ellis J, Kiarie EG. A Meta-Analysis on the Significance of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Bone Development and Quality in Egg- and Meat-Type Chickens. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.875944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry egg and meat production continue to be optimized for productivity and efficiency. However, genetic selection focusing on production efficiency has overlooked other aspects critical to bird wellbeing, such as skeletal development. As a result, modern birds are more prone to leg weakness, osteoporosis, and, subsequently, fractures. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) enrichment has been proposed to benefit bone development, quality, and strength. However, there is a lack of conclusive and quantitative results across studies. Therefore, a meta-analysis approach was used to evaluate published studies to determine the effects of dietary n-3 PUFA enrichment on bone quality in laying- and meat-type birds. Publications were retrieved from multiple sources (databases and hand searching), and ten studies were selected for inclusion in the final dataset. A model to predict tibial bone ash content (BAC) was developed in Proc MIXED of SAS, treating the study as a random effect. The dietary concentration of n-3 PUFA, n-3 PUFA:n-6 PUFA ratio, calcium (Ca), phosphorus and feeding duration (days) were used as independent variables to predict BAC. The final model included the dietary n-6:n-3 FA ratio and the calcium concentration in the diet. The final model was selected based on the corrected Akaike Information Criteria, the root mean square prediction error (0.999) and its components, and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) (0.99). In laying-type birds, BAC was reduced by n-3 PUFA (p = 0.001) but was increased by Ca (p = 0.014). In contrast, in broiler chickens, BAC was increased by n-3 PUFA (p = 0.001) and decreased by Ca (p = 0.014). The influence of n-3 PUFA:n-6 PUFA ratio on tibia BAC in laying-type birds was not statistically significant (p = 0.505), whereas in meat-type birds, the influence of PUFA ratio was significant (p < 0.05). These results may indicate a low biological significance in laying-type birds but not in meat-type birds.
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The Impact of Hempseed Consumption on Bone Parameters and Body Composition in Growing Female C57BL/6 Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105839. [PMID: 35627377 PMCID: PMC9140819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing peak bone mass is critical to healthy aging. Beyond the established roles of dietary minerals and protein on bone integrity, fatty acids and polyphenols modify bone structure. This study investigated the effect of a diet containing hempseeds (HS), which are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, on bone mineral density, bone cell populations and body composition. Groups (n = 8 each) of female C57BL/6 mice were fed one of three diets (15% HS by weight; 5% HS; 0% HS (control)) from age 5 to 30 weeks. In vivo whole-body composition and bone mineral density and content were measured every 4 weeks using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ex vivo humeri cell populations in the epiphyseal plate region were determined by sectioning the bone longitudinally, mounting the sections on slides and staining with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase stain to identify osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. Mixed models with repeated measures across experimental weeks showed that neither body weight nor body weight gain across weeks differed among groups yet mice fed the 15% HS diet consumed significantly more food and more kilocalories per g body weight gained than those fed the 5% HS and control diets (p < 0.0001). Across weeks, fat mass was significantly higher in the 5% HS versus the control group (p = 0.02). At the end point, whole-body bone mineral content was significantly higher in the control compared to the 5% HS group (p = 0.02). Humeri from both HS groups displayed significantly lower osteoblast densities compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). No relationship was seen between osteoblast density and body composition measurements. These data invite closer examination of bone cell activity and microarchitecture to determine the effect of habitual HS consumption on bone integrity.
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Juodka R, Juskiene V, Juska R, Leikus R, Stankeviciene D, Kadziene G, Nainiene R. The effect of dietary hemp and camelina cakes on liver fatty acid profile of ducks. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2044332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robertas Juodka
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Violeta Juskiene
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Remigijus Juska
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Raimondas Leikus
- Department of Animal Feeding and Feedstuffs, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Stankeviciene
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Gitana Kadziene
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Nainiene
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
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Stastnik O, Pavlata L, Mrkvicova E. The Milk Thistle Seed Cakes and Hempseed Cakes are Potential Feed for Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081384. [PMID: 32785057 PMCID: PMC7459908 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this work were to summarize the nutritional value of the milk thistle seed cakes and hempseed cakes and describe the influence on selected performance parameters, metabolism and animal health from inclusion of these non-traditional feeds into diets. It seems more appropriate to apply the extract of the bioactive substances complex to the livestock diets than addition of expellers or other forms of plants processing. The seed expellers, etc. mostly worsened the chickens' performance parameters with higher doses in diets, while most of the work using the extract yields had positive results on animal performance.
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Della Rocca G, Di Salvo A. Hemp in Veterinary Medicine: From Feed to Drug. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:387. [PMID: 32850997 PMCID: PMC7399642 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is an angiosperm plant belonging to the Cannabaceae family. Its cultivation dates back to centuries. It has always been cultivated due to the possibility of exploiting almost all the parts of the plant: paper, fabrics, ropes, bio-compounds with excellent insulating capacity, fuel, biodegradable plastic, antibacterial detergents, and food products, such as flour, oils, seeds, herbal teas, and beer, are indeed obtained from hemp. Hemp flowers have also always been used for their curative effects, as well as for recreational purposes due to their psychotropic effects. Cannabis contains almost 500 chemical compounds, such as phytocannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and macro-, and micro-elements, among others. When utilized as a food source, hemp shows excellent nutritional and health-promoting (nutraceutical) properties, mainly due to the high content in polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially those belonging to the ω-3 series), as well as in phenolic compounds, which seem effective in the prevention of common diseases such as gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and others. Moreover, hemp oil and other oils (i.e., olive oil and medium-chain triglyceride–MCT–oil) enriched in CBD, as well as extracts from hemp dried flowers (Cannabis extracts), are authorized in some countries for therapeutic purposes as a second-choice approach (when conventional therapies have failed) for a certain number of clinical conditions such as pain and inflammation, epilepsy, anxiety disorders, nausea, emesis, and anorexia, among others. The present review will synthetize the beneficial properties of hemp and hemp derivatives in animal nutrition and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Della Rocca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale (CeRiDA), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Salvo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale (CeRiDA), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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