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Zhao X, Lin W, Zhou W. Clinical significance of long non-coding RNA NORAD in rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Rheumatol 2024; 64:9. [PMID: 38238863 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-024-00349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that may cause joint deformities and seriously affect the normal life of the patients. In order to enable patients to receive timely attention and treatment, this study developed new diagnostic markers by exploring the expression and molecular mechanism of the long non-coding RNA NORAD (NORAD) in RA. METHODS Participants including 77 RA patients and 52 healthy persons were enrolled, and the corresponding clinical data and serum samples were obtained. The NORAD and miR-204-5p expression were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The content of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Luciferase activity reporter assay demonstrated the association between NORAD and miR-204-5p. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of NORAD, and Pearson's correlation analysis was applied for the correlation analysis. RESULTS NORAD was enriched in RA serum with high diagnostic value. Simultaneously, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were also upregulated (P < 0.001). The C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (Anti-CCP) levels in RA patients were generally elevated (P < 0.001). NORAD was positively correlated with the levels of clinical indicators and inflammatory factors (P < 0.0001). Mechanistically, NORAD may affect the progression of RA by targeting and negatively regulating miR-204-5p. CONCLUSIONS There is a correlation between NORAD and the processes of RA, and NORAD has the potential to predict and diagnose the occurrence of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, No.1188, Liyang Road, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weiyi Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, No.1188, Liyang Road, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Cao G, Liu J, Liu H, Chen X, Yu N, Li X, Xu F. Integration of Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Analyse the Mechanism of Action of Oregano Essential Oil in the Treatment of Bovine Mastitis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:350. [PMID: 37235433 PMCID: PMC10223180 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The active components, potential targets, and mechanisms of action of oregano essential oil in the treatment of bovine mastitis disease were investigated using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. The TCMSP and literature databases were examined for the main compounds in oregano essential oil. Afterward, the physical, chemical, and bioavailability characteristics of the components were evaluated. The PubChem, BATMAN, PharmMapper, and Uniprot databases were utilized to predict the target genes of the major components of oregano essential oil. Via the databases of DrugBank, OMIM, GeneCards, TTD, and DisGenet, the disease targets of bovine mastitis were discovered. We analyzed common targets and built protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using the STRING database. Key genes were analyzed, obtained, and compound-target-pathway-disease visualization networks were created using Cytoscape. For the GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the DAVID database was utilized. Molecular docking via Autodock Tools was utilized to evaluate the reliability of the interactions between oregano essential oil and hub targets. Thymol, carvacrol, and p-cymene are the three major components found in oregano essential oil. The potential targets (TNF, TLR4, ALB, IL-1β, TLR2, IL-6, IFNG, and MyD88) were screened according to the visual network. The enrichment analysis suggested that the major signaling pathways in network pharmacology may include PI3K-Akt, MAPK, IL-17, and NF-κ B. Molecular docking analysis shows that thymol had good docking activity with TNF, IL-6, and MyD88, carvacrol had good docking activity with TNF, and p-cymene had good docking activity with ALB. This study clarified the mechanism of action of oregano essential oil in the treatment of bovine mastitis, thus providing data supporting the potential for the use of oregano essential oil in the development of new therapeutics for bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Cao
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.C.)
| | - Jing Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.C.)
| | - Huan Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.C.)
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Yu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.C.)
| | - Xiubo Li
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Xu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
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Quiroga J, Alarcón P, Ramírez MF, Manosalva C, Teuber S, Carretta MD, Burgos RA. d-lactate-induced ETosis in cattle polymorphonuclear leucocytes is dependent on the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1 and GSK-3β pathways. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 145:104728. [PMID: 37164278 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
d-lactate is a metabolite originating from bacterial metabolism that accumulates as a result of dietary disturbances in cattle, leading to ruminal acidosis. d-lactate exerts functions as a metabolic signal inducing metabolic reprogramming and extracellular trap (ET) release in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). We previously demonstrated that d-lactate induces metabolic reprogramming via hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) stabilization in bovine fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). In the present study, the role of HIF-1 in ET formation induced by d-lactate was assessed. HIF-1α stabilization in PMNs was controlled by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) release. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and scavenging of mtROS decreased d-lactate-triggered ETosis. d-lactate-enhanced HIF-1α accumulation was dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway but independent of GSK-3β activity. Pharmacological blockade of the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1 and GSK-3β axes inhibited d-lactate-triggered ETosis and downregulated PDK1 and LDHA expression. However, only GSK-3β inhibition decreased the expression of glycogen metabolism enzymes and prevented the decline in glycogen stores induced by d-lactate exposure. The results of this study suggest that mtROS, PI3K/Akt/HIF-1 and GSK-3β axes regulate carbohydrate metabolism adaptations that support d-lactate-induced ET formation in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology and Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology and Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Fernanda Ramírez
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology and Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Manosalva
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Stefanie Teuber
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology and Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Daniella Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology and Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Agustín Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology and Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Gutierrez N, Teuber S, Alarcon P, Burgos RA, Hidalgo MA. ATP Induces Interleukin-8, Intracellular Calcium Release, and ERK1/2 Phosphorylation in Bovine Endometrial Cells, Partially through P2Y Receptors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050841. [PMID: 36899697 PMCID: PMC10000103 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine endometrium has an important defensive role in the postpartum period that acts when an inflammatory process associated with tissue damage or infection by bacteria is produced. Endometrial cells release cytokines and chemokines that recruit inflammatory cells, which release danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and initiate and regulate the inflammatory response. However, the role of ATP in bovine endometrial cells is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ATP on interleukin-8 (IL-8) release, intracellular calcium mobilization, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and the role of P2Y receptors, in bovine endometrial cells. Bovine endometrial (BEND) cells were incubated with ATP and the IL-8 release was determined by the ELISA assay. ATP of 50 and 100 μM significantly increased IL-8 released in BEND cells (50 μM: 23.16 ± 3.82 pg/mL, p = 0.0018; 100 μM: 30.14 ± 7.43 pg/mL, p = 0.0004). ATP (50 μM) also induced rapid intracellular calcium mobilization in Fura-2AM-loaded BEND cells, as well as ERK1/2 phosphorylation (ratio 1.1 ± 0.04, p = 0.0049). Suramin (50 μM), a pan-antagonist of P2Y receptors, partially reduced the intracellular calcium mobilization, ERK1/2 phosphorylation (ratio 0.83 ± 0.08, p = 0.045), and IL-8 release (9.67 ± 0.02 pg/mL, p = 0.014) induced by ATP. Finally, BEND cells expressed higher mRNA levels of P2Y1 and P2Y2 purinergic subtype receptors, and lower levels of P2Y11 and P2Y12 receptors, as determined by RT-qPCR. In conclusion, these results showed that ATP activates pro-inflammatory responses in BEND cells, which are partially mediated via P2Y receptors, and BEND cells express the mRNA of subtypes of P2Y receptors, which could have a key role in bovine endometrial inflammation.
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Manosalva C, Alarcon P, Quiroga J, Teuber S, Carretta MD, Bustamante H, Lopez-Muñoz R, Hidalgo MA, Burgos RA. Bovine tumor necrosis factor-alpha Increases IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 in bovine fibroblast-like synoviocytes by metabolic reprogramming. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3257. [PMID: 36828912 PMCID: PMC9958177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lameness is a common condition in dairy cattle caused by infectious or noninfectious agents. Joint lesions are the second most common cause of lameness and can be diagnosed in association with the presentation of digit injuries. Fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) are predominant cells of synovia and play a key role in the pathophysiology of joint diseases, thus increasing the expression of proinflammatory mediators. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine involved in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and proinflammatory cytokine expression in FLS. Previously, TNF-α was demonstrated to increase hypoxia-inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1), a transcription factor that rewires cellular metabolism and increases the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 in bovine FLS (bFLS). Despite this, the proinflammatory effects of TNF-α in bFLS on metabolic reprogramming have been poorly studied. We hypothesized that TNF-α increases glycolysis and in this way controls the expression of IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 in bFLS. Results first, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based untargeted metabolomics revealed that bTNF-α altered the metabolism of bFLS, increasing glucose, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, valine, tyrosine, and lysine and decreasing malate, fumarate, α-ketoglutarate, stearate, palmitate, laurate, aspartate, and alanine. In addition, metabolic flux analysis using D-glucose-13C6 demonstrated an increase of pyruvate and a reduction in malate and citrate levels, suggesting a decreased flux toward the tricarboxylic acid cycle after bTNF-α stimulation. However, bTNF-α increased lactate dehydrogenase subunit A (LDHA), IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and COX-2 expression, which was dependent on glycolysis and the PI3K/Akt pathway. The use of FX11 and dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of LDHA and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) respectively, partially reduced the expression of IL-6. Our results suggest that bTNF-α induces metabolic reprogramming that favors glycolysis in bFLS and increases IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and COX-2/PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Manosalva
- grid.7119.e0000 0004 0487 459XInstitute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcon
- grid.7119.e0000 0004 0487 459XLaboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Stefanie Teuber
- grid.7119.e0000 0004 0487 459XLaboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria D. Carretta
- grid.7119.e0000 0004 0487 459XLaboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hedie Bustamante
- grid.7119.e0000 0004 0487 459XVeterinary Clinical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Lopez-Muñoz
- grid.7119.e0000 0004 0487 459XLaboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria A. Hidalgo
- grid.7119.e0000 0004 0487 459XLaboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A. Burgos
- grid.7119.e0000 0004 0487 459XLaboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Hatami H, Sajedi A, Mir SM, Memar MY. Importance of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in cancer cells. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e996. [PMID: 36570342 PMCID: PMC9768844 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In most regions, cancer ranks the second most frequent cause of death following cardiovascular disorders. Aim In this article, we review the various aspects of glycolysis with a focus on types of MCTs and the importance of lactate in cancer cells. Results and Discussion Metabolic changes are one of the first and most important alterations in cancer cells. Cancer cells use different pathways to survive, energy generation, growth, and proliferation compared to normal cells. The increase in glycolysis, which produces substances such as lactate and pyruvate, has an important role in metastases and invasion of cancer cells. Two important cellular proteins that play a role in the production and transport of lactate include lactate dehydrogenase and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). These molecules by their various isoforms and different tissue distribution help to escape the immune system and expansion of cancer cells under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hatami
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Atefe Sajedi
- Metabolic Disorders Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mir
- Metabolic Disorders Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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Quiroga J, Alarcón P, Manosalva C, Teuber S, Carretta MD, Burgos RA. d-lactate-triggered extracellular trap formation in cattle polymorphonuclear leucocytes is glucose metabolism dependent. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104492. [PMID: 35830898 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
D-lactic acidosis is a metabolic disease of cattle caused by the digestive overgrowth of bacteria that are highly producers of d-lactate, a metabolite that then reaches and accumulates in the bloodstream. d-lactate is a proinflammatory agent in cattle that induces the formation of extracellular traps (ETs) in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), although information on PMN metabolic requirements for this response mechanism is insufficient. In the present study, metabolic pathways involved in ET formation induced by d-lactate were studied. We show that d-lactate but not l-lactate induced ET formation in cattle PMN. We analyzed the metabolomic changes induced by d-lactate in bovine PMN using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Several metabolic pathways were altered, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, galactose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathway. d-lactate increased intracellular levels of glucose and glucose-6-phosphate, and increased uptake of the fluorescent glucose analog 2-NBDG, suggesting improved glycolytic activity. In addition, using an enzymatic assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we observed that d-lactate was able to decrease intracellular glycogen levels and the presence of glycogen granules. Relatedly, d-lactate increased the expression of enzymes of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism. In addition, 2DG (a hexokinase inhibitor), 3PO (a 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 inhibitor), MB05032 (inhibitor of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) and CP-91149 (inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase) reduced d-lactate-triggered ETosis. Taken together, these results suggest that d-lactate induces a metabolic rewiring that increases glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, all of which are required for d-lactate-induced ET release in cattle PMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Quiroga
- Laboratorio de Farmacología de la Inflamación, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratorio de Inmunometabolismo, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Farmacología de la Inflamación, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratorio de Inmunometabolismo, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Manosalva
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Stefanie Teuber
- Laboratorio de Farmacología de la Inflamación, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratorio de Inmunometabolismo, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Daniella Carretta
- Laboratorio de Farmacología de la Inflamación, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratorio de Inmunometabolismo, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Agustín Burgos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología de la Inflamación, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratorio de Inmunometabolismo, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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In Vitro Gene Expression Responses of Bovine Rumen Epithelial Cells to Different pH Stresses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192621. [PMID: 36230362 PMCID: PMC9559271 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminal acidosis often occurs in production, which greatly affects animal health and production efficiency. Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) occurs when rumen pH drops rapidly to 5.5−5.8, and acute rumen acidosis (ARA) occurs when rumen pH drops below 5.0, but the molecular regulation mechanism of the rumen epithelium after the rapid decrease in pH is still unclear. Bovine rumen epithelial cells (BRECs) were cultured at pH = 7.4 (control), 5.5 (SARA), and 4.5 (ARA). Transcriptome and metabolomic methods were used to obtain the molecular-based response of BRECs to different pH treatments; pH = 4.5 can significantly induce apoptosis of BRECs. The RNA-seq experiments revealed 1381 differently expressed genes (DEGs) in the control vs. SARA groups (p < 0.05). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were upregulated 4.25 and 6.86 fold, respectively, and TLR4 was downregulated 0.58 fold. In addition, 283 DEGs were identified in the control vs. ARA comparison (p < 0.05), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PSTG2) was downregulated 0.54 fold. Our research reveals that the MAPK/TNF signaling pathway regulates the inflammatory response of BRECs. Metabolomics identified 35 biochemical compounds that were significantly affected (p < 0.05) in control vs. SARA and 51 in control vs. ARA. Bioinformatics analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database revealed that drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 metabolic and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism changes occurred. These transcriptional and metabolic changes are related to the adaptation of BRECs to low-pH stresses. In conclusion, the combined data analyses presented a worthy strategy to characterize the cellular, transcriptomic, and metabonomic adaptation of BRECs to pH in vitro. We demonstrated transcriptional expression changes in BRECs under pH stress and activation of the molecular mechanisms controlling inflammation.
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Lactic Acid Regulation: A Potential Therapeutic Option in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2280973. [PMID: 36061305 PMCID: PMC9433259 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2280973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, persistent autoimmune disease that causes severe joint tissue damage and irreversible disability. Cumulative evidence suggests that patients suffering from RA for long durations are at risk of functional damage to cardiovascular, kidney, lung, and other tissues. This seriously affects the quality of work and life of patients. To date, no clear etiology of RA has been found. Recent studies have revealed that the massive proliferation of synoviocytes and immune cells requires a large amount of energy supply. Rapid energy supply depends on the anaerobic glucose metabolic pathway in both RA animal models and clinical patients. Anaerobic glycolysis can increase intracellular lactic acid (LA) content. LA induces the overexpression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in cell membranes. MCTs rapidly transport LA from the intracellular to the intercellular or articular cavity. Hence, a relatively high accumulation of LA could be formed in the intercellular and articular cavities of inflammatory joints. Moreover, LA contributes to the migration and activation of immune cells. Immune cells proliferate and secrete interleukins (IL) including IL-1, IL-2, IL-13, IL-17, and other inflammatory factors. These inflammatory factors enhance the immune inflammatory response of the body and aggravate the condition of RA patients. In this paper, the effects of LA on RA pathogenesis will be summarized from the perspective of the production, transport, and metabolism of synoviocytes and immune cells. Additionally, the drugs involved in the production, transport, and metabolism of LA are highlighted.
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Fu Y, He Y, Xiang K, Zhao C, He Z, Qiu M, Hu X, Zhang N. The Role of Rumen Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA)-Induced Inflammatory Diseases of Ruminants. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1495. [PMID: 35893553 PMCID: PMC9332062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disease in ruminants. In the early stage of SARA, ruminants do not exhibit obvious clinical symptoms. However, SARA often leads to local inflammatory diseases such as laminitis, mastitis, endometritis and hepatitis. The mechanism by which SARA leads to inflammatory diseases is largely unknown. The gut microbiota is the totality of bacteria, viruses and fungi inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have found that the gut microbiota is not only crucial to gastrointestinal health but also involved in a variety of disease processes, including metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors and inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that intestinal bacteria and their metabolites can migrate to extraintestinal distal organs, such as the lung, liver and brain, through endogenous pathways, leading to related diseases. Combined with the literature, we believe that the dysbiosis of the rumen microbiota, the destruction of the rumen barrier and the dysbiosis of liver function in the pathogenesis of SARA lead to the entry of rumen bacteria and/or metabolites into the body through blood or lymphatic circulation and place the body in the "chronic low-grade" inflammatory state. Meanwhile, rumen bacteria and/or their metabolites can also migrate to the mammary gland, uterus and other organs, leading to the occurrence of related inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanism by which SARA causes inflammatory diseases to obtain a more comprehensive and profound understanding of SARA and its related inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, it is also of great significance for the joint prevention and control of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Y.F.); (Y.H.); (K.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Q.)
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Y.F.); (Y.H.); (K.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Q.)
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Manosalva C, Quiroga J, Hidalgo AI, Alarcón P, Anseoleaga N, Hidalgo MA, Burgos RA. Role of Lactate in Inflammatory Processes: Friend or Foe. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808799. [PMID: 35095895 PMCID: PMC8795514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During an inflammatory process, shift in the cellular metabolism associated with an increase in extracellular acidification are well-known features. This pH drop in the inflamed tissue is largely attributed to the presence of lactate by an increase in glycolysis. In recent years, evidence has accumulated describing the role of lactate in inflammatory processes; however, there are differences as to whether lactate can currently be considered a pro- or anti-inflammatory mediator. Herein, we review these recent advances on the pleiotropic effects of lactate on the inflammatory process. Taken together, the evidence suggests that lactate could exert differential effects depending on the metabolic status, cell type in which the effects of lactate are studied, and the pathological process analyzed. Additionally, various targets, including post-translational modifications, G-protein coupled receptor and transcription factor activation such as NF-κB and HIF-1, allow lactate to modulate signaling pathways that control the expression of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and several enzymes associated with immune response and metabolism. Altogether, this would explain its varied effects on inflammatory processes beyond its well-known role as a waste product of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Manosalva
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandra I Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicolás Anseoleaga
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Angélica Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Agustín Burgos
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Quiroga J, Alarcón P, Manosalva C, Teuber S, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Hidalgo MA, Carretta MD, Burgos RA. Metabolic Reprogramming and Inflammatory Response Induced by D-Lactate in Bovine Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Depends on HIF-1 Activity. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:625347. [PMID: 33796579 PMCID: PMC8007789 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.625347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ruminal acidosis (ARA) occurs after an excessive intake of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates and is characterized by the overproduction of D-lactate in the rumen that reaches the bloodstream. Lameness presentation, one of the primary consequences of ARA in cattle, is associated with the occurrence of laminitis and aseptic polysynovitis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are predominant cells of synovia and play a key role in the pathophysiology of joint diseases, thus increasing the chances of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increased D-lactate levels and disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, pyruvates, and amino acids are observed in the synovial fluid of heifers with ARA-related polysynovitis prior to neutrophil infiltration, suggesting an early involvement of metabolic disturbances in joint inflammation. We hypothesized that D-lactate induces metabolic reprogramming, along with an inflammatory response, in bovine exposed FLS. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics revealed that D-lactate disrupts the metabolism of bovine FLS, mainly enhancing glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, and galactose metabolism. The reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed an increased expression of metabolic-related genes, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α, glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1), L-lactate dehydrogenase subunit A (L-LDHA), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK-1). Along with metabolic disturbances, D-lactate also induced an overexpression and the secretion of IL-6. Furthermore, the inhibition of HIF-1, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB reduced the expression of IL-6 and metabolic-related genes. The results of this study reveal a potential role for D-lactate in bFLS metabolic reprogramming and support a close relationship between inflammation and metabolism in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Manosalva
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Stefanie Teuber
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Anja Taubert
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - María Angélica Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Daniella Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Agustín Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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