1
|
Roberto Rolando Pisano S, Steiner J, Cristina E, Delefortrie Z, Delalay G, Krieg R, Zenker A, Schmidt-Posthaus H. An old unknown: 40 years of crayfish plague monitoring in Switzerland, the water tower of Europe. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 206:108159. [PMID: 38925366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The oomycete Aphanomyces astaci is the causative agent of crayfish plague, a disease threatening susceptible freshwater crayfish species in Europe. To detect its spatiotemporal occurrence in Switzerland, we reviewed (1) the literature regarding occurrence of crayfish plague and North American crayfish carrier species and (2) the necropsy report archive of the Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI) from 1968 to 2020. In the past, crayfish plague was diagnosed through several methods: conventional PCR, culture, and histology. When available, we re-evaluated archived Bouin's or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples collected during necropsies (1991-2020) with a recently published quantitative PCR. Literature research revealed putative reports of crayfish plague in Switzerland between the 1870s and 1910s and the first occurrence of three North American crayfish species between the late 1970s and 1990s. Finally, 54 (28.1%) cases were classified as positive and 9 (4.7%) cases as suspicious. The total number of positive cases increased by 14 (14.7%) after re-evaluation of samples. The earliest diagnosis of crayfish plague was performed in 1980 and the earliest biomolecular confirmation of A. astaci DNA dated 1991. Between 1980-1990, 1991-2000 and 2001-2010 crayfish plague spread from one to two and finally three catchment basins, respectively. Similar to other European countries, crayfish plague has occurred in Switzerland in two waves: the first at the end of the 19th and the second at the end of the 20th century in association with the first occurrence of North American crayfish species. The spread from one catchment basin to another suggests a human-mediated pathogen dispersal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Steiner
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Cristina
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zoé Delefortrie
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gary Delalay
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Krieg
- Koordinationsstelle Flusskrebse Schweiz (KFKS), Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Hochschule für Life Sciences, Institut für Ecopreneurship, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Armin Zenker
- Koordinationsstelle Flusskrebse Schweiz (KFKS), Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Hochschule für Life Sciences, Institut für Ecopreneurship, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heiderich E, Keller S, Pewsner M, Origgi FC, Zürcher-Giovannini S, Borel S, Marti I, Scherrer P, Pisano SRR, Friker B, Adrian-Kalchhauser I, Ryser-Degiorgis MP. Analysis of a European general wildlife health surveillance program: Chances, challenges and recommendations. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301438. [PMID: 38771857 PMCID: PMC11108157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In a One Health perspective general wildlife health surveillance (GWHS) gains importance worldwide, as pathogen transmission among wildlife, domestic animals and humans raises health, conservation and economic concerns. However, GWHS programs operate in the face of legal, geographical, financial, or administrative challenges. The present study uses a multi-tiered approach to understand the current characteristics, strengths and gaps of a European GWHS that operates in a fragmented legislative and multi-stakeholder environment. The aim is to support the implementation or improvement of other GWHS systems by managers, surveillance experts, and administrations. To assess the current state of wildlife health investigations and trends within the GWHS, we retrospectively analyzed 20 years of wildlife diagnostic data to explore alterations in annual case numbers, diagnosed diseases, and submitter types, conducted an online survey and phone interviews with official field partners (hunting administrators, game wardens and hunters) to assess their case submission criteria as well as their needs for post-mortem investigations, and performed in-house time estimations of post-mortem investigations to conduct a time-per-task analysis. Firstly, we found that infectious disease dynamics, the level of public awareness for specific diseases, research activities and increasing population sizes of in depth-monitored protected species, together with biogeographical and political boundaries all impacted case numbers and can present unexpected challenges to a GWHS. Secondly, we found that even a seemingly comprehensive GWHS can feature pronounced information gaps, with underrepresentation of common or easily recognizable diseases, blind spots in non-hunted species and only a fraction of discovered carcasses being submitted. Thirdly, we found that substantial amounts of wildlife health data may be available at local hunting administrations or disease specialist centers, but outside the reach of the GWHS and its processes. In conclusion, we recommend that fragmented and federalist GWHS programs like the one addressed require a central, consistent and accessible collection of wildlife health data. Also, considering the growing role of citizen observers in environmental research, we recommend using online reporting systems to harness decentrally available information and fill wildlife health information gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Heiderich
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Keller
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Pewsner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Carlo Origgi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Pathology (ITPA), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samoa Zürcher-Giovannini
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Borel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Iris Marti
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Scherrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Roberto Rolando Pisano
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brian Friker
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene Adrian-Kalchhauser
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Pierre Ryser-Degiorgis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thompson L, Cayol C, Awada L, Muset S, Shetty D, Wang J, Tizzani P. Role of the World Organisation for Animal Health in global wildlife disease surveillance. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1269530. [PMID: 38577545 PMCID: PMC10993013 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1269530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper examines the role of the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) in the global surveillance and management of pathogens. Since the creation of WOAH, one of its missions has been to ensure transparency of the global animal health situation. WOAH established a Working Group on Wildlife in 1994 to inform and advise WOAH Members, leadership, and technical teams on issues relating to wildlife health. In 2020 it conducted a consultation with its Members before developing a Wildlife Health Framework to improve global health and wildlife conservation. WOAH Members report diseases in wildlife, but detections are dependent on the surveillance systems in place. As an example of data collected in the most recent years (2019-2023), 154 countries have reported 68,862,973 cases, through alert messages and weekly updates, for 84 diseases. One-hundred and fifty countries have reported 68,672,115 cases in domestic animals and 95 countries have reported 190,858 cases in wild animals. These figures illustrate the performance of the organization in collecting data on wildlife, and provide an indication of the difference in completeness of data collected in domestic animals and wildlife. There are several challenges to wildlife disease surveillance and real figures remain unknown; they depend on the existence, quality and sensitivity of national surveillance. A WOAH-led One Health approach with cross-sectoral collaboration is needed to improve surveillance sensitivity, address the challenges and help safeguard wildlife population health and biodiversity conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesa Thompson
- Regional Representation for Asia and the Pacific, World Organisation for Animal Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Claire Cayol
- Preparedness & Resilience Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Lina Awada
- Data Integration Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Muset
- Preparedness & Resilience Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Dharmaveer Shetty
- Preparedness & Resilience Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Jingwen Wang
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Tizzani
- Data Integration Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Raso C, Galietta V, Eleni C, Innocenti M, Fonti N, Palmerini T, Grillo M, Calderini P, Borgogni E. Ectopic Pregnancy and T-Cell Lymphoma in a Eurasian Red Squirrel ( Sciurus vulgaris): Possible Comorbidity and a Comparative Pathology Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:731. [PMID: 38473116 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a life-threatening disease that affects humans and other mammals. Tumors causing ruptures of the reproductive tract have been identified as possible predisposing factors in human and veterinary medicine. We here describe a case of concomitant ectopic pregnancy and lymphoma in a Eurasian red squirrel found deceased in Italy and submitted to the public health laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana (IZSLT) for post-mortem examination. A full-term partially mummified ectopic fetus in the abdomen and a large fibrinonecrotic tubal scar adjacent to the right ovary were observed at necropsy. The tubal scar is likely the point of tubal rupture through which the fetus displaced. Histology revealed the presence of neoplastic cells referable to lymphoma infiltrating the ovary, spleen, small intestine, heart and peripancreatic adipose tissue. The lymphoma was further characterized as T-cell-type using immunohistochemistry. We suggest that the lymphoma, by involving the ovary, played a pathogenetic role in the development of a secondary EP by altering the genital tract at the structural and hormonal levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of concomitant ovarian lymphoma and EP in animals and humans in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Raso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana "M. Aleandri", 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Galietta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana "M. Aleandri", 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Eleni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana "M. Aleandri", 00178 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Fonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Palmerini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana "M. Aleandri", 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Grillo
- UOC Igiene e Sanità Animale, ASL Rieti, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Pietro Calderini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana "M. Aleandri", 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Elena Borgogni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana "M. Aleandri", 02100 Rieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fair JM, Al-Hmoud N, Alrwashdeh M, Bartlow AW, Balkhamishvili S, Daraselia I, Elshoff A, Fakhouri L, Javakhishvili Z, Khoury F, Muzyka D, Ninua L, Tsao J, Urushadze L, Owen J. Transboundary determinants of avian zoonotic infectious diseases: challenges for strengthening research capacity and connecting surveillance networks. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341842. [PMID: 38435695 PMCID: PMC10907996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As the climate changes, global systems have become increasingly unstable and unpredictable. This is particularly true for many disease systems, including subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenzas (HPAIs) that are circulating the world. Ecological patterns once thought stable are changing, bringing new populations and organisms into contact with one another. Wild birds continue to be hosts and reservoirs for numerous zoonotic pathogens, and strains of HPAI and other pathogens have been introduced into new regions via migrating birds and transboundary trade of wild birds. With these expanding environmental changes, it is even more crucial that regions or counties that previously did not have surveillance programs develop the appropriate skills to sample wild birds and add to the understanding of pathogens in migratory and breeding birds through research. For example, little is known about wild bird infectious diseases and migration along the Mediterranean and Black Sea Flyway (MBSF), which connects Europe, Asia, and Africa. Focusing on avian influenza and the microbiome in migratory wild birds along the MBSF, this project seeks to understand the determinants of transboundary disease propagation and coinfection in regions that are connected by this flyway. Through the creation of a threat reduction network for avian diseases (Avian Zoonotic Disease Network, AZDN) in three countries along the MBSF (Georgia, Ukraine, and Jordan), this project is strengthening capacities for disease diagnostics; microbiomes; ecoimmunology; field biosafety; proper wildlife capture and handling; experimental design; statistical analysis; and vector sampling and biology. Here, we cover what is required to build a wild bird infectious disease research and surveillance program, which includes learning skills in proper bird capture and handling; biosafety and biosecurity; permits; next generation sequencing; leading-edge bioinformatics and statistical analyses; and vector and environmental sampling. Creating connected networks for avian influenzas and other pathogen surveillance will increase coordination and strengthen biosurveillance globally in wild birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Fair
- Genomics and Bioanalytics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Nisreen Al-Hmoud
- Bio-Safety and Bio-Security Center, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mu’men Alrwashdeh
- Bio-Safety and Bio-Security Center, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan
| | - Andrew W. Bartlow
- Genomics and Bioanalytics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | | | - Ivane Daraselia
- Center of Wildlife Disease Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Zura Javakhishvili
- Center of Wildlife Disease Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Fares Khoury
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Center, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Jean Tsao
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lela Urushadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health (NCDC) of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Jennifer Owen
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruiz-Mondragón EDJ, Romero-Figueroa G, Paredes-Montesinos R, Tapia-Cabazos LA, Méndez-Rosas LA, Venegas-Barrera CS, Arrellano-García ME, Guerrero-Cárdenas I, Lozano-Cavazos EA. Community-Based Workshops to Involve Rural Communities in Wildlife Management Case Study: Bighorn Sheep in Baja California, Mexico. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3171. [PMID: 37893895 PMCID: PMC10603732 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The description of natural history, and information on the factors threatening conservation, the distribution area, and the status of species population are necessary for proper wildlife management. The objective of this research was to generate such information in two rural communities and to engage residents in bighorn sheep management through a program of three workshops. The first one covered training regarding natural history and management of the species. The second one consisted in the description of the habitat of the species through a dynamic of participatory mapping. The third, include a design of a one strategy to monitor the bighorn sheep population. The workshops were attended by 37 people from the two rural communities. The results suggest the economic element was the main interest of the inhabitants regarding the bighorn sheep. Eleven risk factors were identified to the bighorn sheep in the study sites, a participatory map with relevant information for the management of the species on each community was developed, and a monitoring strategy of the bighorn sheep population was prepared. The workshop program proposed in this research is a tool that can be applied in rural communities to lay the groundwork for a long-term management project of wildlife species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique de J. Ruiz-Mondragón
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico; (E.d.J.R.-M.); (R.P.-M.); (L.A.T.-C.); (L.A.M.-R.); (M.E.A.-G.)
| | - Guillermo Romero-Figueroa
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico; (E.d.J.R.-M.); (R.P.-M.); (L.A.T.-C.); (L.A.M.-R.); (M.E.A.-G.)
| | - Rafael Paredes-Montesinos
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico; (E.d.J.R.-M.); (R.P.-M.); (L.A.T.-C.); (L.A.M.-R.); (M.E.A.-G.)
| | - Luz A. Tapia-Cabazos
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico; (E.d.J.R.-M.); (R.P.-M.); (L.A.T.-C.); (L.A.M.-R.); (M.E.A.-G.)
| | - Luis A. Méndez-Rosas
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico; (E.d.J.R.-M.); (R.P.-M.); (L.A.T.-C.); (L.A.M.-R.); (M.E.A.-G.)
| | - Crystian S. Venegas-Barrera
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Benito Juárez 03330, CDMX, Mexico;
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Ciudad Victoria 87010, TAMPS, Mexico
| | - María E. Arrellano-García
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico; (E.d.J.R.-M.); (R.P.-M.); (L.A.T.-C.); (L.A.M.-R.); (M.E.A.-G.)
| | | | - Eloy A. Lozano-Cavazos
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, COAH, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bunce M, Geoghegan JL, Winter D, de Ligt J, Wiles S. Exploring the depth and breadth of the genomics toolbox during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from Aotearoa New Zealand. BMC Med 2023; 21:213. [PMID: 37316857 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic technologies have become routine in the surveillance and monitoring of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as evidenced by the millions of SARS-CoV-2 sequences uploaded to international databases. Yet the ways in which these technologies have been applied to manage the pandemic are varied. MAIN TEXT Aotearoa New Zealand was one of a small number of countries to adopt an elimination strategy for COVID-19, establishing a managed isolation and quarantine system for all international arrivals. To aid our response, we rapidly set up and scaled our use of genomic technologies to help identify community cases of COVID-19, to understand how they had arisen, and to determine the appropriate action to maintain elimination. Once New Zealand pivoted from elimination to suppression in late 2021, our genomic response changed to focusing on identifying new variants arriving at the border, tracking their incidence around the country, and examining any links between specific variants and increased disease severity. Wastewater detection, quantitation and variant detection were also phased into the response. Here, we explore New Zealand's genomic journey through the pandemic and provide a high-level overview of the lessons learned and potential future capabilities to better prepare for future pandemics. CONCLUSIONS Our commentary is aimed at health professionals and decision-makers who might not be familiar with genetic technologies, how they can be used, and why this is an area with great potential to assist in disease detection and tracking now and in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bunce
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Kenepuru, Porirua, 5022, New Zealand
- Department of Conservation, Wellington, 6011, New Zealand
| | - Jemma L Geoghegan
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Kenepuru, Porirua, 5022, New Zealand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Winter
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Kenepuru, Porirua, 5022, New Zealand
| | - Joep de Ligt
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Kenepuru, Porirua, 5022, New Zealand.
| | - Siouxsie Wiles
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Te Pūnaha Matatini, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Valldeperes M, Yerro PP, López-Olvera JR, Fandos P, Lavín S, Escofet RCS, Mentaberre G, León FJCM, Espinosa J, Ráez-Bravo A, Pérez JM, Tampach S, Estruch J, Velarde R, Granados JE. Diseases of Iberian ibex ( Capra pyrenaica). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2023; 69:63. [PMID: 37274486 PMCID: PMC10233571 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-023-01684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) is an ecologically and economically relevant medium-sized emblematic mountain ungulate. Diseases participate in the population dynamics of the species as a regulating agent, but can also threaten the conservation and viability of vulnerable population units. Moreover, Iberian ibex can also be a carrier or even a reservoir of pathogens shared with domestic animals and/or humans, being therefore a concern for livestock and public health. The objective of this review is to compile the currently available knowledge on (1) diseases of Iberian ibex, presented according to their relevance on the health and demography of free-ranging populations; (2) diseases subjected to heath surveillance plans; (3) other diseases reported in the species; and (4) diseases with particular relevance in captive Iberian ibex populations. The systematic review of all the information on diseases affecting the species unveils unpublished reports, scientific communications in meetings, and scientific articles, allowing the first comprehensive compilation of Iberian ibex diseases. This review identifies the gaps in knowledge regarding pathogenesis, immune response, diagnostic methods, treatment, and management of diseases in Iberian ibex, providing a base for future research. Moreover, this challenges wildlife and livestock disease and wildlife population managers to assess the priorities and policies currently implemented in Iberian ibex health surveillance and monitoring and disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valldeperes
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Prieto Yerro
- Parque Natural de las Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas, C/ Martínez Falero 11, 23470 Cazorla Jaén, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - José Espinosa
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria and Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Pérez
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, and Ecology, Jaén University, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Stefania Tampach
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Estruch
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Velarde
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada. Ctra., Antigua de Sierra Nevada Km 7, Pinos Genil, 18191 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pruvot M, Denstedt E, Latinne A, Porco A, Montecino-Latorre D, Khammavong K, Milavong P, Phouangsouvanh S, Sisavanh M, Nga NTT, Ngoc PTB, Thanh VD, Chea S, Sours S, Phommachanh P, Theppangna W, Phiphakhavong S, Vanna C, Masphal K, Sothyra T, San S, Chamnan H, Long PT, Diep NT, Duoc VT, Zimmer P, Brown K, Olson SH, Fine AE. WildHealthNet: Supporting the development of sustainable wildlife health surveillance networks in Southeast Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160748. [PMID: 36513230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife and wildlife interfaces with people and livestock are essential surveillance targets to monitor emergent or endemic pathogens or new threats affecting wildlife, livestock, and human health. However, limitations of previous investments in scope and duration have resulted in a neglect of wildlife health surveillance (WHS) systems at national and global scales, particularly in lower and middle income countries (LMICs). Building on decades of wildlife health activities in LMICs, we demonstrate the implementation of a locally-driven multi-pronged One Health approach to establishing WHS in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Viet Nam under the WildHealthNet initiative. WildHealthNet utilizes existing local capacity in the animal, public health, and environmental sectors for event based or targeted surveillance and disease detection. To scale up surveillance systems to the national level, WildHealthNet relies on iterative field implementation and policy development, capacity bridging, improving data collection and management systems, and implementing context specific responses to wildlife health intelligence. National WHS systems piloted in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Viet Nam engaged protected area rangers, wildlife rescue centers, community members, and livestock and human health sector staff and laboratories. Surveillance activities detected outbreaks of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds, African swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa), Lumpy skin disease in banteng (Bos javanicus), and other endemic zoonotic pathogens identified as surveillance priorities by local stakeholders. In Cambodia and Lao PDR, national plans for wildlife disease surveillance are being signed into legislation. Cross-sectoral and trans-disciplinary approaches are needed to implement effective WHS systems. Long-term commitment, and paralleled implementation and policy development are key to sustainable WHS networks. WildHealthNet offers a roadmap to aid in the development of locally-relevant and locally-led WHS systems that support the global objectives of the World Organization for Animal Health's Wildlife Health Framework and other international agendas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pruvot
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA; University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Emily Denstedt
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Lao PDR Country Program, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Alice Latinne
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Alice Porco
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Cambodia Country Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Kongsy Khammavong
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Lao PDR Country Program, Vientiane, Laos
| | | | | | - Manoly Sisavanh
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Lao PDR Country Program, Vientiane, Laos
| | | | - Pham Thi Bich Ngoc
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Vo Duy Thanh
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Sokha Chea
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Cambodia Country Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sreyem Sours
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Cambodia Country Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Phouvong Phommachanh
- National Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Watthana Theppangna
- National Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Sithong Phiphakhavong
- National Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Chhuon Vanna
- Department of Wildlife and Biodiversity, Forestry Administration, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kry Masphal
- Department of Wildlife and Biodiversity, Forestry Administration, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Tum Sothyra
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sorn San
- General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hong Chamnan
- General Directorate of Natural Protected Areas, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Pham Thanh Long
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Diep
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Trong Duoc
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Patrick Zimmer
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kevin Brown
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sarah H Olson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amanda E Fine
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Using integrated wildlife monitoring to prevent future pandemics through one health approach. One Health 2022; 16:100479. [PMID: 36600947 PMCID: PMC9806683 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the One Health context, Integrated Wildlife Monitoring (IWM) merges wildlife health monitoring (WHM) and host community monitoring to early detect emerging infections, record changes in disease dynamics, and assess the impact of interventions in complex multi-host and multi-pathogen networks. This study reports the deployment and results obtained from a nationwide IWM pilot test in eleven sites representing the habitat diversity of mainland Spain. In each study site, camera-trap networks and sampling of indicator species for antibody and biomarker analysis were used to generate information. The results allowed identifying differences in biodiversity and host community characteristics among the study sites, with a range of 8 to 19 relevant host species per point. The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) was the most connected and central species of the host communities, becoming a key target indicator species for IWM. A negative relationship between biodiversity and disease risk was detected, with a lower number and prevalence of circulating pathogens in the sites with more species in the community and larger network size. However, this overall trend was modified by specific host-community and environmental factors, such as the relative index of wild boar - red deer interactions or the proximity to urban habitats, suggesting that human-driven imbalances may favour pathogen circulation. The effort of incorporating wildlife population monitoring into the currently applied WHM programs to achieve effective IWM was also evaluated, allowing to identify population monitoring as the most time-consuming component, which should be improved in the future. This first nationwide application of IWM allowed to detect drivers and hotspots for disease transmission risk among wildlife, domestic animals, and humans, as well as identifying key target indicator species for monitoring. Moreover, anthropogenic effects such as artificially high wildlife densities and urbanisation were identified as risk factors for disease prevalence and interspecific transmission.
Collapse
|
11
|
SARS-CoV-2 and West Nile Virus Prevalence Studies in Raccoons and Raccoon Dogs from Germany. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112559. [PMID: 36423168 PMCID: PMC9698735 DOI: 10.3390/v14112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike farm animals, wild animals are not subject to continuous health surveillance. Individual projects designed to screen wildlife populations for specific pathogens are, therefore, also of great importance for human health. In this context, the possible formation of a reservoir for highly pathogenic zoonotic pathogens is a focus of research. Two of these pathogens that have received particular attention during the last years are the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), due to its fast global spread and high impact to the human health, and, since its introduction into Germany, the flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV). Especially in combination with invasive vertebrate species (e.g., raccoons (Procyon lotor) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Germany), risk analysis must be done to enable health authorities to assess the potential for the establishment of new wild life reservoirs for pathogens. Therefore, samples were collected from raccoons and raccoon dogs and analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and WNV infections in these populations. Molecular biological and serological data obtained imply that no SARS-CoV-2 nor WNV reservoir has been established in these two wild life species yet. Future investigations need to keep an eye on these invasive carnivore populations, especially since the close contact of these animals to humans, mainly in urban areas, would make animal-human transmission a challenge for human health.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wildlife Disease Monitoring: Methods and Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213032. [PMID: 36359156 PMCID: PMC9659093 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
13
|
Reporting of Freshwater Cyanobacterial Poisoning in Terrestrial Wildlife: A Systematic Map. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182423. [PMID: 36139281 PMCID: PMC9494982 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) have been reported globally, threatening human and animal health. They are encouraged by the warming climate and agricultural pollution creating nutrient-rich, warm environments, ideal for cyanobacterial proliferation. The cyanotoxins produced by these blooms have caused poisonings in many wildlife species; however, these cases are severely underreported, and many are likely missed. The aim of this systematic map was to collate, organise, and characterise all existing reports of cyanotoxin poisonings in terrestrial wildlife. We conducted a search of the published literature using online databases, yielding a total of 45 cases detailing incidents involving terrestrial wildlife. There is no current standard method for the reporting and diagnosis of cyanotoxin intoxication cases, and we provide recommendations on this to include both clinical diagnostic tools and investigative chemistry techniques. Less than half of all cases employed robust methods of detection and diagnosis based on our recommendations. Most cases were investigated after poisonings had already occurred, and only nine reports mentioned any effort to mitigate the effects of harmful cyanobacteria on terrestrial wildlife. This systematic map details terrestrial wildlife cyanotoxin intoxications from a diagnostic perspective, identifying how reporting can be improved, leading to more successful mitigation and investigative efforts in the future. Abstract Global warming and over-enrichment of freshwater systems have led to an increase in harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs), affecting human and animal health. The aim of this systematic map was to detail the current literature surrounding cyanotoxin poisonings in terrestrial wildlife and identify possible improvements to reports of morbidity and mortality from cyanotoxins. A systematic search was conducted using the electronic databases Scopus and Web of Science, yielding 5059 published studies identifying 45 separate case reports of wildlife poisonings from North America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. Currently, no gold standard for the diagnosis of cyanotoxin intoxication exists for wildlife, and we present suggested guidelines here. These involved immunoassays and analytical chemistry techniques to identify the toxin involved, PCR to identify the cyanobacterial species involved, and evidence of ingestion or exposure to cyanotoxins in the animals affected. Of the 45 cases, our recommended methods concurred with 48.9% of cases. Most often, cases were investigated after a mortality event had already occurred, and where mitigation was implemented, only three cases were successful in their efforts. Notably, only one case of invasive cyanobacteria was recorded in this review despite invasive species being known to occur throughout the globe; this could explain the underreporting of invasive cyanobacteria. This systematic map highlights the perceived absence of robust detection, surveillance, and diagnosis of cyanotoxin poisoning in wildlife. It may be true that wildlife is less susceptible to these poisoning events; however, the true rates of poisoning are likely much more than is reported in the literature.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kophamel S, Rudd D, Ward LC, Shum E, Ariel E, Mendez D, Starling J, Mellers R, Burchell RK, Munns SL. Haematological and biochemical reference intervals for wild green turtles ( Chelonia mydas): a Bayesian approach for small sample sizes. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac043. [PMID: 36937701 PMCID: PMC10020984 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Animal health is directly linked to population viability, which may be impacted by anthropogenic disturbances and diseases. Reference intervals (RIs) for haematology and blood biochemistry are essential tools for the assessment of animal health. However, establishing and interpreting robust RIs for threatened species is often challenged by small sample sizes. Bayesian predictive modelling is well suited to sample size limitations, accounting for individual variation and interactions between influencing variables. We aimed to derive baseline RIs for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) across two foraging aggregations in North Queensland, Australia, using Bayesian generalized linear mixed-effects models (n = 97). The predicted RIs were contained within previously published values and had narrower credible intervals. Most analytes did not vary significantly with foraging ground (76%, 22/29), body mass (86%, 25/29) or curved carapace length (83%, 24/29). Length and body mass effects were found for eosinophils, heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase and urea. Significant differences between foraging grounds were found for albumin, cholesterol, potassium, total protein, triglycerides, uric acid and calcium:phosphorus ratio. We provide derived RIs for foraging green turtles, which will be helpful in future population health assessments and conservation efforts. Future RI studies on threatened species would benefit from adapting established veterinary and biomedical standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kophamel
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Donna Rudd
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Edith Shum
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Ellen Ariel
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Diana Mendez
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Jemma Starling
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Renee Mellers
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Richard K Burchell
- North Coast Veterinary Specialist and Referral Centre, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Munns
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|