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Marakhova A, Zhilkina VY, Elapov A, Sachivkina N, Samorodov A, Pupykina K, Krylova I, Kezimana P, Stoynova AM, Venkatesan R, Vetcher AA. The Development of a Method for Obtaining Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. Herb Extract Enriched with Flavonoids and an Evaluation of Its Biological Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1629. [PMID: 38931061 PMCID: PMC11207543 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of new drugs derived from plant sources is of significant interest in modern pharmacy. One of the promising plant sources for introduction into pharmaceuticals is Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., also known as Tripleurospermum perforatum (Merat.) M. This plant has been shown to possess various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antimycotic activities, among others. However, a review of the current literature reveals a paucity of studies investigating the chemical composition of the herb Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. This study presents the development of a method for obtaining an extract of the herb Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. enriched with flavonoids, harvested before flowering and butonization. This study focused on determining the optimal conditions for extraction, including the concentration of the extractant (ethanol), extraction time, raw material/extractant ratio, extraction frequency, complexation reaction time, amount of aluminum chloride solution, and amount of diluted acetic acid. The results indicate that herbs harvested during this specific period exhibited a higher flavonoid content compared to those collected during butonization and flowering. Moreover, this study demonstrated that the flavonoid content could exceed 7% mg REq/100 g D.W. through a one-hour extraction process. Furthermore, the flavonoid content was found to be 7.65 ± 0.03 mg REq/100 g D.W. following a three-minute ultrasound-assisted extraction process, followed by thermal extraction. A qualitative analysis identified a variety of phenolic compounds in the extract, such as chlorogenic acid, 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, 1-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, luteolin-7-rutinoside, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, luteolin-3-malonylglucoside, cynarin, rhamnetin-3-(O-dimethyl rhamnosyl glucosylglucoside), and luteolin. Moreover, this study demonstrated the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-aggregation, and antioxidant activities of the aqueous alcoholic extract from T. inodorum herb (ETIH) against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Additionally, the extract exhibited comparable anti-inflammatory effects on diclofenac sodium. These findings contribute to the understanding of the potential pharmacological applications of the developed herb extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marakhova
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (V.Y.Z.); (A.E.); (P.K.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Vera Yu. Zhilkina
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (V.Y.Z.); (A.E.); (P.K.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Alexander Elapov
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (V.Y.Z.); (A.E.); (P.K.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Samorodov
- Department of Pharmacy, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia; (A.S.); (K.P.); (I.K.)
| | - Kira Pupykina
- Department of Pharmacy, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia; (A.S.); (K.P.); (I.K.)
| | - Irina Krylova
- Department of Pharmacy, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia; (A.S.); (K.P.); (I.K.)
| | - Parfait Kezimana
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (V.Y.Z.); (A.E.); (P.K.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Anastasia M. Stoynova
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (V.Y.Z.); (A.E.); (P.K.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Raja Venkatesan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexandre A. Vetcher
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (V.Y.Z.); (A.E.); (P.K.); (A.M.S.)
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Lenchenko E, Sachivkina N, Petrukhina O, Petukhov N, Zharov A, Zhabo N, Avdonina M. Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Vet World 2024; 17:612-619. [PMID: 38680142 PMCID: PMC11045526 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.612-619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections is mediated by virulence factors, such as enzymes, toxins, and biofilms, which increase the resistance of microorganisms to host immune system evasion. Testing and searching for standardized multi-level algorithms for the indication and differentiation of biofilms at the early stages of diagnosis will contribute to the development of preventive measures to control the critical points of technology and manage dangerous risk factors for the spread of infectious diseases. This research aimed to study the main stages of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in in vitro experiments and to analyze the dynamics of respiratory syndrome development in chickens infected with these bacteria. Materials and Methods Experimental reproduction of the infectious process was performed using laboratory models: 10-day-old White Leghorn chickens (n = 20). Before the experiments, the birds were divided into two groups according to the principle of analogs: Group I (control, n = 10): the birds were intranasally inoculated with 0.5 cm3 of 0.9% NaCl solution; Group II (experiment, n = 10): the birds were intranasally inoculated with a suspension of S. aureus bacteria, 0.5 cm3, concentration 1 billion/cm3. Results Colonization of individual areas of the substrate under study in vitro occurred gradually from the sedimentation and adhesion of single motile planktonic cells to the attachment stage of microcolony development. Staining preparations with gentian violet due to the "metachromosia" property of this dye are a quick and fairly simple way to differentiate cells and the intercellular matrix of biofilms. Fixation with vapors of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide preserves the natural architecture of biofilms under optical and scanning electron microscopy. Pure cultures of S. aureus microorganisms were isolated from the blood, lungs, small intestine, liver, kidneys, and spleen after 5-10 days during experimental infection of chickens. Clinical signs of respiratory syndrome developed within 5-6 days after infection. Acute and subacute serous-fibrinous airsacculitis, characterized by edema and thickening of the membranes of the air sacs and the presence of turbid, watery, foamy contents in the cavity, was the most characteristic pathomorphological sign. The signs of acute congestive hyperemia and one-sided serous-fibrinous pneumonia developed with significant thickening of fibrinous deposits. In Garder's gland, there was an increase in the number of secretory sections, indicating hypersecretion of the glands. In the lymphoid follicles of Meckel's diverticulum, leukocytes, usually lymphocytes, and pseudoeosinophils were detected. Conclusions Hydration and heteromorphism of the internal environment of biofilms determine the localization of differentiated cells in a three-dimensional matrix for protection against adverse factors. The most characteristic pathomorphological sign was the development of acute and subacute serous-fibrinous airsacculitis when reproducing the infectious process in susceptible models. There was a significant thickening of fibrinous deposits and signs of acute congestive hyperemia and one or two serous-fibrinous pneumonia developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Lenchenko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Russian Biotechnological University (BIOTECH University), 125080, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya Petrukhina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Petukhov
- Department of Technosphere Security, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Zharov
- Department of Technosphere Security, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natallia Zhabo
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Avdonina
- Department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication of the Faculty of Distance Learning and Part-Time Education of Moscow State Linguistic University, 119034 Moscow, Russia
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Ivagnes V, Menchinelli G, Liotti FM, De Carolis E, Torelli R, De Lorenzis D, Recine C, Sanguinetti M, D’Inzeo T, Posteraro B. Chip-Based Molecular Evaluation of a DNA Extraction Protocol for Candida Species from Positive Blood Cultures. Microorganisms 2023; 12:81. [PMID: 38257908 PMCID: PMC10821462 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of Candida bloodstream infection (BSI) may rely on a PCR-based analysis of a positive blood culture (PBC) obtained from the patient at the time of BSI. In this study, a yeast DNA extraction protocol for use on PBCs was developed and evaluated with the molecular mouse (MM) yeast blood (YBL) chip-based PCR assay, which allowed us to detect nine medically relevant Candida species. We studied 125 simulated or clinical PBCs for Candida species. A positive correlation between the DNA concentration and colony-forming unit count was found for simulated (Spearman's ρ = 0.58; p < 0.0001) and clinical (Spearman's ρ = 0.23, p = 0.09) PBCs. The extracted DNA yielded positive results with the MM YBL chip assay that agreed with the Candida species-level identification results for 63 (100%) of 63 isolates from simulated PBCs and 66 (99.5%) of 67 isolates from clinical PBCs. The false-negative result was for one C. tropicalis isolate that grew together with C. albicans in PBC. None of the 30 (Candida)-negative clinical BCs included as negative controls yielded a positive result with the MM YBL chip assay. Our DNA extraction protocol for the Candida species couples efficiency and simplicity together. Nevertheless, further studies are needed before it can be adopted for use with the MM YBL chip assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Ivagnes
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.I.); (D.D.L.); (C.R.); (T.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Giulia Menchinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.L.); (E.D.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Flora Marzia Liotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.L.); (E.D.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Elena De Carolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.L.); (E.D.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Riccardo Torelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.L.); (E.D.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Desy De Lorenzis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.I.); (D.D.L.); (C.R.); (T.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Cinzia Recine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.I.); (D.D.L.); (C.R.); (T.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.I.); (D.D.L.); (C.R.); (T.D.); (B.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.L.); (E.D.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Tiziana D’Inzeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.I.); (D.D.L.); (C.R.); (T.D.); (B.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.L.); (E.D.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.I.); (D.D.L.); (C.R.); (T.D.); (B.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Addominali ed Endocrino Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Dosoky WM, Farag SA, Almasmoum HA, Khisheerah NSM, Youssef IM, Ashour EA, Mohamed LA, Moustafa M, Al-Shehri M, Jaremko M, El-Hack MEA. Influences of dietary supplementation of ginger powder and frankincense oil on productive performance, blood biochemical parameters, oxidative status and tissues histomorphology of laying Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102988. [PMID: 37634332 PMCID: PMC10474497 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to ascertain the effect of using ginger powder or frankincense oil at different levels on the production rate, biochemical properties of blood, and immune response of laying Japanese quail housed from 12 to 21 wk of age. Three hundred sexually mature quail (200 females and 100 males) were distributed among 5 groups at 12 wk of age in a completely randomized design. Group 1: received basal diet not including additives and acted as a control group. Groups 2 and 3: received a basal diet with 250 and 500 mg ginger/kg feed, respectively. Groups 4 and 5: received a basal diet with 200 and 400 mg frankincense oil/kg feed, respectively. Results revealed that egg production parameters of laying Japanese quail were not influenced by ginger or frankincense oil added in all groups tested during experimental periods except at the time (15-18 wks.). Moreover, egg weight was significantly increased only during the period (15-18 wks.) and total period (12-21 wk of age), and group 5 recorded the highest weight during the 2 periods studied. Feed additives did not impact feed consumption or feed conversion ratio (FCR). Except for WBCs, Hb, and monocytes, treatments impacted blood hematological parameters. Also, blood serum parameters were influenced by feed additives, except total protein, albumin, globulin, and creatinine were not influenced. Moreover, histological examination of the spleen was influenced by feed additives. It is concluded that utilizing frankincense oil or ginger powder in diets of laying Japanese quails enhanced blood serum properties and improved reproductive and productive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Dosoky
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Soha A Farag
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Hibah A Almasmoum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat S M Khisheerah
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural Sciences, Al-Ajeilat, Zawia University, 16418, Libya
| | - Islam M Youssef
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Elwy A Ashour
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Laila A Mohamed
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Sachivkina N, Karamyan A, Petrukhina O, Kuznetsova O, Neborak E, Ibragimova A. A rabbit model of ear otitis established using the Malassezia pachydermatis strain C23 from dogs. Vet World 2023; 16:2192-2199. [PMID: 38152255 PMCID: PMC10750737 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2192-2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Fungal infections are a growing problem for both humans and animals due to the emergence of pathogenic strains resistant to modern antifungal treatments. To evaluate the efficacy of new antifungal drugs, it is essential to develop animal models that demonstrate typical responses to both the infection (pathogenesis and clinical course) and to the treatment, including adverse effects. In this study, we established a rabbit otitis model by infection of an aggressive multidrug-resistant strain from dogs, Malassezia pachydermatis C23, with no need for concomitant immunosuppression. Materials and Methods Twenty healthy adult male gray giant rabbits (1 year old, 5.5 kg) were inoculated once with M. pachydermatis C23 at 108 colony-forming units/mL. We observed the clinical signs of the disease and collected ear smears and blood samples every 5 days. Results The infection progressed rapidly and exhibited characteristic clinical signs without spontaneous recovery for at least 1 month. In fact, substantial deterioration was observed as evidenced by blood parameters. Conclusion This rabbit otitis model established using an aggressive drug-resistant fungus strain without immunosuppression could prove valuable for testing novel antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Arfenya Karamyan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya Petrukhina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kuznetsova
- Department of Biochemistry T.T. Berezov, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Neborak
- Department of Biochemistry T.T. Berezov, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alfia Ibragimova
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of General Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Technologies, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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Lenchenko E, Sachivkina N, Lobaeva T, Zhabo N, Avdonina M. Bird immunobiological parameters in the dissemination of the biofilm-forming bacteria Escherichia coli. Vet World 2023; 16:1052-1060. [PMID: 37576771 PMCID: PMC10420717 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1052-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim With the development of industrial maintenance technology, a group of pathogens called avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) became very common. The initiation, development, and outcome of the infectious process mediated by virulent APEC strains occur through a decrease in the colonization resistance of the intestine, an immunobiological marker of homeostasis stability in susceptible species. This study focused on the pathogenetic features of colibacillosis and the morphological features of E. coli. Materials and Methods Clinical, immunological, bacteriological, and histological studies were conducted on 15-day-old white Leghorn birds (n = 20). The birds were divided into two groups: Control group (Group I; n = 10) with birds intranasally inoculated with 0.5 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution and experimental group (Group II; n = 10) with birds intranasally inoculated with 0.5 mL of an E. coli suspension at 1 billion/mL. Results During the biofilm formation, clusters of microcolonies were formed as a gel-like intercellular matrix that accumulated due to cell coagulation. The intercellular matrix "glues" heteromorphic cells together and forms a structure of densely packed heteromorphic cells arranged in an orderly manner and growing in different directions. During the experimental reproduction of E. coli, excessive growth was observed in material isolated from poultry. Pathogenic E. coli strains implementing virulence factors adhered to the receptors of erythrocytes, alveolocytes, and enterocytes. Multicellular heterogeneous biofilms, united by an intercellular matrix, were located at the apical poles of the respiratory tract alveolocytes and enterocytes of the terminal ileum villi. Many bacteria exudate containing desquamated epithelial cells with an admixture of mucus, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were detected in the lumen of the birds' abdominal organs. Invasive bacteria damaged the epithelial layer, violated the endothelial layer of blood vessels, and developed inflammatory hyperemia of the lamina propria of the respiratory and digestive systems' mucous membrane. A correlative dependence of changes developed by the type of delayed hypersensitivity reaction was established. Signs of accidental transformation of the thymus, atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius, disseminated thrombosis, and septic spleen developed. Moreover, toxic cardiomyocyte dystrophy, signs of congestive vascular hyperemia, massive disintegration of lymphocytes, macrophage reactions, perivascular edema resulting from the release of plasma, and shaped blood elements were detected. Conclusion The development and outcome of the infectious process in escherichiosis primarily depend on the homeostasis stability of susceptible species and virulence factors of the pathogenic microorganisms. One of the selected strains, E. coli O78:K80 displayed the highest ability to form biofilms. Its strong adhesion ability to bird erythrocytes was demonstrated. Deepening the scientific knowledge of the interaction between eukaryotes and prokaryotes will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenetic aspects of avian escherichiosis and eventually find promising anti-adhesive drugs that could reduce primary bacterial contamination in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Lenchenko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Russian Biotechnological University (BIOTECH University), 125080, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Lobaeva
- Department of Biochemistry T.T. Berezov, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natallia Zhabo
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Avdonina
- Department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Moscow State Linguistic University, 119034, Moscow, Russia
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Olabode IR, Sachivkina N, Karamyan A, Mannapova R, Kuznetsova O, Bobunova A, Zhabo N, Avdonina M, Gurina R. In Vitro Activity of Farnesol against Malassezia pachydermatis Isolates from Otitis Externa Cases in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071259. [PMID: 37048514 PMCID: PMC10093264 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic otitis externa of dogs is a significant problem due to the prevalence and complexity of the treatment of such animals. There is evidence that in 60-80% of cases of infectious diseases microorganisms located in the biofilm phenotype play the main role. Microorganisms in the biofilm phenotype have a number of advantages, the most significant of which is considered to be increased resistance to various external factors. Among them, a special place is occupied by resistance to antibiotics. In recent decades, research has been conducted at an increasing scale on the role of biofilm infections in various pathologies in veterinary medicine. The etiology and therapy of dog otitis externa caused by Malassezia pachydermatis biofilm has not been fully studied. This is why we consider relevant the scientific and practical aspects of research on the etiology and therapy of dog otitis externa from the position of biofilm infection. In this work, it has been statistically proven that there is a relationship between the optical density of Malassezia pachydermatis biofilms and their sensitivity to drugs, and this relationship is statistically significant. In addition, we have demonstrated that Farnesol has a good antibiofilm effect at a concentration of more 1.6 μM/mL (24% OD decrease of biofilm), and its highest antibiofilm effect (71-55%-more than a half) was observed at a concentration of 200-12.5 μM/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifarajimi Rapheal Olabode
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arfenia Karamyan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ramziya Mannapova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127434 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kuznetsova
- Department of Biochemistry T.T. Berezov, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Bobunova
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natallia Zhabo
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Avdonina
- Department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Moscow State Linguistic University, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Regina Gurina
- Department of Technosphere Safety, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Amer SA, Gouda A, Saleh GK, Nassar AH, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Altohamy DE, Kilany MS, Davies SJ, Omar AE. Dietary Frankincense ( Boswellia serrata) Oil Modulates the Growth, Intestinal Morphology, the Fatty Acid Composition of Breast Muscle, Immune Status, and Immunoexpression of CD3 and CD20 in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060971. [PMID: 36978513 PMCID: PMC10044135 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This investigation explored the impact of dietary frankincense resin oil (FO) on growth performance parameters, intestinal histomorphology, fatty acid composition of the breast muscle, and the immune status of broilers. We allotted 400, three-day-old, male chicks (Ross 308 broiler) into four treatment groups (ten replicates/group; ten chicks/replicate). They were fed a basal diet with different concentrations of FO (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg kg-1). FO supplementation increased the overall body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) by different amounts, linearly improving the feed conversion ratio with the in-supplementation level. Total feed intake (TFI) was not affected. Growth hormones and total serum protein levels also linearly increased with the FO level, while albumin was elevated in the FO600 group. Moreover, total globulins increased linearly in FO400 and FO600 treatment groups. Thyroxin hormone (T3 and T4) levels increased in all FO treatment groups without affecting glucose and leptin serum values. Different concentrations of FO supplementation in the diet increased the activities of Complement 3, lysozyme, and interleukin 10 levels in the serum. Dietary FO in broilers increased the total percentage of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. It also increased the ratio of n-3 to n-6 linearly and quadratically. Additionally, FO supplementation led to the upregulation of immune clusters of differentiation 3 and 20 (CD3 and CD20) in the spleen, along with improving most of the morphometric measures of the small intestine. In conclusion, FO up to 600 mg kg-1 as a feed additive in broiler chicken production is valuable for promoting their growth, intestinal histomorphology, and immune status along with enriching breast muscle with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Amer
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Department of Animal Production, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, Center of National Research, Dokki, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Gehan K Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) (Mansoura Branch) Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Dokki, P.O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Arwa H Nassar
- Food Hygiene Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) (Mansoura Branch) Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Dokki, P.O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Wahab A Abdel-Warith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia E Altohamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Central Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Maha S Kilany
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Simon J Davies
- School of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway Republic of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Anaam E Omar
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Baybekov O, Stanishevskiy Y, Sachivkina N, Bobunova A, Zhabo N, Avdonina M. Isolation of Clinical Microbial Isolates during Orthodontic Aligner Therapy and Their Ability to Form Biofilm. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11010013. [PMID: 36661550 PMCID: PMC9858208 DOI: 10.3390/dj11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to calculate microbiological composition of aligners after a day of wearing them. To date, the dental market for orthodontists offers many ways to correct bites. Aligners are transparent and almost invisible from the teeth. They are used for everyday wear to correct the incorrect position of the teeth, which was once considered the prerogative of braces. Scientists worldwide have repeatedly considered questions regarding the interaction between aligners and the oral cavity's microflora; however, the emphasis has mainly shifted toward species composition and antibiotic resistance. The various properties of these microorganisms, including biofilm formation, adhesion to various cells, and the ability to phagocytize, have not been studied so widely. In addition, these characteristics, as well as the microorganisms themselves, have properties that change over time, location, and in certain conditions. In this regard, the problem of biofilm formation in dental practice is always relevant. It requires constant monitoring since high contamination of orthodontic materials can reduce the effectiveness of local anti-inflammatory therapy and cause relapses in caries and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. Adhesive properties, one of the key factors in forming the architectonics of biofilms, provide the virulence factors of microorganisms and are characterized by an increase in optical density, determining the duration and retrospectivity of diagnostic studies. This paper focuses on the isolation of clinical microbial isolates during aligner therapy and their ability to form biofilms. In the future, we plan to use the obtained strains of microorganisms to create an effective and safe biofilm-destroying agent. We aimed to study morphometric and densitometric indicators of biofilms of microorganisms persisting on aligners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Baybekov
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Stanishevskiy
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Bobunova
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natallia Zhabo
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Avdonina
- Department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Moscow State Linguistic University, 119034 Moscow, Russia
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Arsène MMJ, Viktorovna PI, Alla M, Mariya M, Nikolaevitch SA, Davares AKL, Yurievna ME, Rehailia M, Gabin AA, Alekseevna KA, Vyacheslavovna YN, Vladimirovna ZA, Svetlana O, Milana D. Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles prepared using Aloe vera extract against Candida albicans. Vet World 2023; 16:18-26. [PMID: 36855352 PMCID: PMC9967710 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.18-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Resistance to antifungal agents is a serious public health concern that has not been investigated enough because most studies on antimicrobials are dedicated to antibacterial resistance. This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Aloe vera extract, and to assess its antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Materials and Methods Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing Ag nitrate with aqueous A. vera extracts. Physicochemical properties of synthesized AgNPs were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, photon cross-correlation spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. An antifungal investigation was performed against four clinical C. albicans (C1, C2, C3, and C4) and a reference strain, C. albicans ATCC 10321. Results Cubic AgNPs with a mean X50 hydrodynamic diameter of 80.31 ± 10.03 nm were successfully synthesized. These AgNPs exhibited maximum absorbance at 429.83 nm, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) confirmed the presence of Ag in AgNPs solution by a characteristic peak in the spectrum at the Ag Kα line of 22.105 keV. Infrared spectra for AgNPs and A. vera extract indicated that the compounds present in the extract play an essential role in the coating/capping of synthesized AgNPs. Different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 10, and 5 μg/mL) of AgNPs were tested. The antifungal activity was shown to be dose-dependent with inhibition zones ranging from 10 mm to 22 mm against C. albicans ATCC 10231, 0 mm to 15 mm against C1, 0 mm to 16 mm against C2 and C3, and 0 mm to 14 mm for C4. Minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 16 μg/mL to 32 μg/mL against clinical C. albicans (C1, C2, C3, and C4) and was 4 μg/mL against C. albicans ATCC 10231. Conclusion This study showed the ability of A. vera to serve as an efficient reducing agent for the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs with excellent antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbarga Manga Joseph Arsène
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia,Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia,Corresponding author: Mbarga Manga Joseph Arsène, e-mail: Co-authors: PIV: , MA: , MM: , SAN: , AKLD: , MEY: , MR: , AAG: , KAA: , YNV: , ZAV: , OS: , DM:
| | - Podoprigora Irina Viktorovna
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia,Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Marukhlenko Alla
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Morozova Mariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Senyagin Alexander Nikolaevitch
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia,Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anyutoulou Kitio Linda Davares
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mumrova Evgenia Yurievna
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Manar Rehailia
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agrarian Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ada Arsene Gabin
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Kulikova A. Alekseevna
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yashina Natalia Vyacheslavovna
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhigunova Anna Vladimirovna
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Orlova Svetlana
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutritiology, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Das Milana
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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11
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Lenchenko E, Lenchenko S, Sachivkina N, Kuznetsova O, Ibragimova A. Interaction of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus with the biofilm-forming Aeromonas hydrophila. Vet World 2022; 15:2458-2465. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2458-2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The resistance of susceptible fish populations and the adaptive potential of heterogeneous biofilms, which cause multiple antibacterial resistance and long-term persistence of microorganisms, mediate the development and outcome of the infectious process. The study of the fish immunological parameters in interaction with biofilm-forming bacteria is of practical importance for assessing the stability of the homeostasis of the fish. This study aimed to determine the immunobiological parameters of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus when interacting with biofilm-forming bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila.
Materials and Methods: Clinically healthy fish C. carpio L. (Linnaeus, 1758) of both sexes, aged 4 years, and weighing 1.0–1.5 kg (n = 10), were used in this study. The fish were taken from the pond of the VNIIR experimental base in the period of 2020–2022. The standard method was employed to determine the phagocytic activity of blood cells, the total redox activity of neutrophils, and the bactericidal activity of blood serum.
Results: After 24–48 h of cultivation in nutrient broth, the implementation of the processes of intercellular communication of bacteria had common patterns of formation of the heterogeneous structure of biofilms. Moreover, analyzing the optical density indices (density, D), it was observed that A. hydrophila was a strong producer of biofilms, as the optical density of the sample (density of sample, Ds) exceeded the optical density of the control (density of control, Dc) by more than 4 times (D = 0.464 ± 0.07). The ratio of the average number of microorganisms attached to the surface of one erythrocyte (average adhesion index) and the percentage (%) of erythrocytes having bacteria on their surface (adhesion coefficient [AC]) was 14.05 ± 0.72, and the adhesion index, AI was ≥4.00, indicating A. hydrophila to be highly adhesive. In addition, the AC of erythrocytes having bacteria on the surface was 14.05% ± 0.72%. A direct correlation was established (R2 = 0.94) between the AC (14.05% ± 0.11%–13.29% ± 0.08%) and the phagocytic index (11.3% ± 0.29%–32.0% ± 0.8%). The indicators of spontaneous nitro blue tetrazolium were 103.20 ± 11.70 when estimating the total redox activity of neutrophils. The optical density increased to 182.10 ± 21.12 with the addition of 20.0 μL of A. hydrophila bacteria (1 billion/mL) and the activity of neutrophils also increased.
Conclusion: Among the markers of homeostasis stability, immunological indicators most fully reflect the mechanisms of initiation, development, and outcome of the infectious process mediated by the interaction of adhesive molecules of multicellular eukaryotes and adhesives of infectious disease pathogens. The research will contribute to further understanding the potential mechanism of quorum-sensing molecules and the search for new anti-adhesive drugs that reduce the formation of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Lenchenko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Moscow State University of Food Production, 125080, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svyatoslav Lenchenko
- All-Russian Research Institute of Integrated Fish Farming – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center for Livestock – VIZh named after Academician L.K. Ernst" (VNIIR – a branch of the LK Ernst Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FITS VIZH), 142460, Moscow region, Noginsky District, Pos. Them. Vorovskogo, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kuznetsova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alfia Ibragimova
- Department of General Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Technologies, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Sachivkina N, Senyagin A, Podoprigora I, Vasilieva E, Kuznetsova O, Karamyan A, Ibragimova A, Zhabo N, Molchanova M. Enhancement of the antifungal activity of some antimycotics by farnesol and reduction of Candida albicans pathogenicity in a quail model experiment. Vet World 2022; 15:848-854. [PMID: 35698495 PMCID: PMC9178579 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.848-854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Clinical strains of microorganisms, including pathogenic yeast-like fungi (YLF), are resistant to currently used antifungal agents. Thus, it is relevant to study the combinations of existing antimicrobial drugs and a medicinal extract of plant origin (farnesol). In previous studies, farnesol showed a relatively strong anti-biofilm effect against Candida albicans. This study aimed to determine how much the resistance profile of non-biofilm microorganisms can change. Materials and Methods: Six clinical isolates of C. albicans and one reference strain were used to study the interaction of farnesol with the most used antimycotics. To determine the sensitivity of YLF to antimycotic drugs, such as nystatin (50 μg), amphotericin B (10 μg), ketoconazole (10 μg), clotrimazole (10 μg), voriconazole (10 μg), fluconazole (25 μg), miconazole (10 μg), and intraconazole (10 μg), the classic disk diffusion method was used. In the second stage, one of the six strains was used to simulate candidiasis of the gastrointestinal tract in an in vivo quail model. As an unusual experimental design, this study investigated the effects of pretreated C. albicans in quails, not the in vivo pathogenicity of C. albicans, after treatment with farnesol. Results: The resistance profiles of Candida strains did not improve with farnesol in all strains. All concentrations of farnesol (100, 50, and 25 μM) demonstrated a fungistatic effect (i.e., an increase in drug sensitivity) in 23 of 56 (7×8) cases (41%). The remaining 54% demonstrated no changes in the resistance to antifungal drugs or deterioration of the indicators in rare cases (5%). At 100 μM farnesol, sensitivity improved in 33 of 56 cases (59%). Candidiasis or the severity of clinical disease of the quail digestive tract developed to a lesser extent if fungi were treated with farnesol. Conclusion: Farnesol does not always show a positive result on single cells without biofilm in the laboratory. However, in a biofilm or an in vivo model with biofilms, farnesol can be considered a new antimycotic drug or an additive to existing antimycotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Senyagin
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Podoprigora
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kuznetsova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arfenia Karamyan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alfia Ibragimova
- Department of General Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Technologies, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Zhabo
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Molchanova
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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