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Orzuna-Orzuna JF, Granados-Rivera LD. Growth performance, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) supplemented with essential oils: A meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 2024; 176:105353. [PMID: 38972293 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with essential oils (EOS) on growth performance, antioxidant status in blood serum, intestinal morphology, and whole-body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through a meta-analytic approach. The search and collection of scientific articles were conducted using the PRISMA methodology, and 45 full-text scientific articles were obtained. The data used in the meta-analysis were extracted from these 45 documents. The effect size was assessed through weighted mean differences (WMD) using Der-Simonian and Laird random effects models. Dietary supplementation with EOS increased (P < 0.001) final weight, body weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and survival but decreased (P < 0.001) feed conversion ratio. In blood serum, EOS supplementation decreased (P < 0.001) the concentration of malondialdehyde and increased (P < 0.001) the concentration of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. In the foregut, midgut, and hindgut, greater (P < 0.01) villus height, villus width, and number of goblet cells were observed in response to EOS supplementation. EOS supplementation increased (P < 0.01) crude protein content and decreased (P < 0.05) crude lipid content in the whole-body. In conclusion, essential oils can be used as a dietary additive to improve growth performance, antioxidant status in blood serum, and intestinal morphology in Nile tilapia. Likewise, supplementation with essential oils increases the protein content and decreases the fat content in the whole-body of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Felipe Orzuna-Orzuna
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Chapingo C.P. 56230, State of Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Lorenzo Danilo Granados-Rivera
- Campo Experimental General Terán, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, General Terán C.P. 67400, Nuevo León, Mexico
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2
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Cardoso L, Owatari MS, Chaves FCM, Bastolla CLV, Saldaña-Serrano M, Mouriño JLP, Martins ML. Dietary supplementation with Lippia sidoides essential oil improves organ integrity but the specific activity of antioxidant enzymes is dose-dependent in Danio rerio. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:374-382. [PMID: 37899705 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional quality of food can affect the health of animals. This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with Lippia sidoides essential oil (LSEO) on the physiology of Danio rerio. Four hundred fourty-eight fish were divided into 28 tanks and subjected to different dietary treatments: a control group with no supplementation, a group with grain alcohol supplementation and five groups with LSEO at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25%. After 15 days, histological and enzymatic analyses were conducted. The 0.25% LSEO group exhibited lower glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity compared to the 1.00% group. Additionally, fish in the 0.25% LSEO group showed improved liver, kidney and splenic integrity indices. These findings support the inclusion of 0.25% LSEO in the diet of D. rerio, suggesting potential benefits for fish physiology and encouraging further research on phytotherapeutics in fish diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cardoso
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marco Shizuo Owatari
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Lisarb Velasquez Bastolla
- LABCAI-Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Miguel Saldaña-Serrano
- LABCAI-Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Cardoso L, Owatari MS, Chaves FCM, Ferreira TH, Costa DS, Furtado WE, Tedesco M, Honorato LA, Mouriño JLP, Martins ML. Lippia sidoides essential oil at concentration of 0.25% provided improvements in microbiota and intestine integrity of Danio rerio. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2024; 46:e005323. [PMID: 38362241 PMCID: PMC10868529 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm005323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Lippia sidoides essential oil on the microbiota and intestinal morphology of Danio rerio. For this, 448 fish were randomly distributed in 28 tanks divided into a control group fed a commercial diet without supplementation, a group fed a commercial diet containing grain alcohol and five groups fed a commercial diet containing essential oil of L. sidoides (LSEO) at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25%. After the period of dietary supplementation, biological materials were collected for microbiological and histological analyses. There were no significant differences regarding the microbiological count between the groups. Diversity of the microbiome was higher in 0.25% group than in control group. LSEO inhibited the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Fish fed LSEO0.25% showed greater intestinal histomorphometric indices. The inclusion of LSEO at 0.25% in the diet of D. rerio provided improvements in fish microbiota and intestine integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cardoso
- Aquaculture engineer. DSc., Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory (AQUOS), Departamento de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Marco Shizuo Owatari
- Aquaculture engineer. DSc., Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory (AQUOS), Departamento de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Tamiris Henrique Ferreira
- Aquaculture engineer. DSc., Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory (AQUOS), Departamento de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Domickson Silva Costa
- Aquaculture engineer. DSc., Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory (AQUOS), Departamento de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - William Eduardo Furtado
- Aquaculture engineer, DSc., Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Saúde Pública, Colégio do Jockey Club de Medicina Veterinária e Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Cidade de Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Marília Tedesco
- Aquaculture engineer. DSc., Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory (AQUOS), Departamento de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño
- Aquaculture engineer. DSc., Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory (AQUOS), Departamento de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- Aquaculture engineer. DSc., Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory (AQUOS), Departamento de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Kari ZA, Téllez-Isaías G, Khoo MI, Wee W, Kabir MA, Cheadoloh R, Wei LS. Resveratrol impacts on aquatic animals: a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:307-318. [PMID: 38376668 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture has intensified tremendously with the increasing demand for protein sources as the global population grows. However, this industry is plagued with major challenges such as poor growth performance, the lack of a proper environment, and immune system impairment, thus creating stress for the aquaculture species and risking disease outbreaks. Currently, prophylactics such as antibiotics, vaccines, prebiotics, probiotics, and phytobiotics are utilized to minimize the negative impacts of high-density farming. One of the promising prophylactic agents incorporated in fish feed is resveratrol, a commercial phytophenol derived via the methanol extraction method. Recent studies have revealed many beneficial effects of resveratrol in aquatic animals. Therefore, this review discusses and summarizes the roles of resveratrol in improving growth performance, flesh quality, immune system, antioxidant capacity, disease resistance, stress mitigation, and potential combination with other prophylactic agents for aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | | | - Martina Irwan Khoo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wee
- Center of Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Romalee Cheadoloh
- Faculty of Science Technology and Agriculture, Yala Rajabhat University, 133 Thetsaban 3 Rd, Sateng, Mueang, 95000, Yala Province, Thailand
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Roldan-Juarez J, Pinares R, Smith CE, Llerena CA, Machaca V, Pizarro DM. Microencapsulated essential oils influence the growth and foregut histomorphometry of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 22:100316. [PMID: 37822454 PMCID: PMC10562909 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils supplementation has potential growth-promoting, antibacterial, and immunostimulatory effects for various fish species. Dietary supplementation with essential oils improves Nile tilapia's growth and intestinal morphology. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of supplementation with microencapsulated essential oils (MEOs) containing cinnamaldehyde (53.9 %), thymol (24.2 %), and carvacrol (18.7 %) in Nile tilapia fingerlings on growth parameters and foregut histomorphometry. Six thousand fishes with initial body weights and lengths of 1.20 ± 0.32 g and 2.03 ± 0.40 cm, respectively, were reared in two separate 60 m3 circular tanks (control and supplemented with 500 mg/kg of MEOs) at a 5 kg/m3 density. Growth parameters included weight and length. Ten foregut samples per tank were collected at 0-, 15- and 30-days post-treatment. The histological analysis involved the size of intestinal folds and the number of goblet cells. Our results showed that fingerling growth parameters such as final body weight and length increased by 16.9 % and 10.43 %, respectively, with MEOs supplementation compared to the control group. Furthermore, histomorphometry results showed that the supplementation of MEOs led to a significant increase in the growth of both the width and length of intestinal folds and the number of goblet cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the early supplementation with MEOs improved the number, length, and width of intestinal folds and increased the number of goblet cells, positively influencing intestinal morphology and health. Additionally, MEOs improved growth parameters in Nile tilapia at 30 days of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Roldan-Juarez
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Abancay, Peru
| | - Rubén Pinares
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Escuela Profesional de Medicina Veterinaria, Sicuani, Peru
| | - Carlos E. Smith
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Lima, Peru
| | - Cielo A. Llerena
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Lima, Peru
| | - Virgilio Machaca
- Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Abancay, Peru
| | - Dante M. Pizarro
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Lima, Peru
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Santos PR, Andrade-Porto SM, Oliveira MIB, Brandão FR, Matos LV, Velásquez JGR, Farias CFS, Carpio KCR, Chaves FCM, Chagas EC. Acute toxicity of essential oils of Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton, Lippia gracilis Schauer, and Piper aduncum L. in Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818). BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e272853. [PMID: 37672435 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.272853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of the essential oils (EOs) of Aloysia triphylla, Lippia gracilis and Piper aduncum in juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), and evaluate the possible histopathological alterations in their gills. For the acute toxicity tests, juvenile tambaqui (n=24/treatment) were distributed in six treatments with three replicates, which comprised the control and five EO concentrations of A. triphylla (60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mg L-1), L. gracilis (35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 mg L-1) and P. aduncum (42.5, 45, 47.5, 50 and 52.5 mg L-1), with an exposure period of 4 h. The mortality rate and severity of damage to the tambaqui gills were proportional to the increase in the concentration of the EO, with LC50-4 h values estimated at 109.57 mg L -1 for A. triphylla, 41.63 mg L -1 for L. gracilis and 48.17 mg L -1 for P. aduncum. The main morphological damages observed in the gills of the tambaqui exposed to the three EOs, were Grade I: hypertrophy and hyperplasia of lamellar epithelial cells, lamellar fusion, epithelial detachment, capillary dilation and constriction, proliferation of chloride cells and mucosal cells and edema; in low frequency Grade II damage as epithelial rupture and lamellar aneurysm. Necrosis (Grade III damage) was observed only in gill lamellae exposed to P. aduncum EO (47.5, 50.0 and 52.5 mg L-1). Concentrations of EOs below LC50-4 h can be used sparingly, for short periods of exposure for the treatment of diseases in tambaqui breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Santos
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros - PPGCARP, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - S M Andrade-Porto
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Departamento de Ciências Pesqueiras, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - M I B Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Departamento de Morfologia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - F R Brandão
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros - PPGCARP, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - L V Matos
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia - INPA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior - BADPI, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | - C F S Farias
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - K C R Carpio
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | - E C Chagas
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros - PPGCARP, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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7
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Abdel-Latif HMR, Yilmaz S, Kucharczyk D. Editorial: Functionality and applications of phytochemicals in aquaculture nutrition. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1218542. [PMID: 37303733 PMCID: PMC10250716 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1218542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hany M. R. Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sevdan Yilmaz
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Dariusz Kucharczyk
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Chemprof, Olsztyn, Poland
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Siahkamari S, Daneshfar A. Synthesis of a new magnetic metal organic framework based on nickel for extraction of carvacrol and thymol in thymus and savory samples and analyzed with gas chromatography. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7664-7672. [PMID: 36908535 PMCID: PMC9993065 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research aims at reporting a new sorbent, a magnetic nano scale metal-organic framework (MOF), based on nickel acetate and 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. The prepared sorbent was used to extract carvacrol and thymol using an ultrasonic-assisted dispersive micro solid phase extraction (UA-DμSPE) method. The structure of the metal organic framework was studied by applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The effects of various parameters such as ionic strength of sample solution, amount of sorbent (mg), volume of eluent solvent (μL), vortex and ultrasonic times (min) were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the analytes resulted in determination coefficients (R 2) of 0.9985 and 0.9967 in the concentration range 0.01-2 μg mL-1, and in limits of detection of 0.0025 and 0.0028 μg mL-1. Significantly, this method can be successfully applied in order to determine the target analytes in spiked real samples. Notably, the relative mean recoveries range from 94.5 to 105.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Siahkamari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University P.O. Box 69315516 Ilam Iran
| | - Ali Daneshfar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University P.O. Box 69315516 Ilam Iran .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University Khoramabad Iran
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A Status Review on Health-Promoting Properties and Global Regulation of Essential Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041809. [PMID: 36838797 PMCID: PMC9968027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, essential oils (EOs) have been known for their therapeutic potential against many health issues. Recent studies suggest that EOs may contribute to the regulation and modulation of various biomarkers and cellular pathways responsible for metabolic health as well as the development of many diseases, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and bacterial infections. During metabolic dysfunction and even infections, the immune system becomes compromised and releases pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to serious health consequences. The bioactive compounds present in EOs (especially terpenoids and phenylpropanoids) with different chemical compositions from fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants confer protection against these metabolic and infectious diseases through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. In this review, we have highlighted some targeted physiological and cellular actions through which EOs may exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. In addition, it has been observed that EOs from specific plant sources may play a significant role in the prevention of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, microbial infections, and increasing breast milk production, along with improvements in heart, liver, and brain health. The current status of the bioactive activities of EOs and their therapeutic effects are covered in this review. However, with respect to the health benefits of EOs, it is very important to regulate the dose and usage of EOs to reduce their adverse health effects. Therefore, we specified that some countries have their own regulatory bodies while others follow WHO and FAO standards and legislation for the use of EOs.
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Abd-Elaziz RA, Shukry M, Abdel-Latif HMR, Saleh RM. Growth-promoting and immunostimulatory effects of phytobiotics as dietary supplements for Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 133:108531. [PMID: 36639065 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A 56-day feeding experiment was designed to evaluate the impacts of five herbal extracts, namely Ginkgo biloba (GB), Moringa oleifera (MR), Myristica fragrans (NM), Silybum marianum (MT), and Astragalus membranaceus (AT) on growth, serum immune indices, and ammonia-N stress resistance of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings. Fish were fed on a diet with no herbal additives (reference or CNT), and several plant extracts-based diets were supplied with two inclusion doses of each extract (1.0 and 2.0 g/kg). After the end of the feeding, fish in all groups were exposed to acute ammonia stress, mortalities were recorded every 2 h for a duration of 10 h, and then survival percent was assessed. Results showed that growth was upgraded significantly in groups fed plant extracts-based diets compared to the CNT group. Serum proteins (albumin and total protein), lysozyme, complement C3, bactericidal, and myeloperoxidase activities were increased significantly in groups fed plant extracts-based diets in relation to the CNT group. The total immunoglobulin levels were increased significantly only in fish groups fed GB, MT, and NM-based diets. Post-exposure to acute ammonia stress, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve presented significantly higher survival of fish groups that fed plant extracts-enriched diets than those fed the CNT diet. The aforementioned results suggest that using herbal extracts as feed supplements can beneficially enhance the growth, the immunity of P. hypophthalmus fingerlings and may increase their tolerance in the face of extrinsic stressors. These findings may pave the way for the potential and regular application of herbal extracts in diets of P. hypophthalmus at their early life stages to raise their immunity and maintain aquaculture sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab A Abd-Elaziz
- Fish Diseases Department, Alexandria Provincial Lab, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Rasha M Saleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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11
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The dietary mixture of betaine, lactic acid bacteria, and exogenous digestive enzymes enhanced the growth performance, intestinal health, and immunity of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) grown in outdoor concrete tanks. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It has been illustrated that using mixtures of feed additives is more efficient than using individual additives in aquaculture. Hence, this study aimed to study a dietary mixture of betaine, lactic acid bacteria, and exogenous digestive enzymes (BLE) on the growth performance, digestion capacity, intestinal health, and blood indices of Nile tilapia reared outdoors in concrete tanks. Five diets were prepared where the basal diets mixed with BLE at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%. After 90 days, the growth performance of Nile tilapia-fed BLE was markedly enhanced in fish fed 0.25 and 0.5% of BLE, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was reduced (P<0.05). The lipase activity was significantly higher in tilapia fed BLE at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% than 0 and 1%. The amylase activity was meaningfully increased by 0.5% of BLE than 0, 0.25, 0.75, and 1%. The protease activity was significantly higher in tilapia fed BLE at 0.25 and 0.5 than 0, 0.75, and 1% (P<0.05). The intestine of fish fed on BLE showed an increase in intestinal villi density. The villi length, width, and the number of goblet cells were markedly higher in the anterior, middle, and posterior segments of the intestines of tilapia fed BLE than in the control group (P<0.05). Further, fish fed BLE had higher intestinal morphometry indices and count of goblet cells than the control. Significantly fish fed 0.25, and 0.5% of BLE had higher hemoglobulin, and hematocrit levels than fish fed 0, 0.75, and 1%. While, fish fed 0.5% had higher red blood cells than fish fed the remaining BLE levels (P<0.05). On the other hand, no marked effects for BLE supplementation were seen on the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, uric acid, and urea. The regression analysis showed that the maximum dose of BLE supplementation to achieve the highest final weight and the lowest FCR is 0.46% and 0.42%, respectively.
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12
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Anthelmintic Efficacy of Palmarosa Oil and Curcuma Oil against the Fish Ectoparasite Gyrodactylus kobayashii (monogenean). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131685. [PMID: 35804584 PMCID: PMC9265098 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogeneans are a serious threat to the development of aquaculture due to the severe economic losses they cause. The prevention and treatment of this disease are increasingly difficult because of the environmental and health concerns caused by the use of chemical anthelmintics and the emergence of drug resistance. It is thus necessary to search for effective alternatives for the treatment of monogenean infections. In the current study, anthelmintic efficacy of 16 selected essential oils (EOs) was investigated using the goldfish (Carassius auratus)–Gyrodactylus kobayashii model. The screening experiment indicated that palmarosa oil and curcuma oil had satisfactory anthelmintic activity against G. kobayashii with EC100 values of 10 and 12 mg/L after 24-h exposure, respectively. The in vivo and in vitro assays indicated anthelmintic efficacy of palmarosa oil against G. kobayashii was in a time and dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, curcuma oil showed an anesthetic effect on G. kobayashii, and its anthelmintic activity was dose-dependent rather than time-dependent in the concentration range tested in this study. Additionally, the 24-h LC50 (50% lethal concentration) against goldfish of these two EOs was 8.19-fold and 5.54-fold higher than their corresponding EC50 (50% effective concentration) against G. kobayashii, respectively. Moreover, exposure to these two EOs at 100% effective concentration against G. kobayashii had no serious physiological and histopathological influence on goldfish. These results demonstrated a high safety for goldfish of these two EOs. Overall, palmarosa oil and curcuma oil could be potential candidates for the treatment of G. kobayashii infections in aquaculture.
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