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Abdel-Latif HMR, Soliman AA, Gewaily MS, Amer AA, Shukry M, Khalil RH, Shehata AI. Dietary effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Allium sativum on growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal histoarchitecture, expression of growth- and immune-related genes, and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus to Aeromonas sobria. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109493. [PMID: 38461877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the benefits of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or garlic, Allium sativum supplementation in diets of Nile tilapia with regard to growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal histoarchitecture, expression of growth- and immune-related genes, and resistance to Aeromonas sobria infection. Fish (with an initial weight of 9.43 ± 0.08 g) were allocated to twelve hapas, organized into four triplicate treatment groups defined as control (no supplementation), yeast (4 g/kg diet), garlic (30 g/kg diet), and a mixture of both. This trial continued over a 60-day feeding period. Results revealed that combined treatment (yeast + garlic) demonstrated the most promising outcomes regarding growth, with significantly higher final body weights, weight gains, and specific growth rates compared to other groups. Moreover, this combination enhanced hepatic antioxidant status, as evidenced by elevated levels of reduced glutathione and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, reflecting improved defense against oxidative stress. Histological assessments of the livers and intestines demonstrated structural enhancements in yeast and garlic treatments, suggesting improvements in organ health. In comparison to the control, the gene expression analyses unveiled increased expression of growth-related (igf-1 and ghr1) and immune-related (il-10, lyz, and hep) genes in the test groups, indicating a possible reinforcement of the growth and immune responses. The combined treatment also showed the highest resistance to A. sobria infection, as evidenced by improved survival rates and lower mortality compared with the other groups. These findings highlight the benefits of a combination of both yeast and garlic as a dietary supplementation regimen. In conclusion, this study suggests that the combined treatment regimen could be considered an effective strategy to promote the health and productivity of Nile tilapia under production conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Ali A Soliman
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Asem A Amer
- Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Riad H Khalil
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt
| | - Akram Ismael Shehata
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
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Nishiguchi H, Suryadi IBB, Ali MFZ, Miura C, Miura T. Dietary Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens)-Dipterose-BSF-Enhanced Zebrafish Innate Immunity Gene Expression and Resistance to Edwardsiella tarda Infection. INSECTS 2024; 15:326. [PMID: 38786881 PMCID: PMC11121787 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Dietary management using immunostimulants to protect fish health and prevent bacterial infection is widely practiced. Many insect species possess various bioactive substances that can improve animal health. We previously identified several bioactive polysaccharides derived from insects, including dipterose-BSF from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae; this can stimulate innate immunity in mammalian macrophage RAW264.7 cells. However, the effect of dietary dipterose-BSF on the immune system of teleosts remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the immune status of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after 14 days of dietary inclusion of dipterose-BSF (0.01, 0.1, and 1 µg/g), followed by an immersion challenge using Edwardsiella tarda. To identify changes in the transcriptional profile induced by dipterose-BSF, we performed RNA-sequencing analyses of the liver and intestine. Differentially expressed genes were investigated, with both organs showing several upregulated genes, dominated by nuclear factor and tumor necrosis factor family genes. Gene Ontology analysis revealed several terms were significantly higher in the experimental group compared with the control group. Challenge tests suggested that dietary dipterose-BSF had some positive effects on disease resistance in fish, but these effects were not pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Nishiguchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (M.F.Z.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina Suryadi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan;
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Fariz Zahir Ali
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (M.F.Z.A.); (C.M.)
- Research Center for Marine and Land Bio Industry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Senggigi, Kodek Bay, Pemenang 83352, Indonesia
| | - Chiemi Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (M.F.Z.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Takeshi Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (M.F.Z.A.); (C.M.)
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Arciuch-Rutkowska M, Nowosad J, Gil Ł, Czarnik U, Kucharczyk D. Synergistic Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Sodium Butyrate, β-Glucan and Vitamins on Growth Performance, Cortisol Level, Intestinal Microbiome and Expression of Immune-Related Genes in Juvenile African Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4619. [PMID: 38731838 PMCID: PMC11083991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary supplementation with sodium butyrate, β-glucan and vitamins (A, D3, E, K, C) on breeding indicators and immune parameters of juvenile African catfish was examined. The fish were fed with unenriched (group C) and enriched feed with a variable proportion of sodium butyrate/β-glucan, and constant content of vitamins (W1-W3). After the experiment, blood and the middle gut were collected. The microbiome of the gut was determined using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Liver tissue was collected for determination of expression of immune-related genes (HSP70, IL-1β, TNFα). W2 and W3 were characterized by the most favorable values of breeding indicators (p < 0.05). The highest blood cortisol concentration was in group C (71.25 ± 10.45 ng/mL), and significantly the lowest in W1 (46.03 ± 7.01 ng/ mL) (p < 0.05). The dominance of Cetobacterium was observed in all study groups, with the largest share in W3 (65.25%) and W1 (61.44%). Gene expression showed an increased number of HSP70 genes in W1. IL-1β and TNFα genes peaked at W3. The W3 variant turns out to be the most beneficial supplementation, due to the improvement of breeding and immunological parameters. The data obtained can be used to create a preparation for commercial use in the breeding of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Arciuch-Rutkowska
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Al. Warszawska 117A, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.A.-R.); (J.N.)
| | - Joanna Nowosad
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Al. Warszawska 117A, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.A.-R.); (J.N.)
- Department of Research and Development, Chemprof, Gutkowo 54B, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Department of Ichthyology, Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology, National Inland Fisheries Research Institute, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gil
- Department of Research and Development, Chemprof, Gutkowo 54B, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Urszula Czarnik
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Kucharczyk
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Al. Warszawska 117A, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.A.-R.); (J.N.)
- Department of Research and Development, Chemprof, Gutkowo 54B, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Miyagawa A, Yamamoto N, Ohno A, Yamamura H. Preparation of β-1,3-glucan mimics via modification of polymer backbone, and evaluation of cytokine production using the polymer library in immune activation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130546. [PMID: 38442833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
β-1,3-Glucans possess therapeutic potential owing to their ability to exhibit immunostimulating activity. β-1,3-Glucans, isolated from various organisms, differ in their chemical structures, molecular weight, and branching degree, potentially forming particulate, helix, or random coil conformations in water. Therefore, this study used synthesized β-1,3-glucan mimic polymers to investigate the difference in binding affinity for dectin-1 and induced cytokine productions based on polymer structures. The β-1,3-glucan mimic polymers were synthesized using β-1,3-glucan tetrasaccharyl monomer, with subsequent modifications to the polymer backbones through the introduction of hydrogen or a hydroxy group. Polymers with different structures in both ligands and polymer backbones were utilized to comprehensively investigate their binding affinity to dectin-1 and cytokine-inducing in macrophages. Hydroxylated polymers exhibited a high binding affinity for dectin-1, similar to that of schizophyllan, whereas the polymer composed of only saccharyl monomers did not bind to dectin-1. Further, when administered to macrophage RAW264 cells, polymers with branched and hydrophobic polymer backbones exhibited strong cytokine-inducing activities. Moreover, the results revealed that the essential factors for cytokine induction include the branches of β-1,3-glucans, high (tens of thousands) molecular weights, and hydrophobicity. The results suggests that artificial polymers comprising these factors exhibit immunostimulating activity and could be developed as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Miyagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Nami Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Ayane Ohno
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hatsuo Yamamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
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Morgan AN, Fogelson SB, Wills PS, Mincer T, Mejri S, Page A. Hematological changes in Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) supplemented with β-glucan and Pediococcus acidilactici synbiotic. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1091-1111. [PMID: 38174614 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) are a species of growing interest for commercial aquaculture. Effective health monitoring is crucial to the successful growout of the species, and prophylactic and therapeutic use of chemicals and antibiotics has been the traditional strategy for promoting stock health. However, concerns about antimicrobial resistance, chemical residues in seafood products and the environment, and resultant immunosuppression have prompted the industry to identify alternative management strategies, including supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and combinations of both (synbiotics). The objectives of this study are to determine and compare hematological, plasma biochemical, and plasma protein electrophoresis data of synbiotic-supplemented (β-glucan and Pediococcus acidilactici) and non-supplemented Florida pompano. Reference intervals for blood analytes are provided for both groups and for subgroups (females, males, large, and small fish) where statistically significant results exist. There are no differences between the hematological and plasma biochemistry analytes between the supplemented and control groups, except for blood urea nitrogen and carbon dioxide, indicating a possible effect of synbiotic supplementation on gill function and osmoregulation. Sex-related and size-related differences are observed within each of the control and supplemented groups; however, biometric measurements do not strongly correlate with blood analytes. These data represent baseline hematological and plasma biochemical data in the Florida pompano and indicate the safety of synbiotic supplementation in this commercially important species. This study serves to further the commercialization of Florida pompano by providing blood analyte reference intervals for health monitoring in the aquaculture setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Morgan
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | | | - Paul S Wills
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Tracy Mincer
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Sahar Mejri
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Annie Page
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
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Anany EM, Ibrahim MA, El-Razek IMA, El-Nabawy ESM, Amer AA, Zaineldin AI, Gewaily MS, Dawood MAO. Combined Effects of Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the Growth Performance, Feed Utilization Intestinal Health, and Blood Biomarkers of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed Fish Meal-Free Diets. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10199-8. [PMID: 38157128 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Aquafeed quality is the most critical factor for aquaculture sustainability. However, limitations of traditional feed ingredients such as fishmeal (FM) need alternative strategies to ensure the nutritional requirements for aquatic animals. In this trial, four test diets were formulated (2 × 2 factorial design), where FM was incorporated in two diets at 10% with or without Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) at 1 g/kg. At the same time, FM was replaced with yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal (TM) with or without SC at 1 g/kg. The growth performance indices (final weight, weight gain, and SGR), and the feed utilization indices (FCR and PER) were markedly affected by the protein source (FM or TM) and dietary SC (P < 0.05). The protein source (FM or TM) significantly (P < 0.05) affected the whole-body protein and lipid contents, while the moisture and ash contents were unaffected (P > 0.05) by TM or SC. The growth of the intestinal villi showed a marked increase in both height and branching in the treated groups with SC along the whole length of the intestine. Furthermore, the immune cell infiltration was prominent near the intestinal crypts of the middle intestinal segments in the supplemented groups by SC. Dietary TM and SC revealed improved hepatic parenchyma in the liver tissue better than other groups. The hematological indices, including hemoglobulin, hematocrit, red blood cells, and white blood cells, were markedly affected by dietary SC (P < 0.05). The lysozyme activity and phagocytic index were markedly affected by dietary SC, while phagocytic activity was affected by dietary TM (P < 0.05). The catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde were markedly affected by the interaction between dietary protein source and SC, while superoxide dismutase was affected by dietary SC (P < 0.05). In conclusion, adding SC could enhance the utilization of TM by Nile tilapia with positive effects on the intestinal and liver histological features and the immune and antioxidative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M Anany
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Ibrahim
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Abd El-Razek
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - El-Said M El-Nabawy
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Asem A Amer
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Abbassa, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr I Zaineldin
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI-DOKI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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Schiavone M, François JM, Zerbib D, Capp JP. Emerging relevance of cell wall components from non-conventional yeasts as functional ingredients for the food and feed industry. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100603. [PMID: 37840697 PMCID: PMC10568300 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-conventional yeast species, or non-Saccharomyces yeasts, are increasingly recognized for their involvement in fermented foods. Many of them exhibit probiotic characteristics that are mainly due to direct contacts with other cell types through various molecular components of their cell wall. The biochemical composition and/or the molecular structure of the cell wall components are currently considered the primary determinant of their probiotic properties. Here we first present the techniques that are used to extract and analyze the cell wall components of food industry-related non-Saccharomyces yeasts. We then review the current understanding of the cell wall composition and structure of each polysaccharide from these yeasts. Finally, the data exploring the potential beneficial role of their cell wall components, which could be a source of innovative functional ingredients, are discussed. Such research would allow the development of high value-added products and provide the food industry with novel inputs beyond the well-established S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schiavone
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | - Jean M. François
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), UMS INRAE/INSA/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Zerbib
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Capp
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
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Sanahuja I, Fernandez-Alacid L, Torrecillas S, Ruiz A, Vallejos-Vidal E, Firmino JP, Reyes-Lopez FE, Tort L, Tovar-Ramirez D, Ibarz A, Gisbert E. Dietary Debaryomyces hansenii promotes skin and skin mucus defensive capacities in a marine fish model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1247199. [PMID: 37711618 PMCID: PMC10499179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1247199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explores the effects of two supplementation levels of Debaryomyces hansenii (1.1% and 2.2%) as a probiotic in a reference low fish meal-based diet on the skin mucosal tissue in Sparus aurata. This study includes the evaluation of fish performance coupled with a holistic study of the skin mucosa: i) a transcriptomic study of the skin tissue, and ii) the evaluation of its secreted mucus both in terms of skin mucosal-associated biomarkers and its defensive capacity by means of co-culture analysis with two pathogenic bacteria. Results showed that after 70 days of diet administration, fish fed the diet supplemented with D. hansenii at 1.1% presented increased somatic growth and a better feed conversion ratio, compared to fish fed the control diet. In contrast, fish fed the diet including 2.2% of the probiotic presented intermediate values. Regarding gene regulation, the probiotic administration at 1.1% resulted in 712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 53.4% and 46.6% were up- and down-regulated, respectively. In particular, D. hansenii modulated some skin biological processes related to immunity and metabolism. Specifically, D. hansenii administration induced a strong modulation of some immune biological-related processes (61 DEGs), mainly involved in B- and T-cell regulatory pathways. Furthermore, dietary D. hansenii promoted the skin barrier function by the upregulation of anchoring junction genes (23 DEGs), which reinforces the physical defense against potential skin damage. In contrast, the skin showed modulated genes related to extracellular exosome and membrane organization (50 DEGs). This modulated functioning is of great interest, particularly in relation to the increased skin mucus defensive capacity observed in the bacterial co-culture in vitro trials, which could be related to the increased modulation and exudation of the innate immune components from the skin cells into the mucus. In summary, the modulation of innate immune parameters coupled with increased skin barrier function and cell trafficking potentiates the skin's physical barrier and mucus defensive capacity, while maintaining the skin mucosa's homeostatic immune and metabolic status. These findings confirmed the advantages of D. hansenii supplementation in low fish meal-based diets, demonstrating the probiotic benefits on cultured marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Sanahuja
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Laura Fernandez-Alacid
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Torrecillas
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Alberto Ruiz
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joana P. Firmino
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, Spain
| | | | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antoni Ibarz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, Spain
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9
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Sanahuja I, Ruiz A, Firmino JP, Reyes-López FE, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Vallejos-Vidal E, Tort L, Tovar-Ramírez D, Cerezo IM, Moriñigo MA, Sarasquete C, Gisbert E. Debaryomyces hansenii supplementation in low fish meal diets promotes growth, modulates microbiota and enhances intestinal condition in juvenile marine fish. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:90. [PMID: 37422657 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of a sustainable business model with social acceptance, makes necessary to develop new strategies to guarantee the growth, health, and well-being of farmed animals. Debaryomyces hansenii is a yeast species that can be used as a probiotic in aquaculture due to its capacity to i) promote cell proliferation and differentiation, ii) have immunostimulatory effects, iii) modulate gut microbiota, and/or iv) enhance the digestive function. To provide inside into the effects of D. hansenii on juveniles of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) condition, we integrated the evaluation of the main key performance indicators coupled with the integrative analysis of the intestine condition, through histological and microbiota state, and its transcriptomic profiling. RESULTS After 70 days of a nutritional trial in which a diet with low levels of fishmeal (7%) was supplemented with 1.1% of D. hansenii (17.2 × 105 CFU), an increase of ca. 12% in somatic growth was observed together with an improvement in feed conversion in fish fed a yeast-supplemented diet. In terms of intestinal condition, this probiotic modulated gut microbiota without affecting the intestine cell organization, whereas an increase in the staining intensity of mucins rich in carboxylated and weakly sulphated glycoconjugates coupled with changes in the affinity for certain lectins were noted in goblet cells. Changes in microbiota were characterized by the reduction in abundance of several groups of Proteobacteria, especially those characterized as opportunistic groups. The microarrays-based transcriptomic analysis found 232 differential expressed genes in the anterior-mid intestine of S. aurata, that were mostly related to metabolic, antioxidant, immune, and symbiotic processes. CONCLUSIONS Dietary administration of D. hansenii enhanced somatic growth and improved feed efficiency parameters, results that were coupled to an improvement of intestinal condition as histochemical and transcriptomic tools indicated. This probiotic yeast stimulated host-microbiota interactions without altering the intestinal cell organization nor generating dysbiosis, which demonstrated its safety as a feed additive. At the transcriptomic level, D. hansenii promoted metabolic pathways, mainly protein-related, sphingolipid, and thymidylate pathways, in addition to enhance antioxidant-related intestinal mechanisms, and to regulate sentinel immune processes, potentiating the defensive capacity meanwhile maintaining the homeostatic status of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Sanahuja
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, 43540, Spain
| | - Alberto Ruiz
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, 43540, Spain
| | - Joana P Firmino
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, 43540, Spain
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Avda. República Saharaui nº 2, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Isabel M Cerezo
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Biotecnología Y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain
- SCBI, Bioinformatic Unit, University of Malaga, 29590, Malaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Moriñigo
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Biotecnología Y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Avda. República Saharaui nº 2, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, 43540, Spain.
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