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Lee J, Kim DH, Lee K. Myostatin gene role in regulating traits of poultry species for potential industrial applications. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:82. [PMID: 38825693 PMCID: PMC11145818 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The myostatin (MSTN) gene is considered a potential genetic marker to improve economically important traits in livestock, since the discovery of its function using the MSTN knockout mice. The anti-myogenic function of the MSTN gene was further demonstrated in farm animal species with natural or induced mutations. In poultry species, myogenesis in cell culture was regulated by modulation of the MSTN gene. Also, different expression levels of the MSTN gene in poultry models with different muscle mass have been reported, indicating the conserved myogenic function of the MSTN gene between mammalian and avian species. Recent advances of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing techniques have led to development of genome-edited poultry species targeting the MSTN gene to clearly demonstrate its anti-myogenic function and further investigate other potential functions in poultry species. This review summarizes research conducted to understand the function of the MSTN gene in various poultry models from cells to whole organisms. Furthermore, the genome-edited poultry models targeting the MSTN gene are reviewed to integrate diverse effects of the MSTN gene on different traits of poultry species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbum Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Drachmann FF, Christensen M, Esberg J, Lauridsen T, Fogh A, Young JF, Therkildsen M. Beef-on-dairy: Meat quality of veal and prediction of intramuscular fat using the Q-FOM™ Beef camera at the 5th-6th thoracic vertebra. Meat Sci 2024; 213:109503. [PMID: 38579510 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to describe the meat quality of young Holstein (HOL) beef-on-dairy heifers and bulls sired by Angus (ANG, n = 109), Charolais (CHA, n = 101) and Danish Blue (DBL, n = 127), and to investigate the performance of the handheld vision-based Q-FOM™ Beef camera in predicting the intramuscular fat concentration (IMF%) in M. longissimus thoracis from carcasses quartered at the 5th-6th thoracic vertebra. The results showed significant differences between crossbreeds and sexes on carcass characteristics and meat quality. DBL × HOL had the highest EUROP conformation scores, whereas ANG × HOL had darker meat with higher IMF% (3.52%) compared to CHA × HOL (2.99%) and DBL × HOL (2.51%). Bulls had higher EUROP conformation scores than heifers, and heifers had higher IMF% (3.70%) than bulls (2.31%). These findings indicate the potential for producing high-quality meat from beef-on-dairy heifers and ANG bulls. The IMF% prediction model for Q-FOM performed well with R2 = 0.91 and root mean squared error of cross validation, RMSECV = 1.33%. The performance of the prediction model on the beef-on-dairy veal subsample ranging from 0.9 to 7.4% IMF had lower accuracy (R2 = 0.48) and the prediction error (RMSEveal) was 1.00%. When grouping beef-on-dairy veal carcasses into three IMF% classes (2.5% IMF bins), 62.6% of the carcasses were accurately predicted. Furthermore, Q-FOM IMF% predictions and chemically determined IMF% were similar for each combination of sex and crossbreed, revealing a potential of Q-FOM IMF% predictions to be used in breeding, when aiming for higher meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fie F Drachmann
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Esberg
- Frontmatec A/S, Hassellunden 9, 2765 Smoerum, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Fogh
- SEGES Innovation P/S, Agro Food Park 15, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jette F Young
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Margrethe Therkildsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Paek HJ, Li ZY, Quan BH, Yin XJ. Application of PCR-RFLP for quick identification of MSTN mutants in MSTN mutant pig breeding. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2231-2239. [PMID: 35697304 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2083628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Knockout of the MSTN gene is linked to the enlarged tongue, and it causes suckling difficulty in animals. The suckling difficulty has a severe effect on animal mortality. Thus, special care was required to ensure their survivability. Here, it is critical to promptly ascertain the genotype of all pigs after birth. The main objective of the present study was to develop the restriction enzyme-mediated PCR-RFLP assay for MSTN mutant pig genotyping. To accomplish this, conserved oligonucleotide primer and restriction site were deduced according to the mutated sequence of the MSTN mutant pigs. PCR amplification yielded a 176 bp band for all homozygous MSTN mutant (MSTN-/-), heterozygous MSTN mutant (MSTN+/-) and wild-type (WT) pigs. However, MSTN+/- samples produced two fragments with 176 and 87 bp, and WT samples produced one fragment with 87 bp after being digested by BstNI. MSTN-/- samples were not digested by BstNI and yielded a 176 bp band. Thus, we were able to determine the genotype of all pigs using BstNI restriction enzyme-mediated PCR-RFLP method. Overall, the present study reported a simple and fast PCR-RFLP genotyping method for MSTN mutant pig breeding. The present study may contribute to the establishment of commercial breeding systems and the production of double muscle pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Paek
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhou-Yan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Biao-Hu Quan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
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Hai C, Bai C, Yang L, Wei Z, Wang H, Ma H, Ma H, Zhao Y, Su G, Li G. Effects of Different Generations and Sex on Physiological, Biochemical, and Growth Parameters of Crossbred Beef Cattle by Myostatin Gene-Edited Luxi Bulls and Simmental Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3216. [PMID: 37893940 PMCID: PMC10603717 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Myostatin (MSTN) is a protein that regulates skeletal muscle development and plays a crucial role in maintaining animal body composition and muscle structure. The loss-of-function mutation of MSTN gene can induce the muscle hypertrophic phenotype. (2) Methods: Growth indexes and blood parameters of the cattle of different months were analyzed via multiple linear regression. (3) Results: Compared with the control group, the body shape parameters of F2 cattle were improved, especially the body weight, cross height, and hip height, representing significant development of hindquarters, and the coat color of the F2 generation returned to the yellow of Luxi cattle. As adults, MSTN gene-edited bulls have a tall, wide acromion and a deep, wide chest. Both the forequarters and hindquarters are double-muscled with clear muscle masses. The multiple linear regression demonstrates that MSTN gene-edited hybrid beef cattle gained weight due to the higher height of the hindquarters. Significant differences in blood glucose, calcium, and low-density lipoprotein. Serum insulin levels decreased significantly at 24 months of age. MSTN gene editing improves the adaptability of cattle. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that breeding with MSTN gene-edited Luxi bulls can improve the growth and performance of hybrid cattle, with potential benefits for both farmers and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (C.H.); (C.B.); (L.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chunling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (C.H.); (C.B.); (L.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (C.H.); (C.B.); (L.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhuying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (C.H.); (C.B.); (L.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hong Wang
- Sheng-Quan Ecological Animal Husbandry Company, Chifeng 024500, China;
| | - Haoran Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Haibing Ma
- Inner Mongolia Aokesi Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Hesge Ula Ranch, Ulagai Management Area, Xilingol League 026321, China;
| | - Yuefang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (C.H.); (C.B.); (L.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guanghua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (C.H.); (C.B.); (L.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (C.H.); (C.B.); (L.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
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Wu D, Wang S, Hai C, Wang L, Pei D, Bai C, Su G, Liu X, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Yang L, Li G. The Effect of MSTN Mutation on Bile Acid Metabolism and Lipid Metabolism in Cattle. Metabolites 2023; 13:836. [PMID: 37512543 PMCID: PMC10384915 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle genesis during development. MSTN mutation leads to increased lean meat production and reduced fat deposition in livestock. However, the mechanism by which MSTN promotes myogenesis by regulating metabolism is not clear. In this study, we compared the metabolomics of the livers of wild-type (WT) and MSTN mutation cattle (MT), and found changes in the content and proportion of fatty acids and bile acids in MT cattle. The differential metabolites were enriched in sterol synthesis and primary bile acid synthesis. We further analyzed the expression of genes involved in the regulation of lipid and bile acid metabolism, and found that the loss of MSTN may alter lipid synthesis and bile acid metabolism. This study provides new basic data for MSTN mutations in beef cattle breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chao Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Linfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Dongchao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Chunling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Guanghua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuefang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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Garlito B, Sentandreu MA, Yusà V, Oliván M, Pardo O, Sentandreu E. New insights into the search of meat quality biomarkers assisted by Orbitrap Tribrid untargeted metabolite analysis and chemometrics. Food Chem 2023; 407:135173. [PMID: 36527949 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite profiles of normal and defective dry, firm and dark (DFD) meat extracts with known ultimate pH (pHu) values were determined by Orbitrap Tribrid ID-X untargeted analysis coupled to chemometrics. An intelligent MS3 AcquireXTM workflow firstly approached the unambiguous characterization of detected features that were subsequently quantified by a complementary MS1 study of biological replicates. Chemometric research revealed how threonylphenylalanine (overexpressed in normal meats) together to tetradecadienoyl- and hydroxydodecanoyl-carnitines (both overexpressed in DFD meats) appropriately grouped meat groups assayed. Robustness of such biomarkers was confirmed through a time-delayed study of a blind set of samples (unknown pHu) and evidenced limitations of pHu as an isolated parameter for accurate meat quality differentiation. Other acyl-carnitines also characterized DFD samples, suggesting interferences induced by pre-slaughter stress (PSS) on lipid catabolism that would explain accumulation of such intermediate metabolites. Results achieved can ease understanding of biochemical mechanisms underlying meat quality defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Garlito
- Enviromental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat S/N, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 València, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sentandreu
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 València, Spain
| | - Mamen Oliván
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Alimentario (SERIDA), Carretera de Oviedo, s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Olga Pardo
- Public Health Laboratory of València, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 València, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Enrique Sentandreu
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Lee J, Tompkins Y, Kim DH, Kim WK, Lee K. The effects of myostatin mutation on the tibia bone quality in female Japanese quail before and after sexual maturation. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102734. [PMID: 37156076 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the modern layer industry, improvement of bone quality is one of the prior tasks to solve from economic and welfare standpoints. In addition to nutritional and environmental factors, genetic factors have been considered major factors regulating bone quality in layers but are yet to be fully investigated due to limitations on available animal models. Initially, the myostatin (MSTN) gene was genetically edited in quail to investigate the effect of MSTN mutation on economic traits in meat producing poultry species. In the current study, the function of the MSTN gene on regulation of bone quality in layers was investigated using MSTN mutant female quail as an animal model. Tibia bones were collected from wild-type (WT) and MSTN mutant female quail at 5 wk old and 4 mo old, representing prelaying and actively laying stages, respectively. Left tibia bones were analyzed by microcomputed tomography scanning to evaluate the architectural characteristics, while bone breaking strength (BBS) was measured using right tibia bones. At 5 wk of age, MSTN mutant female quail showed higher BBS and values on parameters related to bone quality such as bone mineral contents (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV), and/or trabecular bone thickness in whole diaphysis, whole metaphysis, and metaphyseal trabecular bone, compared to WT female quail. Although BBS and BMD became similar between the 2 groups at 4 mo of age, higher TV and TS in whole metaphysis and higher BMC and TV in whole diaphysis of MSTN mutant group compared to those of WT group suggested that the improved tibia bone quality by MSTN mutation before sexual maturation lasted to a certain degree even after sexual maturation. The use of the MSTN mutant female model provided new insights into genetic regulation on female quail bone quality depending on physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbum Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuguo Tompkins
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Chen M, Zhao Y, Li Y, Chen T, Zhou W, Zhang X, Deng S, Xu X, Wu S, Liu Z, Qi S, Wang L, Li Y, Yu K, Lian Z. Reproduction and viscera organ characteristics of MSTN and FGF5 dual-gene knockout sheep. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1119312. [PMID: 37065235 PMCID: PMC10102541 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1119312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMyostatin (MSTN) negatively regulates skeletal muscle development. However, its function in reproductive performance and visceral organs has not been thoroughly investigated. Previously, we prepared a MSTN and fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) double-knockout sheep, which was a MSTN and FGF5 dual-gene biallelic homozygous (MF−/−) mutant.MethodsTo understand the role of MSTN and FGF5 in reproductive performance and visceral organs, this study evaluated the ejaculation amount, semen pH, sperm motility, sperm density, acrosome integrity, rate of teratosperm, and seminal plasma biochemical indicators in adult MF−/− rams. We also compared the overall morphology, head, head-neck junction, middle segment and the transection of middle segment of spermatozoa between wildtype (WT) and MF−/− rams.ResultsOur results showed that the seminal plasma biochemical indicators, sperm structure and all sperm indicators were normal, and the fertilization rate also has no significant difference between WT and MF−/− rams, indicating that the MF−/− mutation did not affect the reproductive performance of sheep. Additional analysis evaluated the histomorphology of the visceral organs, digestive system and reproductive system of MF+/− sheep, the F1 generation of MF−/−, at the age of 12 months. There was an increased spleen index, but no significant differences in the organ indexes of heart, liver, lung, kidney and stomach, and no obvious differences in the histomorphology of visceral organs, digestive system and reproductive system in MF+/− compared with WT sheep. No MF+/− sheep were observed to have any pathological features.DiscussionIn summary, the MSTN and FGF5 double-knockout did not affect reproductive performance, visceral organs and digestive system in sheep except for differences previously observed in muscle and fat. The current data provide a reference for further elucidating the application of MSTN and FGF5 double-knockout sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wendi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Sheep Breeding Innovation Team, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueling Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sujun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yan Li
| | - Kun Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Kun Yu
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxing Lian
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Kim DH, Lee B, Lee J, Bohrer BM, Choi YM, Lee K. Effects of a myostatin mutation in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) on the physicochemical and histochemical characteristics of the pectoralis major muscle. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1172884. [PMID: 37064889 PMCID: PMC10097996 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1172884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the carcass, meat quality, and histochemical characteristics of pectoralis major (PM) muscle between wild type (WT) and myostatin (Mstn) homozygous mutant (HO) quail lines. The HO quail line exhibited significantly heavier body weight (HO vs. WT, 115.7 g vs. 106.2 g, approximately 110%) and PM muscle weight (HO vs. WT, 18.0 g vs. 15.2 g, approximately 120%) compared to the WT (p < 0.001). However, the two groups had similar traits (pH, redness, yellowness, and drip loss) for meat quality, although slightly higher lightness and cooking loss were observed in the mutant quail (103% and 141%, respectively, p < 0.05). For histochemical traits of PM muscle, Mstn mutant quail exhibited lower type IIA and higher type IIB percentage in the deep region than WT quail (p < 0.05), indicating a fiber conversion from the type IIA to IIB. However, the two quail lines had comparable histochemical traits in the superficial region (p > 0.05). These data suggest that Mstn mutation greatly increases muscle mass without significantly affecting meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Boin Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonbum Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Bohrer
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Min Choi, ; Kichoon Lee,
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Young Min Choi, ; Kichoon Lee,
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Exploring and Identifying Candidate Genes and Genomic Regions Related to Economically Important Traits in Hanwoo Cattle. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6075-6092. [PMID: 36547075 PMCID: PMC9777506 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current review was to explore and summarize different studies concerning the detection and characterization of candidate genes and genomic regions associated with economically important traits in Hanwoo beef cattle. Hanwoo cattle, the indigenous premium beef cattle of Korea, were introduced for their marbled fat, tenderness, characteristic flavor, and juiciness. To date, there has been a strong emphasis on the genetic improvement of meat quality and yields, such as backfat thickness (BFT), marbling score (MS), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), and yearling weight (YW), as major selection criteria in Hanwoo breeding programs. Hence, an understanding of the genetics controlling these traits along with precise knowledge of the biological mechanisms underlying the traits would increase the ability of the industry to improve cattle to better meet consumer demands. With the development of high-throughput genotyping, genomewide association studies (GWAS) have allowed the detection of chromosomal regions and candidate genes linked to phenotypes of interest. This is an effective and useful tool for accelerating the efficiency of animal breeding and selection. The GWAS results obtained from the literature review showed that most positional genes associated with carcass and growth traits in Hanwoo are located on chromosomes 6 and 14, among which LCORL, NCAPG, PPARGC1A, ABCG2, FAM110B, FABP4, DGAT1, PLAG1, and TOX are well known. In conclusion, this review study attempted to provide comprehensive information on the identified candidate genes associated with the studied traits and genes enriched in the functional terms and pathways that could serve as a valuable resource for future research in Hanwoo breeding programs.
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Myostatin Knockout Affects Mitochondrial Function by Inhibiting the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α Pathway in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213703. [PMID: 36430183 PMCID: PMC9694677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (Mstn) is a major negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass and initiates multiple metabolic changes. The deletion of the Mstn gene in mice leads to reduced mitochondrial functions. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate myostatin-knockout (Mstn-KO) mice via pronuclear microinjection. Mstn-KO mice exhibited significantly larger skeletal muscles. Meanwhile, Mstn knockout regulated the organ weights of mice. Moreover, we found that Mstn knockout reduced the basal metabolic rate, muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, activities of mitochondrial respiration chain complexes, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, and thermogenesis. Mechanistically, expressions of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) were down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) acetylation modification increased in the Mstn-KO mice. Skeletal muscle cells from Mstn-KO and WT were treated with AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), and the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, respectively. Compared with the wild-type (WT) group, Compound C treatment further down-regulated the expression or activity of pAMPK, SIRT1, citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDHm), and α-ketoglutarate acid dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) in Mstn-KO mice, while Mstn knockout inhibited the AICAR activation effect. Therefore, Mstn knockout affects mitochondrial function by inhibiting the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α signaling pathway. The present study reveals a new mechanism for Mstn knockout in regulating energy homeostasis.
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Han SZ, Gao K, Chang SY, Choe HM, Paek HJ, Quan BH, Liu XY, Yang LH, Lv ST, Yin XJ, Quan LH, Kang JD. miR-455-3p Is Negatively Regulated by Myostatin in Skeletal Muscle and Promotes Myoblast Differentiation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10121-10133. [PMID: 35960196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a growth and differentiation factor that regulates proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts, which in turn controls skeletal muscle growth. It may regulate myoblast differentiation by influencing miRNA expression, and the present study aimed to clarify its precise mechanism of action. Here, we found that MSTN-/- pigs showed an overgrowth of skeletal muscle and upregulated miR-455-3p level. Intervention of MSTN expression using siMSTN in C2C12 myoblasts also showed that siMSTN significantly increased the expression of miR-455-3p. It was found that miR-455-3p directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region of Smad2 by dual-luciferase assay. qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analyses indicated that miR-455-3p overexpression or Smad2 silencing in C2C12 myoblasts significantly promoted myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, siMSTN significantly increased the expression of GATA3. The levels of miR-455-3p were considerably reduced in C2C12 myoblasts following GATA3 knockdown. Consistently, GATA3 knockdown also reduced the enhanced miR-455-3p expression caused by siMSTN. Finally, we illustrated that GATA3 has a role in myoblast differentiation regulation. Taken together, we identified the expression profiles of miRNAs in MSTN-/- pigs and found that miR-455-3p positively regulates myoblast differentiation. In addition, we revealed that MSTN acts through the GATA3/miR-455-3p/Smad2 cascade to regulate muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Zhong Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Shuang-Yan Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Hak-Myong Choe
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Hyo-Jin Paek
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Biao-Hu Quan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xin-Yue Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Liu-Hui Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Si-Tong Lv
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Lin-Hu Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
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Myostatin deficiency decreases cardiac extracellular matrix in pigs. Transgenic Res 2022; 31:553-565. [PMID: 35978205 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, negatively regulates muscle growth. MSTN inhibition has been known to cause a double-muscled phenotype in skeletal muscle and fibrosis reduction in the heart. However, the role of MSTN in the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) needs more studies in various species of animal models to draw more objective conclusions. The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether loss of MSTN affects the cardiac extracellular matrix in pigs. Three MSTN knockouts (MSTN-/-) and three wild type (WT) male pigs were generated by crossing MSTN ± heterozygous gilts and boars. Cardiac ECM and underlying mechanisms were determined post-mortem. The role of MSTN on collagen expression was investigated by treating cardiac fibroblasts with active MSTN protein in vitro. MSTN protein was detected in WT hearts, while no expression was detected in MSTN-/- hearts. The heart-to-body weight ratio was significantly decreased in MSTN-/- pigs. The morphometric analyses, including picrosirius red staining, immunofluorescent staining, and ultra-structural thickness examination of the endomysium, revealed a significant reduction of connective tissue content in MSTN-/- hearts compared to WT. Hydroxyproline, type I collagen (Col1A), and p-Smad3/Smad3 levels were significantly lower in MSTN-/- hearts in vivo. On the contrary, cardiac fibroblasts treated with exogenous MSTN protein overexpressed Col1A and activated Smad and AKT signaling pathways in vitro. The present study suggests that inhibition of MSTN decreases cardiac extracellular matrix.
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A Preliminary Investigation of Myostatin Gene (MSTN) Variation in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) and Its Implications for Venison Production in New Zealand. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131615. [PMID: 35804514 PMCID: PMC9264758 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Despite variation in the myostatin gene having been reported in livestock species, little work has been undertaken in red deer (Cervus elaphus). This study describes the presence of two nucleotide sequences of the myostatin gene in New Zealand red deer, but no association was found between this variation and selected muscle and growth traits. Abstract Myostatin (MSTN), also known as growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8), is a negative regulator of lean muscle tissue growth. Variation in the gene has been studied in many domesticated species, because of its potential to dramatically increase muscle mass. It has, however, not been investigated in red deer (Cervus elaphus). In this study, variation in MSTN intron 1 was investigated in 211 male New Zealand red deer, for which phenotypic measurements of M. Longissimus dorsi (eye muscle) (width, depth, and area, together with 12-month weight) were recorded. Two sequence variants (named A and B) differing by one nucleotide (c.373 + 224) were identified in the intron 1 region of the gene resulting in three genotypes (AA, AB, and BB; frequencies of 63.5%, 30.8%, and 5.7%, respectively), but no association between this variation and any of the quantitative measurements was detected. These results suggest that the deer MSTN is less variable than for other livestock species and that its activity may be controlled to maintain a size–growth equilibrium.
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Assessment of caspase activity in post mortem muscle as a way to explain characteristics of DFD beef. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pei Y, Fan Z, Song Y, Chen C, Mu Y, Li B, Feng Z, Li H, Li K. Viscera Characteristics of MSTN-Edited Heterozygous Pigs. Front Genet 2022; 13:764965. [PMID: 35299949 PMCID: PMC8921262 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.764965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a protein that negatively regulates growth of skeletal muscle, and inactivation of MSTN improves the mass of skeletal muscle. Our previous work found that MSTN+/− pigs have higher muscle depth and lower fat depth compared to wild type without any developmental problems. Therefore, MSTN-edited pigs are most likely to appear as heterozygotes in the potential future market, but the characteristics of organs in digestive and reproductive system of pigs with MSTN gene editing remains unclear. Here, we investigated the histological of the organs in the digestive system and reproductive system in MSTN gene heterozygotes at adult stages. The length of intestine was further compared between adult heterozygous and wild type pigs. We found no significant differences in histomorphology of organs, including heart, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, testis, epididymis, ovaries, oviducts and uterus, between individuals from two genotypes. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the average length of intestine in adult pigs. Our data provide a reference for further clarifying the applications of MSTN gene edited pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ziyao Fan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chujie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yulian Mu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Kui Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Kui Li,
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Ceccobelli S, Perini F, Trombetta MF, Tavoletti S, Lasagna E, Pasquini M. Effect of Myostatin Gene Mutation on Slaughtering Performance and Meat Quality in Marchigiana Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040518. [PMID: 35203227 PMCID: PMC8868461 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this work was the evaluation of slaughtering performance in a sample of 78 Marchigiana bulls with different allelic situation at the myostatin locus; in addition, the qualitative composition of meat samples collected from Longissimus thoracis muscle was evaluated. At the myostatin gene, 67 homozygotes normal, 11 heterozygotes, and no double-muscled homozygote bulls were detected. Heterozygote bulls showed high values in final live weight and dressing yield; moreover, they were characterized by a low incidence of fat at steak dissection, as well as in meat chemical composition. A better muscular conformation in heterozygote bulls’ carcasses was highlighted, with a higher incidence of their carcasses in class E and evident convexity of round, back, and shoulder muscular masses compared to the carcasses of Marchigiana bulls which were normal at the myostatin gene. Abstract The myostatin gene also called Growth Differentiation Factor 8 gene (GDF8) is one of the most investigated loci that can be responsible for several quantitative and qualitative carcass and meat traits in double-muscled beef cattle. The objective of the study was to bring to light the effect of the myostatin polymorphism on slaughtering performance and meat quality in Marchigiana beef cattle. The experiment was carried out on 78 bulls reared according to the “cow-calf” extensive managing system. At the end of the fattening period, in vivo and carcass data were recorded. From each carcass, a steak of Longissimus thoracis was taken and used to determine the meat’s analytical composition and colorimetric properties. Finally, from each steak a sample of Longissimus thoracis was collected, then used for DNA extraction and genotyping at the myostatin locus. The heterozygous bulls showed slight superiority in the carcass data (e.g., hot carcass weight: 426.09 kg—heterozygotes vs. 405.32 kg—normal) and meat quality parameters, although not always with statistical significance. Only fat and ashes content were significantly affected by the myostatin genotype (heterozygotes: 2.01%, 1.26%; normal: 3.04%, 1.15%). The greater muscularity of heterozygous animals compared to normal ones could be a starting point to improving productive efficiency in Marchigiana beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ceccobelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.F.T.); (S.T.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Perini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (F.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Maria Federica Trombetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.F.T.); (S.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefano Tavoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.F.T.); (S.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Emiliano Lasagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (F.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Marina Pasquini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.F.T.); (S.T.); (M.P.)
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Nassar R, Vernus B, Carnac G, Fouret G, Goustard B, Casas F, Tintignac L, Cassar-Malek I, Picard B, Seiliez I, Brioche T, Koechlin-Ramonatxo C, Bertrand-Gaday C, Hamade A, Najjar F, Chabi B, Bonnieu A. Myostatin gene inactivation increases post-mortem calpain-dependent muscle proteolysis in mice. Meat Sci 2021; 185:108726. [PMID: 34973590 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin deficiency leads to extensive skeletal muscle hypertrophy, but its consequence on post-mortem muscle proteolysis is unknown. Here, we compared muscle myofibrillar protein degradation, and autophagy, ubiquitin-proteasome and Ca2+-dependent proteolysis relative to the energetic and redox status in wild-type (WT) and myostatin knock-out mice (KO) during early post-mortem storage. KO muscles showed higher degradation of myofibrillar proteins in the first 24 h after death, associated with preserved antioxidant status, compared with WT muscles. Analysis of key autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome system markers indicated that these two pathways were not upregulated in post-mortem muscle (both genotypes), but basal autophagic flux and ATP content were lower in KO muscles. Proteasome and caspase activities were not different between WT and KO mice. Conversely, calpain activity was higher in KO muscles, concomitantly with higher troponin T and desmin degradation. Altogether, these results suggest that calpains but not the autophagy, proteasome and caspase systems, explain the difference in post-mortem muscle protein proteolysis between both genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Nassar
- DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire d'Innovation thérapeutique, Lebanese University, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Barbara Vernus
- DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Carnac
- PHYMEDEXP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Fouret
- DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - François Casas
- DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Tintignac
- Département de Biomédecine, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Cassar-Malek
- University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Brigitte Picard
- University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Iban Seiliez
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Thomas Brioche
- DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Aline Hamade
- Laboratoire d'Innovation thérapeutique, Lebanese University, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Fadia Najjar
- Laboratoire d'Innovation thérapeutique, Lebanese University, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Béatrice Chabi
- DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Bonnieu
- DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.
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Marcato F, van den Brand H, Kemp B, Engel B, Schnabel SK, Hoorweg FA, Wolthuis-Fillerup M, van Reenen K. Effects of transport age and calf and maternal characteristics on health and performance of veal calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1452-1468. [PMID: 34955258 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate effects of calf transport age (14 vs. 28 d) and calf (e.g., sex and breed) and dam characteristics (e.g., parity and ease of birth) on health and performance of veal calves until slaughter age. Calves (n = 683) originated from 13 dairy farms in the Netherlands and were transported at either 14 or 28 d of age from the dairy farm to 8 Dutch veal farms. A health assessment of calves was performed on a weekly basis at the dairy farm and in wk 2, 10, 18, and 24 at the veal farm. Body weight of calves was measured on a weekly basis at the dairy farm and upon arrival at the veal farm. At the veal farm, use of antibiotics and other medicines during the rearing period (both at herd and individual level) was recorded and carcass weights were obtained from the slaughterhouse. Body weight upon arrival (Δ = 11.8 kg) and carcass weight at slaughter (Δ = 14.8 kg) were greater, and mortality risk (Δ = -3.1%) and prevalence of animals treated with medicines other than antibiotics (e.g., antiinflammatories, multivitamins, and anticoccidial drugs; Δ = -5.4%) were lower in calves transported at 28 d compared with calves transported at 14 d. Crossbreds other than Belgian Blue × Holstein Friesian received a higher number of individual treatments with antibiotics and other medicines (Δ = 14.8% and Δ = 15.1%, respectively) at the veal farm compared with Belgian Blue × Holstein Friesian calves. These findings suggest that calves transported at 28 d were more robust compared with calves transported at 14 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marcato
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S K Schnabel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - F A Hoorweg
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Wolthuis-Fillerup
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K van Reenen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Fuente-García C, Aldai N, Sentandreu E, Oliván M, Franco D, García-Torres S, R Barron LJ, Sentandreu MÁ. Caspase activity in post mortem muscle and its relation to cattle handling practices. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:6258-6264. [PMID: 33937991 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal handling practices are one of the factors majorly affecting animal metabolism prior to slaughter. This phenomenon increases the occurrence of meat quality defects such as dark cutting-beef, causing high economical losses in the meat industry. Under this framework, the assessment of apoptosis onset in post mortem muscle was proposed as a novel approach to reveal biochemical characteristics in several Spanish bovine breeds (Asturiana de los Valles, Retinta and Rubia Gallega) managed under different production systems (intensive versus semi-extensive) and transport/lairage conditions (mixing versus not mixing with unfamiliar animals). To do so, the activities of initiator caspase 9 and executioner caspases 3/7 were determined in Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle at three early post mortem times (2, 8, and 24 h). RESULTS Breed effect and transport/lairage conditions were the most relevant factors that influenced both caspase activities over post mortem time, showing Rubia Gallega breed a completely different behavior compared to Asturiana de los Valles and Retinta breeds. Moreover, it is postulated that apoptosis cascade is initiated via the activation of caspase 9 under hypoxic or metabolic stress followed by the activation of executioner caspases 3/7. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of apoptosis on post mortem muscle can be a novel approach to study the influence of animal handling on muscle metabolism and post mortem cell death and its consequences on meat quality traits. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fuente-García
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Calle del Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - Enrique Sentandreu
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Calle del Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Mamen Oliván
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Alimentario (SERIDA), Apdo 13, Villaviciosa, Asturias, 33300, Spain
| | - Daniel Franco
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne (CETECA), Rúa Galicia 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, 32900, Spain
| | - Susana García-Torres
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Autovía A5, P.K. 372, Guadajira, Badajoz, 06187, Spain
| | - Luis Javier R Barron
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Sentandreu
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Calle del Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
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22
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Fossati P, Ruffo G. Purebred dogs and cats: A proposal for a better protection. J Vet Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Ferrinho AM, de Moura GV, Martins TDS, Muñoz J, Mueller LF, Garbossa PLM, de Amorim TR, Gemelli JL, Fuzikawa IHDS, Prado C, da Silveira JC, Poleti MD, Baldi F, Pereira AS. Rubia Gallega x Nelore crossbred cattle improve beef tenderness through changes in protein abundance and gene expression. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Wu P, Chen L, Cheng J, Pan Y, Zhu X, Bao L, Chu W, Zhang J. The miRNA expression profile directly reflects the energy metabolic differences between slow and fast muscle with nutritional regulation of the Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 259:111003. [PMID: 34118407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fish skeletal muscles are composed of two distinct types, slow and fast muscles, and they play important roles in maintaining the body's movement and energy metabolism. The two types of muscle are easy to separate, so they are often used as the model system for studies on their physiological and functional characteristics. In this study, we revealed that the carbohydrate and lipid metabolic KEGG pathways are different between slow and fast muscles of Chinese perch with transcriptome analysis. In fast muscle, glucose metabolism was catabolic with higher glycolysis capacity, while in slow muscle, glucose metabolism was anabolic with more glycogen synthesis. In addition, oxidative metabolism in slow muscle was stronger than that in fast muscle. By analyzing the expression levels of 40 miRNAs involved in metabolism in the muscles of Chinese perch, 18 miRNAs were significantly upregulated and 7 were significantly downregulated in slow muscle compared with fast muscle. Based on functional enrichment analysis of their target genes, the differential expression levels of 17 miRNAs in slow and fast muscles were reflected in their carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Among these, 15 miRNAs were associated with carbohydrate metabolism, and 6 miRNAs were associated with lipid metabolism. After 3 days of starvation, the expression levels of 15 miRNAs involved in glucose metabolism in fast and slow muscles increased. However, after 7 days of starvation, the mRNA levels of miR-22a, miR-23a, miR-133a-3p, miR-139, miR-143, miR-144, miR-181a and miR-206 decreased to basal levels. Our data suggest that the possible reason for the difference in glucose and lipid metabolism is that more miRNAs inhibit the expression of target genes in slow muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Yaxiong Pan
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Lingsheng Bao
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
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25
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van Marle-Köster E, Visser C. Unintended consequences of selection for increased production on the health and welfare of livestock. Arch Anim Breed 2021; 64:177-185. [PMID: 34109267 PMCID: PMC8182664 DOI: 10.5194/aab-64-177-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern farming technologies, including quantitative selection and breeding methods in farm animal species, resulted in increased production and efficiency. Selection for increased output in both intensive and extensive production systems has trade-offs and negative outcomes, often more pronounced in intensive systems. Animal welfare and health are often adversely affected and this influences sustainable production. The relative importance of animal welfare differs among developed and developing countries due to the level of economic development, food security and education, as well as religious and cultural practices which presents challenges for sound scientific research. Due to breeding goals in the past set on growth performance, traits such as fertility, welfare and health have been neglected. Fertility is the single most important trait in all livestock species. Reduced fertility and lameness, claw health and mastitis results in unnecessary culling and reduced longevity. Selection pressure for growth accompanied with inbreeding has resulted in a number of genetic defects in beef, sheep and pigs. This review demonstrated the importance of inclusion of animal welfare concepts into breeding objectives and selection strategies. Accurate phenotyping of welfare traits is a limiting factor in the implementation of mitigating strategies, which include diagnostic testing, control of inbreeding and genomic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Este van Marle-Köster
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028,
South Africa
| | - Carina Visser
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028,
South Africa
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26
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Research Note: Improved feed efficiency in quail with targeted genome editing in the myostatin gene. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101257. [PMID: 34174566 PMCID: PMC8242037 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased growth rate and decreased cost of feed are main focuses to increase revenue of poultry farms. Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of muscle growth and mutation on MSTN results in increased muscle growth. Due to the antimyogenic function of MSTN, MSTN gains high attention as a potential target and genetic selection marker to increase meat yield in the livestock industry. In addition, MSTN can affect feed efficiencies and, thus decrease total feed requirement as shown in increased feed efficiencies in pigs and cattle with MSTN mutations. Although MSTN mutation in various animal species has been previously studied, MSTN mutation in avian species has only recently been generated to characterize its biological function. However, beneficial effects of MSTN mutation on poultry production need to be further investigated. In this study, using the MSTN mutant quail, feed efficiency related to interplay of changes in body weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), and fat accretion were investigated. WG of mutant quail were significantly higher (P< 0.001) than those of wild-type (WT) from all time periods, 10-d interval from post-hatching day (D)10 to 40. Feed intake of mutant quail were significantly higher than those of WT from D 10 to 20 (P< 0.01) and D 20 to 30 (P< 0.001), but not from D 30 to 40, resulting in a significantly lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) of mutant quail compared to WT quail only from D 30 to 40 (P< 0.001). From those results, overall (D 10 to 40) FCR was significantly lower in mutant quail (P< 0.001) indicating improved feed efficiency by MSTN mutation. In addition, percentages of leg or abdominal fat compared to body weight in mutant quail at 8 wk were significantly lower than WT (P< 0.05). In combination to greater WG, less fat accretion might partially contribute to improved feed efficiency in MSTN mutant quail. As there is a current preference of meat with lower fat as a healthy food, MSTN can be used for the potential selection marker for not only bigger and leaner poultry, but also better feed efficiency that can satisfy both producers and consumers.
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27
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The impact of elective caesarean section on colostrum characteristics in double-muscled Belgian Blue cows. Theriogenology 2021; 167:120-125. [PMID: 33813052 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Identification of factors associated with the quality and quantity of colostrum production has always been a major challenge in cattle industry. In purebred double-muscled Belgian Blue (BB) cows, parturition is mainly performed by elective caesarean section (CS; >90%). However, the CS itself may influence colostrum production characteristics. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal and newborn calf factors and the duration of the procedure of CS on the quality and quantity of colostrum production in BB cows. The dataset includes 551 records of cow-calf pairs that were presented for an elective CS at the Ghent University veterinary clinic between 2017 and 2019. The quality (measured via a colostrum densimeter) and the quantity (measured via a standard volume scale) of colostrum were measured within 30 min after the end of the CS. Fixed effects were fitted in mixed linear regression models to test for their potential association with colostrum quality (specific gravity; SG) and quantity (liters), and generalized mixed-effects models were constructed to test the associations of fixed effects with the optimal colostrum production index (yes vs no) based on an adequate supply of both colostrum quality and quantity. The fixed effects tested were parity, the gender of the calf, birth weight, duration of CS (min), and season of birth. Our results show that parity (primiparity), duration of CS (longer CS), and calving season (summer) had a significantly negative impact on colostrum production. Concluding, both colostrum quality and quantity can be influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors (including duration of CS), which should be considered while feeding newborn calves delivered via CS.
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28
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Jakaria J, Ladhunka Nur Aliyya W, Ismail R, Yuni Siswanti S, Fakhrul Ulum M, Priyanto R. Discovery of SNPs and indel 11-bp of the myostatin gene and its association with the double-muscled phenotype in Belgian blue crossbred cattle. Gene 2021; 784:145598. [PMID: 33766709 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Determining double muscle based on the myostatin (MSTN) gene in Belgian blue (BB), Peranakan Ongole (PO) and BB × PO crossbred cattle is very important for crossbreeding programs. This study aimed to investigate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 11-bp deletions in the coding region of the MSTN gene and their relationship with the double-muscled phenotype in BB × PO crossbred cattle. A total of 86 blood samples were collected from 28 individual BB, 43 individual PO, and 15 individual BB × PO crossbred cattle. SNPs and indel 11-bp variation in the coding region of the MSTN gene were found using the sequencing method, followed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The MSTN gene in the coding region was detected in four SNPs found in PO cattle and its crossbreed. However, the four SNPs could not differentiate normal and double-muscled phenotypes although they are polymorphic. Moreover, in this study, an 11-bp deletion in exon 3 of the MSTN gene in BB cattle was found. In this case, by applying the PCR-RFLP technique using the restriction enzyme NmuCI (Tsp45I) in indel 11-bp, the genotypes that were successfully observed were +/+, +/del.11, and del.11/del.11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakaria Jakaria
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Dramaga, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Wenny Ladhunka Nur Aliyya
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Dramaga, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
| | - Riyadi Ismail
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Dramaga, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
| | - Sri Yuni Siswanti
- Livestock Embryos Centre (LEC) Cipelang, Bogor, West Java 16740, Indonesia
| | - Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum
- Department of Reproductive Clinics and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Rudy Priyanto
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Dramaga, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
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29
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Armengol R, Bassols M, Fraile L. A Cow-Calf Farming System Fully Adapted to Elevation and Harsh Conditions in Andorra (Europe). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030611. [PMID: 33652717 PMCID: PMC7996773 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural resources is an important topic to optimize the efficiency of cattle production. The purpose of this work is to describe the project of the Bruna d'Andorra; a local cow breed under an extensive cow-calf system in Andorra (Europe), as an example of local farming and marketing of its meat products in an area with adverse environmental conditions. This breed is located in Andorra, a microstate that consists predominantly of rugged mountains and harsh weather conditions. The cow-calf Bruna d'Andorra extensive system is thoroughly described and productive and reproductive performance, compiled over 21 years (2000-2020), has been analyzed by years with the Chi-square test or ANOVA to compare proportions or means, respectively, and regression analysis was used to decipher evolution across years. The results show a population with a census large and stable enough to avoid inbreeding. Moreover, a sustained improvement of the productive performance and maternal fitness has been observed along the studied period for Bruna d'Andorra. The work concludes that local breeds can achieve sustainable animal production, especially when farmers, public administration and commercial circuits in the area agree to cooperate on such projects. The study also concludes that the Bruna d'Andorra cow breed can still improve in meat and reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Armengol
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Marta Bassols
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.A.); (M.B.)
- Agrotecnio Research Center, ETSEA, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-973-702-814
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30
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Vinet A, Bouyer C, Forestier L, Oulmouden A, Blanquet V, Picard B, Cassar-Malek I, Bonnet M, Rocha D, Renand G. The Blonde d'Aquitaine T3811>G3811 mutation in the myostatin gene: association with growth, carcass, and muscle phenotypes in veal calves. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6129922. [PMID: 33624102 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutation T3811 → G3811 (TG3811) discovered in the myostatin gene of the Blonde d'Aquitaine breed is suspected of contributing to the outstanding muscularity of this breed. An experiment was designed to estimate the effect of this mutation in an F2 and back-cross Blonde d'Aquitaine × Holstein population. By genotyping all known mutations in the myostatin gene, it was ensured that the TG3811 mutation was indeed the only known mutation segregating in this population. Fifty-six calves (43 F2, 13 back-cross) were intensively fattened and slaughtered at 24.0 ± 1.4 wk of age. The effects of the mutation were estimated by comparing the calves with the [T/T] (n = 18), [T/G] (n = 30), and [G/G] (n = 8) genotypes. Highly significant substitution effects (P < 0.001), above + 1.2 phenotypic SD, were shown on carcass yield and muscularity scores. Birth weight (P < 0.001) was positively affected by the mutation (+0.8 SD) but not growth rate (P = 0.97), while carcass length (P = 0.03), and fatness (P ≤ 0.03) were negatively affected (-0.5 to -0.7 SD). The characteristics of the Triceps brachii muscle were affected by the mutation (P < 0.001), with lower ICDH activity (oxidative) and a higher proportion of myosin type 2X muscle fibers (fast twitch). The effects of the TG3811 mutation were similar to those of other known myostatin mutations, although the Blonde d'Aquitaine animals, which are predominantly [G/G] homozygous, do not exhibit extreme double muscling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Vinet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claire Bouyer
- INRAE, Université de Limoges, UMR Génomique Animale, Amélioration, Adaptation, Limoges, France
| | - Lionel Forestier
- INRAE, Université de Limoges, UMR Génomique Animale, Amélioration, Adaptation, Limoges, France
| | - Ahmad Oulmouden
- INRAE, Université de Limoges, UMR Génomique Animale, Amélioration, Adaptation, Limoges, France
| | - Véronique Blanquet
- INRAE, Université de Limoges, UMR Génomique Animale, Amélioration, Adaptation, Limoges, France
| | - Brigitte Picard
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Isabelle Cassar-Malek
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Dominique Rocha
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gilles Renand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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31
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Yaxing Z, Erdene K, Changjin A, Zhibi B, Hongxi D, Zejun F, Umair A, Chen B. Effects of Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts supplementation on the growth performance, carcass parameters and meat quality of sheep. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1971572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yaxing
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Khas Erdene
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ao Changjin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bao Zhibi
- Animal Husbandry Workstation for Bayannaoer, Linhe, China
| | - Du Hongxi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Hetao, Linhe, China
| | - Fan Zejun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ashraf Umair
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bai Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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32
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Keogh K, Carthy TR, McClure MC, Waters SM, Kenny DA. Genome-wide association study of economically important traits in Charolais and Limousin beef cows. Animal 2020; 15:100011. [PMID: 33515994 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic selection has proven effective for advancing genetic gain for key profit traits in dairy cattle production systems. However, its impact to-date on genetic improvement programs for beef cattle has been less effective. Despite this, the technology is thought to be particularly useful for low heritability traits such as those associated with reproductive efficiency. The objective of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with key determinants of reproductive and overall productive efficiency in beef cows. The analysis employed a large dataset derived from the national genetic evaluation program in Ireland for two of the most predominant beef breeds, viz. Charolais (n = 5 244 cows) and Limousin (n = 7 304 cows). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as being statistically significantly associated (adj. P < 0.05) with both reproductive and productive traits for both breed types. However, there was little across breed commonality, with only two SNPs (rs110240246 and rs110344317; adj. P < 0.05) located within the genomic regions of the LCORL and MSTN genes respectively, identified in both Charolais and Limousin populations, associated with traits including carcass weight, cull-cow weight and live-weight. Significant SNPs within the MSTN gene were also associated with both reproduction and production related traits within each breed. Finally, traits including calving difficulty, calf mortality and calving interval were associated with SNPs within genomic regions comprising genes involved in cellular growth and lipid metabolism. Genetic variants identified as associated with both important reproductive efficiency and production related traits from this study warrant further analyses for their potential incorporation into breeding programmes to support the sustainability of beef cattle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Keogh
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland
| | - T R Carthy
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland
| | - M C McClure
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Highfield House, Shinagh, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - S M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland
| | - D A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland.
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Fiems L, De Boever J, Ampe B, Goossens K, De Campeneere S. Importance of calcium and phosphorus in the diet of double-muscled Belgian blue beef cattle. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Residiwati G, Tuska HSA, Dolatabad NA, Sidi S, Van Damme P, Pavani KC, Pascottini OB, Opsomer G, Van Soom A. Crossbreeding effect of double-muscled cattle on in vitro embryo development and quality. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:288-292. [PMID: 32741722 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, several developing countries have started to breed double-muscled cattle to their autochthonous cattle to improve meat production. However, the developmental competence of the resultant crossbreeding embryos is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding double-muscled (Belgian Blue; BB) semen with beef (Limousin; LIM) and dairy (Holstein-Friesian; HF) derived oocytes on embryo development and quality, using purebred BB as a control (BB oocytes fertilized by BB sperm). A single ejaculate of a BB bull was evaluated by Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis before using for in vitro fertilization. Ovaries from each breed were collected at the local slaughterhouse (n = 1,720 oocytes). All statistical analyses were performed using R-core (P < 0.05). Embryo quality was evaluated via differential-apoptotic staining of day 8 blastocysts. Cleavage (48 h post insemination) and day 8 blastocyst rates were greater (P < 0.05) for LIM (82.9 ± 6 and 27 ± 4.3%, respectively) than for BB (69.8 ± 8.5 and 19.6 ± 3.1%, respectively) and HF (45.1 ± 10 and 12.3 ± 2.2%, respectively). Holstein-Friesian presented lower cleavage and day 8 blastocyst rates than BB (P < 0.05). Limousin blastocysts presented a higher number (P < 0.05) of inner cell mass cells (ICM; 68 ± 7.8) than HF (40.4 ± 8.2). In conclusion, crossbreeding double-muscled cattle by in vitro fertilization with LIM oocytes yielded better embryo compared with the purebred combination, while the combination with HF oocytes produced the lowest rate of blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretania Residiwati
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Habib S A Tuska
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nima-Azari Dolatabad
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Shehu Sidi
- Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Petra Van Damme
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Krishna C Pavani
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Geert Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Cortese M, Brščić M, Ughelini N, Andrighetto I, Contiero B, Marchesini G. Effectiveness of Stocking Density Reduction on Mitigating Lameness in a Charolais Finishing Beef Cattle Farm. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071147. [PMID: 32645856 PMCID: PMC7401523 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In finishing beef cattle farms, the limited space allowance and the fully slatted floor system could negatively affect animals’ performance, health and welfare. A larger individual space was provided as a strategy to mitigate lameness problems in a commercial farm. A larger space allowance may contain the spread of pathogens, leading to a reduction in the incidence of lameness and infectious diseases, and may decrease the risk of animals stepping into each other causing claw and leg injuries. Increasing the space allowance did not affect animal performance, whereas it had a positive implication through a significant reduction in the number of treatments of lame and sick animals. Abstract This study aimed at assessing whether a reduction in stocking density (SKD) would mitigate lameness and positively affect the performance and health of Charolais bulls in an Italian commercial farm. Bulls were distributed in groups of 10 or 8 animals/pen for high (HD) or low density (LD) corresponding to an individual space of 3.5 or 4.7 m2, respectively. Bulls were fitted with collars that measured rumination time and activity. Three 8-h observational sessions were conducted to record behaviors. Data about health conditions were collected daily. No differences were found in the animals’ performance. However, performance results might have been impaired by the culling rate experienced during the trial, which prevented from keeping a consistent SKD. Behaviors did not differ between groups, except for rumination time, which was higher for LD bulls during the third observation (p < 0.05). However, rumination time, recorded by collars, did not vary among treatments. There were no differences in the percentage of sick or lame bulls, but the percentage of animals treated repeatedly due to relapse was higher for the HD group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that a larger space allowance could improve the health of bulls kept on fully slatted floors.
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Picard B, Gagaoua M. Muscle Fiber Properties in Cattle and Their Relationships with Meat Qualities: An Overview. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6021-6039. [PMID: 32374594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The control of meat quality traits constitutes an important target for any farm animal production, including cattle. Therefore, better understanding of the biochemical properties that drive muscle development and final outcomes constitutes one of the main challenging topics of animal production and meat science. Accordingly, this review has focused on skeletal muscle fibers in cattle and their relationships with beef qualities. It aimed to describe the chemical and structural properties of muscle fibers as well as a comprehensive review of their contractile and metabolic characteristics during the life of the animal. The existing methods for the classification of muscle fibers were reviewed, compared, and discussed. Then, the different stages of myogenesis in cattle were defined. The main factors regulating fetal and postnatal growth and the plasticity of muscle fibers were evidenced, especially the role of myostatin growth factor and the impact of nutritional factors. This review highlights that the knowledge about muscle fibers is paramount for a better understanding of how to control the muscle properties throughout the life of the animal for better management of the final eating qualities of beef. Accordingly, the associations between bovine muscle fibers and different meat eating qualities such as tenderness, pH decline, and color traits were further presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Picard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Mohammed Gagaoua
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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Muscle Hyperplasia in Japanese Quail by Single Amino Acid Deletion in MSTN Propeptide. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041504. [PMID: 32098368 PMCID: PMC7073117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in myostatin (MSTN), a negative regulator of muscle growth in skeletal muscle, resulted in increased muscle mass in mammals and fishes. However, MSTN mutation in avian species has not been reported. The objective of this study was to generate MSTN mutation in quail and investigate the effect of MSTN mutation in avian muscle growth. Recently, a new targeted gene knockout approach for the avian species has been developed using an adenoviral CRISPR/Cas9 system. By injecting the recombinant adenovirus containing CRISPR/Cas9 into the quail blastoderm, potential germline chimeras were generated and offspring with three base-pair deletion in the targeted region of the MSTN gene was identified. This non-frameshift mutation in MSTN resulted in deletion of cysteine 42 in the MSTN propeptide region and homozygous mutant quail showed significantly increased body weight and muscle mass with muscle hyperplasia compared to heterozygous mutant and wild-type quail. In addition, decreased fat pad weight and increased heart weight were observed in MSTN mutant quail in an age- and sex-dependent manner, respectively. Taken together, these data indicate anti-myogenic function of MSTN in the avian species and the importance of cysteine 42 in regulating MSTN function.
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38
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Gao L, Yang M, Wei Z, Gu M, Yang L, Bai C, Wu Y, Li G. MSTN Mutant Promotes Myogenic Differentiation by Increasing Demethylase TET1 Expression via the SMAD2/SMAD3 Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1324-1334. [PMID: 32210722 PMCID: PMC7085230 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.40551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is mostly expressed in skeletal muscle and plays crucial roles in the negative regulation of muscle mass development. The methylation and demethylation of myogenesis-specific genes are major regulatory factors in muscle satellite cell differentiation. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism of myogenic differentiation regulated by MSTN mutation (MT) and the methylation/demethylation state of downstream genes. The results showed that, in the MSTN-/+ satellite cells, a higher myotube fusion index and a larger myotube length were observed compared to the wild type controls; the genes associated with myogenesis were all up-regulated compared to the WT controls. The methylation of the promoters and gene bodies of PAX3, PAX7, MyoD, and MyoG were all down-regulated, while the expression of the key demethylase TET1 was significantly promoted. ChIP-qPCR was used to demonstrate that the SMAD2/SMAD3 complex combined with the promoter of TET1 to inhibit the activity of TET1 promoter, indicating that MSTN may regulate TET1 via SMAD2/SMAD3. The overexpression of TET1 in wild type cells promoted myogenic differentiation, increased the myotube index, and reduced the methylation of the associated genes. On the contrary, the knockdown of TET1 in the MSTN mutant cells resulted in the opposite phenomena as in the overexpressed cells. In conclusion, the myostatin mutant showed an increased transcriptional activity of TET1, inducing higher levels of demethylation and improving the transcriptional activity levels of myogenic differentiation-associated genes. The binding of SMAD2/SMAD3 directly to the TET1 promoter region indicated that the MSTN mutant demethylated the myogenesis-specific genes by up-regulating TET1, which is directly controlled by SMAD2/SMAD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Zhuying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Mingjuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Chunling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Yunxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
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39
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Luo ZB, Luo QR, Xuan MF, Han SZ, Wang JX, Guo Q, Choe YG, Jin SS, Kang JD, Yin XJ. Comparison of internal organs between myostatin mutant and wild-type piglets. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6788-6795. [PMID: 31368537 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myostatin (MSTN) negatively regulates skeletal muscle development; however, its functions in internal organs have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we compared the morphological, molecular, and biological characteristics of the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and tongue of homozygous MSTN mutant (MSTN-/- ), heterozygous MSTN mutant (MSTN+/- ), and wild-type (WT) piglets. RESULTS The heart and liver were lighter in MSTN-/- piglets than in MSTN+/- piglets, while the tongue was heavier in MSTN-/- piglets than in WT piglets (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the tongue was longer in MSTN-/- piglets than in WT piglets, and myofibers of the tongue were significantly larger in the former piglets than in the latter ones (P < 0.01). mRNA expression of MSTN in all organs was significantly lower in MSTN-/- and MSTN+/- piglets than in WT piglets (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, mRNA expression of follistatin, which is closely related to MSTN, in the heart and liver was significantly higher in MSTN-/- piglets than in MSTN+/- and WT piglets (P < 0.05). In addition, protein expression of MSTN in the heart, kidneys, and tongue was significantly lower in MSTN-/- piglets than in WT piglets (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These results suggest that MSTN is widely expressed and has marked effects in multiple internal organs. Myostatin has crucial functions in regulating internal organ size, especially the tongue. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Bo Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Qi-Rong Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Mei-Fu Xuan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yong-Gyu Choe
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Song-Shan Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
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Savoia S, Albera A, Brugiapaglia A, Di Stasio L, Cecchinato A, Bittante G. Heritability and genetic correlations of carcass and meat quality traits in Piemontese young bulls. Meat Sci 2019; 156:111-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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41
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Purfield DC, Evans RD, Berry DP. Reaffirmation of known major genes and the identification of novel candidate genes associated with carcass-related metrics based on whole genome sequence within a large multi-breed cattle population. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:720. [PMID: 31533623 PMCID: PMC6751660 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high narrow sense heritability of carcass traits suggests that the underlying additive genetic potential of an individual should be strongly correlated with both animal carcass quality and quantity, and therefore, by extension, carcass value. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to detect genomic regions associated with three carcass traits, namely carcass weight, conformation and fat cover, using imputed whole genome sequence in 28,470 dairy and beef sires from six breeds with a total of 2,199,926 phenotyped progeny. Results Major genes previously associated with carcass performance were identified, as well as several putative novel candidate genes that likely operate both within and across breeds. The role of MSTN in carcass performance was re-affirmed with the segregating Q204X mutation explaining 1.21, 1.11 and 5.95% of the genetic variance in carcass weight, fat and conformation, respectively in the Charolais population. In addition, a genomic region on BTA6 encompassing the NCAPG/LCORL locus, which is a known candidate locus associated with body size, was associated with carcass weight in Angus, Charolais and Limousin. Novel candidate genes identified included ZFAT in Angus, and SLC40A1 and the olfactory gene cluster on BTA15 in Charolais. Although the majority of associations were breed specific, associations that operated across breeds included SORCS1 on BTA26, MCTP2 on BTA21 and ARL15 on BTA20; these are of particular interest due to their potential informativeness in across-breed genomic evaluations. Genomic regions affecting all three carcass traits were identified in each of the breeds, although these were mainly concentrated on BTA2 and BTA6, surrounding MSTN and NCAPG/LCORL, respectively. This suggests that although major genes may be associated with all three carcass traits, the majority of genes containing significant variants (unadjusted p-value < 10− 4) may be trait specific associations of small effect. Conclusions Although plausible novel candidate genes were identified, the proportion of variance explained by these candidates was minimal thus reaffirming that while carcass performance may be affected by major genes in the form of MSTN and NCAPG/LCORL, the majority of variance is attributed to the additive (and possibly multiplicative) effect of many polymorphisms of small effect. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6071-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Purfield
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Center, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - R D Evans
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - D P Berry
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Center, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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42
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Genome-wide association and pathway analysis of carcass and meat quality traits in Piemontese young bulls. Animal 2019; 14:243-252. [PMID: 31414654 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A key concern in beef production is how to improve carcass and meat quality traits. Identifying the genomic regions and biological pathways that contribute to explaining variability in these traits is of great importance for selection purposes. In this study, genome wide-association (GWAS) and pathway-based analyses of carcass traits (age at slaughter (AS), carcass weight (CW), carcass daily gain (CDG), conformation score and rib-eye muscle area) and meat quality traits (pH, Warner-Bratzler shear force, purge loss, cooking loss and colour parameters (lightness, redness, yellowness, chroma, hue)) were conducted using genotype data from the 'GeneSeek Genomic Profiler Bovine LD' array in a cohort of 1166 double-muscled Piemontese beef cattle. The genome wide-association analysis was based on the GRAMMAR-GC approach and identified 37 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which were associated with 12 traits (P<5 × 10-5). In particular, 14 SNPs associated with CW, CDG and AS were located at 38.57 to 38.94 Mb on Bos taurus autosome 6 and mapped within four genes, that is, Leucine Aminopeptidase 3, Family with Sequence Similarity 184 Member B, Non-SMC Condensin I Complex Subunit G and Ligand-Dependent Nuclear Receptor Corepressor-Like. Strong pairwise linkage disequilibrium was found in this region. For meat quality traits, most associations were 1 SNP per trait, except for a signal on BTA25 (at ~11.96 Mb), which was significant for four of the five meat colour parameters assessed. Gene-set enrichment analyses yielded significant results for six traits (right-sided hypergeometric test, false discovery rate <0.05). In particular, several pathways related to transmembrane transport (i.e., oxygen, calcium, ion and cation) were overrepresented for meat colour parameters. The results obtained provide useful information for genomic selection for beef production and quality in the Piemontese breed.
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Santos Silva DBD, Fonseca LFS, Magalhães AFB, Muniz MMM, Baldi F, Ferro JA, Chardulo LAL, Pinheiro DG, Albuquerque LGD. Transcriptome profiling of muscle in Nelore cattle phenotypically divergent for the ribeye muscle area. Genomics 2019; 112:1257-1263. [PMID: 31351181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to use RNA-Seq to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in muscle of uncastrated Nelore males phenotypically divergent for ribeye muscle area (REA). A total of 80 animals were phenotyped for REA, and 15 animals each with the highest REA and the lowest REA were selected for analyses. DEGs found (N = 288) belonging to families related to muscle cell growth, development, motility and proteolysis, such as actin, myosin, collagen, integrin, solute carrier, ubiquitin and kelch-like. Functional analysis showed that many of the significantly enriched gene ontology terms were closely associated with muscle development, growth, and degradation. Through co-expression network analysis, we predicted three hub genes (PPP3R1, FAM129B and UBE2G1), these genes are involved in muscle growth, proteolysis and immune system. The genes expression levels and its biological process found this study may result in differences in muscle deposition, and therefore, Nelore animals with different REA proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielly Beraldo Dos Santos Silva
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Fernanda Simielli Fonseca
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Baldi
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Jesus Aparecido Ferro
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Guariz Pinheiro
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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Savoia S, Brugiapaglia A, Pauciullo A, Di Stasio L, Schiavon S, Bittante G, Albera A. Characterisation of beef production systems and their effects on carcass and meat quality traits of Piemontese young bulls. Meat Sci 2019; 153:75-85. [PMID: 30913411 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using the Piemontese breed as a case study, we characterised beef production systems within the EU classification, and investigated their effects on carcass and meat quality traits. The research involved 1,327 young bulls fattened on 115 farms. The production systems identified by hierarchical cluster analysis were: traditional (restricted feeding and either tie-stalls or loose-housing), modern breeders and fatteners and specialised fatteners (the last two were divided in those using or not using total mixed rations). Despite the large variability in management techniques within production systems, production systems affected (P < 0.05) farm size, animal density, environmental scoring, diet, slaughter age and all carcass traits except weight. Lightness (L*) of Longissimus thoracis was the only meat quality trait affected (P < 0.05), with values greater in the traditional tie-stall system (+0.9 L*). Given the very limited effect of production systems on meat quality traits, factors related to individual animals within farms, such as genetics, should be considered for their improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Savoia
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Bovini di Razza Piemontese (Anaborapi), Strada Trinità 32/A, 12061 Carrù, CN, Italy; Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Alberto Brugiapaglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, Università degli studi di Torino, Via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pauciullo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, Università degli studi di Torino, Via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Liliana Di Stasio
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, Università degli studi di Torino, Via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Andrea Albera
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Bovini di Razza Piemontese (Anaborapi), Strada Trinità 32/A, 12061 Carrù, CN, Italy
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Abstract
A simple index that reflects the potential eating quality of beef carcasses is very important for producer feedback. The Meat Standards Australia (MSA) Index reflects variation in carcass quality due to factors that are influenced by producers (hot carcass weight, rib fat depth, hump height, marbling and ossification scores along with milk fed veal category, direct or saleyard consignment, hormonal growth promotant status and sex). In addition, processor impacts on meat quality are standardised so that the MSA Index could be compared across time, breed and geographical regions. Hence, the MSA Index was calculated using achilles hung carcasses, aged for 5 days postmortem. Muscle pH can be impacted by production, transport, lairage or processing factors, hence the MSA Index assumes a constant pH of 5.6 and loin temperature of 7oC for all carcasses. To quantify the cut weight distribution of the 39 MSA cuts in the carcass, 40 Angus steers were sourced from the low (n=13), high (n=15) and myostatin (n=12) muscling selection lines. The left side of each carcass was processed down to the 39 trimmed MSA cuts. There was no difference in MSA cut distribution between the low and high muscling lines (P>0.05), although there were differences with nine cuts from the myostatin line (P<0.05). There was no difference in the MSA Index calculated using actual muscle percentages and using the average from the low and high muscling lines (R2=0.99). Different cooking methods impacted via a constant offset between eating quality and carcass input traits (R2=1). The MSA Index calculated for the four most commercially important cuts was highly related to the index calculated using all 39 MSA cuts (R2=0.98), whilst the accuracy was lower for an index calculated using the striploin (R2=0.82). Therefore, the MSA Index was calculated as the sum of the 39 eating quality scores predicted at 5 days ageing, based on their most common cooking method, weighted by the proportions of the individual cut relative to total weight of all cuts. The MSA Index provides producers with a tool to assess the impact of management and genetic changes on the predicted eating quality of the carcass. The MSA Index could also be utilised for benchmarking and to track eating quality trends at farm, supply chain, regional, state or national levels.
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Renna M, Brugiapaglia A, Zanardi E, Destefanis G, Prandini A, Moschini M, Sigolo S, Lussiana C. Fatty acid profile, meat quality and flavour acceptability of beef from double-muscled Piemontese young bulls fed ground flaxseed. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1530958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Renna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Alberto Brugiapaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Destefanis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Aldo Prandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Samantha Sigolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Carola Lussiana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Probo M, Giordano A, Moretti P, Opsomer G, Fiems L, Paltrinieri S, Veronesi MC. Serum biochemical profile in Holstein Friesian and Belgian blue calves in the first 48 hours of life. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1551073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Probo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Ospedale Veterinario Universitario, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Ospedale Veterinario Universitario, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Moretti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Ospedale Veterinario Universitario, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Geert Opsomer
- Vakgroep Voortplanting, Verloskunde en Bedrijfsdiergeneeskunde, Faculteit Diergeneeskunde, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Leo Fiems
- ILVO-Animal Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Ospedale Veterinario Universitario, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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48
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Pereira V, Carbajales P, López-Alonso M, Miranda M. Trace Element Concentrations in Beef Cattle Related to the Breed Aptitude. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:135-142. [PMID: 29478230 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal feed has traditionally been supplemented with trace elements at dietary concentrations well above physiological needs. However, environmental concerns have led to calls for better adjustment of mineral supplementation to actual physiological needs and, in this context, consideration of breed-related differences in trace element requirements. The aim of this study was to analyze trace element concentrations in the main breeds used for intensive beef production in northern Spain (Holstein-Friesian [HF], Galician Blonde [GB], and GB × HF cross). Samples of blood, internal organs, and muscle were obtained at slaughter from 10 HF, GB, and GB × HF cross calves in the same feedlot. Overall, trace element concentrations in serum and internal organs were within adequate ranges and did not differ between those of breeds, suggesting that trace mineral supplementation was adequate in all groups. The only exception to this was copper, and hepatic copper concentrations were above adequate levels in all calves. This was particularly evident in the HF calves, and the maximum recommended level for human consumption was exceeded in 90% of these animals. Copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc concentrations in muscle were significantly higher in the HF than those in the GB calves, with intermediate values for the crosses. These breed-related differences in trace element concentrations in the muscle may be related to lower muscle mass and/or higher hepatic activity in the HF (dairy) calves than in GB (beef) calves. As meat is an essential source of highly available trace elements in human diets, breed-related differences in trace element concentrations in meat deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pereira
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Paloma Carbajales
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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49
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Yang H, Wu Z. Genome Editing of Pigs for Agriculture and Biomedicine. Front Genet 2018; 9:360. [PMID: 30233645 PMCID: PMC6131568 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs serve as an important agricultural resource and animal model in biomedical studies. Efficient and precise modification of pig genome by using recently developed gene editing tools has significantly broadened the application of pig models in various research areas. The three types of site-specific nucleases, namely, zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein, are the main gene editing tools that can efficiently introduce predetermined modifications, including knockouts and knockins, into the pig genome. These modifications can confer desired phenotypes to pigs to improve production traits, such as optimal meat production, enhanced feed digestibility, and disease resistance. Besides, given their genetic, anatomic, and physiologic similarities to humans, pigs can also be modified to model human diseases or to serve as an organ source for xenotransplantation to save human lives. To date, many genetically modified pig models with agricultural or biomedical values have been established by using gene editing tools. These pig models are expected to accelerate research progress in related fields and benefit humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Aiello D, Patel K, Lasagna E. Themyostatingene: an overview of mechanisms of action and its relevance to livestock animals. Anim Genet 2018; 49:505-519. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Aiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Borgo XX Giugno 74 06121 Perugia Italy
| | - K. Patel
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Reading; Berkshire RG6 6UB UK
| | - E. Lasagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Borgo XX Giugno 74 06121 Perugia Italy
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