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Thompson Z, Fonseca IAT, Acosta W, Idarraga L, Garland T. Effects of food restriction on voluntary wheel-running behavior and body mass in selectively bred High Runner lines of mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 282:114582. [PMID: 38750805 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Food restriction can have profound effects on various aspects of behavior, physiology, and morphology. Such effects might be amplified in animals that are highly active, given that physical activity can represent a substantial fraction of the total daily energy budget. More specifically, some effects of food restriction could be associated with intrinsic, genetically based differences in the propensity or ability to perform physical activity. To address this possibility, we studied the effects of food restriction in four replicate lines of High Runner (HR) mice that have been selectively bred for high levels of voluntary wheel running. We hypothesized that HR mice would respond differently than mice from four non-selected Control (C) lines. Healthy adult females from generation 65 were housed individually with wheels and provided access to food and water ad libitum for experimental days 1-19 (Phase 1), which allowed mice to attain a plateau in daily running distances. Ad libitum food intake of each mouse was measured on days 20-22 (Phase 2). After this, each mouse experienced a 20 % food restriction for 7 days (days 24-30; Phase 3), and then a 40 % food restriction for 7 additional days (days 31-37; Phase 4). Mice were weighed on experimental days 1, 8, 9, 15, 20, and 23-37 and wheel-running activity was recorded continuously, in 1-minute bins, during the entire experiment. Repeated-measures ANOVA of daily wheel-running distance during Phases 2-4 indicated that HR mice always ran much more than C, with values being 3.29-fold higher during the ad libitum feeding trial, 3.58-fold higher with -20 % food, and 3.06-fold higher with -40 % food. Seven days of food restriction at -20 % did not significantly reduce wheel-running distance of either HR (-5.8 %, P = 0.0773) or C mice (-13.3 %, P = 0.2122). With 40 % restriction, HR mice showed a further decrease in daily wheel-running distance (P = 0.0797 vs. values at 20 % restriction), whereas C mice did not (P = 0.4068 vs. values at 20 % restriction) and recovered to levels similar to those on ad libitum food (P = 0.3634). For HR mice, daily running distances averaged 11.4 % lower at -40 % food versus baseline values (P = 0.0086), whereas for C mice no statistical difference existed (-4.8 %, P = 0.7004). Repeated-measures ANOVA of body mass during Phases 2-4 indicated a highly significant effect of food restriction (P = 0.0001), but no significant effect of linetype (P = 0.1764) and no interaction (P = 0.8524). Both HR and C mice had a significant reduction in body mass only when food rations were reduced by 40 % relative to ad libitum feeding, and even then the reductions averaged only -0.60 g for HR mice (-2.6 %) and -0.49 g (-2.0 %) for C mice. Overall, our results indicate a surprising insensitivity of body mass to food restriction in both high-activity (HR) and ordinary (C) mice, and also insensitivity of wheel running in the C lines of mice, thus calling for studies of compensatory mechanisms that allow this insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Thompson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Present Address: Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA
| | - Ivana A T Fonseca
- Department of Physical Education, University of State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Wendy Acosta
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Laidy Idarraga
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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König A, Kat CJ, Ganswindt A, Keough N, Oberholzer HM, van Rensburg IJ, Mavunganidze R, Myburgh J. Feasibility of a Sprague???Dawley Rat Model for Investigating the Effects of Seated Whole-body Vibration. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2024; 63:316-324. [PMID: 38508696 PMCID: PMC11193422 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Vehicular whole-body vibration (WBV) can have long-term adverse effects on human quality of life. Animal models can be used to study pathophysiologic effects of vibration. The goal of this study was to assess animal cooperation and well-being to determine the feasibility of a novel seated rat model for investigating the effects of WBV on biologic systems. Twenty-four male Sprague???Dawley rats were used. The experiment consisted of an acclimation phase, 2 training phases (TrP1 and TrP2), and a testing phase (TeP), including weekly radiographic imaging. During acclimation, rats were housed in pairs in standard cages without vibration. First, experimental (EG; n = 18) and control group 1 (C1; n = 3) rats were placed in a vibration apparatus without vibration, with increasing duration over 5 d during TrP1. EG rats were exposed to vertical random WBV that was increased in magnitude over 5 d during TrP2 until reaching the vibration signal used during TeP (15min, 0.7m??s-2 root mean square, unweighted). C1 rats were placed in the vibration apparatus but received no vibration during any phase. Control group 2 (C2; n = 3) rats remained in the home cages. Cooperation was evaluated with regard to rat-apparatus interactions and position compliance. Behavior, weight, and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations (fGCM) were used to evaluate animal well-being. We observed good cooperation and no behavioral patterns or weight loss between phases, indicating little or no animal stress. The differences in fGCM concentration between groups indicated that the EG rats had lower stress levels than the control rats in all phases except TrP1. Thus, this model elicited little or no stress in the conscious, unrestrained, seated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya König
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Cor-Jacques Kat
- Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andre Ganswindt
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Natalie Keough
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Clinical Anatomy and Imaging, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE; and
| | | | - Ilse Janse van Rensburg
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Animal Research Unit (OVARU), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Richard Mavunganidze
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Animal Research Unit (OVARU), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jolandie Myburgh
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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David J, Mousset M, Trombetti K, Sayasouk B, Neilsen C, Suorsa P, Ruben M, Ruben E, Thiessen J, Pychewicz T, Chu P, Huynh TN. Chronic mild stress leads to anxiety-like behavior and decreased p70 S6K1 activity in the hippocampus of male mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114377. [PMID: 37863347 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Major affective disorders are highly prevalent, however, current treatments are limited in their effectiveness due to a lack of understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that reduced activity of p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), a downstream target of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), is linked to anxiety-like behavior in both humans and rodents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between S6K1 and anxiety-like behavior following chronic mild stress (CMS) and drug-induced inhibition of S6K1. Following CMS, anxiety-like behavior was evaluated using an open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) in adult male C57/Bl6 mice. After behavior analysis, samples of the hippocampus were harvested for quantification of S6K1, S6 ribosomal protein, glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β), and beta tubulin via western blot. Our results demonstrate that CMS mice exhibit anxiety-like behavior in the OF and EPM and reduced activity of S6K1 in the hippocampus (HPC). We measured phosphorylation levels of GSK3β and found that GSK3β phosphorylation was also reduced following CMS compared to control mice. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of S6K1 with PF-4708671 in male mice was sufficient to produce anxiety-like behavior in the OF and EPM. These results further support the significant role of S6K1 in the pathogenesis of anxiety and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmine David
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308 United States of America
| | - Marike Mousset
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308 United States of America
| | - Kirby Trombetti
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308 United States of America
| | - Beverly Sayasouk
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308 United States of America
| | - Calvin Neilsen
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308 United States of America
| | - Parker Suorsa
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308 United States of America
| | - Melissa Ruben
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308 United States of America
| | - Elias Ruben
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308 United States of America
| | - Jacob Thiessen
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308 United States of America
| | - Taylor Pychewicz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, United States of America
| | - Ping Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, United States of America
| | - Thu N Huynh
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308 United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, United States of America.
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Meng X, Chen P, Veltien A, Palavra T, In't Veld S, Grandjean J, Homberg JR. Estimating foraging behavior in rodents using a modified paradigm measuring threat imminence dynamics. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 28:100585. [PMID: 38024390 PMCID: PMC10661863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals need to respond to threats to avoid danger and approach rewards. In nature, these responses did not evolve alone but are always accompanied by motivational conflict. A semi-naturalistic threat imminence continuum model models the approach-avoidance conflict and is able to integrate multiple behaviors into a single paradigm. However, its comprehensive application is hampered by the lack of a detailed protocol and data about some fundamental factors including sex, age, and motivational level. Here, we modified a previously established paradigm measuring threat imminence continuum dynamics, involving modifications of training and testing protocols, and utilization of commercial materials combined with open science codes, making it easier to replicate. We demonstrate that foraging behavior is modulated by age, hunger level, and sex. This paradigm can be used to study foraging behaviors in animals in a more naturalistic manner with relevance to human approach-avoid conflicts and associated psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzong Meng
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andor Veltien
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tony Palavra
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjors In't Veld
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joanes Grandjean
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Al-Kazimi N, Jarrar Y, Abdul-Wahab G, Alsayed AR, Madani A, Abulebdah D, Musleh RS, Jarrar Q, Al-Ameer HJ, Al-Awaida W, Abdullah E. Effects of intermittent fasting on the histology and mRNA expression of major drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the liver of diabetic mice. Libyan J Med 2023; 18:2270188. [PMID: 37883503 PMCID: PMC11018316 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2023.2270188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction:There is a variation in drug response among patients who practice intermittent fasting. Alteration in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) can affect the pharmacokinetics and drug response.Aims: This research aimed to determine the effect of intermittent fasting on the mRNA expression of major drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the liver of diabetic mice.Methods: Thirty-two male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups; control, nonfasting diabetic, non-diabetic fasting, and diabetic fasting mice. Insulin-dependent diabetes was induced in mice by a single high-dose (250 mg/kg) streptozocin. Mice of non-diabetic and diabetic fasting groups were subjected to 10-day intermittent fasting for 17 hours daily. Then, the mRNA expression of mouse phase I DMEs cyp1a1, cyp2c29, cyp2d9, and cyp3a11 was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the liver of mice in all groups was examined for pathohistological alterations.Results: Diabetes downregulated the mRNA expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing cyp450s in diabetic mice, while intermittent fasting significantly (P < 0.05) increased it. Also, cyp2d9 and cyp3a11 were upregulated in the liver of diabetic fasting mice. These alterations in the gene expression were correlated with the pathohistological alterations, where livers of diabetic mice showed dilatation in the blood sinusoids and inflammatory cells leukocyte infiltrations. Whereas livers of diabetic fasting mice showed almost comparable histological findings to control mice.Conclusions: Intermittent fasting can protect the liver against diabetes-induced hepatotoxicity and the down-regulation of DME genes in the diabetic liver. These results can explain, at least partly, the inter-individual variation in the drug response during practicing fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Al-Kazimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Ghasaq Abdul-Wahab
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmad R. Alsayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Madani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dina Abulebdah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rami Salem Musleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh J Al-Ameer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wajdy Al-Awaida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Eman Abdullah
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
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Primo MJ, Fonseca-Rodrigues D, Almeida A, Teixeira PM, Pinto-Ribeiro F. Sucrose preference test: A systematic review of protocols for the assessment of anhedonia in rodents. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 77:80-92. [PMID: 37741164 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.08.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia is described as a decreased ability to experience rewarding and enjoyable activities, a core symptom of major depressive disorder. The sucrose preference test (SPT) is a widely used and reliable behavioural test to assess anhedonia in rodents, based on a two-bottle choice paradigm. To date, different protocols are in use, inducing variability between researchers and hampering comparisons between studies. We performed a systematic review of the SPT protocols used in 2021 to identify the parameters in which they differ and their potential impact. We searched a total of four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct), from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021, and screened a total of 1066 articles. After screening by title and abstract, a total of 415 articles were included in this review. We extracted and analysed the different procedures used, the type of sweet solution and the habituation, deprivation, and testing protocols. The overall quality of the studies was considered very good, however, SPT protocols were extremely variable between studies with a total of 65 different habituation protocols and 104 combinations of food/water deprivation and preference testing duration. As the SPT is one of the most used tests to assess anhedonia in rodents, this work raises awareness of the great variability in SPT protocols being currently used. Furthermore, we call for standardization in the protocol used, and overall improvement of data reporting of methodologies and results, to increase the consistency between studies and allow a better comparison of results between different labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Primo
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Fonseca-Rodrigues
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Teixeira
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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7
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Lai CW, Chang CH. Pharmacological activation of the amygdala, but not single prolonged footshock-induced acute stress, interferes with cue-induced motivation toward food rewards in rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1252868. [PMID: 37781505 PMCID: PMC10538645 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1252868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of threats, animals adapt their behaviors to cope with the situation. Under such circumstances, irrelevant behaviors are usually suppressed. In this study, we examined whether food-seeking motivation would decrease under activation of the amygdala, an important nucleus in the regulation of stress response in the central nervous system, or after a physical acute stress session. In Experiment 1, we pharmacologically activated the basolateral nucleus (BLA) or the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) before a cue-induced reinstatement test in rats. Our results showed that activation of the BLA or the CeA abolished cue-induced motivation toward food rewards, while locomotor activity and free food intake were not affected. In Experiments 2 and 3, we further assessed anxiety and despair levels, as well as cue-induced reinstatement, after a single prolonged footshock-induced acute stress in rats. Behaviorally, acute stress did not affect anxiety level, despair level, or cue-induced motivation toward food rewards. Physiologically, there was no difference in cellular activities of the amygdala immediately after acute stress. To conclude, our results suggested that pharmacological activation of the amygdala decreased cue-induced motivation toward food reward. However, physiological acute stress did not immediately interfere with the negative emotions, motivation, or amygdala activities of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-hui Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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8
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Chevée M, Kim CJ, Crow N, Follman EG, Leonard MZ, Calipari ES. Food Restriction Level and Reinforcement Schedule Differentially Influence Behavior during Acquisition and Devaluation Procedures in Mice. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0063-23.2023. [PMID: 37696663 PMCID: PMC10537440 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0063-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral strategies are often classified based on whether reinforcer value controls reinforcement. Value-sensitive behaviors, in which animals update their actions when reinforcer value is changed, are classified as goal-directed; conversely, value-insensitive actions, where behavior remains consistent when the reinforcer is removed or devalued, are considered habitual. Basic reinforcement schedules can help to bias behavior toward either process: random ratio (RR) schedules are thought to promote the formation of goal-directed behaviors while random intervals (RIs) promote habitual control. However, how the schedule-specific features of these tasks interact with other factors that influence learning to control behavior has not been well characterized. Using male and female mice, we asked how distinct food restriction levels, a strategy often used to increase task engagement, interact with RR and RI schedules to control performance during task acquisition and devaluation procedures. We determined that food restriction level has a stronger effect on the behavior of mice following RR schedules compared with RI schedules, and that it promotes a decrease in response rate during devaluation procedures that is best explained by the effects of extinction rather than devaluation. Surprisingly, food restriction accelerated the decrease in response rates observed following devaluation across sequential extinction sessions, but not within a single session. Our results support the idea that the relationships between schedules and behavioral control strategies are not clear-cut and suggest that an animal's engagement in a task must be accounted for, together with the structure of reinforcement schedules, to appropriately interpret the cognitive underpinnings of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Chevée
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Courtney J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Nevin Crow
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Emma G Follman
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Michael Z Leonard
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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9
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Bosque M, Margalef R, Llaveria A, Santafe MM. Stress increases the spontaneous release of ACh and may be involved in the generation and maintenance of myofascial trigger points in mouse. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114572. [PMID: 37421986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
An increase in spontaneous neurotransmission may be related to myofascial pain. Sympathetic neurons innervate most of the neuromuscular junction sand are involved in the modulation of synaptic transmission. Therefore, a direct action of stress on acetylcholine release is expected. For this reason, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between stress and spontaneous neurotransmission. Five acute stressors (immobilization, forced swimming, food and water deprivation, social isolation and ultrasound) were tested in 6 weeks adult Swiss male mice. Subsequently, these types of stress were combined to generate a model of chronic stress. The study of ACh release was evaluated before and after the application of stress by intracellular recording of spontaneous neurotransmission (mEPPs). In each one of the stressors, an increase in the frequency of mEPPs was obtained immediately after treatment, which remained elevated for 5 days and thereafter returned to control values after a week. With chronic stress, a much higher increase in the frequency of mEPPs was obtained and it was maintained for 15 days. In summary, stress, both in its acute and chronic forms, increased spontaneous neurotransmission significantly. There is a possibility that chronic stress is related with the genesis or maintenance of myofascial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bosque
- Unit of Histology and Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Carrer St. Llorenc, No. 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Ramón Margalef
- Unit of Histology and Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Carrer St. Llorenc, No. 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Albert Llaveria
- Unit of Histology and Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Carrer St. Llorenc, No. 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Manel M Santafe
- Unit of Histology and Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Carrer St. Llorenc, No. 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
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Ryakiotakis E, Fousfouka D, Stamatakis A. Maternal neglect alters reward-anticipatory behavior, social status stability, and reward circuit activation in adult male rats. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1201345. [PMID: 37521688 PMCID: PMC10375725 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1201345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adverse early life experiences affect neuronal growth and maturation of reward circuits that modify behavior under reward predicting conditions. Previous studies demonstrate that rats undergoing denial of expected reward in the form of maternal contact (DER-animal model of maternal neglect) during early post-natal life developed anhedonia, aggressive play-fight behaviors and aberrant prefrontal cortex structure and neurochemistry. Although many studies revealed social deficiency following early-life stress most reports focus on individual animal tasks. Thus, attention needs to be given on the social effects during group tasks in animals afflicted by early life adversity. Methods To investigate the potential impact of the DER experience on the manifestation of behavioral responses induced by natural rewards, we evaluated: 1) naïve adult male sexual preference and performance, and 2) anticipatory behavior during a group 2-phase food anticipation learning task composed of a context-dependent and a cue-dependent learning period. Results DER rats efficiently spent time in the vicinity of and initiated sexual intercourse with receptive females suggesting an intact sexual reward motivation and consummation. Interestingly, during the context-dependent phase of food anticipation training DER rats displayed a modified exploratory activity and lower overall reward-context association. Moreover, during the cue-dependent phase DER rats displayed a mild deficit in context-reward association while increased cue-dependent locomotion. Additionally, DER rats displayed unstable food access priority following food presentation. These abnormal behaviours were accompanied by overactivation of the ventral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, as assessed by pCREB levels. Conclusions/discussion Collectively, these data show that the neonatal DER experience resulted in adulthood in altered activation of the reward circuitry, interfered with the normal formation of context-reward associations, and disrupted normal reward access hierarchy formation. These findings provide additional evidence to the deleterious effects of early life adversity on reward system, social hierarchy formation, and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermis Ryakiotakis
- Laboratory of Biology-Biochemistry, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Fousfouka
- Laboratory of Biology-Biochemistry, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- MSc Program in Molecular Biomedicine, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Stamatakis
- Laboratory of Biology-Biochemistry, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Smith TJ, Wu Y, Cheon C, Khan AA, Srinivasan H, Capadona JR, Cogan SF, Pancrazio JJ, Engineer CT, Hernandez-Reynoso AG. Behavioral paradigm for the evaluation of stimulation-evoked somatosensory perception thresholds in rats. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1202258. [PMID: 37383105 PMCID: PMC10293669 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1202258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the somatosensory cortex via penetrating microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can evoke cutaneous and proprioceptive sensations for restoration of perception in individuals with spinal cord injuries. However, ICMS current amplitudes needed to evoke these sensory percepts tend to change over time following implantation. Animal models have been used to investigate the mechanisms by which these changes occur and aid in the development of new engineering strategies to mitigate such changes. Non-human primates are commonly the animal of choice for investigating ICMS, but ethical concerns exist regarding their use. Rodents are a preferred animal model due to their availability, affordability, and ease of handling, but there are limited choices of behavioral tasks for investigating ICMS. In this study, we investigated the application of an innovative behavioral go/no-go paradigm capable of estimating ICMS-evoked sensory perception thresholds in freely moving rats. We divided animals into two groups, one receiving ICMS and a control group receiving auditory tones. Then, we trained the animals to nose-poke - a well-established behavioral task for rats - following either a suprathreshold ICMS current-controlled pulse train or frequency-controlled auditory tone. Animals received a sugar pellet reward when nose-poking correctly. When nose-poking incorrectly, animals received a mild air puff. After animals became proficient in this task, as defined by accuracy, precision, and other performance metrics, they continued to the next phase for perception threshold detection, where we varied the ICMS amplitude using a modified staircase method. Finally, we used non-linear regression to estimate perception thresholds. Results indicated that our behavioral protocol could estimate ICMS perception thresholds based on ~95% accuracy of rat nose-poke responses to the conditioned stimulus. This behavioral paradigm provides a robust methodology for evaluating stimulation-evoked somatosensory percepts in rats comparable to the evaluation of auditory percepts. In future studies, this validated methodology can be used to study the performance of novel MEA device technologies on ICMS-evoked perception threshold stability using freely moving rats or to investigate information processing principles in neural circuits related to sensory perception discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Smith
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Yupeng Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Claire Cheon
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Arlin A. Khan
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Hari Srinivasan
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stuart F. Cogan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Joseph J. Pancrazio
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Crystal T. Engineer
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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12
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Smith TJ, Wu Y, Cheon C, Khan AA, Srinivasan H, Capadona JR, Cogan SF, Pancrazio JJ, Engineer CT, Hernandez-Reynoso AG. Behavioral Paradigm for the Evaluation of Stimulation-Evoked Somatosensory Perception Thresholds in Rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.04.537848. [PMID: 37205577 PMCID: PMC10187227 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.537848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the somatosensory cortex via penetrating microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can evoke cutaneous and proprioceptive sensations for restoration of perception in individuals with spinal cord injuries. However, ICMS current amplitudes needed to evoke these sensory percepts tend to change over time following implantation. Animal models have been used to investigate the mechanisms by which these changes occur and aid in the development of new engineering strategies to mitigate such changes. Non-human primates are commonly the animal of choice for investigating ICMS, but ethical concerns exist regarding their use. Rodents are a preferred animal model due to their availability, affordability, and ease of handling, but there are limited choices of behavioral tasks for investigating ICMS. In this study, we investigated the application of an innovative behavioral go/no-go paradigm capable of estimating ICMS-evoked sensory perception thresholds in freely moving rats. We divided animals into two groups, one receiving ICMS and a control group receiving auditory tones. Then, we trained the animals to nose-poke - a well-established behavioral task for rats - following either a suprathreshold ICMS current-controlled pulse train or frequency-controlled auditory tone. Animals received a sugar pellet reward when nose-poking correctly. When nose-poking incorrectly, animals received a mild air puff. After animals became proficient in this task, as defined by accuracy, precision, and other performance metrics, they continued to the next phase for perception threshold detection, where we varied the ICMS amplitude using a modified staircase method. Finally, we used non-linear regression to estimate perception thresholds. Results indicated that our behavioral protocol could estimate ICMS perception thresholds based on ∼95% accuracy of rat nose-poke responses to the conditioned stimulus. This behavioral paradigm provides a robust methodology for evaluating stimulation-evoked somatosensory percepts in rats comparable to the evaluation of auditory percepts. In future studies, this validated methodology can be used to study the performance of novel MEA device technologies on ICMS-evoked perception threshold stability using freely moving rats or to investigate information processing principles in neural circuits related to sensory perception discrimination.
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13
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Pangemanan L, Irwanto I, Maramis MM. Psychological dominant stressor modification to an animal model of depression with chronic unpredictable mild stress. Vet World 2023; 16:595-600. [PMID: 37041835 PMCID: PMC10082728 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.595-600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a protocol widely used to create an animal model of depression with food deprivation, water deprivation, and physical-dominant stressors as routine procedures. However, human depression mainly involves psychological stressors and does not always involve a lack of food and water; thus, CUMS procedures should be modified accordingly. Therefore, this study aimed to create an animal model of depression, mainly focusing on a psychologically dominant stressor without food and water deprivation. Materials and Methods The CUMS and control groups, respectively, received CUMS modification (psychologically dominant stressors without food and water deprivation) for 21 days. A 24-h sucrose preference test (SPT) was used to assess the successful creation of an animal model of depression. Daily food intake measurements, weekly weight monitoring, and weight gain calculations were performed. Either an independent sample t-test or the Mann-Whitney test was used. Results Of the 42 rats included, 39 completed the study. Chronic unpredictable mild stress procedures for 21 days significantly reduced the SPT (p < 0.05), mean body weight (p < 0.05), and weekly weight gain (p < 0.05) in the CUMS group compared to the control group. However, the weekly average food intake did not statistically differ between the two groups. Conclusion Psychological dominant CUMS modification to an animal model of depression resulted in lower SPT, body weight, and weekly weight gain in the CUMS group than in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pangemanan
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Irwanto Irwanto
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Corresponding author: Irwanto Irwanto, e-mail: Co-authors: LP: , MMM:
| | - Margarita M. Maramis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Chevée M, Kim CJ, Crow N, Follman EG, Calipari ES. Sensitivity to outcome devaluation in operant tasks is better predicted by food restriction level than reinforcement training schedule in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.23.529699. [PMID: 36865193 PMCID: PMC9980049 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.23.529699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral strategies are often classified based on whether reinforcement is controlled by the value of the reinforcer. Value-sensitive behaviors, in which animals update their actions when reinforcer value is changed, are classified as goal-directed; conversely, value-insensitive actions, where behavior remains consistent when the reinforcer is removed or devalued, are considered habitual. Understanding the features of operant training that bias behavioral control toward either strategy is essential to understanding the cognitive and neuronal processes on which they rely. Using basic reinforcement principles, behavior can be biased toward relying on either process: random ratio (RR) schedules are thought to promote the formation of goal-directed behaviors while random intervals (RI) promote habitual control. However, how the schedule-specific features of these task structures relate to external factors to influence behavior is not well understood. Using male and female mice on distinct food restriction levels, we trained each group on RR schedules with responses-per-reinforcer rates matched to their RI counterparts to control for differences in reinforcement rate. We determined that food restriction level has a stronger effect on the behavior of mice following RR schedules than mice following RI schedules and that food restriction better predicted sensitivity to outcome devaluation than training schedule. Our results support the idea the relationships between RR or RI schedules with goal-directed or habitual behaviors, respectively, are more nuanced than previously appreciated and suggest that an animal's engagement in a task must be accounted for, together with the structure of reinforcement schedules, to appropriately interpret the cognitive underpinnings of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Chevée
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Courtney J. Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nevin Crow
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emma G. Follman
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erin S. Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Gut microbiota alterations promote traumatic stress susceptibility associated with p-cresol-induced dopaminergic dysfunctions. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:385-396. [PMID: 36400332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests a link between gut microbiota abnormalities and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, whether and how the gut microbiota influences PTSD susceptibility is poorly understood. Here using the arousal-based individual screening model, we provide evidence for pre-trauma and post-trauma gut microbiota alterations in susceptible mice exhibiting persistent PTSD-related phenotypes. A more in-depth analysis revealed an increased abundance of bacteria affecting brain processes including myelination, and brain systems like the dopaminergic neurotransmission. Because dopaminergic dysfunctions play a key role in the pathophysiological mechanisms subserving PTSD, we assessed whether these alterations in gut microbiota composition could be associated with abnormal levels of metabolites inducing dopaminergic dysfunctions. We found high levels of the l-tyrosine-derived metabolite p-cresol exclusively in the prefrontal cortex of susceptible mice. We further uncovered abnormal levels of dopamine and DOPAC, together with a detrimental increase of dopamine D3 receptor expression, exclusively in the prefrontal cortex of susceptible mice. Conversely, we observed either resilience mechanisms aimed at counteracting these p-cresol-induced dopaminergic dysfunctions or myelination-related resilience mechanisms only in the prefrontal cortex of resilient mice. These findings reveal that gut microbiota abnormalities foster trauma susceptibility and thus it may represent a promising target for therapeutic interventions.
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16
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Taylor M, Cheng AB, Hodkinson DJ, Afacan O, Zurakowski D, Bajic D. Body size and brain volumetry in the rat following prolonged morphine administration in infancy and adulthood. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:962783. [PMID: 36923651 PMCID: PMC10008895 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.962783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged morphine treatment in infancy is associated with a high incidence of opioid tolerance and dependence, but our knowledge of the long-term consequences of this treatment is sparse. Using a rodent model, we examined the (1) short- and (2) long-term effects of prolonged morphine administration in infancy on body weight and brain volume, and (3) we evaluated if subsequent dosing in adulthood poses an increased brain vulnerability. Methods Newborn rats received subcutaneous injections of either morphine or equal volume of saline twice daily for the first two weeks of life. In adulthood, animals received an additional two weeks of saline or morphine injections before undergoing structural brain MRI. After completion of treatment, structural T2-weigthed MRI images were acquired on a 7 T preclinical scanner (Bruker) using a RARE FSE sequence. Total and regional brain volumes were manually extracted from the MRI images using ITK-SNAP (v.3.6). Regions of interest included the brainstem, the cerebellum, as well as the forebrain and its components: the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and deep gray matter (including basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area). Absolute (cm3) and normalized (as % total brain volume) values were compared using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post-hoc test. Results Prolonged morphine administration in infancy was associated with lower body weight and globally smaller brain volumes, which was not different between the sexes. In adulthood, females had lower body weights than males, but no difference was observed in brain volumes between treatment groups. Our results are suggestive of no long-term effect of prolonged morphine treatment in infancy with respect to body weight and brain size in either sex. Interestingly, prolonged morphine administration in adulthood was associated with smaller brain volumes that differed by sex only in case of previous exposure to morphine in infancy. Specifically, we report significantly smaller total brain volume of female rats on account of decreased volumes of forebrain and cortex. Conclusions Our study provides insight into the short- and long-term consequences of prolonged morphine administration in an infant rat model and suggests brain vulnerability to subsequent exposure in adulthood that might differ with sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milo Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard College, Massachusetts Hall, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Anya Brooke Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard College, Massachusetts Hall, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Duncan Jack Hodkinson
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Queens Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Versus Arthritis Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Onur Afacan
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dusica Bajic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Correspondence: Dusica Bajic
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Khosravifarsani M, Ait-Mohand S, Paquette B, Sanche L, Guérin B. In vivo behavior of [64Cu]NOTA-terpyridine platinum, a novel chemo-radio-theranostic agent for imaging, and therapy of colorectal cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:975213. [PMID: 36226156 PMCID: PMC9549809 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.975213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome resistance to chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, we propose to validate in vivo a novel terpyridine-platinum (TP) compound radiolabeled with the radio-theranostic isotope 64Cu. In vivo stability, biodistribution, PET imaging, tumor growth delay, toxicity and dosimetry of [64Cu]NOTA-C3-TP were determined. The current experimental studies show that [64Cu]NOTA-C3-TP is stable in vivo, rapidly eliminated by the kidneys and has a promising tumor uptake ranging from 1.8 ± 0.4 to 3.0 ± 0.2 %ID/g over 48 h. [64Cu]NOTA-C3-TP retarded tumor growth by up to 6 ± 2.0 days and improved survival relative to vehicle and non-radioactive [NatCu]NOTA-C3-TP over 17 days of tumor growth observation. This effect was obtained with only 0.4 nmol i.v. injection of [64Cu]NOTA-C3-TP, which delivers 3.4 ± 0.3 Gy tumoral absorbed dose. No evidence of toxicity, by weight loss or mortality was revealed. These findings confirm the high potential of [64Cu]NOTA-TP as a novel radio-theranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Khosravifarsani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Samia Ait-Mohand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Léon Sanche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), Centre de Recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Fulenwider HD, Caruso MA, Ryabinin AE. Manifestations of domination: Assessments of social dominance in rodents. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12731. [PMID: 33769667 PMCID: PMC8464621 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Social hierarchies are ubiquitous features of virtually all animal groups. The varying social ranks of members within these groups have profound effects on both physical and emotional health, with lower-ranked individuals typically being the most adversely affected by their respective ranks. Thus, reliable measures of social dominance in preclinical rodent models are necessary to better understand the effects of an individual's social rank on other behaviors and physiological processes. In this review, we outline the primary methodologies used to assess social dominance in various rodent species: those that are based on analyses of agonistic behaviors, and those that are based on resource competition. In synthesizing this review, we conclude that assays based on resource competition may be better suited to characterize social dominance in a wider variety of rodent species and strains, and in both males and females. Lastly, albeit expectedly, we demonstrate that similarly to many other areas of preclinical research, studies incorporating female subjects are lacking in comparison to those using males. These findings emphasize the need for an increased number of studies assessing social dominance in females to form a more comprehensive understanding of this behavioral phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah D. Fulenwider
- Department of Behavioral NeuroscienceOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Maya A. Caruso
- Department of Behavioral NeuroscienceOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Andrey E. Ryabinin
- Department of Behavioral NeuroscienceOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
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Hafez SMNA, Elbassuoni E. Dysfunction of aged liver of male albino rats and the effect of intermitted fasting; Biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108465. [PMID: 34952467 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting exerts beneficial effects on most age-related degenerative changes throughout the body. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects and mechanism of intermittent fasting on aged liver in male albino rats. Forty male albino rats were used in this study and were divided into four equal groups; Group I served as control ; rats aged 1 month sacrfied when they reached age of 4 month. Group II; rats aged 1 month with intermittent fasting for 3 months. The rats sacrfied when they reached age of 4 mounth Group III; rats aged 15-month fed an ad-libitum diet. The rats sacrified when they reached age of 18 month. Group IV; 15 month rats with intermittent fasting for 3 months. The rats sacrified when they reached age of 18 month. Liver specimens were excised and processed for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. Blood samples were collected for biochemical study. The result showed a significant increase in liver injury, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers with a marked decrease in the autophagy marker in group III if compared with both group I and II. Additionally, group III showed hepatic vacuolations, cellular filtration, and congestion in both central and portal veins. A highly significant increase in the mean color intensity of positive immunochemical reaction for anti caspase 3 and anti-TNFα as well as a highly significant increase in the surface area fraction of collagen fibers were noticed in group III if compared with group I and II. Interestingly, intermittent fasting (group IV) remarkably reduced the previous alternation that that occurred in group III. It could be concluded that various biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations were observed in liver rat in group III. Beneficial effects of fasting on these changes were recorded in group IV through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effect as well as its effect in modulating autophagy in aged liver cells. This might open the gate for further research and provide a new line for therapeutic intervention in aged liver. These data lead to speculate that sporadic fasting might represent a simple, safe, and inexpensive means to fight the changes occurred in the aged liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman Elbassuoni
- Physiology Department, Minia University Faculty of Medicine, Minia, Egypt
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20
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Büki A, Bohár Z, Kekesi G, Vécsei L, Horvath G. Wisket rat model of schizophrenia: Impaired motivation and, altered brain structure, but no anhedonia. Physiol Behav 2021; 244:113651. [PMID: 34800492 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the poor cognition in schizophrenia is strongly linked to negative symptoms, including motivational deficit, which due to, at least partially, anhedonia. The goal of this study was to explore whether the schizophrenia-like Wisket animals with impaired motivation (obtained in the reward-based hole-board test), also show decreased hedonic behavior (investigated with the sucrose preference test). While neurochemical alterations of different neurotransmitter systems have been detected in the Wisket rats, no research has been performed on structural changes. Therefore, our additional aim was to reveal potential neuroanatomical and structural alterations in different brain regions in these rats. The rats showed decreased general motor activity (locomotion, rearing and exploration) and impaired task performance in the hole-board test compared to the controls, whereas no significant difference was observed in the sucrose preference test between the groups. The Wisket rats exhibited a significant decrease in the frontal cortical thickness and the hippocampal area, and moderate increases in the lateral ventricles and cell disarray in the CA3 subfield of hippocampus. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the hedonic behavior and neuroanatomical alterations in a multi-hit animal model of schizophrenia. The results obtained in the sucrose preference test suggest that anhedonic behavior might not be involved in the impaired motivation obtained in the hole-board test. The neuropathological changes agree with findings obtained in patients with schizophrenia, which refine the high face validity of the Wisket model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Büki
- Department of Physiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Bohár
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Kekesi
- Department of Physiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, H-6725, Hungary; Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, H-6725 Hungary
| | - Gyongyi Horvath
- Department of Physiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
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Agustí A, Campillo I, Balzano T, Benítez-Páez A, López-Almela I, Romaní-Pérez M, Forteza J, Felipo V, Avena NM, Sanz Y. Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 Modulates the Brain Reward Response to Reduce Binge Eating and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rat. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4959-4979. [PMID: 34228269 PMCID: PMC8497301 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) is characterized by behavioral and neurochemical changes linked to loss of food intake control. Gut microbiota may influence appetite and food intake via endocrine and neural routes. The gut microbiota is known to impact homeostatic energy mechanisms, but its role in regulating the reward system is less certain. We show that the administration of Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 (B. uniformis) in a rat FA model impacts on the brain reward response, ameliorating binge eating and decreasing anxiety-like behavior. These effects are mediated, at least in part, by changes in the levels of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline in the nucleus accumbens and in the expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex and intestine. B. uniformis reverses the fasting-induced microbiota changes and increases the abundance of species linked to healthy metabolotypes. Our data indicate that microbiota-based interventions might help to control compulsive overeating by modulating the reward response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Agustí
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Isabel Campillo
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Tiziano Balzano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Almela
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Forteza
- Instituto Valenciano de Patología Unidad Mixta de Patología Molecular, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe/Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicole M Avena
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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22
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Grasing MJ, Xu H, Idowu JY, Grasing K. Changes Depression- and Anxiety- like Behaviors following Selective Breeding for Cocaine Reinforcement. Psychiatry Res 2021; 295:113637. [PMID: 33321401 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The LS and HS are rat lines selectively bred for altered cocaine self-administration. Given the importance of mental health in substance use, these lines were evaluated for putative depression- and anxiety- like behaviors through forced swimming and exploration of a plus maze. We found increases of struggling in LS males, climbing in LS females, and swimming in HS males; with biphasic effects on immobility in the HS strain. HS rats had fewer entries into and less time spent in open arms of the plus maze, consistent with greater anxiety-like behavior, which may contribute to enhanced drug taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Grasing
- Substance Abuse Research Laboratory, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64128; University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160.
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Substance Abuse Research Laboratory, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64128; Florida State University, Program in Neuroscience, Tallahassee, FL 32306.
| | - Jessica Y Idowu
- Substance Abuse Research Laboratory, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64128; University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160.
| | - Kenneth Grasing
- Substance Abuse Research Laboratory, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64128; University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160.
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23
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Francisco CL, Castilhos AM, Silva DC, Silva FM, Meirelles PR, Cooke RF, Jorge AM. Temperament of Nelore growing-steers receiving supplementation in grazing system: Performance, ultrasound measures, feeding behavior, and serum parameters. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Nykyforuk A, Fira L, Lykhatskyi P, Pyda V. Experimental research of garden spinach extract as a potential anabolic medicinal product. PHARMACIA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of protein metabolism – one of the pathologies, the treatment of which is an urgent problem of modern medicine and pharmacy. The importance of the problem is stipulated due to the prevalence of diseases that are accompanied by a violation of protein metabolism in the body. Restoration of protein resources during such conditions requires adequate intake of structural components from the outside – proteins, amino acids and other biologically active substances-correctors of protein metabolism. In recent decades, much attention has been paid to the discoveries of anabolic agents of natural origin, especially from plants. We conducted research on the study of the anabolic and antioxidant properties of dry extract of spinach garden leaves on the model of food deprivation in rats. Established, that the dry extract at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of animals prevents the development of organic disorders of protein metabolism, oxidative stress, prevents a sharp decrease in body weight and slows down the generalized catabolism caused by starvation in rats. Under the influence of the extract on the model of food deprivation, the diuretic function of the kidneys is preserved at the physiological level.
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25
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Tapp DN, Zerkle HL, McMurray MS. Extent of food restriction affects probability but not delay-based decision-making. J Exp Anal Behav 2020; 114:179-192. [PMID: 32776567 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rodent studies on decision-making often use food rewards and food-restrict subjects in order to motivate performance. However, food restriction has widespread effects on brain and behavior, which depend on factors including extent of restriction and feeding schedule. These factors are well recognized for their effects on motivation, but may also cause effects on decision-making independent of motivation. We examined how the degree of weight-based food restriction in rats influenced decision-making on the probability and delay discounting tasks. Additionally, we examined how the method of food restriction (consistent amount vs. time constrained feeding schedule) influenced decision-making. Our results showed that the degree of weight-based food restriction significantly altered probability, but not delay discounting, and that these effects were not entirely explainable by differences in motivation. Additionally, the method of food restriction did not significantly influence discounting when animals were within the same range of weight-based restriction. Together, our findings suggest that the degree of food restriction may modulate the neural circuitry responsible for selective aspects of decision-making related to probability. Further, these data support the need for tight control and reporting of weight and feeding in studies relying on food restriction, and suggest that the effects of food restriction may be broader than previously considered.
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26
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The Impact of Common Recovery Blood Sampling Methods, in Mice (Mus Musculus), on Well-Being and Sample Quality: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060989. [PMID: 32517144 PMCID: PMC7341276 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood sampling is often performed in laboratory mice. Sampling techniques have the potential to cause pain, distress and impact on lifetime cumulative experience. In spite of institutions commonly providing guidance to researchers on these methods, and the existence of published guidelines, no systematic evaluation of the evidence on this topic exists. A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed, identifying 27 studies on the impact of recovery blood sample techniques on mouse welfare and sample quality. Studies were appraised for quality using the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool. In spite of an acceptable number of studies being located, few studies examined the same pairwise comparisons. Additionally, there was considerable heterogeneity in study design and outcomes, with many studies being at a high risk of bias. Consequently, results were synthesised using the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) reporting guidelines. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was utilised for assessment of certainty in the evidence. Due to the heterogeneity and GRADE findings, it was concluded that there was not enough high-quality evidence to make any recommendations on the optimal method of blood sampling. Future high-quality studies, with standardised outcome measures and large sample sizes, are required.
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Palm Weevil Larvae ( Rhynchophorus phoenicis Fabricius) and Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato-Enriched Biscuits Improved Nutritional Status in Female Wistar Albino Rats. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:8061365. [PMID: 32322416 PMCID: PMC7168711 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible insects have emerged as an inexpensive alternative source of protein for reducing the burden of malnutrition worldwide. However, there is a dearth of evidence on its efficacy, and thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of edible insect consumption on the nutritional status of female Wistar albino rats. The study assessed the subchronic effect of palm weevil larvae (PWL) and orange-fleshed sweet potato- (OFSP-) enriched biscuits (fortified biscuits (FB), plain biscuits (PB), biscuits fortified with PWL (PWB), and biscuits fortified with OFSP only (SPB)) as a model to predict the potential of PWL to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women in Ghana. Twenty-five female Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to five experimental groups to receive one of the five feed supplements for 28 days. After which, the effects of treatment on haematological and biochemical parameters including lipid profile were assessed. No significant differences were observed with haematological (Hb) parameters. However, total cholesterol levels of the FB, PB, PWB, and SPB were significantly higher than in the N group. Apart from elevated total cholesterol concentrations, biscuits fortified with PWL had no adverse effects and can be a nutritious snack for maintaining acceptable HB levels.
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Sibomana I, Mattie DR. Sub-chronic dermal exposure to aircraft engine oils impacts the reproductive organ weights and alters hematological profiles of Sprague Dawley rats. Curr Res Toxicol 2020; 1:12-24. [PMID: 34345833 PMCID: PMC8320628 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little data available for the toxicity of used aircraft engine oils relative to their unused (new) versions. This study was conducted to determine if grade 3 (G3) and 4 (G4) aircraft engine oils in their new states (G3-N and G4-N) and their used versions (G3-U and G4-U) have the potential to induce toxicity via dermal application. Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were dermally exposed to water (control), new and used versions of G3 and G4 oils to determine the oil sub-chronic toxicity potentials. A volume of 300 μL of undiluted oil was applied to the pad of the Hill Top Chamber System©. Then the chamber was attached to a fur-free test site located at the back of the rat for 6 h/day for 5 consecutive days/week for 21 days (15 total exposures). Recovery rats also received similar treatments and were kept for 14 days post-exposure to screen for reversibility, persistence, or delayed occurrence of toxic effects. Both G3 and G4 oils had a significant impact on the weight of male and female reproductive organs: testes weights for recovery rats exposed to G3-N significantly decreased (12%) relative to controls; G3-N and G3-U decreased uterus weights by 23% and 29%, respectively; G4-N decreased uterus weights by 32% but were resolved at the end of the recovery period; G4-N increased the weight of the adrenals and spleen for females by 34% and 27%, respectively, during the recovery period. G3 and G4 induced more changes in female blood indices than in those for males. Of all versions of oils, G4-N induced the most changes in profiles of female blood. G4-N significantly decreased the white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and increased the mean platelet volumes. Interestingly, males were not affected by exposure to G4-N oil. While G3-N decreased the white blood cells and lymphocytes for females it slightly increased those for males. In summary, G3 and G4 oils impacted the weights for male and reproductive organs. This study highlights the health risks that aircraft maintenance workers may be exposed to if precautions are not taken to minimize exposure to these oils. Grade 3 and grade 4 aircraft engine oils contain organophosphate compounds. Dermal exposure to these oils impacted organ weights of female and male rats. Unused versions of these oils had more effects on blood indices than used versions. Females may be more susceptible to exposure to these oils than males.
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Key Words
- Aircraft engine oils
- BA, basophils
- Dermal exposure
- EO, eosinophils
- G3, grade 3
- G3-N, grade 3 in an unused state
- G3-U, grade 3 in a used state
- G4, grade 4
- G4-N, grade 4 in an unused state
- G4-U, grade 4 in a used state
- HCT, hematocrit
- Hematological parameters
- Hgb, hemoglobin
- IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- LY, lymphocytes
- MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin
- MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
- MCV, mean corpuscular volume
- MO, monocytes
- MPV, mean platelet volume
- NE, neutrophils
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PLT, platelets
- RBC, red blood cells
- RDW, red blood cell distribution width
- Reproductive organs
- SDS, safety data sheet
- Sprague Dawley rats
- TCP, tricresyl phosphate
- TIPP, phenol isopropylated phosphate (3:1)
- TOCP, tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate
- TPP, triphenyl phosphate
- WBC, white blood cells
- WPAFB, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaie Sibomana
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 HPW/RHBB, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate (AFRL/711 HPW/RHBB), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
- Corresponding author at: Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate (AFRL/711 HPW/RHBB), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA.
| | - David R. Mattie
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate (AFRL/711 HPW/RHBB), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
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Acute food deprivation separates motor-activating from anxiolytic effects of caffeine in a rat open field test model. Behav Pharmacol 2019. [PMID: 29543609 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Similar doses of caffeine have been shown to produce either anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects in rats. The reasons for these conflicting results are not known. We hypothesized that food deprivation stress interacts with the stimulant effects of caffeine to increase anxiety-like behavior. We tested 32 female Sprague Dawley rats in a dim open field for 10 min. Half of the animals were food deprived for 24 h and injected (intraperitoneal) with caffeine (30 mg/kg; n=7) or deionized water (n=8) 20 min before the open field test. The other half was nondeprived and injected with caffeine (30 mg/kg; n=8) or deionized water (n=9). Results showed that nondeprived rats injected with caffeine moved longer distances and at a greater speed in the periphery and moved longer distances and spent more time in the center than rats treated with vehicle, indicative of motor-activating and/or anxiolytic effects of caffeine. Rats that were food deprived and injected with caffeine moved longer distances in the center and tended to spend more time there, indicative of anxiolysis. We conclude that caffeine had two effects on behavior, motor activation and a reduction of anxiety, and that food deprivation separated these effects.
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Daumas-Meyer V, Champeil-Potokar G, Chaumontet C, Dahirel P, Papillon C, Congar P, Denis I. Fasting induces astroglial plasticity in the olfactory bulb glomeruli of rats. Glia 2017; 66:762-776. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrice Dahirel
- NBO UR1197, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas 78350 France
| | | | - Patrice Congar
- NBO UR1197, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas 78350 France
| | - Isabelle Denis
- NBO UR1197, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas 78350 France
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