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Tan C, Karaca AC, Assadpour E, Jafari SM. Influence of different nano/micro-carriers on the bioavailability of iron: Focus on in vitro-in vivo studies. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102949. [PMID: 37348384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Anemia resulting from iron (Fe) deficiency is a global public health problem. The deficiency of Fe is usually due to insufficient dietary intake of iron, interaction of Fe with other food components, and thus low bioaccessibility/bioavailability. Fe encapsulation has the potential to tackle some major challenges in iron fortification of foods. Various nano/micro-carriers have been developed for encapsulation of Fe, including emulsions, liposomes, hydrogels, and spray-dried microcapsules. They could reduce the interactions of Fe with food components, increase iron tolerance and intestinal uptake, and decrease adverse effects. This article review covers the factors affecting the bioavailability of Fe along with emerging carriers that can be used as a solution of this issue. The application of Fe-loaded carriers in food supplements and products is also described. The advantages and limitations associated with the delivery efficiency of each carrier for Fe are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Asli Can Karaca
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Food Industry Research Co., Gorgan, Iran; Food and Bio-Nanotech International Research Center (Fabiano), Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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Hu S, Lin S, He X, Sun N. Iron delivery systems for controlled release of iron and enhancement of iron absorption and bioavailability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10197-10216. [PMID: 35588258 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2076652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a global nutritional problem, and adding iron salts directly to food will have certain side effects on the human body. Therefore, there is growing interest in food-grade iron delivery systems. This review provides an overview of iron delivery systems, with emphasis on the controlled release of iron during gastrointestinal digestion, as well as the enhancement of iron absorption and bioavailability. Iron-bearing proteins are easily degraded by digestive enzymes and absorbed through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Instead, protein aggregates are slowly degraded in the stomach, which delays iron release and serves as a potential iron supplement. Amino acids, peptides and polysaccharides can bind iron through iron binding sites, but the formed compounds are prone to dissociation in the stomach. Moreover, peptides and polysaccharides can deliver iron by mediating the formation of ferric oxyhydroxide which is absorbed through endocytosis or bivalent transporter 1. In addition, liposomes are unstable during gastric digestion and iron is released in large quantities. Complexes formed by polysaccharides and proteins, and microcapsules formed by polysaccharides can delay the release of iron in the gastric environment and prolong iron release in the intestinal environment. This review is conducive to the development of iron functional ingredients and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing He
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Na Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
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Rajendran D, Ezhuthupurakkal PB, Lakshman R, Gowda NKS, Manimaran A, Rao SBN. Application of encapsulated nano materials as feed additive in livestock and poultry: a review. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:315-328. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Losada-Espinosa N, Estévez-Moreno LX, Bautista-Fernández M, Losada H, María GA, Miranda-de la Lama GG. Integrative surveillance of cattle welfare at the abattoir level: Risk factors associated with liver condemnation, severe hoof disorders, carcase bruising and high muscle pH. Anim Welf 2021. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.30.4.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Given the multi-dimensionality of animal welfare, any monitoring system for slaughter animals should comprise an integrative vision that facilitates animal welfare and food safety assessment. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors as possible causes for liver condemnations,
hoof disorders, bruise prevalence, and the quality of beef carcases under commercial operating conditions in Mexico. Data were recorded for 143 journeys encompassing 1,040 commercial cattle, originating from feedlots, free-range, and dairy production systems. Details on journey distance, vehicle
type, cattle type, and animals' origin were gathered from abattoir reports. We found that carcase bruising (41%) and hoof disorders (43.9%) had the highest prevalence, regardless of the production system. Variables such as cattle type and production system influenced liver condemnations; old
bulls extensively raised were more prone to present parasitosis such as Fasciola hepatica. Transportation conditions (journey distance, vehicle type) and cattle type might have influenced the development of hoof disorders in the evaluated animals. Multivariable logistic regression showed
that animals' origin was a potential risk factor for severe bruising and high muscle pH, with cull dairy cows getting the most serious damage. In general, cattle transport conditions were factors that showed interactions with three of the evaluated indicators (severe hoof injuries, carcase
bruising, meat pH24h). Our study shows the need to implement integrative surveillance to identify risk factors according to the production system from which the animals originate. With this information it is possible to develop strategies to mitigate specific cattle welfare problems.
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Avendaño C, Vidal S, Villamizar-Sarmiento MG, Guzmán M, Hidalgo H, Lapierre L, Valenzuela C, Sáenz L. Encapsulation of Cochleates Derived from Salmonella Infantis with Biopolymers to Develop a Potential Oral Poultry Vaccine. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3426. [PMID: 34641241 PMCID: PMC8512329 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and characterize Salmonellaenterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis) cochleates protected by encapsulation technology as a potential vaccine and to determine its safety in pullets. Cochleates were encapsulated by two technologies, spray drying and ionotropic gelation at different concentrations (0-15% v/v), and were characterized by physicochemical properties, protein content and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The cochleates were white liquid suspensions with tubular shapes and a protein content of 1.0-2.1 mg/mL. After encapsulation by spray drying, microparticles ranged in size from 10.4-16.9 µm, were spherical in shape, and the protein content was 0.7-1.8 mg/g. After encapsulation by ionotropic gelation, beads ranged in size from 1620-1950 µm and were spherical in shape with a protein content of 1.0-2.5 mg/g. FTIR analysis indicated that both encapsulation processes were efficient. The cochleates encapsulated by ionotropic gelation were then tested for safety in pullets. No ill effect on the health of animals was observed upon physical or postmortem examination. In conclusion, this study was the first step in developing a potential oral S. Infantis vaccine safe for poultry using a novel cochleate encapsulation technology. Future studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Avendaño
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
| | - María Gabriela Villamizar-Sarmiento
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
- Department of Sciences and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Miguel Guzmán
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
- Nucleus of Applied Research in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, NIAVA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 9250000, Chile
| | - Héctor Hidalgo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Carolina Valenzuela
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
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Mazgaj R, Lipiński P, Szudzik M, Jończy A, Kopeć Z, Stankiewicz AM, Kamyczek M, Swinkels D, Żelazowska B, Starzyński RR. Comparative Evaluation of Sucrosomial Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Oral Supplements in Iron Deficiency Anemia in Piglets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9930. [PMID: 34576090 PMCID: PMC8466487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most common mammalian nutritional disorder. However, among mammalian species iron deficiency anemia (IDA), occurs regularly only in pigs. To cure IDA, piglets are routinely injected with high amounts of iron dextran (FeDex), which can lead to perturbations in iron homeostasis. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of non-invasive supplementation with Sucrosomial iron (SI), a highly bioavailable iron supplement preventing IDA in humans and mice and various iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Analysis of red blood cell indices and plasma iron parameters shows that not all iron preparations used in the study efficiently counteracted IDA comparable to FeDex-based supplementation. We found no signs of iron toxicity of any tested iron compounds, as evaluated based on the measurement of several toxicological markers that could indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress or inflammation. Neither SI nor IONPs increased hepcidin expression with alterations in ferroportin (FPN) protein level. Finally, the analysis of the piglet gut microbiota indicates the individual pattern of bacterial diversity across taxonomic levels, independent of the type of supplementation. In light of our results, SI but not IONPs used in the experiment emerges as a promising nutritional iron supplement, with a high potential to correct IDA in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Mazgaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Mateusz Szudzik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Aneta Jończy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Zuzanna Kopeć
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Adrian M. Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Marian Kamyczek
- Pig Hybridization Centre, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 43-246 Pawłowice, Poland;
| | - Dorine Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (TLM 830), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Hepcidin Analysis, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Beata Żelazowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Rafał R. Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
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Anticoi M, Durán E, Avendaño C, Pizarro F, Figueroa J, Guzmán-Pino SA, Valenzuela C. Novel edible toys as iron carrier to prevent iron deficiency of postweaned pigs. Animal 2021; 15:100256. [PMID: 34098521 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current preventive treatment for iron deficiency in pigs is inefficient, resulting in a high prevalence of iron-deficient or anemic postweaned pigs. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize edible toys (ETs) to be used as oral iron supplements, and to assess their effect on feeding behavior and iron status of postweaned pigs. Three types of ETs, varying in sweetness, were produced by ionic gelation, using whey, sodium alginate, ferrous sulfate and atomized bovine erythrocytes. ET control (ETC) was developed without sweetener, ET1 contained 15% w/v sucrose and ET2 contained 0.03% w/v of Sucram (98% sodium saccharin, 1% neosperidine dihydrocalcone and 1% maltol). ETs were mainly composed of carbohydrates and protein, with a similar concentration of iron (2.2-2.7 mg/g). The ETs were offered to 24 postweaned pigs to measure acceptability and preference. The animals preferred ETC and ET2 over ET1. To assess the nutritional benefit of the ETs, 24 postweaned pigs were distributed into three groups: ETC (without iron), ETC-Fe (ETC with iron) and ET2-Fe (with iron and Sucram). Iron-loaded ET (ETC-Fe and ET2-Fe) significantly increased the concentration of red blood cells (from 6.1 to 7.5·106 x mm3 for ETC-Fe and from 6.2 to 7.8 for ET2-Fe), hematocrit (from 32.8 to 37.9% for ETC-Fe and from 32.3 to 35.1 for ET2-Fe), serum iron (from 28.6 to 120.6 µmol/L for ETC-Fe and from 34.9 to 145.4 for ET2-Fe) and serum ferritin (from 7.8 to 18.5 µg/L for ETC-Fe and from 8.1 to 20.2 for ET2-Fe). In conclusion, the ETs developed in this study were accepted by the pigs and provided adequate iron to improve the iron status of postweaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anticoi
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - E Durán
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - C Avendaño
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - F Pizarro
- Laboratorio de Micronutrientes, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - J Figueroa
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, San Joaquín, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - S A Guzmán-Pino
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - C Valenzuela
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
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Supplementation with >Your< Iron Syrup Corrects Iron Status in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Iron Deficiency. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050357. [PMID: 33922324 PMCID: PMC8147123 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of >Your< Iron Syrup, a novel oral liquid iron-containing food supplement, with the commonly prescribed iron sulphate (Fe-sulphate) in a mouse model of diet-induced iron deficiency. Standard inbred BALB/cOlaHsd mice were fed low-iron diet for 11 weeks to induce significant decrease in blood haemoglobin and haematocrit and were then supplemented by gavage with either >Your< Iron Syrup or Fe-sulphate for two weeks. In >Your< Iron Syrup group, several markers of iron deficiency, such as serum iron concentration, transferrin saturation and ferritin level were significantly improved in both female and male mice. Fe-sulphate induced similar responses, except that it did not significantly increase iron serum in females and serum ferritin in both sexes. Fe-sulphate significantly increased liver-iron content which >Your< Iron Syrup did not. Transcription of Hamp and selected inflammatory genes in the liver was comparable between the two supplementation groups and with the Control diet group. Some sex-specific effects were noted, which were more pronounced and less variable in males. In conclusion, >Your< Iron Syrup was efficient, comparable and in some parameters superior to Fe-sulphate in improving iron-related parameters without inducing a response of selected liver inflammation markers in a mouse model of diet-induced iron deficiency.
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Exploratory Study: Excessive Iron Supplementation Reduces Zinc Content in Pork without Affecting Iron and Copper. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030776. [PMID: 33799563 PMCID: PMC7998967 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Currently, all pigs raised on intensive farms develop iron-deficiency anemia if they do not receive supplemental iron at birth. Weaning diets commonly contain high concentrations of iron, and the effect on the copper and zinc contents in pork is unknown. In this exploratory work, we determined the effect of excessive oral iron supplementation on the contents of these microminerals in pork. Surprisingly, we found that high iron doses of 3000 ppm reduced the zinc content of pork by 32–55%. Abstract The aim of this work was to determine in an exploratory manner the effect of excessive iron supplementation on iron, zinc, and copper contents in pork and pork offal. Pigs averaging 50 days in age and 15 ± 1.3 kg body weight were allocated to a control group (500 ppm dietary Fe) and a supplemental group (3000 ppm dietary Fe). After an iron supplementation period of 60 days, blood samples were analyzed to determine iron biomarkers, serum copper, and zinc contents. Animals were slaughtered to assess total iron, non-heme iron, heme iron, zinc, and copper contents in samples of nine meat cuts and some offal. Iron supplementation improved the iron status in pigs with increased hemoglobin and hematocrit, but did not affect serum levels of iron, zinc, and copper. Iron supplementation did not affect the heme and non-heme iron contents of the different meat cuts. Zinc contents decreased by 32–55% in meat cuts, where iron content increased in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and pancreas. No differences of zinc and copper were observed in offal samples. High concentrations of iron supplementation reduce zinc content in pork.
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Dukhnitsky VB, Derkach IM, Plutenko MO, Fritsky IO, Derkach SS. Antianemic action of the iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia is one of the most common non-contagious diseases of pigs. Modern antianemic drugs have several drawbacks, so finding new drugs is a pressing issue. We previously reported the results of preclinical studies of iron in rare high valence IV. This allowed us to determine, supplement, and generalize the data on clinical studies of the new drugs with the active substance iron (IV) clathrochelate. Therefore, we studied its antianemic effect on piglets. Experiments were carried out on piglets-analogues neonates, which were divided into three groups: control and two experimental groups. Piglets were kept with sows on suckling. For the purpose of prevention of iron deficiency anemia, the traditional solution of iron dextran was administered once intramuscularly to piglets of I control group. The aqueous solution of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes was administered once intramuscularly to piglets of II experimental group. Iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes were dissolved in a solvent of rheopolyglucin and administered once intramuscularly to piglets of III experimental group. 1 mL of test solutions contained 100 mg of active substance. The investigative material were the samples of blood and serum of piglets, their liver and spleen. The experiment lasted during a 30-day period since the birth of the piglets. According to the results of the experiments, iron (IV) clatrochelate complexes which were dissolved in water for injection and rheopolyglucin had higher antianemic activity compared to the control. This is evidenced by the dynamics of probable changes in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content and hematocrit, iron content in serum and its mass fraction in the blood, liver and spleen of piglets. The effectiveness of the action of iron (IV) clatrochelate complexes is demonstrated by the full supply of piglets with iron and its higher bioavailability.
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Dima C, Assadpour E, Dima S, Jafari SM. Nutraceutical nanodelivery; an insight into the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of different bioactive compounds loaded within nanocarriers. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3031-3065. [PMID: 32691612 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1792409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanofoods is a current concept that is based on the application of nanotechnologies in the preparation of safe foods, with superior nutritional and sensory characteristics, and capable of providing multiple health benefits. In line with the principles of this concept, food scientists have focused on developing new types of nano biosystems that can contribute to increasing the bioavailability of bioactive compounds used in food fortification. Numerous research teams have investigated the main factors limiting oral bioavailability including: bioaccessibility, absorption and transformation of bioactive compounds and bioactive-loaded nanocarriers. The physicochemical processes involved in the factors limiting oral bioavailability have been extensively studied, such asthe release, solubility and interaction of bioactive compounds and nanocarriers during food digestion, transport mechanisms of bioactive compounds and nanoparticles through intestinal epithelial cells as well as the chemical and biochemical transformations in phase I and phase II reactions. In this comprehensive review, the physicochemical processes involved in the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of different encapsulated bioactive compounds, that play an important role in human health, will be explained including polyphenols, phytosterols, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals. In particular, the mechanisms involved in the cellular uptake of bioactive-loaded nanocarriers including transcellular transport (diffusion, endocytosis, pinocytosis, transcytosis, phagocytosis), paracellular transport (through the "tight junctions" between epithelial cells), and the active transport of bioactive compounds under the action of membrane transporters are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Dima
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Stefan Dima
- Faculty of Science and Environment, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Durán E, Churio O, Arias JL, Neira-Carrillo A, Valenzuela C. Preparation and characterization of novel edible matrices based on alginate and whey for oral delivery of iron. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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