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Folke J, Skougaard M, Korsholm TL, Laursen ALS, Salvesen L, Hejl AM, Bech S, Løkkegaard A, Brudek T, Ditlev SB, Aznar S. Assessing serum anti-nuclear antibodies HEp-2 patterns in synucleinopathies. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:49. [PMID: 39026277 PMCID: PMC11256463 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in three primary synucleinopathies - Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), compared to healthy controls. Autoinflammatory disorders typically involve the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own cells and start producing ANA. There is an increasing body of evidence that immune-mediated inflammation is a pathological feature linked to synucleinopathies. To investigate whether this could be autoimmune mediated we analyzed for ANA in the plasma of 25 MSA, 25 PD, and 17 DLB patients, along with 25 healthy controls, using the ANA HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (ANA HEp-2 IFA). Contrary to initial expectations, results showed ANA HEp-2 positivity in 12% of PD, 8% of MSA patients, 18% of DLB patients, and 17% of healthy controls, indicating no increased prevalence of ANA in synucleinopathies compared to age-matched healthy individuals. Various ANA HEp-2 patterns were identified, but no specific pattern was associated with individual synucleinopathies. We conclude hereby that synucleinopathies are not associated with detectable presence of ANA in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Folke
- Centre for Neuroscience & Stereology, Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Skougaard
- Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine-Line Korsholm
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne-Line Strange Laursen
- Centre for Neuroscience & Stereology, Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisette Salvesen
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Hejl
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Sara Bech
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemette Løkkegaard
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Tomasz Brudek
- Centre for Neuroscience & Stereology, Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Bolm Ditlev
- Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susana Aznar
- Centre for Neuroscience & Stereology, Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Yang Q, Lai C, Meng C, Chang Q, Wei N, Wang J. Clinical features and visual prognosis of very late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder-related optic neuritis. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2191-2197. [PMID: 37982973 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder-related optic neuritis is limited to a few case reports. OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical features and visual prognosis of very late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder-related optic neuritis. METHODS This study evaluated 22 patients with first-onset optic neuritis and fulfilled the 2015 diagnosis criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. RESULTS The mean age at optic neuritis onset was 73.91 ± 4.71 (range: 70-82) years with a female predominance (81.8%; ratio: 4.5:1). Antinuclear antibody seropositivity and seronegativity were identified in 12 (55.5%) and 10 (45.5%) patients, respectively. Severe visual loss persisted in 19 (19/42, 45.3%) eyes at the last follow-up. Although patients with antinuclear antibody seropositivity had a significantly higher frequency of attacks (P = 0.015), but they had a longer median time to reach severe visual loss (37 vs. 26 months; log-rank test, P = 0.023). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed antinuclear antibody seropositivity (hazard ratio = 4.849, 95% confidence interval: 1.309-17.965, P = 0.018) as a good predictor of visual acuity improvement. CONCLUSION Patients with very late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder-related optic neuritis may develop severe optic neuritis, and those with antinuclear antibody seronegativity have a similar clinical presentation but worse outcome than those with seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Yang
- Department of Neurology of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuntao Lai
- Department of Neurology of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Meng
- Department of Neurology of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglin Chang
- Department of Radiology of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Neurology of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Neurology of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Carnazzo V, Redi S, Basile V, Natali P, Gulli F, Equitani F, Marino M, Basile U. Calprotectin: two sides of the same coin. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:26-33. [PMID: 37603715 PMCID: PMC10765140 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin (CLP) is a calcium-binding protein produced by neutrophils and monocytes in the course of inflammation. Today, the role of faecal CLP in chronic IBD is well known, but in recent years attention has shifted towards circulating CLP. In fact, this molecule can be measured in different biological fluids: blood, saliva and urine, using different analytic methods that are described in this review. Furthermore, different data confirm the relevant role of serum CLP in autoimmune diseases. In this review we will highlight the correlation between high levels of circulating CLP and specific autoantibodies of major autoimmune pathologies paving the way to the employment of CLP measurement as useful biomarker for monitoring outcome in different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Carnazzo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, AUSL Latina, Latina, Italy
| | - Serena Redi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, AUSL Latina, Latina, Italy
- Facoltà di medicina e Chirurgia, Department of Clinical Pathology, Università “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Basile
- Clinical Pathology Unit and Cancer Biobank, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Natali
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria e Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Gulli
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, IRCCS “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Equitani
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immuno-Hematology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, AUSL Latina, Latina, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Marino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Sezione di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, AUSL Latina, Latina, Italy
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Alyami MB, Hakeem MN, Fadil AI, Jee BA, ElAbbasy HM, Ankawi G. Frequency of Repeating Antinuclear Antibody Testing: When Less Is More. Cureus 2024; 16:e52347. [PMID: 38361688 PMCID: PMC10867545 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are autoantibodies that are associated with and ordered to diagnose autoimmune connective tissue disease. ANA have high sensitivity (~98%) but low specificity (~75%), and because they can be found in healthy individuals and non-rheumatologic conditions leading to their elevation, ANA tests are often requested and interpreted inappropriately by clinicians. The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess how frequently ANA testing is repeated in the adult population of Saudi Arabia (SA) and which factors are associated with and lead to inappropriate testing. Methodology We investigated a study group of 40,634 adult patients who underwent 229,825 ANA tests from 2018 to 2022 in an academic hospital in Jeddah, SA. We took a random sample of 500 patients from the study group, along with their 998 ANA tests, to look in depth into our research questions. Variables related to patients, ANA tests, and ordering physicians were collected. Descriptive and analytical statistics were employed to address the research questions, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results We found 57% of the ordered ANA tests to have positive results, with the most common titers of mild positivity being 1:80 and 1:160. Most repeated ANA tests were ordered with an interval of more than one year, and when repeated, 67% of test results remained unchanged. The majority of seroconversions resulted from negative ANA tests or those with weak (titer 1:40) or mild positivity (titer 1:80-1:160). The results of the moderate (titer 1:320-1:640) and strong (titer ≥1280) positivity ANA tests did not change. Only 11% of repeated ANA tests were found to be appropriate for repetition. The most common specialties associated with ordering ANA tests in general were internal medicine, followed by rheumatology, and finally family medicine. Our correlation analysis revealed that being female, having systemic connective tissue disease, and having a rheumatologist as a specialist were all associated with ordering more than 10 ANA tests (p < 0.05). Conclusion Because the results of repeated ANA tests did not change much, our study suggests that the cost of repeating ANA tests and the subsequent potentially unnecessary interventions should all be carefully examined before scheduling a repeated ANA test. Further studies involving patients from SA and across wider healthcare settings (academic, community, and private hospitals and healthcare centers) are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadi B Alyami
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed N Hakeem
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdulaziz I Fadil
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Bassim A Jee
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Hamza M ElAbbasy
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ghada Ankawi
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
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5
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Aringer M, Toro-Domínguez D, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Classification of systemic lupus erythematosus: From the development of classification criteria to a new taxonomy? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2023; 37:101949. [PMID: 38729901 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2024.101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
SLE is a highly variable systemic autoimmune disease. Its immunopathological effector phase is partly understood. However, the background of its variability is not. SLE classification criteria have been relying on the clinical manifestations and standard autoimmune serology. This still holds true for the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria. On one hand, this has led to significant precision in defining patients with SLE. On the other hand, the information in the criteria neither helps understanding the individual patient's pathophysiology, nor does it predict the efficacy of the available immunomodulatory therapies. Chances of further improvement of clinical criteria are most likely limited. This is where new multi-omic approaches have started to make an impact. While not yet able to differentiate diseases with the same precision as the classification criteria, the results of these studies go far beyond the scope of the criteria with regard to immune dysregulation. Looking at both sides in detail, we here try to synthesize the available data, aiming at a better understanding of SLE and its immune pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Aringer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Daniel Toro-Domínguez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Andalusia, Spain
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Andalusia, Spain; Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Kozłowski P, Lulek M, Skwarek A, Śmiarowski M, Małecka-Giełdowska M, Ciepiela O. Mild-to-moderate COVID-19 does not predispose to the development of autoimmune rheumatic diseases or autoimmune-based thrombosis. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13313. [PMID: 38441212 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
An infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) may have a significant impact on the human immune system. Interactions between the virus and defence mechanisms may promote the development of autoimmune processes which manifest as antinuclear antibody (ANA) synthesis. Since many different viruses are suspected to take part in the pathogenesis of different systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), we examined whether coronavirus disease 2019 convalescents who suffer from mild to moderate disease have a higher risk of developing ANA and anti-β2-glicoprotein I IgG antibodies (β2 GPI). In a retrospective study, we examined 294 adults among volunteer blood donors divided into convalescents (N = 215) and healthy controls (N = 79). For ANA detection, we used line-blotting, a type of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IF), to determine antigenic specificity and ELISA for β2 GPI. We found a lower incidence of ANA in convalescents than in healthy controls, with the majority of these antibodies directed to antigens with no known clinical significance. Additionally, no participants were positive for β2 GPI in either group. Our results show that COVID-19 with mild to moderate symptoms in the generally healthy population does not induce the development of ANA or anti-β2 GPI antibodies for at least 6 months following the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozłowski
- Central Laboratory, University Clinical Centre of Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michalina Lulek
- Students Scientific Group of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Skwarek
- Students Scientific Group of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Śmiarowski
- Students Scientific Group of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milena Małecka-Giełdowska
- Central Laboratory, University Clinical Centre of Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Ciepiela
- Central Laboratory, University Clinical Centre of Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Nguyen TMC, Hoang LDC, Nguyen TKG, Nguyen TN, Nguyen QC, Nguyen TB, Dang HHQ, Bui VC, Pham TM, Nguyen TT. Safety assessment, radioiodination and preclinical evaluation of antinuclear antibody as novel medication for prostate cancer in mouse xenograft model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18753. [PMID: 37907691 PMCID: PMC10618443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to provide in vitro and in vivo data to support the utilization of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) as novel tools for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers. The hematological, biochemical, and histological toxicities of ANAs were assessed at the doses of 5 and 50 μg per mouse. Radiolabeling study was then conducted with ANA and 131I using the chloramine T method, and the biodistribution and treatment efficacy were subsequently investigated in a PC3 xenograft model. No changes in clinical behavior or signs of intoxication, necrosis, or malignancy were observed in ANA-treated mice. 131I-ANA was obtained in very high yield and radiochemical purity, at 94.97 ± 0.98% and 98.56 ± 0.29%, respectively. They achieved immunoreactivity fraction of 0.841 ± 0.17% with PC-3 cells. Levels of radiolabeled ANAs were 1.15-10.14 times higher in tumor tissues than in other examined organs at 24 h post-injection. The tumor growth inhibition rates were 28.33 ± 5.01% in PC3 xenografts mice treated with 131I-ANAs compared with controls and a nearly twofold improvement in median survival was observed. These results demonstrate that radioimmunotherapy of radiolabeled natural ANAs may be an effective treatment for prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Minh Chau Nguyen
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Khanh Giang Nguyen
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Nguyen
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
| | - Quang Chien Nguyen
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Vietnam Military Medical University, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
| | - Ho Hong Quang Dang
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
| | - Van Cuong Bui
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Minh Pham
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Nguyen
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam.
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Park MJ, Jang HM, Kim D, Won DI, Baek HS, Cho MH. Differences in the Clinical Significance of Antinuclear Antibodies According to Titers and Patterns in Children. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:1254-1260. [PMID: 36829288 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231154948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the clinical significance of antinuclear antibody (ANA) according to their titers and patterns in the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune diseases (AiD) in pediatric patients. Of the 2442 children who had undergone an ANA test, 473 (19.4%) were positive for ANA, of whom 33 (7.0%) were diagnosed with significant AiD. The positive predictive value (PPV) for significant AiD was considerably high on application of an ANA titer of ≥1:640, and the PPV of a dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern was significantly lower compared with those of speckled and homogenous patterns. The diagnostic value of ANA positivity for AiD is limited, and the clinical significance of the DFS pattern is relatively lower compared with that of other patterns, such as homogenous and speckled patterns, in children. It is necessary to approach the significance of ANA in children individually depending on titers and patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Min Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsub Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Il Won
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeungnam University, College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyun Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Yadav R, Li QZ, Huang H, Bridges SL, Kahlenberg JM, Stecenko AA, Rada B. Cystic fibrosis autoantibody signatures associate with Staphylococcus aureus lung infection or cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151422. [PMID: 37767091 PMCID: PMC10519797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by persistent inflammation and infections and chronic inflammatory diseases are often accompanied by autoimmunity, autoimmune reactivity in CF has not been studied in depth. Methods In this work we undertook an unbiased approach to explore the systemic autoantibody repertoire in CF using autoantibody microarrays. Results and discussion Our results show higher levels of several new autoantibodies in the blood of people with CF (PwCF) compared to control subjects. Some of these are IgA autoantibodies targeting neutrophil components or autoantigens linked to neutrophil-mediated tissue damage in CF. We also found that people with CF with higher systemic IgM autoantibody levels have lower prevalence of S. aureus infection. On the other hand, IgM autoantibody levels in S. aureus-infected PwCF correlate with lung disease severity. Diabetic PwCF have significantly higher levels of IgA autoantibodies in their circulation compared to nondiabetic PwCF and several of their IgM autoantibodies associate with worse lung disease. In contrast, in nondiabetic PwCF blood levels of IgA autoantibodies correlate with lung disease. We have also identified other autoantibodies in CF that associate with P. aeruginosa airway infection. In summary, we have identified several new autoantibodies and associations of autoantibody signatures with specific clinical features in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hanwen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - S. Louis Bridges
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Division of Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Arlene A. Stecenko
- Division of Pulmonology, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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10
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Rao Y, Tu L, Wei Q, Yang M, Gu J, Liu H. Distribution of titer and karyotype of antinuclear antibodies in a healthy population and its relationship with gastrointestinal lesions. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:1849-1852. [PMID: 37317695 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Rao
- Department of Spleen and Stomach, Chashan Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Liudan Tu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiujing Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingcan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieruo Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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11
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li J, Zhang L, Song Y, Lyu Z, Wang C, Gou L, Quan M, Xiao J, Song H. The effect of antinuclear antibody titre and its variation on outcomes in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2023. [PMID: 36929463 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) can be positive in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but the effect of ANA titre and its variation on outcomes of children with primary ITP remains unclear. Here, we conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study of children with primary ITP at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital in China. A total of 324 children with primary ITP included in this study were followed for a median time of 25 months. In this cohort, 39.2% had an ANA titre of 1:160 or higher. Results from a generalized estimating equation model revealed that patients with higher ANA titres had lower platelet counts at onset but a higher recovery rate of subsequent platelet counts. Results from Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders revealed that patients with ANA titres of 1:160 or more were more likely to develop to autoimmune disease (AID) than those without, and the risk of AID development increased with the rise of ANA titres (p value for trend less than 0.001). These data highlight the predictive value of ANA titre for platelet counts and the risk of AID development in children with primary ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelun Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lejia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zichao Lyu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiying Quan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Fukushige M, Lu X, Satoh M, Oda M, Ohba T, Katoh T. Association between antinuclear antibody positivity and chemical exposure among pregnant Japanese women: A cross-sectional study based on the Japan environment and Children's study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114094. [PMID: 36610096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are detected in healthy individuals, they are more prevalent in women than in men. Pregnant women are immunologically unique, but epidemiological data on ANA positivity in them remain limited. The exposure received from the mother during the fetal period impacts the future health of the fetus and has thus received increased attention in recent years. Thus, we investigated the association between ANA positivity and chemical exposure among pregnant Japanese women, registered in the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). ANA titers were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence with HEp-2 cells at a cutoff dilution of 1:40. Sociodemographic and other data were obtained in the JECS from a self-administered questionnaire. We analyzed 1,235 Japanese women in their first trimester of pregnancy. The ANA prevalence was 17.2%. Among ANA-positive women, a speckled pattern was the most common (95.3%), followed by a homogeneous pattern (72.3%). Exposure to chemicals more than once a week significantly increased the probability of ANA positivity (kerosene, petroleum, benzene, or gasoline: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.03-4.34; chlorine bleach or germicide: AOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.10-3.54; organic solvents: AOR, 5.34; 95% CI, 1.40-20.36; and photocopying machines or laser printers: AOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.17-2.54). ANA positivity was associated with exposure to several chemicals in Japanese women. Our exploratory results suggested that ANAs as potential markers of chemical exposure warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Fukushige
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, 862-0976, Japan; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan; Kumamoto University Regional Centre, The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), 718, Medical Research Building, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan; Department of Medicine, Kitakyushu Yahata-Higashi Hospital, 2-1-17 Nishihonmachi, Yahatahigashi-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka, 805-0061, Japan
| | - Masako Oda
- Kumamoto University Regional Centre, The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), 718, Medical Research Building, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohba
- Kumamoto University Regional Centre, The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), 718, Medical Research Building, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takahiko Katoh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan; Kumamoto University Regional Centre, The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), 718, Medical Research Building, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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Staruszkiewicz M, Pituch-Noworolska A, Skoczen S. Uncommon types of autoantibodies - Detection and clinical associations. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103263. [PMID: 36563770 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunofluorescence is a basic method for detection of autoantibodies in serum. It is used as screening for people with symptoms suggesting autoimmune process and disease. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) assay detecting antibodies against nuclear proteins used commonly for diagnosis of systemic autoimmune disease, although antibodies against cytoplasmic components and mitotic structures are usable in clinic. The majority of ANA nuclear patterns have been comprehensively studied with increasing data. However, the cytoplasmic and mitotic patterns are underestimated and still require further assessment. In this review the clinical associations and significance of uncommon types of autoantibodies are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Szymon Skoczen
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
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14
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Chen J, Bai X, Wu Q, Chen L, Wang H, Zhang J. Exercise Protects Against Cognitive Injury and Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease Through Elevating miR-148a-3p. Neuroscience 2023; 513:126-133. [PMID: 36681141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurological disorder with high morbidity. Exercise is one of the effective ways to ameliorate AD. In this study, we assessed the effects of exercise on cognition and inflammation and studied the role of miR-148a-3p in AD. In 88 patients with AD, the expression of miR-148a-3p was studied using qRT-PCR. ROC curve and Pearson analysis were utilized to evaluate the roles of miR-148a-3p in AD. MWM test was conducted to investigate the effects of miR-148a-3p and exercise on cognition and memory. Moreover, inflammatory indicators were identified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative luciferase levels reflected whether miR-148a-3p targeted SYNJ1. miR-148a-3p levels declined in patients with AD, indicating its potential as a biomarker. Interestingly, miR-148a-3p levels were elevated in patients with AD after exercise. MiR-148a-3p levels correlated with cognitive scores and proinflammatory levels. The cognitive situation and pro-inflammatory state were partly recovered in the mice after exercise. MiR-148a-3p silencing reversed these abovementioned tendencies. Patients with AD exhibited a low level of miR-148a-3p, which was increased after exercise. Therefore, exercise might improve the cognitive function and memory of mice with AD by upregulating miR-148a-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tinglin Hospital of Jinshan District, Shanghai 201505, China
| | - Xiaojing Bai
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Quan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tinglin Hospital of Jinshan District, Shanghai 201505, China
| | - Lilong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tinglin Hospital of Jinshan District, Shanghai 201505, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tinglin Hospital of Jinshan District, Shanghai 201505, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
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Jańczyk W, Bierła JB, Trojanowska I, Wierzbicka-Rucińska A, Cukrowska B, Socha P. Prevalence and Significance of Autoantibody Seropositivity in Children with Wilson's Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040768. [PMID: 36832258 PMCID: PMC9955693 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies occur in healthy subjects as well as in children with Wilson's disease (WD), but their prevalence and significance are unknown. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence of autoantibodies and autoimmune markers, and their relationship to liver injury in WD children. The study included 74 WD and 75 healthy children as a control group. Patients with WD underwent transient elastography (TE) examinations, as well as determination of liver function tests, copper metabolism markers, and serum immunoglobulins (Ig). In the sera of the WD patients and controls, anti-nuclear (ANA), anti-smooth muscle, anti-mitochondrial, anti-parietal cell, anti-liver/kidney microsomal, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies, and specific celiac antibodies were determined. Among the autoantibodies, only the prevalence of ANA in children with WD was higher than in the controls. There was no significant relationship between the presence of autoantibodies and liver steatosis or stiffness after TE. However, advanced liver stiffness (E > 8.2 kPa) was related to IgA, IgG, and gamma globulin production. The type of treatment did not influence the prevalence of autoantibodies. Our results suggest that autoimmune disturbances in WD might not be directly related to liver damage as expressed by steatosis and/or liver stiffness after TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jańczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-8151874
| | - Joanna B. Bierła
- Department of Pathomorphology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Trojanowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aldona Wierzbicka-Rucińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Cukrowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
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Jisova B, Wolesky J, Strizova Z, de Beaux A, East B. Autoimmunity and hernia mesh: fact or fiction? HERNIA : THE JOURNAL OF HERNIAS AND ABDOMINAL WALL SURGERY 2023:10.1007/s10029-023-02749-4. [PMID: 36739352 PMCID: PMC10374482 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing number of patients following hernia surgery with implanted mesh reporting symptoms that could indicate autoimmune or allergic reactions to mesh. 'Allergy' to metals, various drugs, and chemicals is well recognised. However, hypersensitivity, allergy or autoimmunity caused by surgical mesh has not been proven by a scientific method to date. The aim of this study was twofold: to describe the pathophysiology of autoimmunity and foreign body reaction and to undertake a systematic review of surgical mesh implanted at the time of hernia repair and the subsequent development of autoimmune disease. METHODS A systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines was undertaken. Pubmed (Medline), Google Scholar and Cochrane databases were searched for all English-written peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2021. The search was performed using the keywords "hernia", "mesh", "autoimmunity", "ASIA", "immune response", "autoimmune response". RESULTS Seven papers were included in the final analysis-three systematic reviews, three cohort studies and one case report. Much of the current data regarding the association of hernia mesh and autoimmunity relies on retrospective cohort studies and/or case reports with limited availability of cofounding factor data linked to autoimmune disease such as smoking status or indeed a detailed medical history of patients. Three systematic reviews have discussed this topic, each with a slightly different approach and none of them has identified causality between the use of mesh and the subsequent development of autoimmune disease. CONCLUSION There is little evidence that the use of polypropylene mesh can lead to autoimmunity. A large number of potential triggers of autoimmunity along with the genetic predisposition to autoimmune disease and the commonality of hernia, make a cause and effect difficult to unravel at present. Biomaterials cause foreign body reactions, but a chronic foreign body reaction does not indicate autoimmunity, a common misunderstanding in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jisova
- 3Rd Department of Surgery, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - J Wolesky
- 3Rd Department of Surgery, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A de Beaux
- Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B East
- 3Rd Department of Surgery, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Ryabkova VA, Gavrilova NY, Poletaeva AA, Pukhalenko AI, Koshkina IA, Churilov LP, Shoenfeld Y. Autoantibody Correlation Signatures in Fibromyalgia and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Association with Symptom Severity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020257. [PMID: 36830795 PMCID: PMC9952981 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies provide some evidence for the contribution of antibody-mediated autoimmune mechanisms to the nature of fibromyalgia (FM) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Much attention was paid to the autoantibodies (AAb) targeting G protein-coupled receptors as natural components of the immune system. However, the natural AAb network is much more extensive, and has not been previously investigated in these disorders. The enzyme immunoassays ELI-Viscero-Test and ELI-Neuro-Test were used to determine changes in serum content of 33 natural AAb to neural, organ-specific and non-tissue-specific autoantigens (a) in 11 ME/CFS patients with comorbid FM; (b) in 11 ME/CFS patients without FM; (c) in 11 healthy controls. Individual AAb profiles and their correlation with some clinical symptoms were analyzed. Both patients with ME/CFS(-)FM and ME/CFS(+)FM were characterized by more frequent and pronounced deviations in the immunoreactivity to GABA-receptors than healthy controls. Although the level of other natural AAb did not differ between study groups, AAb correlation signatures were altered in patients compared to healthy controls. Both in patients and healthy controls the level of natural AAb to various neural and tissue-specific antigens correlated with the severity of fatigue, bodily pain, depression, anxiety, physical and mental health-related quality of life. Notably, widely different correlation patterns were observed between study groups. Findings from this pilot study provide some evidence that the homeostasis of autoimmune relationships, which are possibly a physiological part of our immune system, may be altered in FM and ME/CFS. The correlation of disease-induced perturbations in individual AAb profiles with some clinical symptoms may arise from the immune system's ability to reflect qualitative and quantitative changes in antigenic composition of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara A. Ryabkova
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Hospital Therapy Named after Academician M.V. Chernorutskii, Research Institute of Rheumatology and Allergology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia Y. Gavrilova
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Leonid P. Churilov
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
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18
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Specific Autoantibodies and Microvascular Damage Progression Assessed by Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy in Systemic Sclerosis: Are There Peculiar Associations? An Update. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12010003. [PMID: 36648887 PMCID: PMC9844325 DOI: 10.3390/antib12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific autoantibodies and nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) findings are serum and morphological diagnostic hallmarks of systemic sclerosis (SSc) as well as useful biomarkers which stratify the microvascular progression and prognosis of patients. METHODS The aim of our narrative review is to provide an update and overview of the link between SSc-related autoantibodies, used in clinical practice, and microvascular damage, evaluated by NVC, by exploring the interaction between these players in published studies. A narrative review was conducted by searching relevant keywords related to this field in Pubmed, Medline and EULAR/ACR conference abstracts with a focus on the findings published in the last 5 years. RESULTS Our search yielded 13 clinical studies and 10 pre-clinical studies. Most of the clinical studies (8/13, 61.5%) reported a significant association between SSc-related autoantibodies and NVC patterns: more specifically anti-centromere autoantibodies (ACA) were associated more often with an "Early" NVC pattern, whereas anti-topoisomerase autoantibodies (ATA) more frequently showed an "Active" or "Late" NVC pattern. Five studies, instead, did not find a significant association between specific autoantibodies and NVC findings. Among the pre-clinical studies, SSc-related autoantibodies showed different mechanisms of damage towards both endothelial cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle vascular cells. CONCLUSIONS The clinical and laboratory evidence on SSc-related autoantibodies and microvascular damage shows that these players are interconnected. Further clinical and demographic factors (e.g., age, sex, disease duration, treatment and comorbidities) might play an additional role in the SSc-related microvascular injury whose progression appears to be complex and multifactorial.
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Lončar SR, Halcrow SE, Swales D. Osteoimmunology: The effect of autoimmunity on fracture healing and skeletal analysis. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2023; 6:100326. [PMID: 37091290 PMCID: PMC10120377 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2023.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding factors that affect bone response to trauma is integral to forensic skeletal analysis. It is essential in forensic anthropology to identify if impaired fracture healing impacts assessment of post-traumatic time intervals and whether a correction factor is required. This paper presents a synthetic review of the intersection of the literature on the immune system, bone biology, and osteoimmunological research to present a novel model of interactions that may affect fracture healing under autoimmune conditions. Results suggest that autoimmunity likely impacts fracture healing, the pathogenesis however, is under researched, but likely multifactorial. With autoimmune diseases being relatively common, significant clinical history should be incorporated when assessing skeletal remains. Future research includes the true natural healing rate of bone; effect of autoimmunity on this rate; variation of healing with different autoimmune diseases; and if necessary, development of a correction factor on the natural healing rate to account for impairment in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephie R. Lončar
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Corresponding author. Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification School of Science and Engineering, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Siân E. Halcrow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Corresponding author. Biological Anthropology Research Group, Department of Anatomy, 270 Great King Street, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Diana Swales
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Do Antinuclear Antibodies Influence the Clinical Features of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria?: A Retrospective Cohort Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7468453. [PMID: 36483629 PMCID: PMC9726248 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7468453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Antinuclear antibody (ANA) is often used as a screening test for autoimmune comorbidities in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). However, the relationship of ANA status and the clinical course of the disease have not been fully described. Objectives To compare clinical features of CSU patients who are positive and negative for ANA. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study that enrolled CSU patients attending the Urticaria Clinic at Siriraj Hospital from 2013 to 2019. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory investigations, and treatments were collected until July 2021. All patients were investigated for ANA. Clinical feature data was compared between CSU patients with positive ANA and negative ANA groups using the 2-sample t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative variables. The chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was conducted to explore the association of qualitative variables. Disease relapse and remission were analysed via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results Of 323 CSU patients, 31% had positive ANA. There were no significant differences in disease severity or impairment in quality of life. Patients with a positive ANA test had significantly lower prevalence of allergic rhinitis (p = .048) and significantly higher level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.007). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that 2% of ANA positive CSU patients achieved remission status after one year and 28% did so after five years. There was no statistically significant difference in time to remission and time to relapse between ANA-positive and negative groups. Conclusion Positive ANA in CSU patients could not indicate the differences in main disease characteristics from the ANA-negative CSU patients. Investigation for ANA may be useful in CSU patients who are suspected of having autoimmune diseases.
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The Risk of Autoimmunity Development following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122655. [PMID: 36560659 PMCID: PMC9788148 DOI: 10.3390/v14122655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The broad spectrum of interactions between autoimmune diseases and the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is not fully understood. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-ENA, anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL), and anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-β2GPI) before and after the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in a real-life setting in healthcare professionals. The identification of risk factors associated with vaccine immunogenicity was evaluated. The study group consisted of employees of two hospitals (354 individuals). Samples for antibody assays were collected before vaccination and at 7-9 months after complete immunisation. There was no significant increase in the prevalence of ANA, ACL or anti-β2GPI antibodies, or autoimmune diseases in subjects who were vaccinated 7-9 months after complete immunisation. In terms of detected anti-ENA, the anti-DFS70 antibodies were found in 6 times more subjects than before vaccination at the second blood draw (in 18 and 3 subjects, respectively) (p = 0.001). There were no significant relationships between a SARS-CoV-2 infection history, humoral response, cellular response, subject category, smoking, sex, body weight, ANA, anti-ENA, ACL, or anti-β2GPI. This study revealed a possible association between the severity of vaccine adverse events (VAEs) and ANA titre. Individuals with more severe VAEs (>10 points) after the second dose of the vaccine had significantly higher ANA titre after complete immunization. When analysing the significance of time between the ANA, anti-ENA, ACL, and anti- β2GPI assays and complete immunisation antibody values, no qualitative result was statistically significant. There was correlation between the time since complete immunization and ANA after.
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22
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Nicolò A, Amendt T, El Ayoubi O, Young M, Finzel S, Senel M, Voll RE, Jumaa H. Rheumatoid factor IgM autoantibodies control IgG homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016263. [PMID: 36341420 PMCID: PMC9634112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation due to autoantibodies targeting multiple self-proteins. Most patients with poor prognosis show elevated titers of IgM antibodies specifically binding to IgG. Such autoreactive antibodies are referred to as rheumatoid factor (RF). However, their biological function and contribution to disease progression remains elusive. We have recently shown that autoreactive antibodies are present in healthy individuals and play an important role in regulating physiological processes. This regulatory mechanism is determined by the class and affinity of the autoreactive antibody, as low-affinity autoreactive IgM neutralizes the recognized autoantigen while high-affinity IgM protects its autoantigen from degradation. Here, we show that RFs possessing a high affinity and mono-specificity to IgG have a stabilizing effect on IgG, whereas low-affinity polyreactive RFs neutralize IgG in vivo. These results suggest that autoreactive IgM antibodies recognizing IgG play a crucial role in regulating IgG homeostasis and that a disbalance between IgM-mediated IgG degradation and stabilization might affect the onset and progression of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, restoring this balance using low-affinity anti-IgG IgM might be a promising therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases involving autoreactive IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Nicolò
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timm Amendt
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Omar El Ayoubi
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc Young
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Finzel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Makbule Senel
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhard E. Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany,*Correspondence: Hassan Jumaa,
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Hsiao SW, Fan CS, Yen HH, Huang SP, Chen YY, Su PY. A retrospective study of prevalence and pattern of international consensus on ANA patterns among patients with hepatitis C virus infection. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14200. [PMID: 36275455 PMCID: PMC9586114 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A previous study reported a 30% prevalence of various autoantibodies among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The International Consensus on Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) Patterns was recently introduced to classify ANA patterns based on immunoassay on HEp-2 cells. There is no previous report with this newly developed classification to evaluate patients with HCV infection. The study aims to study the prevalence and pattern of ANA patterns among HCV-infected patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with HCV infection from September 2020 to June 2021 at our institution. A positive ANA is defined as a titer of more than 1:320. We compared patient features among the positive and negative groups. Results Overall, 258 patients were enrolled-184 patients with negative ANA and 74 patients (28.7%) with positive ANA. The mean age was 67.3 in ANA positive group and 61.2 ANA negative group. Female was prominent with ANA positive and accounted for 63.5%. The most detected ANA pattern was AC-1(homogeneous) (25.9%), followed by AC-4(fine speckled) (25.2%) and AC-21(anti-mitochondrial antibody) (9.6%). In ANA positive group, we found a trend of lower HCV viral load (5.72 log10 IU/ML vs. 6.02 log10 IU/ML), lower alanine aminotransferase level (39.5 U/L vs. 44 U/L), and higher advanced fibrosis (F3 and F4) (38.5% vs. 26.1%). In addition, higher positive ANA (more than 1:640) is significantly associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (77.76 vs. 87.94 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.044). Conclusions A high prevalence (28.7%) of ANA was found in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The presence of positive ANA is not related to the severity of their hepatic manifestation. However, higher positive ANA was significantly associated with lower eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Wen Hsiao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-San Fan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Heng Yen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan,General Education Center, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan,Department of Electrical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Ping Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan,Division of Gastroenterology, Yuanlin Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan,Department of Hospitality Management, MingDao University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuan Su
- Division of Gastroenterology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Kasprowicz-Furmańczyk M, Kuna J, Klimek P, Krajewska-Włodarczyk M. Aseptic Abscess Syndrome in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1354. [PMID: 36295515 PMCID: PMC9609381 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Aseptic abscess syndrome (AAS) is a rare, potentially life-threatening disorder, with numerous features of neutrophilic dermatoses. The main symptoms include aseptic abscess-like collections in internal organs (spleen, liver, lungs), lack of microbes (bacteria, viruses, or parasites) after an exhaustive search, ineffectiveness of antibiotics, and high sensitivity to corticosteroid therapy. AAS is characterized by the development of deep, inflammatory abscesses and systemic symptoms (weight loss, abdominal pain, fever, and leukocytosis). They may be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune diseases. The patient in this study is a 67-year-old man, suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with numerous purulent abscesses in the mediastinum, within the subcutaneous tissue above the extension surfaces of the joints, and on the dorsum of the hands. The lesions are accompanied by bone destruction. The patient was treated with prednisone 40 mg and adalimumab, which resulted in a quick reduction of inflammatory markers and clinical improvement, as well as the healing and absorption of abscesses. Despite COVID-19 infection, treatment with remdesivir, prednisone, and adalimumab was continued, with the complete resolution of the lesions. AAS is difficult to recognize, so practitioners have to be aware of this condition, especially in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, The University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kasprowicz-Furmańczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, The University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jakub Kuna
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Klimek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, The University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland
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Santos WFS, Cantuária APDC, Félix DDC, Nardes LK, de Melo ICS. The influence of demography and referral medical specialty on the detection of autoantibodies to HEP-2 cells in a large sample of patients. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:32. [DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The prevalence of anti-cell autoantibodies detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay on HEp-2 cells (HEp-2-IIFA) increases with age and is higher in female sex. The number of medical specialties that use HEp-2-IIFA in the investigation of autoimmune diseases has increased lately. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of autoantibodies on HEp-2-IIFA according to demographics variables and referring medical specialties.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of the HEp-2-IIFA carried out between January and June of 2017 was performed. The International Consensus on Antinuclear Antibodies Patterns (ICAP) and the Brazilian Consensus on Autoantibodies were used for patterns definition on visual reading of the slides. Anti-cell (AC) codes from ICAP and Brazilian AC codes (BAC) were used for patterns classification.
Results
From 54,990 samples referred for HEp-2-IIF testing, 20.9% were positive at titer ≥ 1/80. HEp-2-IIFA positivity in females and males was 24% and 12%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The proportion of positive results in the 4 age groups analyzed: 0–19, 20–39, 40–59, and ≥ 60 years was 23.3, 20.2, 20.1, and 22.8%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Considering all positive sera (n = 11,478), AC-4 nuclear fine speckled (37.7%), AC-2 nuclear dense fine speckled (21.3%), BAC-3 nuclear quasi-homogeneous (10%) and mixed/composite patterns (8.8%) were the most prevalent patterns. The specialties that most requested HEp-2-IIFA were general practitioner (20.1%), dermatology (15%), gynecology (9.9%), rheumatology (8.5%), and cardiology (5.8%). HEp-2-IIFA positivity was higher in patients referred by rheumatologists (35.7% vs. 19.6%) (p < 0.0001). Moderate (46.4%) and high (10.8%) titers were more observed in patients referred by rheumatologists (p < 0.0001). We observed a high proportion of mixed and cytoplasmic patterns in samples referred by oncologists and a high proportion of BAC-3 (nuclear quasi-homogeneous) pattern in samples referred by pneumologists.
Conclusions
One-fifth of the patients studied were HEp-2-IIFA-positive. The age groups with more positive results were 0–19 and ≥ 60 years. AC-4, AC-2, BAC-3 and mixed/composite patterns were the most frequent patterns observed. Rheumatologists requested only 8.5% of HEp-2-IIFA. Positive results and moderate to high titers of autoantibodies were more frequent in patients referred by rheumatologists.
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Rasquinha MT, Lasrado N, Petro-Turnquist E, Weaver E, Venkataraman T, Anderson D, Laserson U, Larman HB, Reddy J. PhIP-Seq Reveals Autoantibodies for Ubiquitously Expressed Antigens in Viral Myocarditis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071055. [PMID: 36101433 PMCID: PMC9312229 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Myocarditis is the inflammation of the heart muscle, and viral infections are a common cause of this disease. Myocarditis in some patients can progress to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The mouse model of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is commonly used to understand this disease progression in DCM patients. In this paper, we have attempted to analyze antibodies for heart antigens that could be produced as a result of heart damage in animals infected with CVB3 using a technique called Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq). The analyses led us to identify antibodies for several proteins that were not previously reported that may have relevance to human disease. Abstract Enteroviruses such as group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are commonly suspected as causes of myocarditis that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and the mouse model of CVB3 myocarditis is routinely used to understand DCM pathogenesis. Mechanistically, autoimmunity is suspected due to the presence of autoantibodies for select antigens. However, their role continues to be enigmatic, which also raises the question of whether the breadth of autoantibodies is sufficiently characterized. Here, we attempted to comprehensively analyze the autoantibody repertoire using Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq), a versatile and high-throughput platform, in the mouse model of CVB3 myocarditis. First, PhIP-Seq analysis using the VirScan library revealed antibody reactivity only to CVB3 in the infected group but not in controls, thus validating the technique in this model. Second, using the mouse peptide library, we detected autoantibodies to 32 peptides from 25 proteins in infected animals that are ubiquitously expressed and have not been previously reported. Third, by using ELISA as a secondary assay, we confirmed antibody reactivity in sera from CVB3-infected animals to cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 4 homolog (COA4) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1 (PIK3AP1), indicating the specificity of antibody detection by PhIP-Seq technology. Fourth, we noted similar antibody reactivity patterns in CVB3 and CVB4 infections, suggesting that the COA4- and PIK3AP1-reactive antibodies could be common to multiple CVB infections. The specificity of the autoantibodies was affirmed with influenza-infected animals that showed no reactivity to any of the antigens tested. Taken together, our data suggest that the autoantibodies identified by PhIP-Seq may have relevance to CVB pathogenesis, with a possibility that similar reactivity could be expected in human DCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima T. Rasquinha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.T.R.); (N.L.)
| | - Ninaad Lasrado
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.T.R.); (N.L.)
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Erika Petro-Turnquist
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (E.P.-T.); (E.W.)
| | - Eric Weaver
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (E.P.-T.); (E.W.)
| | - Thiagarajan Venkataraman
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Daniel Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Uri Laserson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - H. Benjamin Larman
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Correspondence: (H.B.L.); (J.R.); Tel.: +1-(410)-614-6525 (H.B.L); +1-(402)-472-8541 (J.R.)
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.T.R.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.B.L.); (J.R.); Tel.: +1-(410)-614-6525 (H.B.L); +1-(402)-472-8541 (J.R.)
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González-Chávez SA, Burrola-De Anda JI, Mireles-Canales P, Soto-Adame MA, Pacheco-Tena C. Dynamics of DNA damage response markers, RAD51 and XRCC1, throughout the menstrual cycle and pregnancy in healthy women. Increment during pregnancy and relation to a low titer of antinuclear antibodies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13597. [PMID: 35816185 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases (CTDs); however, they are also detected in healthy individuals. Our understanding of the physiological and pathological origin of ANA is incomplete. Both; female reproductive processes and deficiencies in DNA damage response (DDR) have been independently associated with ANA production. However, the link between these two factors and the presence of ANA is unclear METHOD OF STUDY: A cohort study was conducted on 87 non-pregnant and 51 healthy pregnant women. ANA and the DDR markers X-ray repair cross-complementing 1 (XRCC1) and recombinase (RAD51) were quantified in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, ANA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence in HEp-2 cells in 1:40 diluted sera during the three phases of the menstrual cycle in non-pregnant women and every trimester in pregnant women RESULTS: The prevalence of ANA+ in healthy women was 26.1%, with no significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women. ANA and DDR marker levels did not vary among the three phases of the menstrual cycle or the three trimesters of pregnancy. However, DDR marker levels were higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women (p<0.001) and were found to be higher in ANA+ women (XRCC1, p = 0.025; RAD51, p = 0.006) CONCLUSIONS: The menstrual cycle and pregnancy did not influence the levels of DDR markers or ANA in healthy women; however, the DDR was higher in pregnancy and ANA+ women. The results suggest a potential role of DDR in the pathophysiology of ANA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Aideé González-Chávez
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | | | - Paola Mireles-Canales
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | | | - César Pacheco-Tena
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
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28
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Danilenko OV, Gavrilova NY, Churilov LP. Chronic Fatigue Exhibits Heterogeneous Autoimmunity Characteristics Which Reflect Etiology. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:187-199. [PMID: 35736644 PMCID: PMC9231045 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is considered to be associated with post-viral complications and mental stress, but the role of autoimmunity also remains promising. A comparison of autoimmune profiles in chronic fatigue of different origin may bring insights on the pathogenesis of this disease. Thirty-three patients with CFS/ME were divided into three subgroups. The first group included Herpesviridae carriers (group V), the second group included stress-related causes of chronic fatigue (distress, group D), and the third group included idiopathic CFS/ME (group I). Were evaluated thirty-six neural and visceral autoantigens with the ELISA ELI-test (Biomarker, Russia) and compared to 20 healthy donors, either without any fatigue (group H), or “healthy but tired” (group HTd) with episodes of fatigue related to job burnout not fitting the CFS/ME criteria. β2-glycoprotein-I autoantibodies were increased in CFS/ME patients, but not in healthy participants, that alludes the link between CFS/ME and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) earlier suspected by Berg et al. (1999). In CFS/ME patients, an increase in levels of autoantibodies towards the non-specific components of tissue debris (double-stranded DNA, collagen) was shown. Both CFS and HTd subgroups had elevated level of autoantibodies against serotonin receptors, glial fibrillary acidic protein and protein S100. Only group V showed an elevation in the autoantibodies towards voltage-gated calcium channels, and only group D had elevated levels of dopamine-, glutamate- and GABA-receptor autoantibodies, as well as NF200-protein autoantibodies. Therefore, increased autoimmune reactions to the multiple neural antigens and to adrenal medullar antigen, but not to other tissue-specific somatic ones were revealed. An increase in autoantibody levels towards some neural and non-tissue-specific antigens strongly correlated with a CFS/ME diagnosis. Autoimmune reactions were described in all subtypes of the clinically significant chronic fatigue. Visceral complaints in CFS/ME patients may be secondary to the neuroendocrine involvement and autoimmune dysautonomia. CFS may be closely interrelated with antiphospholipid syndrome, that requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Danilenko
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb, 7–9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.D.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Natalia Y. Gavrilova
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb, 7–9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Pulmonology, Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ligovskii pr., 2–4, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg State University Hospital, Fontanka River Emb., 154, 190103 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Leonid P. Churilov
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb, 7–9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.D.); (L.P.C.)
- Department of Experimental Tuberculosis and Innovative Technologies, Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ligovskii pr., 2–4, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
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The Past, Present, and Future in Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA). Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030647. [PMID: 35328200 PMCID: PMC8946865 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are a hallmark of autoimmunity and, specifically, antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are the most relevant autoantibodies present in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Over the years, different methods from LE cell to HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), solid-phase assays (SPAs), and finally multianalyte technologies have been developed to study ANA-associated SARDs. All of them provide complementary information that is important to provide the most clinically valuable information. The identification of new biomarkers together with multianalyte platforms will help close the so-called “seronegative gap” and to correctly classify and diagnose patients with SARDs. Finally, artificial intelligence and machine learning is an area still to be exploited but in a next future will help to extract patterns within patient data, and exploit these patterns to predict patient outcomes for improved clinical management.
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Martin J, Petryayeva E, Khan WI. Autoantibodies in Common Connective Tissue Diseases: A Primer for Laboratory Professionals. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:114-136. [DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Autoimmune connective tissue disorders are a significant health concern throughout the world with an estimated prevalence of 3% to 5%. They are associated with a variety of autoantibodies that play roles in their diagnosis, risk stratification, prognostication, and/or management. While some autoantibodies have been well-characterized for use in clinical laboratories, many more are in the research stage. Rapid transition from research to clinical practice, lack of clinical guidelines, and harmonization across a rapidly growing number of commercially available tests create numerous challenges to clinicians and laboratories.
Content
This article briefly discusses common connective tissue disorders and their association with well-known autoantibodies, describes current methods used in clinical laboratories, and outlines their advantages and limitations in the context of these diseases.
Summary
Understanding the role of specific autoantibodies and various methodologies for autoantibody testing are important for laboratory professionals who may be introducing/repatriating new tests, updating existing tests, or advising clinicians/patients about testing options/results. Collaboration between laboratory professional staff and clinicians, around the advantages and limitations of each methodology, is also important in their appropriate clinical utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Martin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eleonora Petryayeva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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31
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Treger RS, Fink SL. Beyond Titer: Expanding the Scope of Clinical Autoantibody Testing. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:99-113. [DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Autoantibodies that bind self-antigens are a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, but can also be present in healthy individuals. Clinical assays that detect and titer antigen-specific autoantibodies are an important component of the diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune diseases. Autoantibodies may contribute to disease pathogenesis via effector functions that are dictated by both the antigen-binding site and constant domain.
Content
In this review, we discuss features of antibodies, in addition to antigen-binding specificity, which determine effector function. These features include class, subclass, allotype, and glycosylation. We discuss emerging data indicating that analysis of these antibody features may be informative for diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune diseases. We also consider methodologies to interrogate these features and consider how they could be implemented in the clinical laboratory.
Summary
Future autoantibody assays may incorporate assessment of additional antibody features that contribute to autoimmune disease pathogenesis and provide added clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Treger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan L Fink
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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32
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Chereshnev VA, Pichugova SV, Beikin YB, Chereshneva MV, Iukhta AI, Stroev YI, Churilov LP. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Male Infertility: Juxtacrine, Paracrine, and Endocrine Dysregulation. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:471-488. [PMID: 35366245 PMCID: PMC8830464 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
According to global data, there is a male reproductive potential decrease. Pathogenesis of male infertility is often associated with autoimmunity towards sperm antigens essential for fertilization. Antisperm autoantibodies (ASAs) have immobilizing and cytotoxic properties, impairing spermatogenesis, causing sperm agglutination, altering spermatozoa motility and acrosomal reaction, and thus preventing ovum fertilization. Infertility diagnosis requires a mandatory check for the ASAs. The concept of the blood–testis barrier is currently re-formulated, with an emphasis on informational paracrine and juxtacrine effects, rather than simple anatomical separation. The etiology of male infertility includes both autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases but equally develops through autoimmune links of pathogenesis. Varicocele commonly leads to infertility due to testicular ischemic damage, venous stasis, local hyperthermia, and hypoandrogenism. However, varicocelectomy can alter the blood–testis barrier, facilitating ASAs production as well. There are contradictory data on the role of ASAs in the pathogenesis of varicocele-related infertility. Infection and inflammation both promote ASAs production due to “danger concept” mechanisms and because of antigen mimicry. Systemic pro-autoimmune influences like hyperprolactinemia, hypoandrogenism, and hypothyroidism also facilitate ASAs production. The diagnostic value of various ASAs has not yet been clearly attributed, and their cut-levels have not been determined in sera nor in ejaculate. The assessment of the autoimmunity role in the pathogenesis of male infertility is ambiguous, so the purpose of this review is to show the effects of ASAs on the pathogenesis of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy A. Chereshnev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (V.A.C.); (S.V.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Svetlana V. Pichugova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (V.A.C.); (S.V.P.); (M.V.C.)
- State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region “Clinical and Diagnostic Center” (GAUZ SO “CDC” Clinical Diagnostic Center), 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Yakov B. Beikin
- State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region “Clinical and Diagnostic Center” (GAUZ SO “CDC” Clinical Diagnostic Center), 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Margarita V. Chereshneva
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (V.A.C.); (S.V.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Angelina I. Iukhta
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199304 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.I.S.); (L.P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuri I. Stroev
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199304 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.I.S.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Leonid P. Churilov
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199304 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.I.S.); (L.P.C.)
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Anti - Dense Fıne Speckled (DFS) Antibody: its staınıng pattern in indirect immunofluorescence and its clinical relevance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 60:66-76. [PMID: 34333888 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2021-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern defined by very intense, heterogeneous speckled staining of nucleoplasms of interphase HEp-2 cells and chromosomal areas of metaphase cells. The association of Anti-DFS70 and rheumatologic signs, symptoms, and diagnosis were evaluated. METHODS One-hundred-eight anti-DFS70 positives who consecutively admitted Rheumatology clinic between January-June 2020 were analyzed. The clinical and laboratory findings of positives for anti-DFS70 antibody were compared with those with DFS pattern ANA IFA staining rates. Also, anti-DFS70 positivity rates and their correlation with the DFS staining pattern were analyzed retrospectively in 1016 CTD patients. RESULTS The most common complaint was joint pain seen in 77(71.3%) and the most common laboratory abnormality was RF-positivity observed in 10/108(9.3%) who had anti-DFS70 positivity. The most common ANA staining pattern was DFS (72/108;66,7%); one-third had other than DFS. No statistical significance was found for the association of any of the rheumatological complaints and laboratory findings with the DFS70 staining pattern. ANA analysis was performed in a total of 964/1016(94.88%) CTD patients and 44 (4.56%) of these positive for anti-DFS70. The correlation coefficient showed good correlations between the DFS pattern staining and anti-DFS70 antibody positivity (r=+0.773, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Anti-DFS70-positives have a low rate of CTD. A low anti-DFS70 positivity rate was observed in patients with CTD. As such, it can be considered that anti-DFS70 does not predict CTD or even excludes it.
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Lamotte G, Sandroni P, Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Berini SE, Benarroch EE, Shouman K, Mauermann ML, Anderson J, Low PA, Singer W, Coon EA. Clinical presentation and autonomic profile in Ross syndrome. J Neurol 2021; 268:3852-3860. [PMID: 33813643 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ross syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by tonic pupils, hyporeflexia, and segmental anhidrosis. We sought to characterize the clinical presentation, associated autoimmune disorders, and autonomic profile in patients with Ross syndrome to further elucidate its pathophysiology. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent a thermoregulatory sweat test (TST) between 1998 and 2020 and had confirmation of the diagnosis of Ross syndrome by an autonomic disorders specialist. Standardized autonomic reflex testing was reviewed when available. RESULTS Twenty-six patients with Ross syndrome were identified. The most common initial reported manifestation was an abnormal segmental sweating response in 16 patients (described as hyperhidrosis in 12 patients and anhidrosis in 4 patients) while a tonic pupil was the initial manifestation in 10 patients. Other commonly reported symptoms included fatigue, chronic cough, and increased urinary frequency. An associated autoimmune disorder was identified in one patient. Positive autoantibodies were found in a minority of patients often with unclear clinical significance. Distributions of anhidrosis encountered were segmental (n = 15), widespread (n = 7), and global (n = 4). Well-circumscribed small areas of preserved sweating within areas of anhidrosis were observed in the majority of patients (88.5%). Anhidrosis progressed slowly over time and sudomotor dysfunction was predominantly (post)ganglionic. Cardiovagal and adrenergic functions were preserved in most patients. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of autonomic dysfunction in Ross syndrome is suggestive of a limited autonomic ganglioneuropathy. Sudomotor impairment is prominent and should be the focus of symptomatic management; however, clinicians should be aware of symptoms beyond the classic triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lamotte
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Paola Sandroni
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Berini
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Eduardo E Benarroch
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kamal Shouman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michelle L Mauermann
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Phillip A Low
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Wolfgang Singer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Coon
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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