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Wintachai P, Jaroensawat N, Harding P, Wiwasuku T, Mitsuwan W, Septama AW. Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of Solanum lasiocarpum root extract synthesized silver/silver chloride nanoparticles against Staphylococcus haemolyticus associated with bovine mastitis. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106724. [PMID: 38834135 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a cause of bovine mastitis, leading to inflammation in the mammary gland. This bacterial infection adversely affects animal health, reducing milk quality and yield. Its emergence has been widely reported, representing a significant economic loss for dairy farms. Interestingly, S. haemolyticus exhibits higher levels of antimicrobial resistance than other coagulase-negative Staphylococci. In this study, we synthesized silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) using Solanum lasiocarpum root extract and evaluated their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. haemolyticus. The formation of the Ag/AgCl-NPs was confirmed using UV-visible spectroscopy, which revealed maximum absorption at 419 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated the crystalline nature of the Ag/AgCl-NPs, exhibiting a face-centered cubic lattice. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy elucidated the functional groups potentially involved in the Ag/AgCl-NPs synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the average particle size of the Ag/AgCl-NPs was 10 nm. Antimicrobial activity results indicated that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the Ag/AgCl-NPs treatment were 7.82-15.63 μg/mL towards S. haemolyticus. Morphological changes in bacterial cells treated with the Ag/AgCl-NPs were observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Ag/AgCl-NPs reduced both the biomass of biofilm formation and preformed biofilm by approximately 20.24-94.66 % and 13.67-88.48 %. Bacterial viability within biofilm formation and preformed biofilm was reduced by approximately 21.56-77.54 % and 18.9-71.48 %, respectively. This study provides evidence of the potential of the synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against S. haemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phitchayapak Wintachai
- School of Science, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand; Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand.
| | - Nannapat Jaroensawat
- School of Science, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Phimphaka Harding
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Theanchai Wiwasuku
- School of Science, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand; Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil and Bio-active Compound, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
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Wu J, Liu M, Zhao J, Xi Y, Yang H, Chen S, Long J, Duan G. Global distribution and genetic characterization of bla OXA-positive plasmids in Escherichia coli. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:244. [PMID: 38871847 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of blaOXA-encoding Escherichia coli (E. coli) poses a significant threat to human health. Here, we systematically analyzed the global geographic distribution and genetic characteristics of 328 blaOXA-positive E. coli plasmids based on NCBI database. Twelve blaOXA variants have been discovered, with blaOXA-1 (57.93%) being the most common, followed by blaOXA-10 (11.28%) and blaOXA-48 (10.67%). Our results suggested that blaOXA-positive E. coli plasmids were widespread in 40 countries, mainly in China, the United States, and Spain. MLST analysis showed that ST2, ST43, and ST471 were the top three host STs for blaOXA-positive plasmids, deserving continuing attention in future surveillance program. Network analysis revealed a correlation between different blaOXA variants and specific antibiotic resistance genes, such as blaOXA-1 and aac (6')-Ib-cr (95.79%), blaOXA-181 and qnrS1 (87.88%). The frequent detection of aminoglycosides-, carbapenems- and even colistin-related resistance genes in blaOXA-positive plasmids highlights their multidrug-resistant potential. Additionally, blaOXA-positive plasmids were further divided into eight clades, clade I-VIII. Each clade displayed specificity in replicon types and conjugative transfer elements. Different blaOXA variants were associated with specific plasmid lineages, such as blaOXA-1 and IncFII plasmids in clade II, and blaOXA-48 and IncL plasmids in clade I. Overall, our findings provide a comprehensive insight into blaOXA-positive plasmids in E. coli, highlighting the role of plasmids in blaOXA dissemination in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxue Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhao Long
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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Khan MAS, Islam Z, Shah ST, Rahman SR. Characterization of biofilm formation and multi-drug resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospital wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:825-834. [PMID: 38822462 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater has been identified as a hotspot for the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens that present a serious threat to public health. Therefore, we investigated the current status of antibiotic resistance as well as the phenotypic and genotypic basis of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The disc diffusion method and the crystal violet assay were performed to characterize antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, respectively. Biofilm and integron-associated genes were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics, in which >80% of isolates showed sensitivity to meropenem, amikacin, and gentamicin. The results indicated that 93.82% of isolates were MDR and 71 out of 76 MDR isolates showed biofilm formation activities. We observed the high prevalence of biofilm-related genes, in which algD+pelF+pslD+ (82.7%) was found to be the prevalent biofilm genotypic pattern. Sixteen isolates (19.75%) possessed class 1 integron (int1) genes. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant association between biofilm formation and multidrug resistance (χ2 = 0.35, P = 0.55). Taken together, hospital wastewater in Dhaka city may act as a reservoir for MDR and biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa, and therefore, the adequate treatment of wastewater is recommended to reduce the occurrence of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sayem Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Md Abu Sayem Khan and Zahidul Islam contributed equally to this study
| | - Zahidul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Md Abu Sayem Khan and Zahidul Islam contributed equally to this study
| | - Sm Tanjil Shah
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Tomeh R, Nemati A, Hashemi Tabar G, Tozzoli R, Badouei MA. Antimicrobial resistance, β-lactamase genotypes, and plasmid replicon types of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from different animal hosts. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae059. [PMID: 38467395 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The primary objective of this study was to analyze antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with a particular focus on β-lactamase genotypes and plasmid replicon types of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains originating from various animal hosts. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 84 STEC strains were isolated from cattle (n = 32), sheep/goats (n = 26), pigeons (n = 20), and wild animals (n = 6) between 2010 and 2018 in various regions of Iran. The Kirby-Bauer susceptibility test and multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels were employed to elucidate the correlation between AMR and plasmid replicon types in STEC isolates. The predominant replicon types were IncFIC and IncFIB in cattle (46.8%), IncFIC in sheep/goats (46.1%), IncA/C in pigeons (90%), and IncP in wild animals (50%). STEC of serogroups O113, O26, and O111 harbored the IncFIB (100%), IncI1 (80%), and IncFIC + IncA/C (100%) plasmids, respectively. A remarkable AMR association was found between ciprofloxacin (100%), neomycin (68.7%), and tetracycline (61.7%) resistance with IncFIC; amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (88.8%) and tetracycline (61.7%) with IncA/C; ciprofloxacin (100%) with IncFIB; fosfomycin (85.7%) and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (80%) with IncI1. IncI1 appeared in 83.3%, 50%, and 100% of the isolates harboring blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaOXA β-lactamase genes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The emergence of O26/IncI1/blaCTX-M STEC in cattle farms poses a potential risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rwida Tomeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Ali Nemati
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hashemi Tabar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Rosangela Tozzoli
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Mahdi Askari Badouei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
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Kalpana P, Falkenberg T, Yasobant S, Saxena D, Schreiber C. Agroecosystem exploration for Antimicrobial Resistance in Ahmedabad, India: A Study Protocol. F1000Res 2024; 12:316. [PMID: 38644926 PMCID: PMC11026950 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.131679.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the leading threats to public health. AMR possesses a multidimensional challenge that has social, economic, and environmental dimensions that encompass the food production system, influencing human and animal health. The One Health approach highlights the inextricable linkage and interdependence between the health of people, animal, agriculture, and the environment. Antibiotic use in any of these areas can potentially impact the health of others. There is a dearth of evidence on AMR from the natural environment, such as the plant-based agriculture sector. Antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and related AMR genes (ARGs) are assumed to present in the natural environment and disseminate resistance to fresh produce/vegetables and thus to human health upon consumption. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of vegetables in the spread of AMR through an agroecosystem exploration in Ahmedabad, India. Protocol The present study will be executed in Ahmedabad, located in Gujarat state in the Western part of India, by adopting a mixed-method approach. First, a systematic review will be conducted to document the prevalence of ARB and ARGs on fresh produce in South Asia. Second, agriculture farmland surveys will be used to collect the general farming practices and the data on common vegetables consumed raw by the households in Ahmedabad. Third, vegetable and soil samples will be collected from the selected agriculture farms and analyzed for the presence or absence of ARB and ARGs using standard microbiological and molecular methods. Discussion The analysis will help to understand the spread of ARB/ARGs through the agroecosystem. This is anticipated to provide an insight into the current state of ARB/ARGs contamination of fresh produce/vegetables and will assist in identifying the relevant strategies for effectively controlling and preventing the spread of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachillu Kalpana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, NRW, 53113, Germany
- One Health Graduate School, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, NRW, 53113, Germany
| | - Timo Falkenberg
- One Health Graduate School, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, NRW, 53113, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health (IHPH), Universitätsklinikum Bonn (University Hospital Bonn), Bonn, NRW, 53127, Germany
| | - Sandul Yasobant
- One Health Graduate School, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, NRW, 53113, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health (IHPH), Universitätsklinikum Bonn (University Hospital Bonn), Bonn, NRW, 53127, Germany
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DMIMS), Wardha, Maharastra, 442004, India
- Centre for One Health Education, Research & Development (COHERD), Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar (IIPHG), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382042, India
| | - Deepak Saxena
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DMIMS), Wardha, Maharastra, 442004, India
- Centre for One Health Education, Research & Development (COHERD), Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar (IIPHG), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382042, India
| | - Christiane Schreiber
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health (IHPH), Universitätsklinikum Bonn (University Hospital Bonn), Bonn, NRW, 53127, Germany
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Ren J, Lu H, Lu S, Huang Z. Impacts of sulfamethoxazole stress on vegetable growth and rhizosphere bacteria and the corresponding mitigation mechanism. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1303670. [PMID: 38390364 PMCID: PMC10882545 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1303670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are an important pharmaceutical class excessively used by humans. Its presence in the soil can impact plant growth and induce antibiotic resistance. This research studies the effect of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on plant growth, rhizosphere bacteria composition, and resistance genes. Two sets of vegetables (basil, cilantro, and spinach) were treated separately with water and SMX solution. The plant growth data and soil samples were collected and analyzed. The results revealed that SMX increased spinach leaf length (34.0%) while having no significant impacts on basil and cilantro. On the other hand, SMX improved the bacterial diversity in all samples. The shifts in the abundance of plant growth-promoting bacteria could indirectly affect vegetable stem and leaf length. SMX also significantly increased the abundance of resistance genes Sul1 and Sul2. A further study into the correlation between bacteria highlights the importance of Shingomonas and Alfipia for inhibiting the spread of key resistance gene hosts, namely, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Agrobacterium. This research provides insight into SMX's impact on vegetable growth and microbial diversity. It also points out important microbial interactions that could potentially be utilized to mitigate ARG proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- Lake Forest Academy, Lake Forest, IL, United States
| | - Hongbin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanggen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, China
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Sikder S, Toha M, Anik AH, Sultan MB, Alam M, Parvin F, Tareq SM. A comprehensive review on the fate and impact of antibiotic residues in the environment and public health: A special focus on the developing countries. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e10987. [PMID: 38342763 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine has led to the pervasive presence of antibiotic residues in the environment, posing a potential hazard to public health. This comprehensive review aims to scrutinize the fate and impact of antibiotic residues, with a particular focus on the context of developing nations. The investigation delves into the diverse pathways facilitating the entry of antibiotics into the environment and meticulously examines their effects on human health. The review delineates the current state of antibiotic residues, evaluates their exposure in developing nations, and elucidates existing removal methodologies. Additionally, it probes into the factors contributing to the endurance and ecotoxicity of antibiotic residues, correlating these aspects with usage rates and associated mortalities in these nations. The study also investigates removal techniques for antibiotic residues, assessing their efficiency in environmental compartments. The concurrent emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, engendered by antibiotic residues, and their adverse ecological threats underscore the necessity for enhanced regulations, vigilant surveillance programs, and the adoption of sustainable alternatives. The review underlines the pivotal role of public education and awareness campaigns in promoting responsible antibiotic use. The synthesis concludes with strategic recommendations, strengthening the imperative for further research encompassing comprehensive monitoring, ecotoxicological effects, alternative strategies, socio-economic considerations, and international collaborations, all aimed at mitigating the detrimental effects of antibiotic residues on human health and the environment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Antibiotic residues are widely distributed in different environmental compartments. Developing countries use more antibiotics than developed countries. Human and veterinary wastes are one of the most responsible sources of antibiotic pollution. Antibiotics interact with biological systems and trigger pharmacological reactions at low doses. Antibiotics can be removed using modern biological, chemical, and physical-chemical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sikder
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Bangladesh
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Daffodil International University, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Toha
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Bangladesh
| | - Amit Hasan Anik
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Bangladesh
| | - Maisha Binte Sultan
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Bangladesh
| | - Mahbub Alam
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Bangladesh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Fahmida Parvin
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shafi M Tareq
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Bangladesh
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Gnatzy L, Ismailos G, Vertzoni M, Reppas C. Managing the clinical effects of drug-induced intestinal dysbiosis with a focus to antibiotics: Challenges and opportunities. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106510. [PMID: 37380062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The term "intestinal dysbiosis" is used for indicating change(s) of the intestinal microbiota which have been associated with the development of diseases and the deterioration of disease treatments in humans. In this review, documented clinical effects of drug-induced intestinal dysbiosis are briefly presented, and methodologies which could be considered for the management of drug-induced intestinal dysbiosis based on clinical data are critically reviewed. Until relevant methodologies are optimized and/or their effectiveness to the general population is confirmed, and, since drug-induced intestinal dysbiosis refers predominantly to antibiotic-specific intestinal dysbiosis, a pharmacokinetically-based approach for mitigating the impact of antimicrobial therapy on intestinal dysbiosis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Gnatzy
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - George Ismailos
- Experimental, Research and Training Center ELPEN, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Pikermi, Greece; National Antimicrobial Testing Committee, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece.
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Nale JY, McEwan NR. Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1307. [PMID: 37627727 PMCID: PMC10451327 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a polymicrobial disease characterised by inflammation of the udders of dairy and beef cattle. The infection has huge implications to health and welfare of animals, impacting milk and beef production and costing up to EUR 32 billion annually to the dairy industry, globally. Bacterial communities associated with the disease include representative species from Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Actinomyces, Aerococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella and Proteus. Conventional treatment relies on antibiotics, but antimicrobial resistance, declining antibiotic innovations and biofilm production negatively impact therapeutic efficacy. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses which effectively target and lyse bacteria with extreme specificity and can be a valuable supplement or replacement to antibiotics for bovine mastitis. In this review, we provide an overview of the etiology of bovine mastitis, the advantages of phage therapy over chemical antibiotics for the strains and research work conducted in the area in various model systems to support phage deployment in the dairy industry. We emphasise work on phage isolation procedures from samples obtained from mastitic and non-mastitic sources, characterisation and efficacy testing of single and multiple phages as standalone treatments or adjuncts to probiotics in various in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo bovine mastitis infection models. Furthermore, we highlight the areas where improvements can be made with focus on phage cocktail optimisation, formulation, and genetic engineering to improve delivery, stability, efficacy, and safety in cattle. Phage therapy is becoming more attractive in clinical medicine and agriculture and thus, could mitigate the impending catastrophe of antimicrobial resistance in the dairy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Y. Nale
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Inverness IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK
| | - Neil R. McEwan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Aberdeen AB21 9YA, Scotland, UK;
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Li X, Chen G, Liu L, Wang G. Anaerobic sludge digestion elevates dissemination risks of bacterial antibiotic resistance in effluent supernatant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117854. [PMID: 37023605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion following a variety of pretreatments is a promising technique for the reduction of excess sludge in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs), and eliminations of possible pathogens, viruses, protozoa, and other disease-causing organisms. Notwithstanding a rapidly increasing health concern of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in MWWTPs, dissemination risks of ARB in anaerobic digestion processes are still poorly understood, especially in the digested supernatant. Taking the representative ARB with respect to the common tetracycline-, sulfamethoxazole-, clindamycin- and ciprofloxacin resistance, we investigated the compositions of ARB in the sludge and supernatant, and quantified their variations along the entire anaerobic sludge digestion process following ultrasonication-, alkali-hydrolysis- and alkali-ultrasonication pretreatments, respectively. Results showed that the abundance of ARB was diminished by up to 90% from the sludge along anaerobic digestion coupling with the pretreatments. Surprisingly, pretreatments clearly boosted the abundance of specific ARB (e.g., 2.3 × 102 CFU/mL of tetracycline-resistant bacteria) in the supernatant that otherwise remained relatively low value of 0.6 × 102 CFU/mL from the direct digestion. Measurements of the soluble-, loosely-bound- and tightly-bound extracellular polymeric substances components revealed a gradually intensified destruction of the sludge aggregates along the entire anaerobic digestion processes, which could be likely responsible to the increase of the ARB abundance in the supernatant. Furthermore, analysis of the bacterial community components showed that the ARB populations were strongly correlated with the occurrence of Bacteroidetes, Patescibacteria, and Tenericutes. Interestingly, intensified conjugal transfer (0.015) of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was observed upon returning of the digested supernatant to the biological treatment system. It implies the likelihood of ARGs spreading and subsequent ecological risks upon anaerobic digestion towards reducing excess sludge, and therefore requires further attentions for the excess sludge treatments especially of supernatant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Guowei Chen
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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He X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang T, He J, Peng A, Qi K. Facile fabrication of Eu-based metal-organic frameworks for highly efficient capture of tetracycline hydrochloride from aqueous solutions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11107. [PMID: 37429960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) removal from wastewater is important for the environment and human health yet challenging. Herein, the Eu-based MOF, Eu(BTC) (BTC represents 1,3,5-trimesic acid) was prepared by an efficient and environmental-friendly strategy, and then was used for the TCH capture for the first time. The Eu(BTC) was characterized by different methods such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The TCH uptake of Eu(BTC) was investigated systematically. The influences of experiment conditions such as solution pH value, adsorption time and initial concentration on TCH capacity of Eu(BTC) were also studied. The Eu(BTC) obtained exhibited remarkable TCH uptake (qm was up to 397.65 mg/g), which was much higher than those of most materials such as UiO-66/PDA/BC (184.30 mg/g), PDA-NFsM (161.30 mg/g) and many carbon-based materials reported till now. Besides, the TCH adsorption behavior on Eu(BTC) was explored by Freundlich and Langmuir equations, and the adsorption mechanism was further analyzed. The experimental results suggested that the TCH adsorption mechanism of Eu(BTC) included the π-π interaction, electrostatic interaction and coordinate bonds. The excellent TCH adsorption performance and the efficient fabrication strategy make the Eu(BTC) prepared promising in TCH removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue He
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qicui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieli He
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Anzhong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kezhen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Chapa González C, González García LI, Burciaga Jurado LG, Carrillo Castillo A. Bactericidal activity of silver nanoparticles in drug-resistant bacteria. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:691-701. [PMID: 37131105 PMCID: PMC10235008 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to multiple drugs is a worldwide problem that afflicts public health. Various studies have shown that silver nanoparticles are good bactericidal agents against bacteria due to the adherence and penetration of the external bacterial membrane, preventing different vital functions and subsequently bacterial cell death. A systematic review of ScienceDirect, PubMed, and EBSCOhost was conducted to synthesize the literature evidence on the association between the bactericidal property of silver nanoparticles on both resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Eligible studies were original, comparative observational studies that reported results on drug-resistant bacteria. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant information. Out of the initial 1 420, 142 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included to form the basis of the analysis. Full-text screening led to the selection of 6 articles for review. The results of this systematic review showed that silver nanoparticles act primarily as bacteriostatic agents and subsequently as bactericides, both in Gram-positive and Gram-negative drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chapa González
- Grupo de Investigación en Nanomedicina, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ave. del Charro 450, Ciudad Juárez, 32310, México.
- Ingeniería Biomédica, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ave. del Charro 450, Ciudad Juárez, 32310, México.
| | - L I González García
- Grupo de Investigación en Nanomedicina, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ave. del Charro 450, Ciudad Juárez, 32310, México
| | - L G Burciaga Jurado
- Ingeniería Biomédica, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ave. del Charro 450, Ciudad Juárez, 32310, México
| | - A Carrillo Castillo
- Ingeniería Biomédica, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ave. del Charro 450, Ciudad Juárez, 32310, México
- Biotecnología y Nanotecnología en Electrónica Flexible, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ave. del Charro 450, Ciudad Juárez, 32310, México
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13
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Benlabidi S, Raddaoui A, Lengliz S, Cheriet S, Hynds P, Achour W, Ghrairi T, Abbassi MS. Occurrence of High-Risk Clonal Lineages ST58, ST69, ST224, and ST410 among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Free-Range Chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus) in a Rural Region in Tunisia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040875. [PMID: 37107633 PMCID: PMC10138121 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolates have emerged in various ecologic compartments and evolved to spread globally. We sought to (1.) investigate the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec) in feces from free-range chickens in a rural region and (2.) characterize the genetic background of antimicrobial resistance and the genetic relatedness of collected isolates. Ninety-five feces swabs from free-range chickens associated with two households (House 1/House 2) in a rural region in northern Tunisia were collected. Samples were screened to recover ESBL-Ec, and collected isolates were characterized for phenotype/genotype of antimicrobial resistance, integrons, and molecular typing (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST)). Overall, 47 ESBL-Ec were identified, with the following genes detected: 35 blaCTX-M-1, 5 blaCTX-M-55, 5 blaCTX-M-15, 1 blaSHV-2, and 1 blaSHV-12. Resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and colistin was encoded by aac(6')-Ib-cr (n = 21), qnrB (n = 1), and qnrS (n = 2); tetA (n = 17)/tetB (n = 26); sul1 (n = 29)/sul2 (n = 18); and mcr-2 (n = 2) genes, respectively. PFGE and MLST identified genetic homogeneity of isolates in House 1; however, isolates from House 2 were heterogeneous. Notably, among nine identified sequence types, ST58, ST69, ST224, and ST410 belong to pandemic high-risk clonal lineages associated with extrapathogenic E. coli. Minor clones belonging to ST410 and ST471 were shared by chickens from both households. The virulence genes fyuA, fimH, papGIII, and iutA were detected in 35, 47, 17, and 23 isolates, respectively. Findings indicate a high occurrence of ESBL-Ec in free-range chickens and highlight the occurrence of pandemic zoonotic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloua Benlabidi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Anis Raddaoui
- Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Sana Lengliz
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Application LR11ES22, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, University of Carthage, Tunis 1054, Tunisia
| | - Sarah Cheriet
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Paul Hynds
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wafa Achour
- Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory 'Antimicrobial Resistance' LR18ES39, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
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14
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Zarzecka U, Zadernowska A, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Adamski P. High-pressure processing effect on conjugal antibiotic resistance genes transfer in vitro and in the food matrix among strains from starter cultures. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 388:110104. [PMID: 36706580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the frequency of conjugal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among strains obtained from starter cultures. Gene transfer ability was analyzed in vitro and in situ in the food matrix. It was found that the transfer of aminoglycoside resistance genes did not occur after high-pressure treatment, either in vitro or in situ. After exposure to HPP, the transfer frequencies of tetracycline, ampicillin and chloramphenicol resistance genes increased significantly compared to the control sample, both in vitro and in situ. The frequency of resistance genes transfer in the food matrix in the pressurized samples did not differ significantly from the in vitro transfer rate. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) for these antibiotics determined for transconjugants were lower or equal to MICs determined for the donors. No significant differences were observed between the MIC values determined for the transconjugants obtained in vitro and in situ. The results suggest that HPP may contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance. This points to the need to verify starter cultures strains for their antibiotic resistance and pressurization parameters to avoid spreading antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Zarzecka
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Zadernowska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Patryk Adamski
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
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15
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ESBL-Positive Enterobacteriaceae from Dogs of Santiago and Boa Vista Islands, Cape Verde: A Public Health Concern. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030447. [PMID: 36978314 PMCID: PMC10044620 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a public health threat with an increasing expression in low- and middle-income countries such as Cape Verde. In this country, there is an overpopulation of dogs, which may facilitate the spread of resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. To clarify the role of dogs as reservoirs for the dissemination of this bacterial group, 100 rectal swab samples were collected from confined (n = 50) and non-confined (n = 50) dogs in Santiago and Boa Vista Islands, Cape Verde. These were analyzed using conventional bacteriological techniques for the detection of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and characterization of their pathogenic and resistance profiles. Twenty-nine samples displayed ESBL-positive bacteria, from which 48 ESBL-producing isolates were obtained and mostly identified as Escherichia coli. Multiple antimicrobial resistance indexes ranged from 0.18 to 0.70 and half of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. Isolates were capable of producing relevant virulence factors, including biofilm, showing virulence indexes between 0.29 and 0.71. As such, dogs in Cape Verde may act as reservoirs of resistant bacteria, including pathogenic and zoonotic species, representing a public health concern. Although further investigation is needed, this study proposes the periodical analysis of dogs’ fecal samples to monitor resistance dissemination in the country, in a One-Health perspective.
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16
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Hahne F, Müller C, Yalman S, Meißner J, Kietzmann M, Hamscher G. Stability of Important Veterinary Antibiotics Amoxicillin, Sulfadiazine, and Trimethoprim in Practice-Relevant Model Solutions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020214. [PMID: 36830125 PMCID: PMC9952672 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the frequent use of veterinary drugs in animal husbandry, it is important to know their environmental behavior. In this context, little attention has been paid to the stability of the active ingredients in solutions prepared for administration. This is particularly problematic for antibiotics that trigger resistance when administered subtherapeutically. In order to investigate a possible influence of the preparation and storage of veterinary drugs on compound stability, three widely used antibiotics (amoxicillin, sulfadiazine, trimethoprim) were prepared in different model solutions. Depending on their individual stabilities, the incubation period lasted up to 70 days. Samples were analyzed at regular intervals by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Following official recommendations, the investigations covered various parameters, e.g., pH, buffer substances, influence of light, and temperature. Sulfadiazine was incubated together with trimethoprim at concentrations of 120 mg L-1 and 80 mg L-1 for 70 days. Both compounds proved to be very stable under all experimental conditions and between 92 and 100% of the active ingredients remained. In 0.1% formic acid, a transformation product was found with less than 5% of the parent substance. In contrast, amoxicillin (500 mg L-1) was instable in almost all solutions under investigation. Within 17 days, the concentration of AMO decreased to 72% in ultrapure water. With the exception of a physiological saline solution, the amount of amoxicillin dropped below 10% or even below the detection limit. Thus, a physiological saline solution is best suited for the storage of dissolved amoxicillin for later administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Hahne
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Clarissa Müller
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Suzan Yalman
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jessica Meißner
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Kietzmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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17
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Selvarajan R, Obize C, Sibanda T, Abia ALK, Long H. Evolution and Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Given Ecosystems: Possible Strategies for Addressing the Challenge of Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:28. [PMID: 36671228 PMCID: PMC9855083 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics were once considered the magic bullet for all human infections. However, their success was short-lived, and today, microorganisms have become resistant to almost all known antimicrobials. The most recent decade of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century have witnessed the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in different pathogenic microorganisms worldwide. Therefore, this narrative review examined the history of antibiotics and the ecological roles of antibiotics, and their resistance. The evolution of bacterial antibiotic resistance in different environments, including aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and modern tools used for the identification were addressed. Finally, the review addressed the ecotoxicological impact of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and public health concerns and concluded with possible strategies for addressing the ABR challenge. The information provided in this review will enhance our understanding of ABR and its implications for human, animal, and environmental health. Understanding the environmental dimension will also strengthen the need to prevent pollution as the factors influencing ABR in this setting are more than just antibiotics but involve others like heavy metals and biocides, usually not considered when studying ABR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramganesh Selvarajan
- Laboratory of Extraterrestrial Ocean Systems (LEOS), Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Chinedu Obize
- Centre d’étude de la Forêt, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Timothy Sibanda
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Akebe Luther King Abia
- Department of Microbiology, Venda University, Thohoyando 1950, South Africa
- Environmental Research Foundation, Westville 3630, South Africa
| | - Haijun Long
- Laboratory of Extraterrestrial Ocean Systems (LEOS), Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
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18
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Soundararajan M, Marincola G, Liong O, Marciniak T, Wencker FDR, Hofmann F, Schollenbruch H, Kobusch I, Linnemann S, Wolf SA, Helal M, Semmler T, Walther B, Schoen C, Nyasinga J, Revathi G, Boelhauve M, Ziebuhr W. Farming Practice Influences Antimicrobial Resistance Burden of Non-Aureus Staphylococci in Pig Husbandries. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010031. [PMID: 36677324 PMCID: PMC9865537 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are ubiquitous bacteria in livestock-associated environments where they may act as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes for pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we tested whether housing conditions in pig farms could influence the overall AMR-NAS burden. Two hundred and forty porcine commensal and environmental NAS isolates from three different farm types (conventional, alternative, and organic) were tested for phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility and subjected to whole genome sequencing. Genomic data were analysed regarding species identity and AMR gene carriage. Seventeen different NAS species were identified across all farm types. In contrast to conventional farms, no AMR genes were detectable towards methicillin, aminoglycosides, and phenicols in organic farms. Additionally, AMR genes to macrolides and tetracycline were rare among NAS in organic farms, while such genes were common in conventional husbandries. No differences in AMR detection existed between farm types regarding fosfomycin, lincosamides, fusidic acid, and heavy metal resistance gene presence. The combined data show that husbandry conditions influence the occurrence of resistant and multidrug-resistant bacteria in livestock, suggesting that changing husbandry practices may be an appropriate means of limiting the spread of AMR bacteria on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriella Marincola
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Liong
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Marciniak
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Freya D. R. Wencker
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franka Hofmann
- Department of Agriculture; South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, 59494 Soest, Germany
| | - Hannah Schollenbruch
- Department of Agriculture; South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, 59494 Soest, Germany
| | - Iris Kobusch
- Department of Agriculture; South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, 59494 Soest, Germany
| | - Sabrina Linnemann
- Department of Agriculture; South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, 59494 Soest, Germany
| | - Silver A. Wolf
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mustafa Helal
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Walther
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS4), Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Schoen
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Justin Nyasinga
- Department of Pathology, Aga-Khan-University Hospital Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gunturu Revathi
- Department of Pathology, Aga-Khan-University Hospital Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marc Boelhauve
- Department of Agriculture; South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, 59494 Soest, Germany
| | - Wilma Ziebuhr
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)931-31-2578
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19
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Gut Microbiome Studies in Livestock: Achievements, Challenges, and Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233375. [PMID: 36496896 PMCID: PMC9736591 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The variety and makeup of the gut microbiome are frequently regarded as the primary determinants of health and production performances in domestic animals. High-throughput DNA/RNA sequencing techniques (NGS) have recently gained popularity and permitted previously unheard-of advancements in the study of gut microbiota, particularly for determining the taxonomic composition of such complex communities. Here, we summarize the existing body of knowledge on livestock gut microbiome, discuss the state-of-the-art in sequencing techniques, and offer predictions for next research. We found that the enormous volumes of available data are biased toward a small number of globally distributed and carefully chosen varieties, while local breeds (or populations) are frequently overlooked despite their demonstrated resistance to harsh environmental circumstances. Furthermore, the bulk of this research has mostly focused on bacteria, whereas other microbial components such as protists, fungi, and viruses have received far less attention. The majority of these data were gathered utilizing traditional metabarcoding techniques that taxonomically identify the gut microbiota by analyzing small portions of their genome (less than 1000 base pairs). However, to extend the coverage of microbial genomes for a more precise and thorough characterization of microbial communities, a variety of increasingly practical and economical shotgun techniques are currently available.
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20
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Miranda CD, Concha C, Godoy FA, Lee MR. Aquatic Environments as Hotspots of Transferable Low-Level Quinolone Resistance and Their Potential Contribution to High-Level Quinolone Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1487. [PMID: 36358142 PMCID: PMC9687057 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The disposal of antibiotics in the aquatic environment favors the selection of bacteria exhibiting antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Quinolones are bactericidal antimicrobials extensively used in both human and animal medicine. Some of the quinolone-resistance mechanisms are encoded by different bacterial genes, whereas others are the result of mutations in the enzymes on which those antibiotics act. The worldwide occurrence of quinolone resistance genes in aquatic environments has been widely reported, particularly in areas impacted by urban discharges. The most commonly reported quinolone resistance gene, qnr, encodes for the Qnr proteins that protect DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from quinolone activity. It is important to note that low-level resistance usually constitutes the first step in the development of high-level resistance, because bacteria carrying these genes have an adaptive advantage compared to the highly susceptible bacterial population in environments with low concentrations of this antimicrobial group. In addition, these genes can act additively with chromosomal mutations in the sequences of the target proteins of quinolones leading to high-level quinolone resistance. The occurrence of qnr genes in aquatic environments is most probably caused by the release of bacteria carrying these genes through anthropogenic pollution and maintained by the selective activity of antimicrobial residues discharged into these environments. This increase in the levels of quinolone resistance has consequences both in clinical settings and the wider aquatic environment, where there is an increased exposure risk to the general population, representing a significant threat to the efficacy of quinolone-based human and animal therapies. In this review the potential role of aquatic environments as reservoirs of the qnr genes, their activity in reducing the susceptibility to various quinolones, and the possible ways these genes contribute to the acquisition and spread of high-level resistance to quinolones will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D. Miranda
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
| | - Christopher Concha
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
| | - Félix A. Godoy
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Matthew R. Lee
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
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Zhang H, Liu M, Fan W, Sun S, Fan X. The impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in the environment on one health approach. Front Public Health 2022; 10:994745. [PMID: 36159313 PMCID: PMC9489838 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.994745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) has become one of the leading causes of death in humans and animals. Current research suggests that the transmission of MTBC in the environment indirectly transmit to humans and animals with subsequent impact on their wellbeing. Therefore, it is of great significance to take One Health approach for understanding the role of MTBC in not only the interfaces of humans and animals, but also environment, including soil, water, pasture, air, and dust, etc., in response to the MTBC infection. In this review, we present the evidence of MTBC transmission from environment, as well as detection and control strategies in this interface, seeking to provide academic leads for the global goal of End Tuberculosis Strategy under multidisciplinary and multisectoral collaborations.
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22
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Wang YF, Pan MM, Song YL, Li Z, Wang L, Jiang M, Yu X, Xu L. Beyond the fluorescence labelling of novel nitrogen-doped silicon quantum dots: the reducing agent and stabilizer for preparing hybrid nanoparticles and antibacterial applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7003-7013. [PMID: 36040426 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01304e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) have fully demonstrated their applicability in light of their fluorescence. The extension of their applications to other fields, especially considering their excellent biocompatibility, would be more appealing. Herein, a kind of versatile nitrogen-doped silicon quantum dot (N-SiQD) was facilely synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal method with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethylpentylamine as sources. The N-SiQDs were used as a probe for bacterial imaging owing to their good fluorescence properties, stability and biocompatibility. Besides, owing to N doping rendering the N-SiQDs stronger reducibility and Au affinity, the N-SiQDs displayed unique reduction capability, and were attempted as a reducing agent and stabilizer for the synthesis of the nanocomposite, i.e. N-SiQDs stabilized Au nanoparticles (N-SiQDs-AuNPs), under mild conditions. The N-SiQDs-AuNPs showed superior catalytic performance to citric-AuNPs due to the synergistical catalytic effect. In addition, the N-SiQDs exhibited good antibacterial properties against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) without obvious negative influence on the cells, particularly avoiding the use of any other external stimulation. This study may open a new avenue to use SiQDs for the synthesis of nanocomposites and other biomedicine applications beyond as a fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Meng-Meng Pan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Yong-Li Song
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Le Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Jiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Yu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Li Xu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China.
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Preharvest Environmental and Management Drivers of Multidrug Resistance in Major Bacterial Zoonotic Pathogens in Pastured Poultry Flocks. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091703. [PMID: 36144304 PMCID: PMC9505790 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to nutritional benefits and perceived humane ways of treating the animals, the demand for antibiotic-free pastured poultry chicken has continued to be steadily rise. Despite the non-usage of antibiotics in pastured poultry broiler production, antibiotic resistance (AR) is reported in zoonotic poultry pathogens. However, factors that drive multidrug resistance (MDR) in pastured poultry are not well understood. In this study, we used machine learning and deep learning approaches to predict farm management practices and physicochemical properties of feces and soil that drive MDR in zoonotic poultry pathogens. Antibiotic use in agroecosystems is known to contribute to resistance. Evaluation of the development of resistance in environments that are free of antibiotics such as the all-natural, antibiotic-free, pastured poultry production systems described here is critical to understand the background AR in the absence of any selection pressure, i.e., basal levels of resistance. We analyzed 1635 preharvest (feces and soil) samples collected from forty-two pastured poultry flocks and eleven farms in the Southeastern United States. CDC National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System guidelines were used to determine antimicrobial/multidrug resistance profiles of Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter. A combination of two traditional machine learning (RandomForest and XGBoost) and three deep learning (Multi-layer Perceptron, Generative Adversarial Network, and Auto-Encoder) approaches identified critical farm management practices and environmental variables that drive multidrug resistance in poultry pathogens in broiler production systems that represents background resistance. This study enumerates management practices that contribute to AR and makes recommendations to potentially mitigate multidrug resistance and the prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria in pastured poultry.
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Fluoroquinolones Hybrid Molecules as Promising Antibacterial Agents in the Fight against Antibacterial Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081749. [PMID: 36015376 PMCID: PMC9414178 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance has motivated researchers to discover new antibacterial agents. Nowadays, fluoroquinolones keep their status as one of the essential classes of antibacterial agents. The new generations of fluoroquinolones are valuable therapeutic tools with a spectrum of activity, including Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical bacteria. This review article surveys the design of fluoroquinolone hybrids with other antibacterial agents or active compounds and underlines the new hybrids' antibacterial properties. Antibiotic fluoroquinolone hybrids have several advantages over combined antibiotic therapy. Thus, some challenges related to joining two different molecules are under study. Structurally, the obtained hybrids may contain a cleavable or non-cleavable linker, an essential element for their pharmacokinetic properties and mechanism of action. The design of hybrids seems to provide promising antibacterial agents helpful in the fight against more virulent and resistant strains. These hybrid structures have proven superior antibacterial activity and less susceptibility to bacterial resistance than the component molecules. In addition, fluoroquinolone hybrids have demonstrated other biological effects such as anti-HIV, antifungal, antiplasmodic/antimalarial, and antitumor activity. Many fluoroquinolone hybrids are in various phases of clinical trials, raising hopes that new antibacterial agents will be approved shortly.
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25
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High-Throughput Identification of Epigenetic Compounds to Enhance Chicken Host Defense Peptide Gene Expression. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070933. [PMID: 35884187 PMCID: PMC9311565 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the synthesis of endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) has emerged as a novel antibiotic-free approach to infectious disease control and prevention. A number of epigenetic compounds have been identified as HDP inducers and several have proved beneficial in antimicrobial therapy. However, species-specific regulation of HDP synthesis is evident. In attempt to identify epigenetic compounds with potent HDP-inducing activity for poultry-specific application, we developed a stable luciferase reporter cell line, known as HTC/AvBD10-luc, following our earlier construction of HTC/AvBD9-luc. HTC/AvBD10-luc was developed through permanent integration of a chicken macrophage cell line, HTC, with a lentiviral luciferase reporter vector driven by a 4-Kb AvBD10 gene promoter. Using a high throughput screening assay based on the two stable cell lines, we identified 33 hits, mostly being histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, from a library of 148 epigenetic compounds. Among them, entinostat and its structural analog, tucidinostat, were particularly effective in promoting multiple HDP gene expression in chicken macrophages and jejunal explants. Desirably, neither compounds triggered an inflammatory response. Moreover, oral gavage of entinostat significantly enhanced HDP gene expression in the chicken intestinal tract. Collectively, the high throughput assay proves to be effective in identifying HDP inducers, and both entinostat and tucidinostat could be potentially useful as alternatives to antibiotics to enhance intestinal immunity and disease resistance.
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26
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Li Y, Yang Y, Ma L, Liu J, An Q, Zhang C, Yin G, Cao Z, Pan H. Comparative Analyses of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Jejunum Microbiota of Pigs in Different Areas. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:887428. [PMID: 35719330 PMCID: PMC9204423 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging environmental contaminants that threaten human and animal health. Intestinal microbiota may be an important ARGs repository, and intensive animal farming is a likely contributor to the environmental burden of ARGs. Using metagenomic sequencing, we investigated the structure, function, and drug resistance of the jejunal microbial community in Landrace (LA, Kunming), Saba (SB, Kunming), Dahe (DH, Qujing), and Diannan small-ear piglets (DS, Xishuangbanna) from different areas in Yunnan Province, China. Remarkable differences in jejunal microbial diversity among the different pig breeds, while the microbial composition of pig breeds in close areas tends to be similar. Functional analysis showed that there were abundant metabolic pathways and carbohydrate enzymes in all samples. In total, 32,487 ARGs were detected in all samples, which showed resistance to 38 categories of drugs. The abundance of ARGs in jejunum was not significantly different between LA and SB from the same area, but significantly different between DS, DH and LA or SB from different areas. Therefore, the abundance of ARGs was little affected by pig breeds and microorganism community structure, but it was closely related to geographical location. In addition, as a probiotic, Lactobacillus amylovorus is also an important ARGs producing bacterium. Our results revealed the antibiotic exposure and intestinal microbial resistance of farms in the study areas, which could provide basic knowledge and potential strategies for rational use of antibiotics and reducing the risk of ARGs transmission in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institiute of Animal husbandry, Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingcong An
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunyong Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Gefen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenhui Cao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongbin Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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High Carriage of Extended-Spectrum, Beta Lactamase-Producing, and Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Tibetan Outpatients with Diarrhea. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040508. [PMID: 35453259 PMCID: PMC9032258 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) have been detected in human-impacted habitats, especially in densely populated cities. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is located far from the heavily populated regions of China, and Tibetan residents have distinct dietary habits and gut microbes. Antibiotic-resistance monitoring in the Tibetan population is rare. Here, we collected stool samples from Tibetan outpatients with diarrhea. From 59 samples, 48 antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained, including 19 extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates from 16 patients and 29 polymyxin-resistant isolates from 22 patients. Either ESBL or mcr genes were found in 17 Escherichia coli isolates, approximately 58.8% of which were multidrug-resistant, and ten incompatible plasmid types were found. The gene blaCTX-M was a common genotype in the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Four E. coli isolates contained mcr-1. The same mcr-1-carrying plasmid was found in distinct E. coli isolates obtained from the same sample, thus confirming horizontal transmission of mcr-1 between bacteria. Genomic clustering of E. coli isolates obtained from Lhasa, with strains from other regions providing evidence of clone spreading. Our results reveal a strong presence of ARB and ARGs in Tibetan outpatients with diarrhea, implying that ARB and ARGs should be monitored in the Tibetan population.
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28
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Antibacterial Activity of Copper Nanoparticles against Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in Tomato Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084080. [PMID: 35456899 PMCID: PMC9032352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper-based bactericides have appeared as a new tool in crop protection and offer an effective solution to combat bacterial resistance. In this work, two copper nanoparticle products that were previously synthesized and evaluated against major bacterial and fungal pathogens were tested on their ability to control the bacterial spot disease of tomato. Growth of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, the causal agent of the disease, was significantly suppressed by both nanoparticles, which had superior function compared to conventional commercial formulations of copper. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry measurements in tomato leaves revealed that bioavailability of copper is superior in the case of nanoparticles compared to conventional formulations and is dependent on synthesis rather than size. This is the first report correlating bioavailability of copper to nanoparticle efficacy.
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Investigation on Mechanism of Tetracycline Removal from Wastewater by Sinusoidal Alternating Electro-Fenton Technique. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sinusoidal alternating electro-Fenton (SAEF) is a new type of advanced electrochemical oxidation technology for the treatment of refractory organic wastewater. In this research, the removal performance and degradation mechanism of tetracycline (TC) were investigated, and the optimal operation parameters were determined. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) were used to characterize the morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure, function groups of sludge produced by SAEF. UV-visible spectroscopy (UV) and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) were employed to determine the concentration of organic matter, middle products of decomposed organics in the SAEF process, respectively. The results showed that the removal rates of TC, chemical oxygen demand (COD), electric energy consumption (EEC) and the amount of produced sludge (Ws) are 94.87%, 82.42%, 1.383 kWh⋅m−3 and 0.1833 kg⋅m−3 by SAEF, respectively, under the optimal conditions (pH = 3.0, conductivity (κ) = 1075 μS⋅cm−1, current density (j) = 0.694 mA⋅cm−2, initial c (TC) = 100 mg·dm−3, c [30%H2O2] = 1.17 cm3⋅dm−3, frequency (f) = 50 Hz, t = 120 min). Compared with pure direct electro-Fenton (DEF) or sinusoidal alternating current coagulation (SACC), SAEF was a highly effective method with low-cost for the treatment of TC wastewater. It was found that the conjugated structure of TC was destroyed to generate intermediate products, and then most of them was gradually mineralized into inorganic materials in the SAEF process.
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30
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Dashtbani-Roozbehani A, Brown MH. Efflux Pump Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance by Staphylococci in Health-Related Environments: Challenges and the Quest for Inhibition. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121502. [PMID: 34943714 PMCID: PMC8698293 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistance in staphylococcal bacteria is a major health threat worldwide due to significant morbidity and mortality resulting from their associated hospital- or community-acquired infections. Dramatic decrease in the discovery of new antibiotics from the pharmaceutical industry coupled with increased use of sanitisers and disinfectants due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic can further aggravate the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Staphylococci utilise multiple mechanisms to circumvent the effects of antimicrobials. One of these resistance mechanisms is the export of antimicrobial agents through the activity of membrane-embedded multidrug efflux pump proteins. The use of efflux pump inhibitors in combination with currently approved antimicrobials is a promising strategy to potentiate their clinical efficacy against resistant strains of staphylococci, and simultaneously reduce the selection of resistant mutants. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge of staphylococcal efflux pumps, discusses their clinical impact, and summarises compounds found in the last decade from plant and synthetic origin that have the potential to be used as adjuvants to antibiotic therapy against multidrug resistant staphylococci. Critically, future high-resolution structures of staphylococcal efflux pumps could aid in design and development of safer, more target-specific and highly potent efflux pump inhibitors to progress into clinical use.
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Shagieva E, Demnerova K, Michova H. Waterborne Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni Are Able to Develop Aerotolerance, Survive Exposure to Low Temperature, and Interact With Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:730858. [PMID: 34777280 PMCID: PMC8578730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.730858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is regarded as the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis around the world. Even though it is generally considered to be a sensitive microaerobic pathogen, it is able to survive in the environment outside of the intestinal tract of the host. This study aimed to assess the impact of selected environmental parameters on the survival of 14 C. jejuni isolates of different origins, including 12 water isolates. The isolates were tested for their antibiotic resistance, their ability to survive at low temperature (7°C), develop aerotolerance, and to interact with the potential protozoan host Acanthamoeba polyphaga. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by standard disk diffusion according to EUCAST. Out of the 14 isolates, 8 were resistant to ciprofloxacin (CIP) and 5 to tetracycline (TET), while only one isolate was resistant to erythromycin (ERY). Five isolates were resistant to two different antibiotic classes. Tetracycline resistance was only observed in isolates isolated from wastewater and a clinical sample. Further, the isolates were tested for their survival at 7°C under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions using standard culture methods. The results showed that under microaerobic conditions, all isolates maintained their cultivability for 4 weeks without a significant decrease in the numbers of bacteria and variation between the isolates. However, significant differences were observed under aerobic conditions (AC). The incubation led to a decrease in the number of cultivable cells, with complete loss of cultivability after 2 weeks (one water isolate), 3 weeks (7 isolates), or 4 weeks of incubation (6 isolates). Further, all isolates were studied for their ability to develop aerotolerance by repetitive subcultivation under microaerobic and subsequently AC. Surprisingly, all isolates were able to adapt and grow under AC. As the last step, 5 isolates were selected to evaluate a potential protective effect provided by A. polyphaga. The cocultivation of isolates with the amoeba resulted in the survival of about 40% of cells treated with an otherwise lethal dose of gentamicin. In summary, C. jejuni is able to adapt and survive in a potentially detrimental environment for a prolonged period of time, which emphasizes the role of the environmental transmission route in the spread of campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Shagieva
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Michova
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
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Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Bacteria as Evolving Contaminants of Emerging Concerns (e-CEC): Is It Time to Include Evolution in Risk Assessment? Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091066. [PMID: 34572648 PMCID: PMC8469798 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pressing issue of the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and resistant bacteria in the environment (ARGs and ARB, respectively) requires procedures for assessing the risk to health. The chemo-centric environmental risk assessment models identify hazard(s) in a dose–response manner, obtaining exposure, toxicity, risk, impact and policy. However, this risk assessment approach based on ARGs/ARB evaluation from a quantitative viewpoint shows high unpredictability because ARGs/ARB cannot be considered as standard hazardous molecules: ARB duplicate and ARGs evolve within a biological host. ARGs/ARB are currently listed as Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC). In light of such characteristics, we propose to define ARGs/ARB within a new category of evolving CEC (or e-CEC). ARGs/ARB, like any other evolving determinants (e.g., viruses, bacteria, genes), escape environmental controls. When they do so, just one molecule left remaining at a control point can form the origin of a new dangerous and selection-responsive population. As a consequence, perhaps it is time to acknowledge this trait and to include evolutionary concepts within modern risk assessment of e-CEC. In this perspective we analyze the evolutionary responses most likely to influence risk assessment, and we speculate on the means by which current methods could measure evolution. Further work is required to implement and exploit such experimental procedures in future risk assessment protocols.
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Kimera ZI, Mgaya FX, Mshana SE, Karimuribo ED, Matee MIN. Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producers, Quinolone and Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Environmental Samples along Msimbazi River Basin Ecosystem in Tanzania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168264. [PMID: 34444027 PMCID: PMC8394723 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We conducted environmental surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria in the Msimbazi river basin in Tanzania to determine the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and quinolone resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. A total of 213 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were recovered from 219 samples. Out of the recovered isolates, 45.5% (n = 97) were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 29.6% (n = 63) were Escherichia coli. K. pneumoniae isolates were more resistant in effluent (27.9%) compared to the E. coli (26.6%). The E. coli had a higher resistance in river water, sediment and crop soil than the K. pneumoniae (35 versus 25%), respectively. Higher resistance in K. pneumoniae was found in nalidixic acid (54.6%) and ciprofloxacin (33.3%) while the E. coli isolates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (39.7%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (38%). Resistance increased from 28.3% in Kisarawe, where the river originates, to 59.9% in Jangwani (the middle section) and 66.7% in Upanga West, where the river enters the Indian Ocean. Out of 160 E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, 53.2% (n = 85) were resistant to more than three classes of the antibiotic tested, occurrence being higher among ESBL producers, quinolone resistant and carbapenem resistant strains. There is an urgent need to curb environmental contamination with antimicrobial agents in the Msimbazi Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhura I. Kimera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam 11103, Tanzania; (F.X.M.); (M.I.N.M.)
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Mtumba Area, P.O. Box 2182, Dodoma 40487, Tanzania
- Correspondence:
| | - Fauster X. Mgaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam 11103, Tanzania; (F.X.M.); (M.I.N.M.)
| | - Stephen E. Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza 33109, Tanzania;
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
| | - Esron D. Karimuribo
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
| | - Mecky I. N. Matee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam 11103, Tanzania; (F.X.M.); (M.I.N.M.)
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
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