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Riva F, Draghi S, Inglesi A, Filipe J, Cremonesi P, Lavazza A, Cavadini P, Vigo D, Agradi S, Menchetti L, Di Giancamillo A, Aidos L, Modina SC, Fehri NE, Pastorelli G, Serra V, Balzaretti CM, Castrica M, Severgnini M, Brecchia G, Curone G. Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Rabbit Diet Modulates Gene Expression of Cytokines, Gut-Vascular Barrier, and Red-Ox-Related Molecules in the Gut Wall. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:800. [PMID: 38473185 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabbits, pivotal in the EU as livestock, pets, and experimental animals, face bacterial infection challenges, prompting a quest for alternatives to curb antibiotic resistance. Bovine colostrum (BC), rich in immunoregulatory compounds, antimicrobial peptides, and growth factors, is explored for disease treatment and prevention. This study assesses BC diet supplementation effects on rabbit intestines, examining gene expression. Thirty female New Zealand White rabbits at weaning (35 days) were divided into three experimental groups: control (commercial feed), 2.5% BC, and 5% BC. The diets were administered until slaughtering (81 days). BC-upregulated genes in the jejunum included IL-8, TGF-β, and CTNN-β1 at 5% BC, while PLVAP at 2.5% BC. Antioxidant-related genes (SOD1, GSR) were downregulated in the cecum and colon with 2.5% BC. BC 5% promoted IL-8 in the jejunum, fostering inflammation and immune cell migration. It also induced genes regulating inflammatory responses (TGF-β) and gastrointestinal permeability (CTNN-β1). BC 5% enhanced antioxidant activity in the cecum and colon, but no significant impact on anti-myxo antibody production was observed. These results suggest that BC has significant effects on the rabbit gastrointestinal tract's inflammatory and antioxidant response, but further research is required to fully understand its histological and physiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Susanna Draghi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessia Inglesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Virology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cavadini
- Virology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Stella Agradi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Laura Menchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93-95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Aidos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Silvia Clotilde Modina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Nour Elhouda Fehri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Grazia Pastorelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Balzaretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Marta Castrica
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione-BCA, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Giulio Curone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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2
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Itani R, Khojah HMJ, Karout S, Rahme D, Hammoud L, Awad R, Abu-Farha R, Mukattash TL, Raychouni H, El-Lakany A. Acinetobacter baumannii: assessing susceptibility patterns, management practices, and mortality predictors in a tertiary teaching hospital in Lebanon. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:136. [PMID: 38031181 PMCID: PMC10685635 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is a major nosocomial pathogen capable of causing life-threatening infections. This bacterium is highly resistant to antibiotics and associated with high mortality rates. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate A. baumannii's susceptibility patterns to antimicrobials, assess the appropriateness of the initiated antimicrobial therapy, determine the mortality rate, and identify predictors associated with mortality. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted among patients infected with A. baumannii at a university hospital in Lebanon through the revision of medical records. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were used to analyze time-to-mortality. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of mortality. RESULTS The records of 188 patients were screened, and 111 patients with A. baumannii infection were enrolled. Almost all isolates were resistant to carbapenem, and 43% of the isolates were extensively-drug resistant. Almost half of the patients received initial inappropriate antimicrobial therapy (n = 50, 45.1%). The 30-day mortality rate associated with A. baumannii infection was 71.2% (79/111). The time to mortality in patients who received inappropriate antimicrobial therapy (5.70 ± 1.07 days) was significantly shorter than in those who received appropriate antimicrobial therapy (12.43 ± 1.01 days, P < 0.01). Binary logistic regression revealed that inappropriate antimicrobial therapy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 16.22, 95% CI 2.68-9.97, P = 0.002), mechanical ventilation (AOR = 14.72, 95% CI 3.27-6.61, P < 0.001), and thrombocytopenia (AOR = 8.82, 95% CI 1.12-9.75, P = 0.003) were more likely associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS A. baumannii exhibits an alarming mortality rate among infected patients. Thrombocytopenia, mechanical ventilation, and inappropriate antibiotic administration are associated with mortality in patients infected with A. baumannii. The prompt initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, infection control measures, and effective stewardship program are crucial to reduce the incidence of A. baumannii and improve the treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Itani
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, 1107 2809, P.O. Box: 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani M J Khojah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, P.O. Box: 30051, 41477, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Karout
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, 1107 2809, P.O. Box: 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Deema Rahme
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, 1107 2809, P.O. Box: 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lara Hammoud
- Pharmacy Department, Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center, Sidon, Lebanon
| | - Reem Awad
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, 1107 2809, P.O. Box: 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Abu-Farha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, P.O. Box: 11931, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tareq L Mukattash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Hamza Raychouni
- Intensive Care Unit, Central Military Hospital, Military Healthcare, Lebanese Army, Beirut, Lebanon
- Intensive Care Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdalla El-Lakany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, 1107 2809, P.O. Box: 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Liu S, Xiao G, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Tian J, Li W, Gong L. Effects of Dietary Bacillus subtilis HC6 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Health in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2915. [PMID: 37760314 PMCID: PMC10526030 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of Bacillus subtilis HC6 on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of broilers. A total of 180 one-day-old white feather broilers were randomly divided into two experimental groups, each comprising six replicates of fifteen chicks from 1 to 50 d of age. The groups were either fed a basal diet (CON) or the same diet supplemented with 5 × 108 cfu/kg of Bacillus subtilis HC6 (BS). Our results indicated that compared with the CON, dietary supplementation with BS increased feed efficiency during d 21-50 and d 1-50 (p < 0.05). Moreover, BS supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity in the serum and liver, and also decreased the activity of diamine oxidase and the level of endotoxins (p < 0.05). Additionally, BS treatment increased the villi height in the jejunum and ileum, increased the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in the ileum, upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunal mucosa, and downregulated the levels of IL-22 and IFN-γ on day 50 (p < 0.05). Principal coordinates analysis yielded clear clustering of two groups; dietary BS increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidales_unclassified (genus) and Olsenella (genus), and decreased the abundance of genera Alistipes on day 50, which identified a strong correlation with FCR, serum differential metabolites, or differential gene expression in the jejunal mucosa by spearman correlation analysis. The PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that supplementation with BS enriched the pathways related to xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, signaling molecules and interaction, the digestive system, and transport and catabolism. These results demonstrated that dietary BS increased feed efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the jejunal mucosa; and decreased the activity of diamine oxidase in serum, which might be attributed to the modulation of community composition and the functions of cecal microbiota in white-feathered broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Jinpeng Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Weifen Li
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Li Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
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Agradi S, Sulce M, Menchetti L, Vigo D, Castrica M, Barbato O, Andoni E, Quattrone A, Munga A, Marongiu ML, Curone G, Brecchia G. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Effects on reproductive and productive performance and meat quality in rabbit breeding. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:70-78. [PMID: 37252331 PMCID: PMC10220468 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit breeding has many critical aspects related to reproduction, production, and animal welfare, which reduce its profitability as well as consumer attractiveness. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) seems to be a good nutritional strategy to improve several aspects of rabbit breeding, enhance animal welfare and produce a new functional food considered healthy for human consumption. For this reason, the main available scientific research regarding the physiological effects of n-3 PUFA rich products supplemented to the rabbit diet will be reviewed. In particular, consequences on the reproductive performances of both doe and buck, the productive parameters, and the meat quality will be analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Agradi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Majlind Sulce
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Laura Menchetti
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Marta Castrica
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Olimpia Barbato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Egon Andoni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Alda Quattrone
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Albana Munga
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Giulio Curone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Hamamah S, Amin A, Al-Kassir AL, Chuang J, Covasa M. Dietary Fat Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Impact on Regulatory Pathways Controlling Food Intake. Nutrients 2023; 15:3365. [PMID: 37571301 PMCID: PMC10421457 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that continues to increase in prevalence worldwide. Emerging evidence has shown that the development of obesity may be influenced by taxonomic shifts in gut microbiota in response to the consumption of dietary fats. Further, these alterations in gut microbiota have been shown to promote important changes in satiation signals including gut hormones (leptin, ghrelin, GLP-1, peptide YY and CCK) and orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides (AgRP, NPY, POMC, CART) that influence hyperphagia and therefore obesity. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which gut microbiota can influence these satiation signals both locally in the gastrointestinal tract and via microbiota-gut-brain communication. Then, we describe the effects of dietary interventions and associated changes in gut microbiota on satiety signals through microbiota-dependent mechanisms. Lastly, we present microbiota optimizing therapies including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and weight loss surgery that can help restore beneficial gut microbiota by enhancing satiety signals to reduce hyperphagia and subsequent obesity. Overall, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary fats induce taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota and their impact on satiation signaling pathways will help develop more targeted therapeutic interventions in delaying the onset of obesity and in furthering its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Arman Amin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Abdul Latif Al-Kassir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Judith Chuang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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Abdel-Kafy ESM, Kamel KI, Severgnini M, Morsy SHA, Cremonesi P, Ghoneim SS, Brecchia G, Ali NI, Abdel-Ghafar YZ, Ali WAH, Shabaan HMA. Diversity and Co-Occurrence Pattern Analysis of Cecal and Jejunal Microbiota in Two Rabbit Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2294. [PMID: 37508071 PMCID: PMC10376057 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance and microbiota variation in the jejunum and cecum of two rabbit breeds with different growth rates. This study was carried out on Native Middle-Egypt Breed (NMER) and Giant Flanders (GF) rabbits from 5 weeks to 12 weeks of age. Twenty NMER (NM) and GF male rabbits were slaughtered, and the jejunum and cecum tracts were collected to assay gut microbiota composition via 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and histology examination. At 12 weeks of age, daily weight gain, villus height in the jejunum, total protein, and albumin were higher in GF rabbits than in NMER rabbits. Also, the jejunal villi of GF were well arranged in their dense borders. The microbiota between the jejunum and cecum was significantly different in terms of Beta-diversity. A significant correlation between Enterococcus (jejunum NM samples) and Lactobacillus (cecum GF samples) with body weight and weight gain was found (p < 0.05). Moreover, Escherichia-Shigella in the cecum of NM was significantly correlated with weight gain (p < 0.05). The most abundant genera identified in the jejunal and cecal contents of GF were generally beneficial microbiota. They may also play a role in reducing the pathogenic effects of Escherichia coli in these rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M Abdel-Kafy
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
| | - Kamel I Kamel
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Via f.lli Cervi, 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Shama H A Morsy
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Via Einstein s/n, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Shereen S Ghoneim
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Neama I Ali
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Yasmein Z Abdel-Ghafar
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
| | - Wael A H Ali
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
| | - Hoda M A Shabaan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
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7
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Agradi S, Cremonesi P, Menchetti L, Balzaretti C, Severgnini M, Riva F, Castiglioni B, Draghi S, Di Giancamillo A, Castrica M, Vigo D, Modina SC, Serra V, Quattrone A, Angelucci E, Pastorelli G, Curone G, Brecchia G. Bovine Colostrum Supplementation Modulates the Intestinal Microbial Community in Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060976. [PMID: 36978517 PMCID: PMC10044174 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BC is a nutraceutical that can modulate intestinal microbiota. This study investigates the effects of BC diet supplementation on luminal and mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum, caecum, and colon of rabbits. Twenty-one New Zealand White female rabbits were divided into three experimental groups (n = 7) receiving a commercial feed (CTRL group) and the same diet supplemented with 2.5% and 5% BC (2.5% BC and 5% BC groups, respectively), from 35 (weaning) to 90 days of age (slaughtering). At slaughter, the digestive tract was removed from each animal, then both content and mucosa-associated microbiota of jejunum, caecum, and colon were collected and analysed by Next Generation 16SrRNA Gene Sequencing. Significant differences were found in the microbial composition of the three groups (i.e., beta-diversity: p < 0.01), especially in the caecum and colon of the 2.5% BC group. The relative abundance analysis showed that the families most affected by the BC administration were Clostridia UCG-014, Barnesiellaceae, and Eggerthellaceae. A trend was also found for Lachnospiraceae, Akkermansiaceae, and Bacteroidaceae. A functional prediction has revealed several altered pathways in BC groups, with particular reference to amino acids and lactose metabolism. Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio decreased in caecum luminal samples of the 2.5% BC group. These findings suggest that BC supplementation could positively affect the intestinal microbiota. However, further research is needed to establish the optimal administration dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Agradi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), U.O.S. di Lodi, Via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Laura Menchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Claudia Balzaretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Councili (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), U.O.S. di Lodi, Via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Susanna Draghi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Castrica
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Silvia Clotilde Modina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Alda Quattrone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Angelucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Grazia Pastorelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Giulio Curone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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8
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Castrica M, Menchetti L, Agradi S, Curone G, Vigo D, Pastorelli G, Di Giancamillo A, Modina SC, Riva F, Serra V, Miraglia D, Andoni E, Brecchia G, Balzaretti CM. Effect of Bovine Colostrum Dietary Supplementation on Rabbit Meat Quality. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213433. [PMID: 36360047 PMCID: PMC9656194 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum (BC) is rich in nutrients, antimicrobial, and antioxidant factors; for these reasons, it has been used as supplement in animal nutrition. However, its possible effects on meat quality have not been studied yet. Thirty-nine New Zealand White rabbits (n = 13/group) were assigned to three groups and fed until slaughter with a commercial standard diet, control group (C), and C supplemented with 2.5% and 5% (w/w) of BC (BC-2.5 and BC-5 groups, respectively). After slaughtering, the effect of dietary supplementation on microbiological and chemical characteristics of the rabbit loins was evaluated at 48 h postmortem (D0) and after 3 (D3) and 8 (D8) days of refrigerated storage. Results showed no difference in the microbiological parameters. In the supplemented groups, TBARS and TVBN values were lower and higher than in the C group, respectively (p < 0.01), and their fatty-acid profile was increased in SFA and decreased in MUFA (p < 0.05). In conclusion, research must continue to examine in depth the possible effects of BC byproduct reuse in animal nutrition on meat quality (e.g., antioxidant power, and physical and sensory characteristics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Castrica
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Laura Menchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Stella Agradi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Giulio Curone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Grazia Pastorelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Clotilde Modina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Dino Miraglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Egon Andoni
- Veterinary Faculty of Tirana, Department of Public Health, Agricultural University of Tirana, Rr Pajsi Vodica, Koder-Kamez, 1029 Tirana, Albania
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Balzaretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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A Paternal Fish Oil Diet Preconception Modulates the Gut Microbiome and Attenuates Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonatal Mice. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060390. [PMID: 35736193 PMCID: PMC9230221 DOI: 10.3390/md20060390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology and animal studies suggest that a paternal history of toxicant exposure contributes to the developmental origins of health and disease. Using a mouse model, our laboratory previously reported that a paternal history of in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) increased his offspring’s risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Additionally, our group and others have found that formula supplementation also increases the risk of NEC in both humans and mice. Our murine studies revealed that intervening with a paternal fish oil diet preconception eliminated the TCDD-associated outcomes that are risk factors for NEC (e.g., intrauterine growth restriction, delayed postnatal growth, and preterm birth). However, the efficacy of a paternal fish oil diet in eliminating the risk of disease development in his offspring was not investigated. Herein, reproductive-age male mice exposed to TCDD in utero were weaned to a standard or fish oil diet for one full cycle of spermatogenesis, then mated to age-matched unexposed females. Their offspring were randomized to a strict maternal milk diet or a supplemental formula diet from postnatal days 7–10. Offspring colon contents and intestines were collected to determine the onset of gut dysbiosis and NEC. We found that a paternal fish oil diet preconception reduced his offspring’s risk of toxicant-driven NEC, which was associated with a decrease in the relative abundance of the Firmicutes phylum, but an increase in the relative abundance of the Negativicutes class.
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