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Costantino V, Principe L, Mehat J, Busetti M, Piccirilli A, Perilli M, Luzzati R, Zerbato V, Meliadò A, La Ragione R, Di Bella S. Synergistic Activity of Temocillin and Fosfomycin Combination against KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:526. [PMID: 38927192 PMCID: PMC11200827 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by KPC-producing K. pneumoniae continue to pose a significant clinical challenge due to their emerging resistance to new antimicrobials. We investigated the association between two drugs whose roles have been repurposed against multidrug-resistant bacteria: fosfomycin and temocillin. Temocillin exhibits unusual stability against KPC enzymes, while fosfomycin acts as a potent "synergizer". We conducted in vitro antimicrobial activity studies on 100 clinical isolates of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae using a combination of fosfomycin and temocillin. The results demonstrated synergistic activity in 91% of the isolates. Subsequently, we assessed the effect on Galleria mellonella larvae using five genetically different KPC-Kp isolates. The addition of fosfomycin to temocillin increased larvae survival from 73 to 97% (+Δ 32%; isolate 1), from 93 to 100% (+Δ 7%; isolate 2), from 63 to 86% (+Δ 36%; isolate 3), from 63 to 90% (+Δ 42%; isolate 4), and from 93 to 97% (+Δ 4%; isolate 10). Among the temocillin-resistant KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates (24 isolates), the addition of fosfomycin reduced temocillin MIC values below the resistance breakpoint in all isolates except one. Temocillin combined with fosfomycin emerges as a promising combination against KPC-producing K. pneumoniae, warranting further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Costantino
- Microbiology Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34128 Trieste, Italy; (V.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Luigi Principe
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89128 Reggio di Calabria, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Jai Mehat
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (J.M.); (R.L.R.)
| | - Marina Busetti
- Microbiology Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34128 Trieste, Italy; (V.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Piccirilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariagrazia Perilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Verena Zerbato
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34125 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Antonietta Meliadò
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89128 Reggio di Calabria, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (J.M.); (R.L.R.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy;
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Di Cecco C, Monticelli J, Di Bella S, Di Maso V, Luzzati R. Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus bloodstream infection successfully managed with oritavancin and fosfomycin as sequential treatment. J Chemother 2024; 36:31-34. [PMID: 37602423 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2247205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Bloodstream infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci are increasingly reported and a consensus therapy does not exist. Oritavancin has shown good antimicrobial activity against VRE, but its use is mainly limited to skin, soft tissue, and/or bone infections. Fosfomycin is increasingly used for enterococcal infections (including bloodstream infections and endocarditis) as a partner drug given its anti-biofilm and synergistic properties. Recently in vitro and in vivo synergism between oritavancin and fosfomycin against VRE isolates has been demonstrated. Herein we report the case of a hematologic patient with a VRE bloodstream infection successfully treated with oritavancin and fosfomycin as sequential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Di Cecco
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Jacopo Monticelli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department on Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vittorio Di Maso
- Nephrology Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Clinical Department on Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
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Chi J, Li Y, Zhang N, Liu H, Chen Z, Li J, Huang X. Fosfomycin Enhances the Inhibition Ability of Linezolid Against Biofilms of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium in vitro. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7707-7719. [PMID: 38144225 PMCID: PMC10748582 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s428485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We explored the inhibition ability of linezolid/fosfomycin combination against biofilms of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) and tried to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of VREfm biofilm-associated infections. Methods Four clinical isolates of VREfm (No.2, No.4, No.5, and No.6) were used for this study, which were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The checkerboard method was used to assess the synergistic effect of linezolid and fosfomycin. The inhibition ability of biofilm biomass was evaluated by crystal violet staining, and the metabolic activity was tested by an Alamar blue cell viability assay. Changes in biofilm formation-related genes of the strains after incubating with drugs were investigated via the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed that linezolid combined with fosfomycin had a synergistic effect on all four VREfm isolates. Compared with linezolid monotherapy, linezolid combined with fosfomycin led to a significant decrease in biofilm biomass and metabolic activity, especially in the mature biofilm. The results of RT-qPCR showed linezolid combined with fosfomycin inhibition biofilm formation through the inhibition of cylA, ebpA, and gelE transcription in VREfm in the initial and mature stages. To the mature biofilm, the combination also reduced the expression of asa1, atlA, and esp. Conclusion The combination of linezolid and fosfomycin represented stronger inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation of VREfm than linezolid alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongling Municipal Hospital, Tongling, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongling Municipal Hospital, Tongling, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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Oliva A, Cogliati Dezza F, Cancelli F, Curtolo A, Falletta A, Volpicelli L, Venditti M. New Antimicrobials and New Therapy Strategies for Endocarditis: Weapons That Should Be Defended. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7693. [PMID: 38137762 PMCID: PMC10743892 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall low-quality evidence concerning the clinical benefits of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (IE), which has made it difficult to strongly support or reject any regimen of antibiotic therapy, has led to a discrepancy between the available guidelines and clinical practice. In this complex scenario, very recently published guidelines have attempted to fill this gap. Indeed, in recent years several antimicrobials have entered the market, including ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, and the long-acting lipoglycopeptides dalbavancin and oritavancin. Despite being approved for different indications, real-world data on their use for the treatment of IE, alone or in combination, has accumulated over time. Furthermore, an old antibiotic, fosfomycin, has gained renewed interest for the treatment of complicated infections such as IE. In this narrative review, we focused on new antimicrobials and therapeutic strategies that we believe may provide important contributions to the advancement of Gram-positive IE treatment, providing a summary of the current in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence supporting their use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Oliva
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.D.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (A.F.); (L.V.); (M.V.)
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Hałasa R, Bułakowska A, Sławiński J, Smoktunowicz M, Rapacka-Zdończyk A, Mizerska U. Activity of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives with 4-Chloro-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide Moiety against Clinical HLAR and VRE Enterococcus spp. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1691. [PMID: 38136725 PMCID: PMC10741072 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in strains that are resistant to antibiotics requires new active compounds to be found whose mechanism of action on bacteria is different to those that are currently known. Of particular interest are compounds that occur in plants as secondary metabolites. The focus of this study concerns the examination of the effects of synthetic cinnamic acid derivatives, with 4-chloro-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide moiety on Enterococcus spp. with HLAR (high-level aminoglycoside resistance) and VRE (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus) mechanisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the tested compounds were determined using the serial dilution method for Enterococcus spp. groups, and the most active compounds were as follows: 16d, 17c, 16a, 16c and 16f (2-4 µg/mL). These compounds, at a concentration of 4 × MIC, inhibited the biofilm formation of HLAR strains (70 to 94%). At concentrations of 2 × MIC and 4 × MIC, they also inhibited the growth of VRE strains (42 to 96%). The best effect produced on the formed biofilm was demonstrated by compound 16f (from 62% MIC concentration to 89% 4 × MIC concentration) on the tested HLAR strains. In vitro studies, using the peripheral blood of domestic sheep, demonstrated the stable bacteriostatic activity of the tested compounds against Enterococcus spp. The compounds 16a, 16c, 16d, 16f and 17c showed synergism and additivity with ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin and vancomycin against resistant strains of Enterococcus spp. The tested compounds, when combined, reduce the MIC for antibiotics by 800 to 10,000 times for HLAR strains and by 8 to 10,000 times for VRE strains. The MIC of the tested compounds, in combination with antibiotics, is reduced 2-16-fold for HLAR strains and 2-32-fold for VRE strains. These studies demonstrate the potential for the therapeutic use of synthetic, cinnamic acid derivatives, with 4-chloro-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide moiety, to work against clinical strains of Enterococcus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Hałasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.); (A.R.-Z.)
| | - Anita Bułakowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jarosław Sławiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Magdalena Smoktunowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.); (A.R.-Z.)
| | - Aleksandra Rapacka-Zdończyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.); (A.R.-Z.)
| | - Urszula Mizerska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Department of Polymeric Nano-Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland;
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Wei M, Wang P, Li T, Wang Q, Su M, Gu L, Wang S. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of essential fatty acids against clinically isolated vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1266674. [PMID: 37842001 PMCID: PMC10570806 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1266674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterococcus faecium is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, which has become a serious public health concern. The increasing incidence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE-fm) raises an urgent need to find new antimicrobial agents as a complement to traditional antibiotics. The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of essential fatty acids (EFAs) against VRE-fm, and further explore the molecular mechanism of the antibiofilm activity of EFAs. Method The microdilution broth method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing with traditional antibiotics and EFAs, including α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linoleic acid (LOA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA), and arachidonic acid (AA). The effect of EFAs on cell morphology of VRE-fm was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The crystal violet method was used to evaluate the antibiofilm activities of EFAs against VRE-fm. Furthermore, the expression of biofilm-related genes (acm, atlA, esp, and sagA) of VRE-fm isolates under the action of GLA was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. Results VRE-fm isolates were highly resistant to most traditional antibiotics, only highly susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin (90.0%), tigecycline (100%), and linezolid (100%). EPA, DHA, and GLA exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity. The MIC50/90 of EPA, DHA, and GLA were 0.5/1, 0.25/0.5, and 0.5/1 mM, respectively. SEM imaging showed that strain V27 adsorbed a large number of DHA molecules. Furthermore, all EFAs exhibited excellent inhibition and eradication activities against VRE-fm biofilms. The biofilm inhibition rates of EFAs ranged from 45.3% to 58.0%, and eradication rates ranged from 54.1% to 63.4%, against 6 VRE-fm isolates with moderate biofilm formation ability. GLA exhibited remarkable antibiofilm activity against VRE-fm isolates. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that GLA could significantly down-regulate the expression of the atlA gene (P < 0.01) of VRE-fm. Conclusion DHA showed the strongest antibacterial activity, while GLA showed the strongest antibiofilm effect among the EFAs with antibacterial activity. Our novel findings indicate that the antibiofilm activity of GLA may be through down-regulating the atlA gene expression in VRE-fm. Therefore, DHA and GLA had the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents to treat infections related to multiple antimicrobial-resistant E. faecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianmeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangyi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingze Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Carcione D, Intra J, Andriani L, Campanile F, Gona F, Carletti S, Mancini N, Brigante G, Cattaneo D, Baldelli S, Chisari M, Piccirilli A, Di Bella S, Principe L. New Antimicrobials for Gram-Positive Sustained Infections: A Comprehensive Guide for Clinicians. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1304. [PMID: 37765112 PMCID: PMC10536666 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem with increasingly alarming data being reported. Gram-positive bacteria are among the protagonists of severe nosocomial and community infections. The objective of this review is to conduct an extensive examination of emerging treatments for Gram-positive infections including ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, dalbavancin, oritavancin, omadacycline, tedizolid, and delafloxacin. From a methodological standpoint, a comprehensive analysis on clinical trials, molecular structure, mechanism of action, microbiological targeting, clinical use, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic features, and potential for therapeutic drug monitoring will be addressed. Each antibiotic paragraph is divided into specialized microbiological, clinical, and pharmacological sections, including detailed and appropriate tables. A better understanding of the latest promising advances in the field of therapeutic options could lead to the development of a better approach in managing antimicrobial therapy for multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, which increasingly needs to be better stratified and targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Carcione
- Laboratory of Medicine and Microbiology, Busto Arsizio Hospital—ASST Valle Olona, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy; (D.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Jari Intra
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy;
| | - Lilia Andriani
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Hospital of Sondrio, 23100 Sondrio, Italy;
| | - Floriana Campanile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Floriana Gona
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Carletti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione Macchi University Hospital, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gioconda Brigante
- Laboratory of Medicine and Microbiology, Busto Arsizio Hospital—ASST Valle Olona, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy; (D.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Dario Cattaneo
- Department of Infectious Diseases ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sara Baldelli
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Mattia Chisari
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Piccirilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Luigi Principe
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
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Bugyna L, Kendra S, Bujdáková H. Galleria mellonella-A Model for the Study of aPDT-Prospects and Drawbacks. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1455. [PMID: 37374956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Galleria mellonella is a promising in vivo model insect used for microbiological, medical, and pharmacological research. It provides a platform for testing the biocompatibility of various compounds and the kinetics of survival after an infection followed by subsequent treatment, and for the evaluation of various parameters during treatment, including the host-pathogen interaction. There are some similarities in the development of pathologies with mammals. However, a limitation is the lack of adaptive immune response. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an alternative approach for combating microbial infections, including biofilm-associated ones. aPDT is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, regardless of whether they are resistant to conventional treatment. The main idea of this comprehensive review was to collect information on the use of G. mellonella in aPDT. It provides a collection of references published in the last 10 years from this area of research, complemented by some practical experiences of the authors of this review. Additionally, the review summarizes in brief information on the G. mellonella model, its advantages and methods used in the processing of material from these larvae, as well as basic knowledge of the principles of aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Bugyna
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Samuel Kendra
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Bujdáková
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Lupia T, De Benedetto I, Bosio R, Shbaklo N, De Rosa FG, Corcione S. Role of Oritavancin in the Treatment of Infective Endocarditis, Catheter- or Device-Related Infections, Bloodstream Infections, and Bone and Prosthetic Joint Infections in Humans: Narrative Review and Possible Developments. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040959. [PMID: 37109488 PMCID: PMC10143027 DOI: 10.3390/life13040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oritavancin is a long-acting lipoglycopeptide with in vitro activity against Gram-positive pathogens, as well as good bactericidal activity and sterilisation ability in biofilm. It has been approved for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI), but recent reports have demonstrated possible off-label uses, such as for vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), deep-seated infections including those involving prosthetic material and invasive infections. The aim of this work is to review the uses of oritavancin outside of ABSSSI, focusing on its real-life applications on infective endocarditis, catheter- or device-related infections, bloodstream infections, and bone and prosthetic joint infections in humans, as well as possible future applications. We performed a narrative review, collecting the literature published between 1 December 2002 and 1 November 2022 on PubMed and the Cochrane Library using the term 'oritavancin'. Available studies have shown how effective it is in different settings, suggesting an opportunity for step-down strategies or outpatient management of infections requiring a long duration of antibiotic treatment. So far, evidence is still scarce, and limited to a few studies and case reports, mostly focusing on Staphylococcus aureus as the major isolate. Concerns about fluid intake for dilution and interaction with coagulation markers also need to be taken into account. Further studies are required in order to assess the safety and effectiveness of Oritavancin in vascular, prosthetic, or device-related infections, as well as in resistant Gram-positive bacteria or enterococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lupia
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Cardinal Massaia, 14100 Asti, Italy
| | - Ilaria De Benedetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Bosio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Nour Shbaklo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Cardinal Massaia, 14100 Asti, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Corcione
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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