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Kumar A, Taneja A, Pal Singh Y, Pratap Singh G, Jain S, Jain S. Relationship Between COVID-19 and Linezolid-Resistant Enterococci: A Retrospective Single-Center Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e57227. [PMID: 38686228 PMCID: PMC11056609 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the correlation between whether the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be a great premise for increasing the incidence of linezolid resistance infections. MATERIALS AND METHOD The current retrospective study included data from March 2018 to March 2023 from a single center. The clinical records of the patients were reviewed to extract clinical data. Data gathered from medical records included demographic information, the type of specimen taken, the organism identified, and its sensitivity. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and bacterial identification are both done using the fully automated VITEK system. RESULTS The total number of samples collected in all the groups, i.e., Group 1 (PRE-COVID), Group 2 (COVID), and Group 3 (POST-COVID), were 201, 127, and 1315, respectively. Out of a total of 201 samples in Group 1, i.e., from March 2018 to February 2020, 47 (23.38%) samples were collected from blood, 104 (51.74%) samples were collected from urine, and the rest of the samples were collected from other sources (pus, sputum, wound, stool, pleural fluid, etc.). In Group 2, i.e., from March 2020 to February 2021, the total number of samples collected was 127, of which 21 were collected from blood, 86 were from urine, and the remaining 20 samples were from other sources. A total of 1315 samples were collected between March 2021 and February 2023, i.e., in Group 3, 598 samples were collected from blood and 548 samples from urine. The most common isolates in the study were Enterococcus faecalis (35.7%) and Enterococcus faecium (61.0%). CONCLUSION A new threat seems to be emerging in the era of COVID-19, the Enterococcus genus. Though the mechanism remains unidentified, the viral infection seems to cause changes in the bacterial flora, favoring Enterococcus and increasing gut permeability, which provides the perfect environment for Enterococcus bacteria to develop invasive infections. In our study, the prevalence of linezolid resistance was 18.2% for five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Kumar
- Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Delhi, IND
| | - Akhil Taneja
- Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Delhi, IND
| | | | | | - Saurabh Jain
- Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Delhi, IND
| | - Suchitra Jain
- Microbiology, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Delhi, IND
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Nair P, Sankar S, Neelusree P. Study on Biofilm Formation Among Enterococcus Isolates and Association With Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns. Cureus 2024; 16:e53594. [PMID: 38449981 PMCID: PMC10915696 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococci are a part of the normal intestinal flora of humans. They have emerged as one of the leading causes of nosocomial infection. The evolved antibiotic resistance mechanisms coupled with the virulence properties of enterococci have made it a successful pathogen. Aim This study aimed to determine the ability of biofilm formation among the clinical enterococci isolates and the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the strains. Materials and methods Clinical samples of patients who attended Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India, over six months. Identification and characterization of Enterococcus species were done using various biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns for each isolate were performed using the Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. Results The formation of biofilm formation was detected using the microtiter plate method. In total, 90 Enterococcus species were isolated; Enterococcus faecalis were 63 (70%), Enterococcus faecium were 25 (28%) and Enterococcus gallinarum were 2 (2%)independently. E. faecalis displayed advanced resistance rates compared to other Enterococcus species. Resistance against penicillin was found in 42 strains (47%) and resistance to ampicillin was observed in 39 strains (43%). This was followed by resistance to high-level gentamicin in 35 strains (39%) and resistance to ciprofloxacin in 32 strains (36%). Resistance to vancomycin and linezolid also were noted in some strains. Conclusion Our results indicate that E. faecalis exhibits an increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance but lower biofilm conformation. The unique traits of E. faecalis raise concerns for the associated infections, especially hospital-acquired infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Nair
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sathish Sankar
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - P Neelusree
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Minoretti P, Liaño Riera M, Santiago Sáez A, Gómez Serrano M, García Martín Á. Probiotic Supplementation With Saccharomyces boulardii and Enterococcus faecium Improves Gastric Pain and Bloating in Airline Pilots With Chronic Non-atrophic Gastritis: An Open-Label Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52502. [PMID: 38371107 PMCID: PMC10870090 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Commercial airline pilots (APs) are prone to upper gastrointestinal symptoms, such as epigastric pain and bloating. These issues are often linked to occupational risk factors like irregular diet, sleep disruption, and circadian rhythm disturbance. The use of probiotics to enhance intestinal health is well established, but their efficacy in treating upper gastrointestinal diseases is still debated. This is primarily due to the stomach's small resident microbiota and its low pH, which is inhospitable to most microbes. However, emerging research suggests that specific probiotic strains, such as Enterococcus faecium, can withstand acidic environments. Moreover, certain yeast species, including Saccharomyces boulardii, can survive at a low pH. Consequently, we conducted a preliminary, three-arm, randomized, open-label, dose-finding, four-week study to compare the effects of watchful waiting (WW) with the administration of an oral probiotic supplement containing S. boulardii and E. faecium in APs diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori-negative chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNG). Methods The study included 39 APs with CNG who were randomized into three groups with a 1:1:1 ratio. The low-dose group (n = 13) received one capsule of the probiotic supplement twice daily, before meals, for four weeks. The high-dose group (n = 13) was administered two capsules of the supplement on the same schedule. The third group (n = 13) underwent WW and served as the control arm. Blinding was maintained for the examining physicians and laboratory staff, but not for the patients. All participants self-rated their experiences of gastric pain and bloating at the beginning and conclusion of the four-week treatment period. Additionally, serum levels of pepsinogen I (PGI) and pepsinogen II (PGII) were measured at these time points. Results Supplementation with probiotics significantly outperformed WW in reducing subjective gastric pain and bloating. This effect was consistent across both tested dosages, with no significant differences observed. However, only high-dose probiotics led to a statistically significant decrease in PGII levels and an increase in the PGI/PGII ratio after the four-week study period, a result not observed with low-dose probiotics. Conclusions Oral administration of S. boulardii and E. faecium demonstrated potential efficacy in reducing gastric pain and bloating symptoms in APs with CNG, as evidenced by statistically significant symptom improvement compared to the control group that did not receive the probiotic supplementation. Notably, high-dose probiotics resulted in a significant increase in the PGI/PGII ratio, indicating potential long-term cytoprotective effects on the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miryam Liaño Riera
- Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, ESP
| | - Andrés Santiago Sáez
- Legal Medicine, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, ESP
- Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, ESP
| | - Manuel Gómez Serrano
- Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, ESP
| | - Ángel García Martín
- Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, ESP
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Rei KM, Reddy V, Andraos C, Brazdzionis J, Siddiqi J. Catheter-Associated Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Ventriculitis and Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumonia With Subsequent Acinetobacter Ventriculitis: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e49058. [PMID: 38116362 PMCID: PMC10730152 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventriculitis is associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, and rare microorganisms associated with infection include vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) faecium and Acinetobacter baumannii. Both organisms are known to cause nosocomial infections, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains presents a treatment challenge. There is a lack of consensus on antimicrobial agent selection for ventriculitis involving VRE faecium or MDR A. baumannii, which are life-threatening conditions. We present a case of a 59-year-old male presenting with CSF catheter-associated VRE faecium ventriculitis and MDR A. baumannii pneumonia who subsequently developed a nosocomial MDR A. baumannii ventriculitis. Both instances of ventriculitis were successfully treated with combination antibiotic therapy. VRE faecium ventriculitis was successfully treated with linezolid and intrathecal daptomycin. While daptomycin is not approved for Enterococcal infections, the synergistic effect of daptomycin in combination with linezolid proved effective. Although the MDR A. baumannii pneumonia was not cured with cefiderocol monotherapy, the MDR A. baumannii ventriculitis was successfully treated with combination therapy including cefiderocol, ampicillin/sulbactam, and intrathecal colistin. This highlights life-saving combination antibiotic therapies for ventriculitis caused by multiple rare and drug-resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Rei
- Neurosurgery, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
| | - Vedhika Reddy
- Neurosurgery, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
| | | | - James Brazdzionis
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Javed Siddiqi
- Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, USA
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
- Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, USA
- Neurosurgery, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
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Wei M, Wang P, Li T, Wang Q, Su M, Gu L, Wang S. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of essential fatty acids against clinically isolated vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1266674. [PMID: 37842001 PMCID: PMC10570806 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1266674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterococcus faecium is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, which has become a serious public health concern. The increasing incidence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE-fm) raises an urgent need to find new antimicrobial agents as a complement to traditional antibiotics. The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of essential fatty acids (EFAs) against VRE-fm, and further explore the molecular mechanism of the antibiofilm activity of EFAs. Method The microdilution broth method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing with traditional antibiotics and EFAs, including α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linoleic acid (LOA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA), and arachidonic acid (AA). The effect of EFAs on cell morphology of VRE-fm was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The crystal violet method was used to evaluate the antibiofilm activities of EFAs against VRE-fm. Furthermore, the expression of biofilm-related genes (acm, atlA, esp, and sagA) of VRE-fm isolates under the action of GLA was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. Results VRE-fm isolates were highly resistant to most traditional antibiotics, only highly susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin (90.0%), tigecycline (100%), and linezolid (100%). EPA, DHA, and GLA exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity. The MIC50/90 of EPA, DHA, and GLA were 0.5/1, 0.25/0.5, and 0.5/1 mM, respectively. SEM imaging showed that strain V27 adsorbed a large number of DHA molecules. Furthermore, all EFAs exhibited excellent inhibition and eradication activities against VRE-fm biofilms. The biofilm inhibition rates of EFAs ranged from 45.3% to 58.0%, and eradication rates ranged from 54.1% to 63.4%, against 6 VRE-fm isolates with moderate biofilm formation ability. GLA exhibited remarkable antibiofilm activity against VRE-fm isolates. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that GLA could significantly down-regulate the expression of the atlA gene (P < 0.01) of VRE-fm. Conclusion DHA showed the strongest antibacterial activity, while GLA showed the strongest antibiofilm effect among the EFAs with antibacterial activity. Our novel findings indicate that the antibiofilm activity of GLA may be through down-regulating the atlA gene expression in VRE-fm. Therefore, DHA and GLA had the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents to treat infections related to multiple antimicrobial-resistant E. faecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianmeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangyi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingze Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Alhassan HH, Alruwaili YS, Alzarea SI, Alruwaili M, Alsaidan OA, Alzarea AI, Manni E, Tahir Ul Qamar M. Identification and dynamics of novel scaffolds against Enterococcus faecium serine hydroxymethyltransferase enzyme: a potential target for antibiotics development. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37713363 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2257313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase enzyme is a significant player in purine, thymidylate, and L-serine biosynthesis and has been tagged as a potential target for cancer, viruses, and parasites. However, this enzyme as an anti-bacterial druggable target has not been explored much. Herein, in this work, different computational chemistry and biophysics techniques were applied to identify potential computational predicted inhibitory molecules against Enterococcus faecium serine hydroxymethyltransferase enzyme. By structure based virtual screening process of ASINEX antibacterial library against the enzyme two main compounds: Top-1_BDC_21204033 and Top-2_BDC_20700155 were reported as best binding molecules. The Top-1_BDC_21204033 and Top-2_BDC_20700155 binding energy value is -9.3 and -8.9 kcal/mol, respectively. The control molecule binding energy score is -6.55 kcal/mol. The mean RMSD of Top-1-BDC_21204033, Top-2-BDC_20700155 and control is 3.7 Å (maximum 5.03 Å), 1.7 Å (maximum 3.05 Å), and 3.84 Å (maximum of 6.7 Å), respectively. During the simulation time, the intermolecular docked conformation and interactions were seen stable despite of few small jumps by the compounds/control, responsible for high RMSD in some frames. The MM/GBSA and MM/PBSA binding free energy of lead Top-2-BDC_20700155 complex is -79.52 and -82.63 kcal/mol, respectively. This complex was seen as the most stable compared to the control. Furthermore, the lead molecules and control showed good druglikeness and pharmacokinetics profile. The lead molecules were non-toxic and non-mutagenic. In short, the compounds are promising in terms of binding to the serine hydroxymethyltransferase enzyme and need to be subjected to experimental studies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan H Alhassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir S Alruwaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muharib Alruwaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alzarea
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Manni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia
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Men G, Wang L, Lu X, Wen G, Lü Q. Can Enterococcus faecium prevent NEC in preterm infants?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34787. [PMID: 37565851 PMCID: PMC10419755 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous some systematic reviews reported that probiotics may benefit the prevention of NEC in preterm infants. But dissimilar bacterial strains and taxa used in included studies possibly result in bias. There is not a rounded systematic review which has estimated the benefit and safety of Enterococcus faecium to prevent NEC in preterm infants to date before we conducted. METHODS This systematic review of randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies analyzing the benefit of Enterococcus faecium to prevent NEC in preterm infants was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Wanfang data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from inception to April 14, 2023. The search terms were "preterm" AND "necrotizing enterocolitis" AND "Enterococcus faecium OR probiotics." Studies reporting NEC involving preterm infants who were given Enterococcus faecium were included in this systematic review. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the stability of results. A funnel plot was generated to identify publication bias. Two authors appraised studies quality and extracted data independently. This work has been reported according with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and assessing the methodological quality of systematic reviews. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software. Risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated and analyzed. RESULTS Seven studies (N = 1487 participants) were included in this systematic review, and 6 randomized, controlled trials (N = 1237 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing with the control groups, the Enterococcus faecium groups had a significant decline in the incidence of NEC Bell stage II or higher (RR: 0.3138, 95% CI: 0.1983-0.4965; P < .00001; 6 studies, n = 1237) and infection (RR: 0.4818, 95% CI: 0.2950-0.7869; P = .004; 3 studies, n = 710). CONCLUSIONS Enterococcus faecium is effective and safe in preventing NEC (Bell stage II or higher) in preterm infants. But all studies included came from China. The dosages and durations of taking Enterococcus faecium were various.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangguo Men
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Dong’e Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xudan Lu
- Department of Neonatology, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Gang Wen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qin Lü
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Brown MR, Boster JM, Goertzen SM, Morris MJ, Manninen ES. Enterococcus faecium Empyema Following Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Cureus 2023; 15:e42789. [PMID: 37664261 PMCID: PMC10469799 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A 33-year-old male with severe COVID-19 required prolonged veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Following decannulation, he developed an Enterococcus faecium empyema. Tube thoracostomy and broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated, followed by an unsuccessful attempt at pleural irrigation with saline, given the patient had an increased risk of bleeding due to the concomitant requirement for systemic anticoagulation. Subsequently, intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and recombinant human Dornase alfa (DNase) were safely administered with the resolution of empyema. Enterococcus faecium is an uncommon cause of pleural empyema and, to our knowledge, has not previously been reported to be associated with COVID-19 or ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Brown
- Internal Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, USA
| | - Joshua M Boster
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, USA
| | - Stephen M Goertzen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, USA
| | - Michael J Morris
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, USA
| | - Erik S Manninen
- Critical Care Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, USA
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Kumar D, Mehrishi P, Faujdar SS, Chaudhary BL, Panwar S. Status of Biofilm Production and Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus in the Rural Population of Mathura, India. Cureus 2023; 15:e43351. [PMID: 37701006 PMCID: PMC10493460 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hospital-acquired or nosocomial infections caused by the rapidly emerging bacteria vancomycin-resistant enterococci can be dangerous and even fatal. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of enterococci in various clinical specimens along with their vancomycin resistance status and biofilm-producing capabilities. Methods A total of 164 Enterococcus species were isolated and further included in this study. Isolation and identification were done by the standard bacteriological procedure, antibiotic susceptibility testingwas done by clinical laboratory standard guidelines, and biofilm production test was done by microtiter plate methods. Results Among the total of 164 isolates, Enterococcus faecalis constituted 60.97% and Enterococcus faecium constituted 39.02%. Maximum isolates were from urine samples. The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was 6.70%, and 18.29% of Enterococcus isolates were biofilm producers. The sensitivity among the biofilm producers was maximum for linezolid (87.33%), followed by teicoplanin (86.43%) and vancomycin (79.64%). Conclusion High prevalence of enterococci was found in urine samples and biofilm producers Enterococcus isolates were more antibiotic-resistant than non-biofilm producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Microbiology, Krishna Mohan Medical College & Hospital, Mathura, IND
| | - Priya Mehrishi
- Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Solan, IND
| | | | | | - Sonu Panwar
- Microbiology, Krishna Mohan Medical College & Hospital, Mathura, IND
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Kwentoh I, Henry T. Look Beyond Syncope: A Positive Outcome in the Management of Multiple Bladder Diverticuli-Associated Enterococcus faecium Urinary Tract Infection. Cureus 2023; 15:e42361. [PMID: 37525864 PMCID: PMC10387183 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive flora bacterium home to the gastrointestinal tracts of humans. A true ubiquitous pathogen and a member of the intestinal microbiome, formerly known as group D streptococci, this pathogen has been around for over 10 centuries. Enterococcus faecium thrives in the presence of stool and sewage. The ability to cause endocarditis and urinary tract infections (UTIs) has led to morbidity and mortality in the adult population. We report a case of an elderly woman who presented with multiple falls to our trauma bay area. She was initially managed as trauma during multiple visits with superficial scalp lacerations. However, with multiple falls, she was subsequently transferred to medicine to rule out cardiogenic versus neurogenic syncope. She was admitted to the telemetry unit, and a cardiologist was consulted. Orthostatic vitals were negative, and she had no fever or leukocytosis. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) done as part of the standard trauma workup revealed an interesting finding of multiple bladder diverticula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Kwentoh
- Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Internal Medicine, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, USA
| | - Terrence Henry
- Internal Medicine, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, USA
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Echeverria-Esnal D, Sorli L, Navarrete-Rouco ME, Prim N, Barcelo-Vidal J, Conde-Estévez D, Montero MM, Martin-Ontiyuelo C, Horcajada JP, Grau S. Ampicillin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium bacteremia: a clinical narrative review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023. [PMID: 37294450 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2223977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enterococcus faecium is a commensal microorganism that can cause infections such as bacteremia. Incidence of ampicillin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (EfARSV) bacteremia is on the rise, and the mortality rate is high. Despite much data, the most appropriate treatment remains a question. AREAS COVERED This article mostly reviews the relevant aspects of EfARSV bacteremia: microbiology, gastrointestinal tract colonization and invasion, antibiotic resistance, epidemiology, risk factors, mortality, and treatment, including pharmacologic components of employed agents and related clinical evidence. A literature search was conducted on PubMed on 31 July 2022, which was updated on 15 November 2022. EXPERT OPINION EfARSV bacteremia presents high mortality. However, it is uncertain whether mortality is attributable to or a marker of severity/comorbidities. Considering its antibiotic resistance pattern, EfARSV is considered a difficult-to-treat microorganism. Glycopeptides have been used to treat EfARSV, with linezolid and daptomycin serving as potential alternative agents. Yet, the use of daptomycin is controversial due to a higher risk of treatment failures. Clinical evidence on this issue is scarce, unfortunately, and subject to many limitations. Despite increased incidence and mortality, EfARSV bacteremia presents multiple aspects to be addressed in well-conducted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Echeverria-Esnal
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Institut Hospital Del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Sorli
- Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Institut Hospital Del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21/13/00002 and CB21/13/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Prim
- Laboratori de Referència de, Department of Microbiology, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jaime Barcelo-Vidal
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Conde-Estévez
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Milagro Montero
- Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Institut Hospital Del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21/13/00002 and CB21/13/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Martin-Ontiyuelo
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Horcajada
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21/13/00002 and CB21/13/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Grau
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Institut Hospital Del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21/13/00002 and CB21/13/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Zhang S, Lebreton F, Mansfield MJ, Miyashita SI, Zhang J, Schwartzman JA, Tao L, Masuyer G, Martínez-Carranza M, Stenmark P, Gilmore MS, Doxey AC, Dong M. Identification of a Botulinum Neurotoxin-like Toxin in a Commensal Strain of Enterococcus faecium. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:169-176.e6. [PMID: 29396040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by various Clostridium strains, are a family of potent bacterial toxins and potential bioterrorism agents. Here we report that an Enterococcus faecium strain isolated from cow feces carries a BoNT-like toxin, designated BoNT/En. It cleaves both VAMP2 and SNAP-25, proteins that mediate synaptic vesicle exocytosis in neurons, at sites distinct from known BoNT cleavage sites on these two proteins. Comparative genomic analysis determines that the E. faecium strain carrying BoNT/En is a commensal type and that the BoNT/En gene is located within a typical BoNT gene cluster on a 206 kb putatively conjugative plasmid. Although the host species targeted by BoNT/En remains to be determined, these findings establish an extended member of BoNTs and demonstrate the capability of E. faecium, a commensal organism ubiquitous in humans and animals and a leading cause of hospital-acquired multi-drug-resistant (MDR) infections, to horizontally acquire, and possibly disseminate, a unique BoNT gene cluster.
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13
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Patti GJ, Chen J, Schaefer J, Gross ML. Characterization of structural variations in the peptidoglycan of vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium: understanding glycopeptide-antibiotic binding sites using mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2008; 19:1467-75. [PMID: 18692403 PMCID: PMC2613859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium, an opportunistic pathogen that causes a significant number of hospital-acquired infections each year, presents a serious clinical challenge because an increasing number of infections are resistant to the so-called antibiotic of last resort, vancomycin. Vancomycin and other new glycopeptide derivatives target the bacterial cell wall, thereby perturbing its biosynthesis. To help determine the modes of action of glycopeptide antibiotics, we have developed a bottom-up mass spectrometry approach complemented by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to elucidate important structural characteristics of vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium peptidoglycan. Using accurate-mass measurements and integrating ion-current chromatographic peaks of digested peptidoglycan, we identified individual muropeptide species and approximated the relative amount of each. Even though the organism investigated is susceptible to vancomycin, only 3% of the digested peptidoglycan has the well-known D-Ala-D-Ala vancomycin-binding site. The data are consistent with a previously proposed template model of cell-wall biosynthesis where D-Ala-D-Ala stems that are not cross-linked are cleaved in mature peptidoglycan. Additionally, our mass-spectrometry approach allowed differentiation and quantification of muropeptide species seen as unresolved chromatographic peaks. Our method provides an estimate of the extent of muropeptides containing O-acetylation, amidation, hydroxylation, and the number of species forming cyclic imides. The varieties of muropeptides on which the modifications are detected suggest that significant processing occurs in mature peptidoglycan where several enzymes are active in editing cell-wall structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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14
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Cremniter J, Mainardi JL, Josseaume N, Quincampoix JC, Dubost L, Hugonnet JE, Marie A, Gutmann L, Rice LB, Arthur M. Novel mechanism of resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics in Enterococcus faecium. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:32254-62. [PMID: 16943188 PMCID: PMC2084264 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606920200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycopeptides and beta-lactams are the major antibiotics available for the treatment of infections due to Gram-positive bacteria. Emergence of cross-resistance to these drugs by a single mechanism has been considered as unlikely because they inhibit peptidoglycan polymerization by different mechanisms. The glycopeptides bind to the peptidyl-D-Ala(4)-D-Ala(5) extremity of peptidoglycan precursors and block by steric hindrance the essential glycosyltransferase and D,D-transpeptidase activities of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The beta-lactams are structural analogues of D-Ala(4)-D-Ala(5) and act as suicide substrates of the D,D-transpeptidase module of the PBPs. Here we have shown that bypass of the PBPs by the recently described beta-lactam-insensitive L,D-transpeptidase from Enterococcus faecium (Ldt(fm)) can lead to high level resistance to glycopeptides and beta-lactams. Cross-resistance was selected by glycopeptides alone or serially by beta-lactams and glycopeptides. In the corresponding mutants, UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide was extensively converted to UDP-MurNAc-tetrapeptide following hydrolysis of D-Ala(5), thereby providing the substrate of Ldt(fm). Complete elimination of D-Ala(5), a residue essential for glycopeptide binding, was possible because Ldt(fm) uses the energy of the L-Lys(3)-D-Ala(4) peptide bond for cross-link formation in contrast to PBPs, which use the energy of the D-Ala(4)-D-Ala(5) bond. This novel mechanism of glycopeptide resistance was unrelated to the previously identified replacement of D-Ala(5) by D-Ser or D-lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Cremniter
- Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques
INSERM : U655IFR58Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VIUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris V15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine
75270 Paris Cedex 06,FR
| | - Jean-Luc Mainardi
- Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques
INSERM : U655IFR58Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VIUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris V15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine
75270 Paris Cedex 06,FR
- Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou
AP-HPFR
| | - Nathalie Josseaume
- Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques
INSERM : U655IFR58Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VIUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris V15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine
75270 Paris Cedex 06,FR
| | - Jean-Charles Quincampoix
- Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques
INSERM : U655IFR58Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VIUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris V15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine
75270 Paris Cedex 06,FR
- Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou
AP-HPFR
| | - Lionel Dubost
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles
CNRS : UMR5154Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle : USM502Département RDDM, rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris,FR
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Hugonnet
- Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques
INSERM : U655IFR58Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VIUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris V15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine
75270 Paris Cedex 06,FR
| | - Arul Marie
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles
CNRS : UMR5154Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle : USM502Département RDDM, rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris,FR
| | - Laurent Gutmann
- Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques
INSERM : U655IFR58Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VIUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris V15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine
75270 Paris Cedex 06,FR
- Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou
AP-HPFR
| | - Louis B. Rice
- Medical and Research Services
Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCleveland, Ohio 44106,US
| | - Michel Arthur
- Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques
INSERM : U655IFR58Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VIUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris V15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine
75270 Paris Cedex 06,FR
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15
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Lee K, Jang SJ, Lee HJ, Ryoo N, Kim M, Hong SG, Chong Y. Increasing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, expanded-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, and imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Korea: KONSAR study in 2001. J Korean Med Sci 2004; 19:8-14. [PMID: 14966334 PMCID: PMC2822269 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2004.19.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5th year KONSAR surveillance in 2001 was based on routine test data at 30 participating hospitals. It was of particular interest to find a trend in the resistances of enterococci to vancomycin, of Enterobacteriaceae to the 3rd generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone, and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacters to carbapenem. Resistance rates of Gram-positive cocci were: 70% of Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin; 88% and 16% of Enterococcus faecium to ampicillin and vancomycin, respectively. Seventy-two percent of pneumococci were nonsusceptible to penicillin. The resistance rates of Enterobacteriaceae were: Escherichia coli, 28% to fluoroquinolone; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 27% to ceftazidime, and 20% to cefoxitin; and Enterobacter cloacae, > or =40% to cefotaxime and ceftazidime. The resistance rates of P. aeruginosa were 21% to ceftazidime, 17% to imipenem, and those of the acinetobacters were > or =61% to ceftazidime, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolone and cotrimoxazole. Thirty-five percent of non-typhoidal salmonellae were ampicillin resistant, and 66% of Haemophilus influenzae were beta-lactamase producers. Notable changes over the 1997-2001 period were: increases in vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, and amikacin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant acinetobacters. With the increasing prevalence of resistant bacteria, nationwide surveillance has become more important for optimal patient management, for the control of nosocomial infection, and for the conservation of the newer antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungwon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook-Jin Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hee Joo Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namhee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Geun Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pundang CHA General Hospital, Pochon CHA University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Yunsop Chong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Rantala M, Lahti E, Kuhalampil J, Pesonen S, Järvinen AK, Saijonmaa-Koulumies, Honkanen-Buzalski T. Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in dogs given antibiotics for chronic dermatological disorders, compared with non-treated control dogs. Acta Vet Scand 2004; 45:37-45. [PMID: 15535085 PMCID: PMC1820999 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-45-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2003] [Accepted: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in canine staphylococci, Escherichia coli and enterococci, which were isolated from 22 dogs with pyoderma and a history of previous antibiotic treatment, compared to bacterial isolates from 56 non-treated control dogs. Two isolates of each bacterial species per dog were investigated, if detected. Staphylococcal isolates from dogs with pyoderma (35 isolates) were more resistant to sulphatrimethoprim than the isolates from controls (56 isolates) (57% vs. 25%, p < 0.004). Multiresistance in staphylococci was also more common in dogs with pyoderma (29% vs. 9%, p = 0.02). A similar trend among isolates of E. coli was detected (24 and 74 isolates from treated and control dogs, respectively), but the differences were not significant. Resistance for macrolide-lincosamides was approximately 20% among staphylococci in both groups. Resistance to ampicillin among enterococci was 4%-7%. The age of the dogs might have an impact on resistance: multiresistance among staphylococcal isolates from younger dogs (< or = 5 years) was more common than in older dogs (26 years) (24%, vs. 0%, 63 and 27 isolates, respectively, p = 0.02). Staphylococci in younger dogs were more resistant to tetracycline (48% vs. 11%, p < 0.001) and sulphatrimethoprim (48% vs. 15%, p < 0.01) than those in older dogs. In contrast, the isolates of E. coli from older dogs tended to be more resistant, although a significant difference was detected only in resistance to tetracycline (13% vs. 2% of 40 and 50 isolates respecthely, p = 0.04)). The results of this small study indicate that resistance in canine staphylococci in the capital area of Finland is comparable with many other countries in Europe. Resistance in indicator bacteria, E. coli and enterococci, was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rantala
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Sörqvist S. Heat resistance in liquids of Enterococcus spp., Listeria spp., Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Acta Vet Scand 2003; 44:1-19. [PMID: 14650540 PMCID: PMC1831557 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-44-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2002] [Accepted: 10/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work was to collect, evaluate, summarize and compare heat resistance data reported for Campylobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Listeria, Salmonella and Yersinia spp. The work was limited to resistance in liquids with pH values 6-8. Results obtained under similar experimental conditions were sought. Thermal destruction lines for the various bacterial groups studied were constructed using log10 D values and treatment temperatures. There was a good linear relationship between log10 D and temperature with Escherichia coli, listerias and salmonellas. For campylobacters, enterococci and yersinias the relationships were weaker but, nevertheless, present. Using the slopes of the lines and their 95% confidence limits, z values and their 95% confidence limits were calculated. z values were compared with z values obtained from reports. The equations for the lines were also used for calculation of predicted means of D values at various treatment temperatures. 95% confidence limits on predicted means of D values and on predicted individual D values were also calculated. Lines and values are shown in figures and tables. Differences in heat resistance noted between and within the bacterial groups studied are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sörqvist
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Pedersen K, Christensen GW, Steffensen M, Schyum P, Johansen AK. Transfer of lactic acid bacterial strains from the feed to the sow, the environment, and the piglets. Acta Vet Scand 1992; 33:297-303. [PMID: 1488945 PMCID: PMC8117863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of lactic acid bacterial strains to the environment and to newborn piglets was investigated after feeding of such strains to sows. Rifampicin resistant bacterial strains were fed to sows, 10(10) c.f.u. per day, during the period from 1 week before expected farrowing until 1 week after farrowing. Fecal samples from the sows and samples of litter were collected for bacteriological examination together with swabs from the pens, the skin of the sows, and from the rectum of the piglets. The test strains were only excreted in relatively low amounts in the feces of the sows, approximately 10(3)-10(6) c.f.u. per gram. They were not able to displace the normal lactic acid bacterial flora in the sows nor were they transmitted to the intestinal tract of the piglets to any significant extent. After the last administration the test strains disappeared from both feces, skin, and environment, indicating that no permanent colonization had taken place, although considerable differences in duration of persistence were noticed between test strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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